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Henneken LM, Loh TJ, Ciacchi L, Ciacchi L, Lim JJ, Reid HH, Tye-Din JA. Bridging science and accessibility: a tactile journey from gluten through to coeliac disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:331-335. [PMID: 38111272 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
As part of the Monash Sensory Science Exhibition, our team guided participants through a multisensory journey unraveling coeliac disease development and pathology. Through tactile and sensory exhibits, we showed how benign dietary gluten can be transformed into a harmful entity for the 1 in 70 Australians with this illness. In contrast to the common misconception of coeliac disease as a food allergy, our exhibits revealed its closer association with autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, involving genetic susceptibility linked to specific human leukocyte antigens, crucial antigen-specific T- and B-cell responses and autoantibody production. Tactile models underscored the severe consequences of the proinflammatory immune response to gluten on patient health and quality of life. This educational event affirmed to us the value and importance of fostering inclusivity in science education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Henneken
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tiing Jen Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Ciacchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Ciacchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia-Jia Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Gouttefangeas C, Klein R, Maia A. The good and the bad of T cell cross-reactivity: challenges and opportunities for novel therapeutics in autoimmunity and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212546. [PMID: 37409132 PMCID: PMC10319254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are main actors of the immune system with an essential role in protection against pathogens and cancer. The molecular key event involved in this absolutely central task is the interaction of membrane-bound specific T cell receptors with peptide-MHC complexes which initiates T cell priming, activation and recall, and thus controls a range of downstream functions. While textbooks teach us that the repertoire of mature T cells is highly diverse, it is clear that this diversity cannot possibly cover all potential foreign peptides that might be encountered during life. TCR cross-reactivity, i.e. the ability of a single TCR to recognise different peptides, offers the best solution to this biological challenge. Reports have shown that indeed, TCR cross-reactivity is surprisingly high. Hence, the T cell dilemma is the following: be as specific as possible to target foreign danger and spare self, while being able to react to a large spectrum of body-threatening situations. This has major consequences for both autoimmune diseases and cancer, and significant implications for the development of T cell-based therapies. In this review, we will present essential experimental evidence of T cell cross-reactivity, implications for two opposite immune conditions, i.e. autoimmunity vs cancer, and how this can be differently exploited for immunotherapy approaches. Finally, we will discuss the tools available for predicting cross-reactivity and how improvements in this field might boost translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhild Klein
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Maia
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Lucchese A, Di Stasio D, De Stefano S, Nardone M, Carinci F. Beyond the Gut: A Systematic Review of Oral Manifestations in Celiac Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3874. [PMID: 37373569 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated gluten-sensitive enteropathy, affecting about 1% of the population. The most common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and malabsorption. Extra-intestinal symptoms include oral manifestations. This systematic review aims to catalog and characterize oral manifestations in patients with CD. METHODS a systematic literature review among different search engines using PICOS criteria has been performed. The studies included used the following criteria: tissues and anatomical structures of the oral cavity in humans, published in English and available in full text. Review articles and papers published before 1990 were excluded. RESULTS 209 articles were identified in the initial search. In the end, 33 articles met the selection criteria. The information extracted from the articles was classified based on the type of oral manifestation. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (34.6%), atrophic glossitis and geographic tongue (15.26%), enamel defects (42.47%), delayed dental eruption (47.34%), xerostomia (38.05%), glossodynia (14.38%), and other manifestations including cheilitis, fissured tongue, periodontal diseases, and oral lichen planus were found in the celiac subjects of the studies analyzed. The quality of articles on the topic should be improved; however, oral manifestations in CD patients are widely described in the literature and could help diagnose celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Nardone
- Asst Melegnano Martesana, Regione Lombardia, Adda District, 20077 Vizzolo Predabissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Sposito S, Secondo A, Romanelli AM, Montefusco A, Nanayakkara M, Auricchio S, Barone MV, Caputo I, Paolella G. Peculiar Ca 2+ Homeostasis, ER Stress, Autophagy, and TG2 Modulation in Celiac Disease Patient-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021495. [PMID: 36675008 PMCID: PMC9866799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory intestinal disease caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals by genetically predisposed individuals. Constitutive differences between cells from CD patients and control subjects, including levels of protein phosphorylation, alterations of vesicular trafficking, and regulation of type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), have been reported. In the present work, we investigated how skin-derived fibroblasts from CD and control subjects responded to thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum ER stress inducer, in an attempt to contribute to the comprehension of molecular features of the CD cellular phenotype. We analyzed Ca2+ levels by single-cell video-imaging and TG2 activity by a microplate assay. Western blots and PCR analyses were employed to monitor TG2 levels and markers of ER stress and autophagy. We found that the cytosolic and ER Ca2+ level of CD cells was lower than in control cells. Treatments with thapsigargin differently activated TG2 in control and CD cells, as well as caused slightly different responses regarding the activation of ER stress and the expression of autophagic markers. On the whole, our findings identified further molecular features of the celiac cellular phenotype and highlighted that CD cells appeared less capable of adapting to a stress condition and responding in a physiological way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sposito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Montefusco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Merlin Nanayakkara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Paolella G, Sposito S, Romanelli AM, Caputo I. Type 2 Transglutaminase in Coeliac Disease: A Key Player in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147513. [PMID: 35886862 PMCID: PMC9318967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is the main autoantigen in coeliac disease (CD), a widespread inflammatory enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals in genetically predisposed individuals. As a consequence, serum antibodies to TG2 represent a very useful marker in CD diagnosis. However, TG2 is also an important player in CD pathogenesis, for its ability to deamidate some Gln residues of gluten peptides, which become more immunogenic in CD intestinal mucosa. Given the importance of TG2 enzymatic activities in CD, several studies have sought to discover specific and potent inhibitors that could be employed in new therapeutical approaches for CD, as alternatives to a lifelong gluten-free diet. In this review, we summarise all the aspects regarding TG2 involvement in CD, including its enzymatic reactions in pathogenesis, the role of anti-TG2 antibodies in disease management, and the exploration of recent strategies to reduce deamidation or to use transamidation to detoxify gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Silvia Sposito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | | | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.C.)
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