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Wang LJ, Cheng TH, Geng JS, Yang J, Liu C, Zhu GH, Luo JC, Wang GZ, Zhu XH, Wang Y, Huang J, Wang YY. Comparisons of facial emotion recognition in different social contexts among patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 83:103566. [PMID: 36965453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) all have facial emotion recognition deficits, but the differences and similarities of these deficits in the three groups of patients under different social interaction situations are not clear. The present study aims to compare the ability of facial emotion recognition in three different conversation situations from a cross-diagnostic perspective. METHODS Thirty-three participants with SCZ, 35 participants with MDD, and 30 participants with BD were recruited, along with 31 healthy controls. A computer-based task was given to assess the ability of Facial Emotion Categorization (FEC) under three different conversational situations (praise, blame, and inquiry). RESULTS In the "praise" situation, patients with SCZ, MDD and BD were all slower to recognize anger emotion than the healthy controls. In all three clinical groups, patients with SCZ recognized angry faces faster than those with MDD and BD on a continuum from happy faces to angry faces in the "inquiry" situation, while no significant difference was found in the latter two groups. In addition, no significant defect was found in the percentage and threshold of angry face recognition in all three patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that patients with SCZ, MDD, and BD share both common and distinct deficits in facial emotion recognition during social interactions, which may be beneficial for early screening and precise intervention for these mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Tian-Hua Cheng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Jia-Sen Geng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Mental Health Centre of Weifang city, Shandong 261071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Mental Health Centre of Weifang city, Shandong 261071, China
| | - Guo-Hui Zhu
- Mental Health Centre of Weifang city, Shandong 261071, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Luo
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China; Outpatient department of clinical psychology, Mental Health Centre of Linyi city, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Xiang He Zhu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jia Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China.
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Mandal MK, Habel U, Gur RC. Facial expression-based indicators of schizophrenia: Evidence from recent research. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:335-344. [PMID: 36709656 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Impaired ability to recognize emotion in other's face (decoding) or to express emotion through the face (encoding) are considered critical in schizophrenia. The topic of research draws considerable attention since clinicians rely heavily on the patient's facial expressions for diagnosis and on the patient's ability to understand the clinician's communicative intent. While most researchers argue in favor of a generalized emotion deficit, others indicate an emotion-specific deficit in schizophrenia. An early review (Mandal et al., 1998) indicated a possible breakdown in perception-expression-experience link of emotion; later reviews (Kohler et al., 2010; Chan et al., 2010) pointed to a generalized emotion processing deficit due to perceptual deficits in schizophrenia. The present review (2010-2022) revisits this controversy with 47 published studies (37 decoding, 10 encoding) conducted on 2364 patients in 20 countries. Schizophrenia is characterized by reduced emotion processing ability, especially with negative symptoms and at an acute state of illness. It is however still unclear whether this dysfunction is independent of a generalized face perception deficit or of subjective experience of emotion in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K Mandal
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, India.
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Zhang J, Wang R, Xue Y. Deconstructing Mechanisms of Abnormal Categorical Perception of Emotional Facial Expressions in Schizophrenia Patients. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:991-999. [PMID: 36588433 PMCID: PMC9806511 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to find out the potential reasons why most schizophrenia patients have a relatively low sensitivity to the classification of emotional facial expressions. METHODS By using an emotional categorical perception task, eighty-three schizophrenia patients and seventy-one healthy adults are provided with morphed emotional continuums with two emotional facial expressions (a positive emotional valence: happy; a negative emotional valence: sad). RESULTS Through comparing the difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy adults in the processes of estimating facial expressions with ambiguous emotions, we find that the pattern of emotional categorical perception for schizophrenia patients is significantly different from that of healthy controls when they process signals on the local facial areas. Compared to healthy people, schizophrenia patients have a significantly separate classification pattern in processing emotional signals between the eyes and mouth regions. It indicates that compared to healthy adults, schizophrenia patients have larger conflicts in integrating emotional signals from different facial areas. To overcome conflicts, more cognitive resources are required. Unfortunately, the lack of cognitive resources leads to the failure of integration, which further increases the difficulty of estimating facial expressions with ambiguous emotions, and finally leads to the relatively low sensitivity of emotional facial expressions classification. CONCLUSION To sum up, the deficit of abnormal perceptions of emotional facial expressions in schizophrenia patients results from an integrated deficit of signals on facial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruomin Wang
- Department of Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yunzhen Xue
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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4
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Zhao X, Yao J, Lv Y, Zhang X, Han C, Chen L, Ren F, Zhou Q, Jin Z, Li Y, Du Y, Sui Y. Facial emotion perception abilities are related to grey matter volume in the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2072-2085. [PMID: 35751735 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Impaired capability for understanding and interpreting the expressions on other people's faces manifests itself as a core feature of schizophrenia, contributing to social dysfunction. With the purpose of better understanding of the neurobiological basis of facial emotion perception deficits in schizophrenia, we investigated facial emotion perception abilities and regional structural brain abnormalities in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and then examined the correlation between them. Fifty-two drug-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 29 group-matched healthy controls were examined for facial emotion perception abilities assessed with the Facial Emotion Categorization and performed magnetic resonance imaging. The Facial Emotion Categorization data were inserted into a logistic function model so as to calculate shift point and slope as outcome measurements. Voxel-based morphometry was applied to investigate regional grey matter volume (GMV) alterations. The relationship between facial emotion perception and GMV was explored in patients using voxel-wise correlation analysis within brain regions that showed a significant GMV alterations in patients compared with controls. The schizophrenic patients performed differently on Facial Emotion Categorization tasks from the controls and presented a higher shift point and a steeper slope. Relative to the controls, patients showed GMV reductions in the superior temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, parahippocampa gyrus, posterior cingulate, the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe, cerebellar tonsil, and the declive of cerebellum posterior lobe. Importantly, abnormal performance on Facial Emotion Categorization was found correlated with GMV alterations in the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe in schizophrenia. This study suggests that reduced GMV in the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe occurs in first-episode schizophrenia, constituting a potential neuropathological basis for the impaired facial emotion perception in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | | | - Yiding Lv
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | | | - Chongyang Han
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fangfang Ren
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhuma Jin
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yuxiu Sui
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Fasshauer T, Sprenger A, Silling K, Silberg JE, Vosseler A, Minoshita S, Satoh S, Dorr M, Koelkebeck K, Lencer R. Visual exploration of emotional faces in schizophrenia using masks from the Japanese Noh theatre. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107193. [PMID: 31518577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Studying eye movements during visual exploration is widely used to investigate visual information processing in schizophrenia. Here, we used masks from the Japanese Noh theatre to study visual exploration behavior during an emotional face recognition task and a brightness evaluation control task using the same stimuli. Eye movements were recorded in 25 patients with schizophrenia and 25 age-matched healthy controls while participants explored seven photos of Japanese Noh masks tilted to seven different angles. Additionally, participants were assessed on seven upright binary black and white pictures of these Noh masks (Mooney-like pictures), seven Upside-down pictures (180° upside-down turned Mooneys), and seven Neutral pictures. Participants either had to indicate whether they had recognized a face and its emotional expression, or they had to evaluate the brightness of the picture (total N = 56 trials). We observed a clear effect of inclination angle of Noh masks on emotional ratings (p < 0.001) and visual exploration behavior in both groups. Controls made larger saccades than patients when not being able to recognize a face in upside-down Mooney pictures (p < 0.01). Patients also made smaller saccades when exploring pictures for brightness (p < 0.05). Exploration behavior in patients was related to depressive symptom expression during emotional face recognition but not during brightness evaluation. Our findings suggest that visual exploration behavior in patients with schizophrenia is less flexible than in controls depending on the specific task requirements, specifically when exploring physical aspects of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fasshauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Sprenger
- Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Karen Silling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Anne Vosseler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Seiko Minoshita
- Department of Psychology, Kawamura Gakuen Woman's University, Abiko, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Satoh
- Institute of Social Psychiatry, 8-12 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael Dorr
- Chair of Human-Machine Communication, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany.
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6
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Koelkebeck K, Vosseler A, Kohl W, Fasshauer T, Lencer R, Satoh S, Kret ME, Minoshita S. Masked ambiguity - Emotion identification in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:852-860. [PMID: 30551335 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both patients with schizophrenia and with a major depressive disorder (MDD) display deficits in identifying facial expressions of emotion during acute phases of their illness. However, specific deficit patterns have not yet been reliably demonstrated. Tasks that employ emotionally ambiguous stimuli have recently shown distinct deficit patterns in patients with schizophrenia compared to other mental disorders as well as healthy controls. We here investigate whether a task which uses an ambiguous Japanese (Noh) mask and a corresponding human stimulus generates distinctive emotion attribution patterns in thirty-two Caucasian patients with schizophrenia, matched MDD patients and healthy controls. Results show that patients with schizophrenia displayed reaction time disadvantages compared to healthy controls while identifying sadness and anger. MDD patients were more likely to label stimuli with basic compared to subtle emotional expressions. Moreover, they showed more difficulties assigning emotions to the human stimulus than to the Noh mask. IQ, age and cognitive functioning did not modulate these results. Because overall group differences were not observed, this task is not suitable for diagnosing patients. However, the subtle differences that did emerge might give therapists handles that can be used in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koelkebeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Anne Vosseler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Waldemar Kohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Teresa Fasshauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Shinji Satoh
- Institute of Social Psychiatry, 8-12 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Mariska E Kret
- Leiden University, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, The Netherlands.
| | - Seiko Minoshita
- Department of Psychology, Kawamura Gakuen Women's University, Faculty of Liberal Arts, 1133 Sageto, Abiko-city, Chiba 270-1138, Japan.
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7
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Influence of emotional contexts on facial emotion attribution in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:554-559. [PMID: 30343241 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent emotion recognition studies in schizophrenia have reported misattribution of emotional content to emotionally neutral faces. While in these studies faces are presented in the absence of any contextual reference, in daily life facial expressions are typically perceived within a specific situational context. However, there is no evidence on the possible modulatory role of contextual aids on emotion attribution to neutral faces. We address this issue in the present study. Thirty schizophrenia patients and thirty paired controls performed an emotion categorization task (by choosing one among six labels of emotions) with neutral target faces that were superimposed on affectively positive, negative or neutral scenes. In presence of positive contexts, patients categorized neutral faces as happy and fearful more frequently than controls. When negative contexts were present, patients also categorized neutral faces as fearful more frequently than controls. However, in the presence of neutral contexts patients and controls did not differ in their categorization pattern. These results suggest that explicit presence of a neutral context seems to compensate for the bias showed by patients. With the purpose of correcting emotion misattribution in schizophrenia, emotionally neutral contexts might be incorporated to treatments aimed at improving social cognition performance in this patient population.
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8
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Allott K, Fraguas D, Bartholomeusz CF, Díaz-Caneja CM, Wannan C, Parrish EM, Amminger GP, Pantelis C, Arango C, McGorry PD, Rapado-Castro M. Duration of untreated psychosis and neurocognitive functioning in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1592-1607. [PMID: 29173201 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reviews suggest there is minimal evidence for an association between duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and neurocognition. This is based on tallied findings of studies with small samples and neurocognition viewed as a single construct. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between DUP and individual neurocognitive domains and tests in first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Forty-three studies involving 4647 FEP patients were included. For studies providing correlations between DUP and neurocognition, 12 separate meta-analyses were performed based on neurocognitive domains/indices. The influence of demographic/clinical variables was tested using weighted linear meta-regression analyses. RESULTS The relationship between DUP and most neurocognitive domains/indices was not significant. Longer DUP was associated with a larger cognitive deterioration index, i.e. current minus premorbid intellectual functioning (N = 4; mean ES -0.213, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.344 to -0.074), p = 0.003). Findings were homogeneous, with no evidence of publication bias or significant influence from moderators. For studies providing mean and standard deviations for neurocognitive measures and DUP, 20 meta-regressions were performed on individual neurocognitive tests. One significant finding emerged showing that longer DUP was associated with fewer Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-perseverative errors (mean ES -0.031, 95% CI (-0.048 to -0.013), p < 0.001). Exploratory meta-regressions in studies with mean DUP <360 days showed longer DUP was significantly associated with poorer performance on Trail Making Test A and B and higher Full-Scale IQ. CONCLUSION There may not be a generalised association between DUP and neurocognition, however, specific cognitive functions may be associated with longer DUP or delayed help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Allott
- Orygen,The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,Parkville,Australia
| | - D Fraguas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, IiSGM,School of Medicine,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Madrid,Spain
| | - C F Bartholomeusz
- Orygen,The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,Parkville,Australia
| | - C M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, IiSGM,School of Medicine,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Madrid,Spain
| | - C Wannan
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Parkville,Australia
| | - E M Parrish
- Orygen,The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,Parkville,Australia
| | - G P Amminger
- Orygen,The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,Parkville,Australia
| | - C Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Parkville,Australia
| | - C Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, IiSGM,School of Medicine,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Madrid,Spain
| | - P D McGorry
- Orygen,The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,Parkville,Australia
| | - M Rapado-Castro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, IiSGM,School of Medicine,Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Madrid,Spain
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9
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Qiu F, Han M, Zhai Y, Jia S. Categorical perception of facial expressions in individuals with non-clinical social anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 58:78-85. [PMID: 28910609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES According to the well-established categorical perception (CP) of facial expressions, we decode complicated expression signals into simplified categories to facilitate expression processing. Expression processing deficits have been widely described in social anxiety (SA), but it remains to be investigated whether CP of expressions are affected by SA. The present study examined whether individuals with SA had an interpretation bias when processing ambiguous expressions and whether the sensitivity of their CP was affected by their SA. METHODS Sixty-four participants (high SA, 30; low SA, 34) were selected from 658 undergraduates using the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS). With the CP paradigm, specifically with the analysis method of the logistic function model, we derived the categorical boundaries (reflecting interpretation bias) and slopes (reflecting sensitivity of CP) of both high- and low-SA groups while recognizing angry-fearful, happy-angry, and happy-fearful expression continua. RESULTS Based on a comparison of the categorical boundaries and slopes between the high- and low-SA groups, the results showed that the categorical boundaries between the two groups were not different for any of the three continua, which means that the SA does not affect the interpretation bias for any of the three continua. The slopes for the high-SA group were flatter than those for the low-SA group for both the angry-fearful and happy-angry continua, indicating that the high-SA group is insensitive to the subtle changes that occur from angry to fearful faces and from happy to angry faces. LIMITATIONS Since participants were selected from a sample of undergraduates based on their IAS scores, the results cannot be directly generalized to individuals with clinical SA disorder. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that SA does not affect interpretation biases in the processing of anger, fear, and happiness, but does modulate the sensitivity of individuals' CP when anger appears. High-SA individuals perceive angry expressions in a less categorical manner than the low-SA group, but no such difference was found in the perception of happy or fearful expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Qiu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Mingxiu Han
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhai
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Shiwei Jia
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China.
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10
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Zhao X, Sui Y, Yao J, Lv Y, Zhang X, Jin Z, Chen L, Zhang X. Reduced white matter integrity and facial emotion perception in never-medicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:57-64. [PMID: 28385492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial emotion perception is impaired in schizophrenia. Although the pathology of schizophrenia is thought to involve abnormality in white matter (WM), few studies have examined the correlation between facial emotion perception and WM abnormalities in never-medicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia. The present study tested associations between facial emotion perception and WM integrity in order to investigate the neural basis of impaired facial emotion perception in schizophrenia. METHODS Sixty-three schizophrenic patients and thirty control subjects underwent facial emotion categorization (FEC). The FEC data was inserted into a logistic function model with subsequent analysis by independent-samples T test and the shift point and slope as outcome measurements. Severity of symptoms was measured using a five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Voxelwise group comparison of WM fractional anisotropy (FA) was operated using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The correlation between impaired facial emotion perception and FA reduction was examined in patients using simple regression analysis within brain areas that showed a significant FA reduction in patients compared with controls. The same correlation analysis was also performed for control subjects in the whole brain. RESULTS The patients with schizophrenia reported a higher shift point and a steeper slope than control subjects in FEC. The patients showed a significant FA reduction in left deep WM in the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, a small portion of the corpus callosum (CC), and the corona radiata. In voxelwise correlation analysis, we found that facial emotion perception significantly correlated with reduced FA in various WM regions, including left forceps major (FM), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), Left splenium of CC, and left ILF. The correlation analyses in healthy controls revealed no significant correlation of FA with FEC task. CONCLUSIONS These results showed disrupted WM integrity in these regions constitutes a potential neural basis for the facial emotion perception impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuxiu Sui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China..
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yiding Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhuma Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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11
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Huang CLC, Hsiao S. The Functional Significance of Affect Recognition, Neurocognition, and Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170114. [PMID: 28099444 PMCID: PMC5242509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The complex relationship and exact extent of the contribution of plausible indictors to social functional outcome in schizophrenia remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the functional significance of clinical symptoms, neurocognition, and affect recognition simultaneously in schizophrenia. METHODS The clinical symptoms, basic neurocognition, facial emotion recognition, and social functioning of 154 subjects, including 74 with schizophrenia and 80 nonclinical comparisons, were assessed. RESULTS We observed that various subdomains of social functioning were extensively related to general intelligence, basic neurocognition, facial emotion recognition, and clinical symptoms, with different association patterns. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that years of education, age, sustained attention, working memory, and facial emotion recognition were significantly associated with global social functioning in schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that affect recognition combined with nonsocial neurocognition demonstrated a crucial role in predicting global social function in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Social Work, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sigmund Hsiao
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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12
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Are executive functions related to emotional intelligence? A correlational study in schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:84-88. [PMID: 27669495 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This research explored the relationship between executive functions (working memory and reasoning subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Trail Making and Stroop tests, fluency and planning tasks, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and emotional intelligence measured by the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test in patients with schizophrenia or borderline personality disorder compared to a control group. As expected, both clinical groups performed worse than the control group in executive functions and emotional intelligence, although the impairment was greater in the borderline personality disorder group. Executive functions significantly correlated with social functioning. Results are discussed in relation to the brain circuits that mediate executive functions and emotional intelligence and the findings obtained with other models of social cognition.
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Mote J, Kring AM. Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: Does sex matter? World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:257-268. [PMID: 27354969 PMCID: PMC4919266 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception (FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate meta-analyses of FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, including meta-analyses that predominantly examined adults with chronic schizophrenia, people with early (onset prior to age 18) or recent-onset (experiencing their first or second psychotic episode or illness duration less than 2 years) schizophrenia, and unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. We also examined articles written in English (from November 2011 through June 2015) that were not included in the aforementioned meta-analyses through a literature search in the PubMed database. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. We examined all studies to determine the sample sizes, diagnostic characteristics, demographic information, methodologies, results, and whether each individual study reported on sex differences. The results from the meta-analyses themselves as well as the individual studies are reported in tables and text.
RESULTS: We retrieved 134 articles included in five separate meta-analyses and the PubMed database that examined FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum. Of these articles, 38 examined sex differences in FEP. Thirty of these studies did not find sex differences in FEP in either chronically ill adults with schizophrenia, early-onset or recently diagnosed people with schizophrenia, or first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. Of the eight studies that found sex differences in FEP, three found that chronically ill women outperformed men, one study found that girls with early-onset schizophrenia outperformed boys, and two studies found that women (including first-degree relatives, adults with schizophrenia, and the healthy control group) outperformed men on FEP tasks. In total, six of the eight studies that examined sex differences in FEP found that women outperformed men across the schizophrenia spectrum.
CONCLUSION: Evidence to date suggests few sex differences in FEP in schizophrenia; both men and women across the schizophrenia spectrum have deficits in FEP.
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Koelkebeck K, Uwatoko T, Tanaka J, Kret ME. How culture shapes social cognition deficits in mental disorders: A review. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:102-112. [PMID: 26899265 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1155482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Social cognitive skills are indispensable for successful communication with others. Substantial research has determined deficits in these abilities in patients with mental disorders. In neurobiological development and continuing into adulthood, cross-cultural differences in social cognition have been demonstrated. Moreover, symptomatic patterns in mental disorders may vary according to the cultural background of an individual. Cross-cultural studies can thus help in understanding underlying (biological) mechanisms and factors that influence behavior in health and disease. In addition, studies that apply novel paradigms assessing the impact of culture on cognition may benefit and advance neuroscience research. In this review, the authors give an overview of cross-cultural research in the field of social cognition in health and in mental disorders and provide an outlook on future research directions, taking a neuroscience perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koelkebeck
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , School of Medicine, University of Muenster , Muenster , Germany
| | - Teruhisa Uwatoko
- b Department of Psychiatry , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan.,c Kyoto University Health Service , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan
| | - Jiro Tanaka
- d Faculty of Modern Languages and Cultures , Santa Monica College , Santa Monica , CA , USA.,e Adjunct Faculty in Foreign Languages , Los Angeles Valley College , Valley Glen , CA , USA
| | - Mariska Esther Kret
- f The Cognitive Psychology Unit , Leiden University, Institute of Psychology , AK , Leiden
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15
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Koelkebeck K, Kohl W, Luettgenau J, Triantafillou S, Ohrmann P, Satoh S, Minoshita S. Benefits of using culturally unfamiliar stimuli in ambiguous emotion identification: A cross-cultural study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:39-45. [PMID: 25933477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel emotion recognition task that employs photos of a Japanese mask representing a highly ambiguous stimulus was evaluated. As non-Asians perceive and/or label emotions differently from Asians, we aimed to identify patterns of task-performance in non-Asian healthy volunteers with a view to future patient studies. The Noh mask test was presented to 42 adult German participants. Reaction times and emotion attribution patterns were recorded. To control for emotion identification abilities, a standard emotion recognition task was used among others. Questionnaires assessed personality traits. Finally, results were compared to age- and gender-matched Japanese volunteers. Compared to other tasks, German participants displayed slowest reaction times on the Noh mask test, indicating higher demands of ambiguous emotion recognition. They assigned more positive emotions to the mask than Japanese volunteers, demonstrating culture-dependent emotion identification patterns. As alexithymic and anxious traits were associated with slower reaction times, personality dimensions impacted on performance, as well. We showed an advantage of ambiguous over conventional emotion recognition tasks. Moreover, we determined emotion identification patterns in Western individuals impacted by personality dimensions, suggesting performance differences in clinical samples. Due to its properties, the Noh mask test represents a promising tool in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, e.g. schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koelkebeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Waldemar Kohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Luettgenau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany
| | - Susanna Triantafillou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany
| | - Patricia Ohrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany
| | - Shinji Satoh
- Institute of Social Psychiatry, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiko Minoshita
- Department of Psychology, Kawamura Gakuen Women׳s University, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Abiko, Chiba, Japan
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Facial and bodily emotion recognition in multiple sclerosis: the role of alexithymia and other characteristics of the disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2014; 20:1004-14. [PMID: 25373767 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617714000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be associated with impaired perception of facial emotions. However, emotion recognition mediated by bodily postures has never been examined in these patients. Moreover, several studies have suggested a relation between emotion recognition impairments and alexithymia. This is in line with the idea that the ability to recognize emotions requires the individuals to be able to understand their own emotions. Despite a deficit in emotion recognition has been observed in MS patients, the association between impaired emotion recognition and alexithymia has received little attention. The aim of this study was, first, to investigate MS patient's abilities to recognize emotions mediated by both facial and bodily expressions and, second, to examine whether any observed deficits in emotions recognition could be explained by the presence of alexithymia. Thirty patients with MS and 30 healthy matched controls performed experimental tasks assessing emotion discrimination and recognition of facial expressions and bodily postures. Moreover, they completed questionnaires evaluating alexithymia, depression, and fatigue. First, facial emotion recognition and, to a lesser extent, bodily emotion recognition can be impaired in MS patients. In particular, patients with higher disability showed an impairment in emotion recognition compared with patients with lower disability and controls. Second, their deficit in emotion recognition was not predicted by alexithymia. Instead, the disease's characteristics and the performance on some cognitive tasks significantly correlated with emotion recognition. Impaired facial emotion recognition is a cognitive signature of MS that is not dependent on alexithymia.
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Batty RA, Francis AJP, Innes-Brown H, Joshua NR, Rossell SL. Neurophysiological correlates of configural face processing in schizotypy. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:101. [PMID: 25161628 PMCID: PMC4129627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Face processing impairment in schizophrenia appears to be underpinned by poor configural (as opposed to feature-based) processing; however, few studies have sought to characterize this impairment electrophysiologically. Given the sensitivity of event-related potentials to antipsychotic medications, and the potential for neurophysiological abnormalities to serve as vulnerability markers for schizophrenia, a handful of studies have investigated early visual P100 and face-selective N170 in "at risk" populations. However, this is the first known neurophysiological investigation of configural face processing in a non-clinical schizotypal sample. METHODS Using stimuli designed to engage configural processing in face perception (upright and inverted Mooney and photographic faces), P100 and N170 components were recorded in healthy individuals characterized by high (N = 14) and low (N = 14) schizotypal traits according to the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. RESULTS High schizotypes showed significantly reduced N170 amplitudes to inverted photographic faces. Typical N170 latency and amplitude inversion effects (delayed and enhanced N170 to inverted relative to upright photographic faces, and enhanced amplitude to upright versus inverted Mooney faces), were demonstrated by low, but not high, schizotypes. No group differences were shown for P100 analyses. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that neurophysiological deficits in processing facial configurations (N170) are apparent in schizotypy, while the early sensory processing (P100) of faces appears intact. This work adds to the mounting evidence for analogous neural processing anomalies at the healthy end of the psychosis continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Batty
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; School of Health Science, Psychology, RMIT University , Bundoora, VIC , Australia
| | - Andrew J P Francis
- School of Health Science, Psychology, RMIT University , Bundoora, VIC , Australia
| | | | | | - Susan L Rossell
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Monash-Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Psychiatry, St. Vincents Hospital , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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Vázquez-Roque RA, Ubhi K, Masliah E, Flores G. Chronic cerebrolysin administration attenuates neuronal abnormalities in the basolateral amygdala induced by neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion in the rat. Synapse 2013; 68:31-8. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Antonio Vázquez-Roque
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología; Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; 14 Sur 6301, CP 72570 Puebla México
| | - Kiren Ubhi
- Department of Neurosciences; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0624
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología; Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; 14 Sur 6301, CP 72570 Puebla México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología; Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; 14 Sur 6301, CP 72570 Puebla México
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