1
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Makam RMM, Wan Omar WNN, Ahmad DABJ, Nor NUM, Shamjuddin A, Amin NAS. The potential of carboxylmethyl cellulose from empty fruit bunch as versatile material in food coating: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122194. [PMID: 38763709 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The rising demand for food packaging has led to a growing interest in sustainable and eco-friendly food coatings. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), being a versatile cellulose derivative produced from various lignocellulosic sources, has emerged in edible food coatings. This review evaluates the research trends on CMC production from empty fruit bunch (EFB) as a potential edible food coating material by systematic review approach. It explores sustainable pre-treatment for green cellulose and different CMC synthesis methods. The review compares CMC-based coatings to other materials, focusing on formulation processes, coating quality, safety, and commercial feasibility. The bibliometric analysis is performed to correlate food coating and CMC. As a result, the study discovered the rapid growth in research on edible food coatings made from CMC for various food industry applications. The green approach such as ozone pre-treatment appear as promising method for cellulose isolation from EFB to be used as raw material for CMC. The synthesis conditions of the treatment would affect the CMC characteristics and usage. Herein, utilizing CMC from cellulose EFB in coating formulation and on coated food shows different benefits. This review provides a road map for future research with potential to make important contributions to the food industry's long-term evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Michele Mba Makam
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Nadyaini Wan Omar
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Danish Akmal Bin Jihat Ahmad
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Umisyuhada Mohd Nor
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Amnani Shamjuddin
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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2
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Sayanjali S, Lu Y, Howell K. Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Broccoli Stems as a New Biopolymer Source for Producing Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2024; 2024:7661288. [PMID: 38680866 PMCID: PMC11052598 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7661288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of food and agricultural waste-derived carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has become of interest due to their biodegradability and cost-effectiveness. In the current research, cellulose was extracted from broccoli stems to produce carboxymethyl cellulose using a carboxymethylation reaction via chloroacetic acid (CAA) and sodium hydroxide (5-10 M). The effects of different synthesis conditions on the degree of substitution (DS) and viscosity of the synthesized CMC powder were investigated. The mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), and colour of CMC films were also evaluated. The results showed that CMC with the highest DS value (0.60) and the highest viscosity of 0.5 Pa·s could be synthesized from broccoli stems at a concentration of 7.5 M NaOH and a cellulose-to-chloroacetic acid ratio of 1 : 1.2. At CMC concentration of 4 g/100 mL with 0.8 g/100 mL of glycerol, the films had the highest tensile strength (31.91 MPa), whereas with 1.2 g/100 mL glycerol, more flexible films with elongation at break of 27.56% were produced. CMC films with the highest WVP (7.87 × 103 gm2·mmHg-1/day) were made with 6 g/100 mL of CMC and 1.8 g/100 mL of glycerol. This research proposes a new source of cellulose to produce biodegradable packaging materials to initiate a practical basis for food waste reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sayanjali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yuzhou Lu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate Howell
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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3
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Norfarhana A, Ilyas R, Ngadi N, Dzarfan Othman MH. Innovative ionic liquid pretreatment followed by wet disk milling treatment provides enhanced properties of sugar palm nano-fibrillated cellulose. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27715. [PMID: 38509963 PMCID: PMC10951586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to accommodate the increased demand for innovative materials, intensive research has focused on natural resources. In pursuit of advanced substances that exhibit functionality, sustainability, recyclability, and cost-effectiveness, the present work attempted an alternative study on cellulose nanofibers derived from sugar palm fiber. Leveraging an innovative approach involving ionic liquid (IL) pre-treatment, bleaching, and wet disc mill technique, nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) was successfully obtained from the sugar palm fiber source. Remarkably, 96.89% of nanofibers were extracted from the sugar palm fiber, demonstrating the process's efficacy and scalability. Further investigation revealed that the sugar palm nano-fibrillated cellulose (SPNFC) exhibited a surface area of 3.46 m2/g, indicating a significant interface for enhanced functionality. Additionally, the analysis unveiled an average pore size of 4.47 nm, affirming its suitability for various applications that necessitate precise filtration. Moreover, the surface charge densities of SPNFC were found to be -32.1 mV, offering opportunities for surface modification and enhanced interactions with various materials. The SPNFC exhibit remarkable thermal stability, enduring temperatures of up to 360.5 °C. Additionally, the isolation process is evident in a significant rise in the crystallinity index, escalating from 50.97% in raw fibers to 61.62% in SPNFC. These findings shed light on the vast potential and distinct features of SPNFC, opening the path for its application in a wide array of industries, including but not limited to advanced materials, biomedicine, and environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Norfarhana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Pagoh Education Hub, 84600 Pagoh Muar Johor, Malaysia
| | - R.A. Ilyas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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4
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Dingcong R, Ahalajal MAN, Mendija LCC, Ruda-Bayor RJG, Maravillas FP, Cavero AI, Cea EJC, Pantaleon KJM, Tejas KJGD, Limbaga EA, Dumancas GG, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Valorization of Agricultural Rice Straw as a Sustainable Feedstock for Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foam Production. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13100-13111. [PMID: 38524426 PMCID: PMC10956088 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural rice straw (RS), often discarded as waste in farmlands, represents a vast and underutilized resource. This study explores the valorization of RS as a potential feedstock for rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam (RPUF) production. The process begins with the liquefaction of RS to create an RS-based polyol, which is then used in a modified foam formulation to prepare RPUFs. The resulting RPUF samples were comprehensively characterized according to their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that up to 50% by weight of petroleum-based polyol can be substituted with RS-based polyol to produce a highly functional RPUF. The obtained foams exhibited a notably low apparent density of 18-24 kg/m3, exceptional thermal conductivity ranging from 0.031-0.041 W/m-K, and a high compressive strength exceeding 250 kPa. This study underlines the potential of the undervalued agricultural RS as a green alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks to produce a high-value RPUF. Additionally, the findings contribute to the sustainable utilization of abundant agricultural waste while offering an eco-friendly option for various applications, including construction materials and insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger
G. Dingcong
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Mary Ann N. Ahalajal
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Leanne Christie C. Mendija
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Rosal Jane G. Ruda-Bayor
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Felrose P. Maravillas
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- College
of Engineering, Capitol University, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines
| | - Applegen I. Cavero
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- AC
Joyo Design and Technical Services, Davao City 8000, Philippines
| | - Evalyn Joy C. Cea
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Kaye Junelle M. Pantaleon
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Kassandra Jayza Gift D. Tejas
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Edison A. Limbaga
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510, United States
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
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5
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Lv Y, Li P, Cen L, Wen F, Su R, Cai J, Chen J, Su W. Gelatin/carboxymethylcellulose composite film combined with photodynamic antibacterial: New prospect for fruit preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128643. [PMID: 38061514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plastic packaging causes environmental pollution, and the development of simple and effective biodegradable active packaging remains a challenge. In this study, gelatin (G) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were used as film materials, with the addition of curcumin (Cur), a photosensitive substance, to investigate the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the film and its application in fruit preservation. The results demonstrated that Cur was compatible with the film. With the addition of Cur, the thickness of the film increased up to 1.3 times, while the moisture content was reduced to 12.10 %. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) of the film can reach 8.84 MPa and 19.33 %, respectively. The photodynamic antibacterial experiment revealed that the film containing 0.5 % Cur exhibited the highest antibacterial rate, reaching 99.99 % against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 95 % against Escherichia coli (E. coli). During storage, the grapes remained unspoiled for up to 9 days after being phototreated with the film and the microbial content of the skin was much lower than that of the control group. In addition, Cur provided antioxidant activity for the film, with a scavenging activity of 39.54 % against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrind radical (DPPH). Bananas exposed to the film-forming solution for a short period of time remained fresh for up to 6 days. During preservation, the weight of the treated bananas decreased more slowly than that of the control group. In addition, the activity of SOD on the 7th day was approximately 20 U/g higher than that of the control group, which helped to reduce oxidative stress during banana preservation. In summary, G-CMC/Cur film is an optional fruit-cling film that can be used in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Lei Cen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Fangzhou Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Rixiang Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyun Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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6
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Ozdemir NC, Bilici Z, Yabalak E, Dizge N, Balakrishnan D, Khoo KS, Show PL. Physico-chemical adsorption of cationic dyes using adsorbent synthesis via hydrochloric acid treatment and subcritical method from palm leaf biomass waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139558. [PMID: 37467863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Today, where water resources are polluted rapidly, the need for eco-friendly green methods is gradually increasing. Conversion of waste biomass into functional adsorbents that can be utilized in water treatment is a win-win practice for both recycling and water pollution treatment. In this study, the adsorbent material was obtained from the palm leaf to contribute to sustainable green energy. This cellulose-containing adsorbent material was tested in the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) and Basic Red-18 (BR18). The properties of palm leaf adsorbent were determined. The best removal efficiencies and optimum conditions were determined in the adsorption process. In both dye types; the original pH value, 2 g/L adsorbent dose, 25 mg/L dye concentration, and 120 min were chosen as the optimum conditions since the best removal efficiency was obtained in the experiments performed at 25 °C. At these conditions, the removal efficiencies were found to be 100% and 90% for BR18 and MB, respectively. In addition, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic data were analyzed. For BR18 and MB, it was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-2nd order. Palm leaf adsorbent was used with an efficiency of over 50% in four consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Bilici
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erdal Yabalak
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Deepanraj Balakrishnan
- College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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7
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Torgbo S, Sukyai P, Khantayanuwong S, Puangsin B, Srichola P, Sukatta U, Kamonpatana P, Beaumont M, Rosenau T. Assessment of Electrothermal Pretreatment of Rambutan ( Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peels for Producing Cellulose Fibers. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39975-39984. [PMID: 36385815 PMCID: PMC9648145 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agroindustrial wastes are renewable sources and the most promising sustainable alternative to lignocellulosic biomass for cellulose production. This study assessed the electrothermal pretreatment of rambutan peel (RP) for producing cellulose fibers. The pretreatment was carried out by Ohmic heating at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v) in a water/ethanol (1:1, v/v) mixture as the electrical transmission medium at 60 ± 1 °C for different holding times (15, 30, and 60 min). Ohmic heating did not significantly influence the total fiber yield for the various holding times. However, the compositions of the samples in terms of extractives, lignin, hemicellulose, and α-cellulose content were significantly influenced. In addition, the electrothermal pretreatment method reduced the bleaching time of RP by 25%. The pretreated fibers were thermally stable up to 240 °C. Ohmic heating pretreatment times of 15 and 30 min were found most promising, reducing the required bleaching chemicals and increasing the α-cellulose yield. The pretreated bleached cellulose fibers had similar properties to nontreated bleached fibers and could be efficiently processed into stable gels of strong shear-thinning behavior with potential application as rheology modifiers in food products. Our results demonstrate that rambutan peel could serve as a promising sustainable alternative to woody biomass for cellulose production. Ohmic heating meets the requirements for industrial applications as it is eco-friendly, improves the efficiency and energy consumption in fiber processing, and could as well be included in the processing of similar food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selorm Torgbo
- Cellulose
for Future Materials and Technologies Special Research Unit, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Prakit Sukyai
- Cellulose
for Future Materials and Technologies Special Research Unit, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
- Center
for
Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University
Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart
University, Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Somwang Khantayanuwong
- Department
of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Buapan Puangsin
- Department
of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Preeyanuch Srichola
- Kasetsart
Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University,
Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Udomlak Sukatta
- Kasetsart
Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University,
Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Pitiya Kamonpatana
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University,
Chatuchak, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), 3430Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), 3430Tulln, Austria
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8
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Li J, Zhang F, Zhong Y, Zhao Y, Gao P, Tian F, Zhang X, Zhou R, Cullen PJ. Emerging Food Packaging Applications of Cellulose Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194025. [PMID: 36235973 PMCID: PMC9572456 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, which is synthesized by plants, bacteria, and animals, with source-dependent properties. Cellulose containing β-1,4-linked D-glucoses further assembles into hierarchical structures in microfibrils, which can be processed to nanocellulose with length or width in the nanoscale after a variety of pretreatments including enzymatic hydrolysis, TEMPO-oxidation, and carboxymethylation. Nanocellulose can be mainly categorized into cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) produced by acid hydrolysis, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) prepared by refining, homogenization, microfluidization, sonification, ball milling, and the aqueous counter collision (ACC) method, and bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesized by the Acetobacter species. Due to nontoxicity, good biodegradability and biocompatibility, high aspect ratio, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent mechanical strength, and unique optical properties, nanocellulose is utilized to develop various cellulose nanocomposites through solution casting, Layer-by-Layer (LBL) assembly, extrusion, coating, gel-forming, spray drying, electrostatic spinning, adsorption, nanoemulsion, and other techniques, and has been widely used as food packaging material with excellent barrier and mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and stimuli-responsive performance to improve the food quality and shelf life. Under the driving force of the increasing green food packaging market, nanocellulose production has gradually developed from lab-scale to pilot- or even industrial-scale, mainly in Europe, Africa, and Asia, though developing cost-effective preparation techniques and precisely tuning the physicochemical properties are key to the commercialization. We expect this review to summarise the recent literature in the nanocellulose-based food packaging field and provide the readers with the state-of-the-art of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Feifan Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yaqi Zhong
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yadong Zhao
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Pingping Gao
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Fang Tian
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Tamo AK, Tran TA, Doench I, Jahangir S, Lall A, David L, Peniche-Covas C, Walther A, Osorio-Madrazo A. 3D Printing of Cellulase-Laden Cellulose Nanofiber/Chitosan Hydrogel Composites: Towards Tissue Engineering Functional Biomaterials with Enzyme-Mediated Biodegradation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15176039. [PMID: 36079419 PMCID: PMC9456765 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The 3D printing of a multifunctional hydrogel biomaterial with bioactivity for tissue engineering, good mechanical properties and a biodegradability mediated by free and encapsulated cellulase was proposed. Bioinks of cellulase-laden and cellulose nanofiber filled chitosan viscous suspensions were used to 3D print enzymatic biodegradable and biocompatible cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced chitosan (CHI) hydrogels. The study of the kinetics of CNF enzymatic degradation was studied in situ in fibroblast cell culture. To preserve enzyme stability as well as to guarantee its sustained release, the cellulase was preliminarily encapsulated in chitosan-caseinate nanoparticles, which were further incorporated in the CNF/CHI viscous suspension before the 3D printing of the ink. The incorporation of the enzyme within the CHI/CNF hydrogel contributed to control the decrease of the CNF mechanical reinforcement in the long term while keeping the cell growth-promoting property of chitosan. The hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose in the 3D printed scaffolds showed a slow but sustained degradation of the CNFs with enzyme, with approximately 65% and 55% relative activities still obtained after 14 days of incubation for the encapsulated and free enzyme, respectively. The 3D printed composite hydrogels showed excellent cytocompatibility supporting fibroblast cell attachment, proliferation and growth. Ultimately, the concomitant cell growth and biodegradation of CNFs within the 3D printed CHI/CNF scaffolds highlights the remarkable potential of CHI/CNF composites in the design of tissue models for the development of 3D constructs with tailored in vitro/in vivo degradability for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Kamdem Tamo
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Materials BMBT, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany or
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tuan Anh Tran
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Materials BMBT, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany or
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Doench
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Materials BMBT, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany or
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shaghayegh Jahangir
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Materials BMBT, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany or
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aastha Lall
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Materials BMBT, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany or
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laurent David
- Polymer Materials Engineering IMP CNRS UMR 5223, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet St Etienne, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carlos Peniche-Covas
- Center of Biomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab, Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Materials BMBT, Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany or
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-67363
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Bacterial Cellulose-Based Biofilm Forming Agent Extracted from Vietnamese Nata-de-Coco Tree by Ultrasonic Vibration Method: Structure and Properties. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7502796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose has recently received more attention in several fields including biology and biomedical applications due to its outstanding physicochemical properties such as thermal stability, biodegradability, good water holding capacity, and high tensile. Cellulose, the most abundant biomolecule on Earth, is available in large amounts in plants. However, cellulose in plants is accompanied by other polymers such as hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. On the other hand, highly purified bacterial cellulose without impurities is produced by several microorganisms. In which, the most active producer is Acetobacter xylinum. A. This study developed a new process using sonication to isolate bacterial cellulose from nata-de-coco Vietnam. Sonicating time and temperature, two important engineering factors, were considered and discussed (Temperature: 55, 60, 65, 70°C; Time: 15, 30, 60, 90 min). Research results have established that the ultrasonic vibration time of 60 minutes at 65 degrees Celsius gives the best structural properties of BC. The morphology, structural, and thermal properties of the obtained films were investigated by SEM, FTIR, and TGA. Besides, tensile strength was also evaluated. The results show that sonication is not only a favorable technique to isolate cellulose nanofibers but it also enhances their crystallinity.
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