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Shashikant H. Gaikwad, Barache UB, Kamble GS, Anuse MA. A Green Chemosensing Approach for Direct and Liquid-liquid Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Platinum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482209012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Recent advances in the preconcentration and determination of platinum group metals in environmental and biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rana V, Maiti SK. Metal Accumulation Strategies of Emergent Plants in Natural Wetland Ecosystems Contaminated with Coke-Oven Effluent. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:55-60. [PMID: 29761304 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of industrial effluents into natural wetlands is a ubiquitous problem worldwide, and phytoremediation could be a viable option for treatment. The present study assessed metal accumulation strategies of three dominant emergent plants [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Scirpus grossus (L.) f., and Typha latifolia L.] growing in a wetland contaminated with coke-oven effluent. Metals concentration (mg kg-1) in wetland sediment followed the order Mn (408) > Cu (97) > Co (14.2) > Cr (14) > Cd (2.7). Plant tissues (root and shoot) showed metal-specific accumulation at different extents due to plant response against metal utility or toxicity. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of metals in plants revealed Cd and Mn pollution could be remediated through phytoextraction (BCF > 1 and TF > 1); however, Co, Cu, and Cr pollution could be remediated through phytostabilization (BCF > 1 and TF < 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rana
- Restoration Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Restoration Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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Rate AW. Multielement geochemistry identifies the spatial pattern of soil and sediment contamination in an urban parkland, Western Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1106-1120. [PMID: 29426129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban environments are dynamic and highly heterogeneous, and multiple additions of potential contaminants are likely on timescales which are short relative to natural processes. The likely sources and location of soil or sediment contamination in urban environment should therefore be detectable using multielement geochemical composition combined with rigorously applied multivariate statistical techniques. Soil, wetland sediment, and street dust was sampled along intersecting transects in Robertson Park in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Samples were analysed for near-total concentrations of multiple elements (including Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Gd, La, Mn, Nd, Ni, Pb, Y, and Zn), as well as pH, and electrical conductivity. Samples at some locations within Robertson Park had high concentrations of potentially toxic elements (Pb above Health Investigation Limits; As, Ba, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn above Ecological Investigation Limits). However, these concentrations carry low risk due to the main land use as recreational open space, the low proportion of samples exceeding guideline values, and a tendency for the highest concentrations to be located within the less accessible wetland basin. The different spatial distributions of different groups of contaminants was consistent with different inputs of contaminants related to changes in land use and technology over the history of the site. Multivariate statistical analyses reinforced the spatial information, with principal component analysis identifying geochemical associations of elements which were also spatially related. A multivariate linear discriminant model was able to discriminate samples into a-priori types, and could predict sample type with 84% accuracy based on multielement composition. The findings suggest substantial advantages of characterising a site using multielement and multivariate analyses, an approach which could benefit investigations of other sites of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Rate
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, M079, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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5
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Improvement of the ultra-trace voltammetric determination of Rh in environmental samples using signal transformation. Talanta 2016; 146:737-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Westerhoff P, Lee S, Yang Y, Gordon GW, Hristovski K, Halden RU, Herckes P. Characterization, Recovery Opportunities, and Valuation of Metals in Municipal Sludges from U.S. Wastewater Treatment Plants Nationwide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9479-88. [PMID: 25581264 DOI: 10.1021/es505329q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
U.S. sewage sludges were analyzed for 58 regulated and nonregulated elements by ICP-MS and electron microscopy to explore opportunities for removal and recovery. Sludge/water distribution coefficients (KD, L/kg dry weight) spanned 5 orders of magnitude, indicating significant metal accumulation in biosolids. Rare-earth elements and minor metals (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) detected in sludges showed enrichment factors (EFs) near unity, suggesting dust or soils as likely dominant sources. In contrast, most platinum group elements (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt) showed high EF and KD values, indicating anthropogenic sources. Numerous metallic and metal oxide colloids (<100-500 nm diameter) were detected; the morphology of abundant aggregates of primary particles measuring <100 nm provided clues to their origin. For a community of 1 million people, metals in biosolids were valued at up to US$13 million annually. A model incorporating a parameter (KD × EF × $Value) to capture the relative potential for economic value from biosolids revealed the identity of the 13 most lucrative elements (Ag, Cu, Au, P, Fe, Pd, Mn, Zn, Ir, Al, Cd, Ti, Ga, and Cr) with a combined value of US $280/ton of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Westerhoff
- †School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Sungyun Lee
- †School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Yu Yang
- †School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Gwyneth W Gordon
- ‡School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1404, United States
| | - Kiril Hristovski
- §The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Peralta Hall 330A, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, Arizona 85212-2180, United States
| | - Rolf U Halden
- †School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
- ∥Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Security and Defense Systems Initiative, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5904, United States
| | - Pierre Herckes
- ⊥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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Almécija C, Sharma M, Cobelo-García A, Santos-Echeandía J, Caetano M. Osmium and Platinum Decoupling in the Environment: Evidences in Intertidal Sediments (Tagus Estuary, SW Europe). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6545-53. [PMID: 25923357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic converters in automobiles have significantly increased the input of platinum group elements (PGE) to the environment, and their coupled geochemical behavior has been proposed. To check this hypothesis, Pt and Os concentrations and (187)Os/(188)Os ratios were determined in sediment cores and interstitial waters from the Tagus Estuary (SW Europe) affected by different traffic pressure. Platinum concentration in surface sediments nearby the high traffic zone (up to 40 ng g(-1)) indicated severe contamination. Although lower than Pt, Os enrichment was also observed in surface sediments, with lower (187)Os/(188)Os ratios than in deeper layers. Dissolved Pt and Os in interstitial waters, 0.1-0.7 pg g(-1) and 0.03-0.10 pg g(-1), respectively, were higher than in typical uncontaminated waters. Results indicate two sources of Pt and Os into the Tagus Estuary salt marshes: a regional input associated with industrial activities, fossil fuel combustions, and regional traffic and a local source linked to nearby traffic density emissions. Estimations of Os and Pt released by catalytic converters support this two-source model. Differences in geochemical reactivity and range of dispersion from their sources lead to a decoupled behavior of Os and Pt, questioning the use of Os isotopes as proxies of PGE sources to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Almécija
- †Bioxeoquímica Mariña, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
- ‡Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Mukul Sharma
- ‡Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Antonio Cobelo-García
- †Bioxeoquímica Mariña, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan Santos-Echeandía
- †Bioxeoquímica Mariña, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Miguel Caetano
- §IPMA-Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasilia, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal
- ∥CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Ruchter N, Sures B. Distribution of platinum and other traffic related metals in sediments and clams (Corbicula sp.). WATER RESEARCH 2015; 70:313-324. [PMID: 25543241 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Platinum is part of traffic-emitted metals since the introduction of automotive catalyst converters. Still, automobile emissions are one of the major sources for metals in European river systems. However, field data on Pt is scarce and there is a lack of knowledge concerning the distribution and biological availability of Pt. Therefore, the distribution of traffic related metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Pt, and Zn) was analyzed in sediment samples and in the Asian clam Corbicula sp. Samples were taken from three transects following road runoff inlets. Pt was introduced into the river by road runoff. The highest Pt concentrations in sediments were analyzed in the silt/clay fraction (45 ng/g), while the highest total Pt burden was obtained for the sand fraction, that makes up more than 60% of the sediment. Metal concentrations were related to the area of the drained street section as well as to their distance from the discharge point, and to grain size distribution within the sediment. Pt and other traffic related metals were accumulated by clams. Due to the feeding behavior of the freshwater mussel Corbicula sp. Pt concentrations in the soft tissue remain relatively low (max Pt concentration: 1.3 ng/g freeze dried soft tissue) and acute lethal or toxic effects therefore appear to be unlikely. Nonetheless, chronic exposure effects still have to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ruchter
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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Comber S, Gardner M, Jones V, Ellor B. Source apportionment of trace contaminants in urban sewer catchments. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:573-587. [PMID: 25209673 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.953599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sampling and analysis of Water Framework Directive priority chemicals were undertaken in nine urban catchments across the UK. Over 9000 samples were collected from a number of different catchment sources including tap water, domestic waste water, surface water runoff, trade discharges, town centre and light industrial estate wastewaters. Determinands included trace metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants and a number of common pharmaceuticals. Loads of the chemicals from each catchment entering the local wastewater treatment works (WwTW) were estimated and were shown to be relatively consistent between different catchments, after taking population into account. A Monte Carlo mixing model was used to combine the concentrations and flows from the different catchment sources and to predict concentrations and loads entering the WwTW. Based on the model output, the significance of the different sources could be evaluated. The study highlighted the importance of domestic wastewater as a source of contaminants, including metals and trace organic substances (such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), bisphenol A, nonylphenol and tributyl tin (TBT)). Concentrations in trade discharges were important in some locations in the case of nonylphenol, EDTA, TBT, as well as for some metals such as copper, zinc and nickel. Contributions to the total load from town centre and light industrial estate sources were generally less than 10% of the total.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Comber
- a Department of Environmental Science , Plymouth University , Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA , UK
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Sievers H, Schuster M. Long-Term Monitoring of Palladium and Platinum Contents in Road Dust of the City of Munich, Germany. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-44559-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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12
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Lyubomirova V, Djingova R. Accumulation and Distribution of Pt and Pd in Roadside Dust, Soil and Vegetation in Bulgaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-44559-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Pawlak J, Łodyga-Chruścińska E, Chrustowicz J. Fate of platinum metals in the environment. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:247-54. [PMID: 24809664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For many years now automotive exhaust catalysts have been used to reduce the significant amounts of harmful chemical substances generated by car engines, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Although they considerably decrease environmental contamination with the above-mentioned compounds, it is known that catalysts contribute to the environmental load of platinum metals (essential components of catalysts), which are released with exhaust fumes. Contamination with platinum metals stems mainly from automotive exhaust converters, but other major sources also exist. Since platinum group elements (PGEs): platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru) and iridium (Ir) seem to spread in the environment and accumulate in living organisms, they may pose a threat to animals and humans. This paper discusses the modes and forms of PGE emission as well as their impact on the environment and living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pawlak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Łodyga-Chruścińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Chrustowicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Cobelo-García A. Kinetic effects on the interactions of Rh(III) with humic acids as determined using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2330-2339. [PMID: 22875477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic inputs of Rh in the environment-together with other platinum group elements-have increased considerably during the last 20-30 years. However, thermodynamics and kinetics on the interaction of Rh with natural organic and inorganic ligands are still poorly characterized. Here, we report the time-dependent speciation of rhodium chlorides spiked to model freshwater with and without the presence of humic substances. Rhodium species were determined using size-exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Results indicate that organic matter can effectively bind rhodium, but the extremely slow reaction kinetics of Rh plays a significant role on its speciation in natural waters. Accordingly, formation of Rh-organic complexes from spiked rhodium chlorides required around 15 days to reach equilibrium; this should be taken into account in those laboratory experiments where the biological interactions of Rh, using spiked samples, are studied. Regarding Rh inorganic speciation in freshwater, the available thermodynamic constants predict the dominance of the neutral trihydroxo and negatively charged tetrahydroxo rhodium complexes over typical pHs (6-8); our results, however, indicate only the presence of negatively charged hydroxocomplexes at pH 7. Reexamination of the Rh stability constants suggest that these hydroxylated rhodium complexes may also dominate its inorganic speciation in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cobelo-García
- Marine Biogeochemistry Research Group, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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Abstract
AbstractEmissions of toxic substances such as oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, and, in addition, aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes and heavy metals are the most serious problem of road traffic affecting landscape. Platinum group elements (PGE), which are the main component of the catalyst, are one of the main sources of heavy metals in the environment. Here, we review the way by which emissions and forms of the emitted PGE end up in the environment especially to the soil-water-plant-animal system. The major points discussed are the following: 1) the main sources of PGE emission are automobile exhaust catalysts; 2) hospitals, where platinum is widely used to treat malignant neoplasm, and urban waste water belonging to other important sources of PGE in the environment; 3) soil is one of the most important components of the environment that may be contaminated with platinum metals; 4) phytotoxicity of PGE depends on the following conditions: the concentration of metals in the soil, time of exposure, the chemical form of metal, the chemical composition of exposed soil and plant species; 5) animals are also endangered by the increasing concentration of PGE in the environment. Moreover, we pay our attention to thiol-based mechanisms of how an organism protects itself against platinum group elements.
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Sebek O, Mihaljevič M, Strnad L, Ettler V, Ježek J, Stědrý R, Drahota P, Ackerman L, Adamec V. Dissolution kinetics of Pd and Pt from automobile catalysts by naturally occurring complexing agents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 198:331-339. [PMID: 22078491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Powder samples prepared from gasoline (Pt, Pd, Rh, new GN/old GO) and diesel (Pt, new DN/old DO) catalysts and recycled catalyst NIST 2556 were tested using kinetic leaching experiments following 1, 12, 24, 48, 168, 360, 720 and 1440-h interactions with solutions of 20mM citric acid (CA), 20 mM Na(2)P(4)O(7) (NaPyr), 1 g L(-1) NaCl (NaCl), a fulvic acid solution (FA-DOC 50 mg L(-1)) and 20 mM CA at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The mobilisation of platinum group elements (PGEs) was fastest in solutions of CA and NaPyr. In the other interactions (NaCl, FA), the release of PGEs was probably followed by immobilisation processes, and the interactions were not found to correspond to the simple release of PGEs into solution. Because of their low concentrations, the individual complexing agents did not have any effect on the speciation of Pd and Pt in the extracts; both metals are present in solution as the complexes Me(OH)(2), Me(OH)(+). Immobilisation can take place through the adsorption of the positively charged hydroxyl complexes or flocculation of fulvic acid, complexing the PGEs on the surface of the extracted catalysts. The calculated normalised bulk released NRi values are similar to the reaction rate highest in the solutions of CA and NaPyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Sebek
- Laboratories of the Geological Institutes, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jackson MT, Prichard HM, Sampson J. Platinum-group elements in sewage sludge and incinerator ash in the United Kingdom: assessment of PGE sources and mobility in cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:1276-1285. [PMID: 19878972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in sewage sludge and incinerator ash compared with average PGE concentrations in road dust show a common pattern, characterized by a negative Rh anomaly. This similarity, found at 9 UK incinerators, suggests that there is a universal characteristic PGE pattern produced by common processes of dispersal of Pt, Pd and Rh derived from automobile catalytic converters. Ninety-one sewage sludge and incinerator ash samples from the sewage treatment facilities in Sheffield, Birmingham and 7 other UK cities were analyzed for PGE. The highest concentrations are 602ppb Pt and 710ppb Pd with lower maximum concentrations of 65ppb Rh, 100ppb Ru, 33ppb Ir and 12ppb Os. Ash from incinerated sewage was found to have higher PGE concentrations compared to the original sludge and the PGE ratios are preserved during incineration. Rh is more mobilized and dispersed than the other PGE as it is transported from roads into the drainage system and into sewage. Pt/Pd ratios of 1.0 in road dust and 0.9 in sewage and incinerator ash suggest that Pd is more mobile than Pt during dispersal. PGE abundances in stored incinerator ash of varying ages appear to have been affected by the variation in use of Pt, Pd and Rh in catalytic converters due to variation in their market prices. Concentrations of Os, Ir and Ru in ashes are greater in Sheffield and London than all the other city sites and may be derived from point industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Jackson
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Dubiella-Jackowska A, Kudłak B, Polkowska Ż, Namieśnik J. Environmental Fate of Traffic-Derived Platinum Group Metals. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340903001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Internal correction of hafnium oxide spectral interferences and mass bias in the determination of platinum in environmental samples using isotope dilution analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:351-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Leopold K, Maier M, Weber S, Schuster M. Long-term study of palladium in road tunnel dust and sewage sludge ash. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:341-347. [PMID: 18355951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present work summarizes data about palladium contents of road tunnel dust from 1994 to 2007 and sewage sludge ash from 1972 to 2006. Since palladium is emitted from automotive catalytic converters as elemental particles, road dust is quiet useful to study traffic-related Pd emissions. Very high Pd values of up to 516 microg Pd kg(-1) were found in the road dust samples collected in 2007. Heavy metals of all urban emissions, also dental practice effluent, are enriched in sewage sludge ash and thus this matrix is useful for the documentation of palladium emission caused by the use of Pd alloys in dental medicine. In sewage sludge ash highest Pd contents of maximum 460 microg Pd kg(-1) were found in the years 1986-1997. In both matrices correlations of Pd content to Pd demand of industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Leopold
- Arbeitsgruppe für Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
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Tsogas GZ, Giokas DL, Vlessidis AG, Evmiridis NP. On the re-assessment of the optimum conditions for the determination of platinum, palladium and rhodium in environmental samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and microwave digestion. Talanta 2008; 76:635-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sutherland RA, Graham Pearson D, Ottley CJ. Grain size partitioning of platinum-group elements in road-deposited sediments: implications for anthropogenic flux estimates from autocatalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 151:503-15. [PMID: 17559994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Twelve road-deposited sediment samples were analyzed for platinum-group elements (PGEs) and Pb in the <63 microm fraction of an urban watershed in Hawaii. Three samples were further fractionated into five size classes, from 63-125 microm to 1000-2000 microm, and these were analyzed for PGEs and Pb. Concentrations in the <63 microm fraction reached 174 microg/kg (Pt), 101 microg/kg (Pd), 16 microg/kg (Rh), and 1.3 microg/kg (Ir). Enrichment ratios followed the sequence Rh>Pt=Pd>Ir. Iridium was geogenic in origin, while the remaining PGEs indicated significant anthropogenic contamination. Palladium, Pt and Rh concentrations and enrichment signals were consistent with PGE bivariate ratios and PGE partitioning in three-way catalysts. Size partitioning indicated that the <63 microm fraction had the lowest PGE concentrations and mass loading percentages. These data suggest that autocatalyst PGE flux estimates into the environment will be significantly underestimated if only a fine grain size fraction is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Sutherland
- University of Hawaii, Geomorphology Laboratory, Department of Geography, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
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Sutherland RA. Platinum-group element concentrations in BCR-723: A quantitative review of published analyses. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 582:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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