1
|
Chan HM, Singh K, Batal M, Marushka L, Tikhonov C, Sadik T, Schwartz H, Ing A, Fediuk K. Levels of metals and persistent organic pollutants in traditional foods consumed by First Nations living on-reserve in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 112:81-96. [PMID: 34181226 PMCID: PMC8239065 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives First Nations may have a higher risk of contaminant exposure from the consumption of traditional foods. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of metals and organochlorines in traditional foods commonly consumed by First Nations in Canada and estimate the risk from dietary exposure. Methods Data were collected from the participatory First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018). Traditional food samples were collected by community members and concentrations of metals and organochlorines were measured. The population-weighted mean daily contaminant intake from traditional food items was estimated. Hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated by dividing contaminant intake with the toxicological reference values (TRVs). Results A total of 2061 food samples (different parts and organs) from 221 species were collected. The highest concentrations of cadmium were found in the kidneys of land mammals: moose kidney was the most significant contributor to intake. The meat of land mammals and birds had the highest lead concentrations and were the most significant contributors to intake. Arsenic was highest in seaweed, and prawn was the most significant contributor. Mercury and methyl mercury were highest in harp seal meat, with walleye/pickerel contributing most to intake. Harp seal meat also had the highest p,p′-DDE and PCB concentrations, and ooligan grease and salmon were the most significant contributors to intake. The percentage of adults eating traditional food who exceeded the TRVs was 1.9% for cadmium, 3.7% for lead, 13.6% for arsenic, 0.7% for mercury, and 0% for p,p′-DDE and PCBs. All median HQs, and most 95th percentile HQs, were less than 1. Conclusion These results can be used as a baseline of contaminant levels and exposure in traditional foods for future monitoring programs and to support risk assessment programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.17269/s41997-021-00495-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Kavita Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.,Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSS du Centre-sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CReSP), 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, QC, H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Lesya Marushka
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Constantine Tikhonov
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tonio Sadik
- Assembly of First Nations, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6L5, Canada
| | - Harold Schwartz
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Ing
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Karen Fediuk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hildebrand J, Thakar S, Watts TL, Banfield L, Thabane L, Macri J, Hill S, Samaan MC. The impact of environmental cadmium exposure on type 2 diabetes risk: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2019; 8:309. [PMID: 31810499 PMCID: PMC6896588 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic, and while its etiology is polygenic, the role of environmental contaminant exposure in T2DM pathogenesis is of increasing importance. However, the evidence presented in systematic reviews on the relationship between cadmium exposure and T2DM development is inconsistent. This overview aims to assess existing evidence from systematic reviews linking cadmium exposure to T2DM and select metabolic disorders in humans. METHODS Searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, GEOBASE, BIOSIS Previews, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers (J.H and S.T.) will independently complete screening, data abstraction, risk of bias evaluation, and quality assessment. The primary outcome will be the association between cadmium exposure and T2DM prevalence. Secondary outcomes will include prediabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We will perform a meta-analysis if two or more studies assess similar populations, utilize analogous methods, have related study designs, and evaluate similar outcomes. DISCUSSION This overview will assess current evidence from systematic reviews for the association between cadmium exposure and risk of T2DM and other metabolic morbidities. This overview may be helpful for policy-makers and healthcare teams aiming to mitigate T2DM risk in populations at risk of cadmium exposure. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019125956.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hildebrand
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Swarni Thakar
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tonya-Leah Watts
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Macri
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Hill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Constantine Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McAuley C, Dersch A, Mouille-Malbeuf S, Koppe B, Sowan D. Cadmium Tissue Concentrations in Kidney, Liver and Muscle in Moose (Alces alces) From First Nations Communities in Northern Alberta. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
4
|
Skibniewski M, Skibniewska EM, Kośla T, Olbrych K. Relationship between Cd and Zn concentration in the kidneys, liver, and muscles of moose (Alces alces) from north-eastern Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:598-604. [PMID: 27743325 PMCID: PMC5219022 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cadmium and zinc content in the kidneys and liver of moose from north-eastern Poland. Animals were divided with respect to their age. The mean concentration of cadmium in the kidneys of moose studied was 11.31 mg kg-1, while in the liver it amounted to 2.68 mg kg-1. Age had a significant effect on the content of cadmium in both organs. In the muscles of most animals studied, the cadmium concentrations were below the detection limit. Elevated concentrations were found in three individuals only. Older animals had over six times higher concentrations of cadmium in both kidneys and liver than younger individuals. The cadmium content in kidneys increased with animals' age while no such relationship was found for zinc. Although older animals had higher mean concentrations of zinc in kidneys, liver, and muscles, the two age groups did not differ significantly. The mean concentration of zinc in the kidneys of moose studied was 38.83 mg kg-1, while in the liver it amounted to 29.03 mg kg-1. The cadmium concentration in the kidneys was significantly correlated with the cadmium concentration in the liver (r = 0.53, p ≤ 0.01) and with the zinc concentration in the kidneys (r = 0.52, p ≤ 0.01). The data obtained within study correspond with analyses results of the organs of healthy moose in Sweden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Skibniewski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa M Skibniewska
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kośla
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Olbrych
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Larter NC, Macdonald CR, Elkin BT, Wang X, Harms NJ, Gamberg M, Muir DCG. Cadmium and other elements in tissues from four ungulate species from the Mackenzie Mountain region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:9-17. [PMID: 27240258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue samples from four ungulate species from the south Mackenzie Mountain region of the Northwest Territories (NT), Canada, were analysed for stable and radioactive elements and (15)N and (13)C stable isotopes. Elevated Cd concentrations in moose (Alces americanus) kidney have been observed in the region and are a health care concern for consumers of traditional foods. This study examined the factors associated with, and potential renal effects from, the accumulation of cadmium, and interactions with other elements in four sympatric ungulate species. Mean renal Cd concentration was highest in moose (48.3mg/kg ww), followed by mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) (13.9mg/kg ww) and mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) (5.78mg/kg ww). No local sources of Cd were evident and the elevated levels in moose are considered to be natural in origin. Conversely, total Hg concentration was significantly higher in mountain caribou kidney (0.21mg/kg ww) than in moose (0.011mg/kg ww). (134)Cs (t½=2.1 y) in mountain goat and Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli) muscle is evidence of deposition from the Fukushima reactor accident in 2011. (137)Cs (t½=30.2 y) in all four ungulates is primarily a remnant of the nuclear weapons tests of the 1960s. The levels of both nuclides are low and the risk to the animals and people consuming them is negligible. Stable isotope δ(15)N and δ(13)C signatures in muscle showed a separation between the mountain caribou, with a lichen-dominated diet, and moose, which browse shrubs and forbs. Isotope signatures for mountain goat and Dall's sheep showed generalist feeding patterns. Differences in elemental and radionuclide levels between species were attributed to relative levels of metal accumulation in the different food items in the diets of the respective species. Kidneys from each species showed minor histological changes in the proximal tubule and glomerulus, although glomerular changes were rare and all changes were rare in mountain goat kidney. Kidney function was not expected to be affected in any species. Provisional Monthly Intake recommendations from the WHO indicate that Cd in moose organs will continue to be a public health care concern. However, traditional foods continue to be an important nutritional component of northern diets, particularly in consideration of the shift towards store-bought food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Larter
- Environment & Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, PO Box 240, Fort Simpson, NT, Canada X0E 0N0
| | - C R Macdonald
- Northern Environmental Consulting & Analysis, PO Box 374, Pinawa, MB, Canada R0E 1L0.
| | - B T Elkin
- Environment & Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, PO Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT, Canada X1A 2L9
| | - X Wang
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1
| | - N J Harms
- Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - M Gamberg
- Gamberg Consulting, Box 10460, Whitehorse, YT, Canada Y1A 7A1
| | - D C G Muir
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bordeleau S, Asselin H, Mazerolle MJ, Imbeau L. "Is it still safe to eat traditional food?" Addressing traditional food safety concerns in aboriginal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:529-538. [PMID: 27196990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity is a growing concern for indigenous communities worldwide. While the risk of heavy metal contamination associated to wild food consumption has been extensively studied in the Arctic, data are scarce for the Boreal zone. This study addressed the concerns over possible heavy metal exposure through consumption of traditional food in four Anishnaabeg communities living in the Eastern North American boreal forest. Liver and meat samples were obtained from 196 snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) trapped during winter 2012 across the traditional lands of the participating communities and within 56-156km of a copper smelter. Interviews were conducted with 78 household heads to assess traditional food habits, focusing on snowshoe hare consumption. Concentrations in most meat and liver samples were below the detection limit for As, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb. Very few meat samples had detectable Cd and Hg concentrations, but liver samples had mean dry weight concentrations of 3.79mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg respectively. Distance and orientation from the smelter did not explain the variability between samples, but percent deciduous and mixed forest cover had a marginal negative effect on liver Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations. The estimated exposition risk from snowshoe hare consumption was low, although heavy consumers could slightly exceed recommended Hg doses. In accordance with the holistic perspective commonly adopted by indigenous people, the nutritional and sociocultural importance of traditional food must be considered in risk assessment. Traditional food plays a significant role in reducing and preventing serious health issues disproportionately affecting First Nations, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Bordeleau
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Foresterie Autochtone, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada; Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
| | - Hugo Asselin
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Foresterie Autochtone, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada; Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
| | - Louis Imbeau
- Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Charania NA, Tsuji LJS, Martin ID, Liberda EN, Coté S, Ayotte P, Dewailly E, Nieboer E. An examination of traditional foods and cigarette smoking as cadmium sources among the nine First Nations of Eeyou Istchee, Northern Quebec, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1422-1433. [PMID: 24781002 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a nonessential toxic metal present in the environment, accumulates in the organs of herbivorous mammals which typically are consumed by Aboriginal populations. The relative contribution of this potential exposure source to concentrations of blood Cd was investigated in 1429 participants (age >7 years) residing in the nine Cree First Nations communities of Eeyou Istchee, northern Quebec, Canada. Analysis of variance identified significant Cd concentration differences between communities, sex, and age groups, although these were complicated by significant 2-way interactions. The percentage of participants with Cd concentrations within the adopted health-based guideline categories of 'acceptable', 'concern' and 'action' pertaining to kidney damage was 56.2%, 38.3%, and 5.5%, respectively. Partial correlations (controlling for age as a continuous variable) did not show a significant association between consumption of traditional foods and Cd concentrations (r = 0.014, df = 105, p = 0.883). A significant and positive partial correlation (r = 0.390, df = 105, p < 0.001) was observed between Cd concentrations and number of cigarettes smoked daily. Analysis of covariance (with mean daily organ meat consumption over the year as a covariate) confirmed that smokers had significantly higher levels of blood Cd than non-smokers (F1,1109 = 1918.2, p < 0.001), and that traditional food consumption was not a good predictor of Cd exposure. Our findings suggest that consumption of traditional foods should not be restricted in Eeyou Istchee for fear of increased Cd exposure risk. Further studies of smoking prevalence among the Cree First Nations and additional public health initiatives to reduce smoking are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Charania
- Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li JL, Jiang CY, Li S, Xu SW. Cadmium induced hepatotoxicity in chickens (Gallus domesticus) and ameliorative effect by selenium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 96:103-109. [PMID: 23906702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metal compounds released into the environment. It was well known that Cd induced hepatotoxicity in animal models. However, little is known about the negative effects of Cd toxicity in the liver of birds. To investigate the Cd hepatotoxicity in birds and the protective effects of selenium (Se) against subchronic exposure to dietary Cd, 100-day-old cocks received either Se (as 10mg Na2SeO3 per kg of diet), Cd (as 150mg CdCl2 per kg of diet) or Cd+Se in their diets for 60 days. Histological and ultrastructural changes in the liver, the concentrations of Cd and Se, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) production, the activities of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities and apoptosis were determined. Exposure to Cd significantly reduced SOD and GPx activity, Se content in the liver tissue. It increased the LPO and NO production, the numbers of apoptotic cells and Cd concentration and caused obvious histopathological changes in the liver. Concurrent treatment with Se reduced the Cd-induced liver histopathological changes, oxidative stress, overexpression of NO and apoptosis, suggesting that the toxic effects of Cd on the liver is partly ameliorated by inorganic Se. Se supplementation also modified the distribution of Cd in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marettová E, Maretta M, Legáth J, Košutzká E. The retention of cadmium and selenium influence in fowl and chickens of F1 generation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:130-4. [PMID: 22201045 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The retention of cadmium and selenium influence on Cd retention in the muscle, liver and kidneys of hens, chickens and in eggs was studied. Cadmium (Cd) as cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) and selenium (Se) as sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)) were added to feed at dosages: group 0-control, group 1-20 mg/kg Cd, group 2-30 mg/kg Cd + 4 mg/kg Se. The birds were exposed to Cd for 8 weeks. Cadmium level in hens and cocks was found highest in the kidneys, followed by the liver and muscle. Se supplementation resulted in Cd increase in the muscle tissue and in the reduction of Cd content in the liver and in significant decrease in the kidneys (p < 0.05). A higher Cd level in the yolk and lower in the white was noted in both experimental groups. Nonsignificant increase of Cd in eggs was noted in experimental groups with Se supplementation. Level of cadmium in organs of 7-day-old chicks hatched from Cd-treated hens in both experimental groups was low but the tendency to accumulate preferentially the Cd in the liver and kidneys was recorded. Supplementation of selenium in hens and cocks was not reflected in the decrease of Cd in these two organs of F(1) chickens but was reflected in increase in the muscle. In spite of relatively high Cd levels in the organs of layers no layer-egg-chickens transfer was observed. It was confirm that kidneys and liver are organs more attacked by dietary cadmium than muscle. Supplementation of low dose of Se resulted in decrease of cadmium deposition in analyzed organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Marettová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, UVLF, Košice, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Satarug S, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Sens DA. Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2011; 16:2587-602. [PMID: 21655733 PMCID: PMC5967636 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to cadmium in food. Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of persons with elevated dietary exposure, and the findings have been strengthened by the substantial amounts of cadmium accumulated in kidneys, eyes, and other tissues and organs of environmentally exposed individuals. We hypothesized that such accumulation results from the efficient absorption and systemic transport of cadmium, employing multiple transporters that are used for the body's acquisition of calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese. Adverse effects of cadmium on kidney and bone have been observed in environmentally exposed populations at frequencies higher than those predicted from models of exposure. Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Satarug S, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Sens DA. Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:182-90. [PMID: 20123617 PMCID: PMC2831915 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to cadmium in food. DATA SOURCES We reviewed epidemiologic studies published between 2004 and 2009 concerning the bioavailability of cadmium in food, assessment of exposure, and body burden estimate, along with exposure-related effects in nonoccupationally exposed populations. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of persons with elevated dietary exposure, and the findings have been strengthened by the substantial amounts of cadmium accumulated in kidneys, eyes, and other tissues and organs of environmentally exposed individuals. We hypothesized that such accumulation results from the efficient absorption and systemic transport of cadmium, employing multiple transporters that are used for the body's acquisition of calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese. Adverse effects of cadmium on kidney and bone have been observed in environmentally exposed populations at frequencies higher than those predicted from models of exposure. Increasing evidence implicates cadmium in the risk of diseases that involve other tissues and organ systems at cadmium concentrations that do not produce effects on bone or renal function. CONCLUSIONS Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Danielsson R, Frank A. Cadmium in moose kidney and liver--age and gender dependency, and standardisation for environmental monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 157:73-88. [PMID: 18758976 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the northern hemisphere moose has been found to be suitable as a monitoring animal for the presence of cadmium in the environment. The metal accumulates mainly in the kidney and the liver, with the rate of accumulation dependent on age and possibly also on gender. Collection of tissue material often results in sample selections with disparate age and gender composition, which makes comparison between different regions and different studies difficult. A previous large scale investigation of metals in kidney and liver from moose in Sweden provided Cd data (n = 3,817 and 3,802, respectively) to further explore the relation between Cd accumulation and age/gender. Based on local averages, the individual deviations were analysed with respect to the factors age and gender resulting in an 'ageing function' for each gender and organ. In addition, estimates of the pure individual variations were obtained; the standard deviations correspond to a factor 1.7-1.9 for the Cd concentration, which indicates that 25-30 samples are needed to give a representative mean value (with RSD approximately 10%). In order to be able to compare results from different studies, all individual results can be transformed to represent a 'standard moose' with respect to age and gender. A comparison along these lines was undertaken between Cd levels in Alaska and Sweden. Finally, a relationship between the Cd levels in kidney and liver was derived, providing at least rough estimates for kidney from liver values (or vice versa).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Danielsson
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nriagu J, Boughanen M, Linder A, Howe A, Grant C, Rattray R, Vutchkov M, Lalor G. Levels of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Se and Zn in bovine kidneys and livers in Jamaica. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:564-571. [PMID: 18555527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Paired liver and kidney samples from 100 free-range cattle in different parts of Jamaica were analyzed for essential and non-essential trace elements. We found significant enrichment of elements in the kidney (K) compared to the liver (L) with the K/L concentration ratios being 5.2 for Cd, 4.1 for Pb, 3.5 for Se and 2.1 for As, but the Cu contents of the kidney were significantly higher with the K/L ratio of 0.45. A large number of kidney and liver samples showed Cu concentrations in the ranges that were associated with deficiency effects in mammals. About 15% of the hepatic samples had Zn concentrations below 20 microg/g, suggesting that there might be zinc insufficiency in some of the animals. Positive associations were found between the metals in both the kidney and liver. On average, the intake of Cd from consumption of both bovine kidney and liver from the island was estimated to be 5.2 microg/day, equivalent to about 7% of the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), although anyone who habitually consumed the few kidneys or livers with >40 microg/g cadmium may be at some risk of exceeding the PTDI. The consumption of offal from local animals did not appear to be an important dietary source of any of the essential microelements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lazarus M, Orct T, Blanusa M, Vickovic I, Sostarić B. Toxic and essential metal concentrations in four tissues of red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Baranja, Croatia. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:270-83. [PMID: 17852398 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701364923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidney (n = 297), liver (n = 52), jawbone (n = 80) and muscle (n = 48) samples collected from red deer (Cervus elaphus) from north-eastern Croatia in the 2002--05 hunting season were analysed for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) using atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical evaluation of results showed age-related accumulations of renal cortex Cd and Zn, bone Pb, and muscle Zn. Renal cortex Cd and Zn were significantly associated. In addition, concentrations of Cd and Pb in muscle tissue were significantly correlated with Fe content. Found levels of toxic metals were not likely to affect the health status of animals. A total of 49% of the muscle, 60% of the kidney and 6% of the liver samples were unsuitable for human consumption according to Croatian regulations for Cd in food. However, the calculated intake of Cd through deer meat consumption is small and represents no health risk when consumption is moderate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lazarus
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|