1
|
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Silver Fir Needles in Swietokrzyski National Park. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cdem-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The article demonstrates the results of the research studies related to the air polluted with heavy metals in the area of Swietokrzyski National Park. The two-year-old needles of Abies alba (Mill) were used as the bioindicator with the intention of carrying out the research. The studies were conducted in the autumn of 2012. The results showed the spatial variability of concentrations in the range of the analysed metal deposition patterns in the needles of Abies alba (Mill). The average content of the analysed elements seemed to be the highest in the case of zinc (26.6 mg·kg−1 d.m.), strontium (6.5 mg·kg−1 d.m.) and nickel (1.6 mg·kg−1 d.m.). The research studies revealed that the significant role in determining the content of heavy metals in the two-year-old needles was played by the communication. The highest values were recorded at the research sites situated in the immediate neighbourhood of the voivodeship roads. It was also confirmed that the content of metals was influenced by the so-called low emission from the household and welfare sector together with the remote imission.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan X, Zhao W, Yang X, Liu C, Zhou Y. Input-output balance of cadmium in typical agriculture soils with historical sewage irrigation in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111298. [PMID: 32937235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The gradual increase of cadmium (Cd) in soils has caused environmental and health risk, and it's important to study the accumulation trend to evoke the awareness of farmland safety management. This research during the period of March in 2017-2018 evaluated the input (irrigation, atmospheric deposition, fertilizer and pesticide application) and the output (runoff and seepage, grain and straw uptake) of Cd in contaminated farmland irrigated with sewage water in Hebei Province. The experimental results indicated sewage irrigation (51.03%), and atmospheric deposition (46.35%) were the main input pathways; Grain uptake (42.72%) and straw removal (50.71%) played a major role in output fluxes. The input-output balance (net transport fluxes) of Cd in the farmland were estimated to be +3621.68 ~ +8899.78 mg·(ha·yr)-1 under different conditions (sewage irrigation with straw returning/straw removal, clean water irrigation with straw returning/straw removal), representing there was a Cd inputting in the farmland during the study. Even in the case of the lowest net transport fluxes, the annual increase of Cd concentration in soils reached to 0.0014 mg/kg. Therefore, it's necessary to take action that cutting off those pathway inputs into farmland ecosystems, such as monitoring the water quality of irrigation water sources, applying fertilizer and pesticide properly. Furthermore, attentions need to be paid to the Cd input into the farmland and environmental risks that may arise while returning straw to the field for improving soil fertility and crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Wenchu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Chuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richardson JB. Urban forests near municipal solid waste incinerators do not show elevated trace metal or rare earth element concentrations across three cities in the northeast USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21790-21803. [PMID: 32281062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the World Bank estimating global municipal solid waste MSW to increase to 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) needs to be considered as part of sustainable waste management. In spite of major advancements in air pollution control systems and emission regulations, emissions of trace metals (TMs) (As, Cd, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, W, Zn) and rare earth elements (REEs) (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb) may occur. Here, leaves, wood, forest floor, and A horizons in urban forests were assessed to determine if TM and REE concentrations show enrichment near MSWI relative to other urban areas for three cities in the northeastern USA. Vegetation and soil concentrations measured were generally comparable to concentrations observed in previous studies in non-urban sites. Overall, higher TM and REE in forest floor, A horizons, leaves, and wood were not observed consistently for MSWI sites when compared to city sites. Although pooled forest floor Ni and V and A horizon La and Nd concentrations were significantly different, they were not consistent but driven by a large difference at one of the three cities. This indirect study suggests air pollution control systems have prevented or have reduced TM and REE emissions to local urban forests to negligible amounts. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential interferences from other urban air pollution sources, and conduct direct emission measurements to validate MSWIs are not emitting TMs and REEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Richardson
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye L, Huang M, Zhong B, Wang X, Tu Q, Sun H, Wang C, Wu L, Chang M. Wet and dry deposition fluxes of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta Region (China): Characteristics, ecological risk assessment, and source apportionment. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:106-123. [PMID: 30037397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric deposition of heavy metals poses serious risks to the ecological system and human health. To advance our knowledge of atmospheric dry/wet heavy metal deposition in the PRD region, monthly fluxes were examined based on soluble/insoluble fractions of five heavy metal elements (Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn) in samples collected from January 2014 to December 2015 at Guangzhou (urban) and Dinghushan (suburban) sites. The ratios of wet/dry deposition fluxes indicated that heavy metal deposition was governed by wet deposition rather than dry deposition in the PRD region. Affected by the shifting of the Asian monsoon, wet deposition fluxes exhibited significant seasonal variation between summer monsoon seasons (April to September) and winter monsoon seasons (October to February) in this region. Cd was classified as an extremely strong potential ecological risk based on solubility and the Hakanson ecological risk index. Source contributions to wet deposition were calculated by PMF, suggesting that dust, biomass burning, industries, vehicles, long-range transport and marine aerosol sources in Guangzhou, and Zn fertilizers, marine aerosol sources, agriculture, incense burning, biomass burning, vehicles and the ceramics industry in Dinghushan, were the potential sources of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyumeng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minjuan Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Buqing Zhong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qiulan Tu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Luolin Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xia X, Yang Z, Li G, Yu T, Hou Q, Mutelo AM. Practicability of monitoring soil Cd, Hg, and Pb pollution based on a geochemical survey in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:217-224. [PMID: 28081505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Repeated visiting, i.e., sampling and analysis at two or more temporal points, is one of the important ways of monitoring soil heavy metal contamination. However, with the concern about the cost, determination of the number of samples and the temporal interval, and their capability to detect a certain change is a key technical problem to be solved. This depends on the spatial variation of the parameters in the monitoring units. The "National Multi-Purpose Regional Geochemical Survey" (NMPRGS) project in China, acquired the spatial distribution of heavy metals using a high density sampling method in the most arable regions in China. Based on soil Cd, Hg, and Pb data and taking administrative regions as the monitoring units, the number of samples and temporal intervals that may be used for monitoring soil heavy metal contamination were determined. It was found that there is a large variety of spatial variation of the elements in each NMPRGS region. This results in the difficulty in the determination of the minimum detectable changes (MDC), the number of samples, and temporal intervals for revisiting. This paper recommends a suitable set of the number of samples (nr) for each region under the balance of cost, practicability, and monitoring precision. Under nr, MDC values are acceptable for all the regions, and the minimum temporal intervals are practical with the range of 3.3-13.3 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Xia
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongfang Yang
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Key Laboratory of Ecological Geochemistry, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guocheng Li
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingye Hou
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Admire Muchimamui Mutelo
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karavoltsos S, Fotiadis F, Michopoulos P, Sakellari A, Plavšić M, Bourletsikas A, Kaoukis K, Thomaidis NS, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M. Organic complexation of copper in throughfall and open field bulk deposition: Influence of the tree canopy of Mediterranean forest ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:28-35. [PMID: 27705810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexing capacity for Cu ions (LT) and the apparent stability constant values (logKapp) were measured in throughfall (TF) and open field bulk deposition (BD), at two Mediterranean forest ecosystems of western Greece. LT was measured for the first time in the TF of natural forests. Concentrations of LT were three-to-four-fold higher in TF (mean ± st.dev: 2014 ± 769 nM for Varetada and 1565 ± 595 nM for Karpenissi) compared to those in BD (531 ± 517 nM and 468 ± 321 nM, respectively). In all TF and BD samples, LT concentrations were significantly higher than the corresponding total Cu concentrations, indicating that Cu was fully complexed. The LT/TOC ratios in TF were found comparable between the two study sites (235 ± 149 nM mg-1 C for Varetada and 256 ± 233 nM mg-1 C for Karpenissi) and with those of BD (226 ± 257 and 163 ± 163 nM mg-1 C, respectively). The determined mean logKapp values were almost identical in TF (6.8 ± 0.7 at Varetada; 6.8 ± 0.6 at Karpenissi) and BD (6.5 ± 0.6 at Varetada; 6.8 ± 0.3 at Karpenissi), pointing to the fact that regardless of the enrichment of TF in ligands (LT(TF) > LT(BD)) the type of binding sites remain the same. The logKapp values which were obtained herewith are similar to those obtained for humic-like substances (HULIS), indicating them as the most widespread type of ligands in BD and TF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Karavoltsos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
| | - Fotios Fotiadis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Michopoulos
- H.A.O. DEMETER, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Sakellari
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Marta Plavšić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Athanassios Bourletsikas
- H.A.O. DEMETER, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Kaoukis
- H.A.O. DEMETER, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Manos Dassenakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Scoullos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong C, Yang Z, Jiang W, Hu B, Hou Q, Yu T, Li J. Ecological geochemical assessment and source identification of trace elements in atmospheric deposition of an emerging industrial area: Beibu Gulf economic zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1519-1526. [PMID: 27528485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have led to a deterioration in air quality and provoked some serious environmental concerns. Fifty-four samples of atmospheric deposition were collected from an emerging industrial area and analyzed to determine the concentrations of 11 trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, S and Zn). Multivariate geostatistical analyses were conducted to determine the spatial distribution, possible sources and enrichment degrees of trace elements in atmospheric deposition. Results indicate that As, Fe and Mo mainly originated from soil, their natural parent materials, while the remaining trace elements were strongly influenced by anthropogenic or natural activities, such as coal combustion in coal-fired power plants (Pb, Se and S), manganese ore (Mn, Cd and Hg) and metal smelting (Cu and Zn). The results of ecological geochemical assessment indicate that Cd, Pb and Zn are the elements of priority concern, followed by Mn and Cu, and other heavy metals, which represent little threat to local environment. It was determine that the resuspension of soil particles impacted the behavior of heavy metals by 55.3%; the impact of the coal-fired power plants was 18.9%; and the contribution of the local manganese industry was 9.6%. The comparison of consequences from various statistical methods (principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), enrichment factor (EF) and absolute principle component score (APCS)-multiple linear regression (MLR)) confirmed the credibility of this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resource Use in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education, China, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhongfang Yang
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resource Use in Beibu Gulf (Guangxi Teachers Education University), Ministry of Education, China, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qingye Hou
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangxi Geological Survey, Nanning 530023, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kargar M, Clark OG, Hendershot WH, Jutras P, Prasher SO. Bioavailability of Sodium and Trace Metals under Direct and Indirect Effects of Compost in Urban Soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:1003-1012. [PMID: 27136168 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.07.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of urban soil with sodium (Na) and trace metals can be one of the major concerns for groundwater contamination and street tree health. The bioavailability of Na, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in urban soil amended with 0, 5, and 10% w/w compost was evaluated at none, medium, and high contamination levels of soil mixtures. The relationship between soil properties, compost addition, contamination level and metal uptake by barley ( L.) was determined using multivariate linear regression and path analysis. The results indicated the direct negative effect of compost on metal absorption possibly through specific complexation for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Compost can also affect the absorption of Na and Cd indirectly by means of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH. The degree of soil contamination with metals can affect the competition of cations for the complexing sites of the soil mixtures and, therefore, can induce changes in metal availability for plants. Compost addition to the soil also increased nutrient availability, except for ammonium (NH) and nitrate (NO). We concluded that in the short term, the addition of compost significantly reduced metal bioavailability and improved nutrient availability. However, more studies are required to monitor the long-term ability of the compost to reduce Na and trace metal bioavailability in urban soil.
Collapse
|
9
|
Qiu M, Li F, Wang Q, Chen J, Yang G, Liu L. Driving forces of heavy metal changes in agricultural soils in a typical manufacturing center. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:239. [PMID: 25861902 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations in 2002 and 2012 in agricultural soils in Dongguan, a manufacturing center in southern China, were analyzed to determine the impact of rapid economic development on soil pollution. The level of pollution was assessed using the Nemerow synthetic pollution index (NPI), and its changing characteristics and driving forces were analyzed using multivariate statistical and geostatistical methods. The results indicate that the mean NPI was 0.79 in 2002 and 0.84 in 2012, which indicates aggravated heavy metal contamination in the agricultural soils. The concentrations of Cd and Zn increased 54.7 and 20.8 %, respectively, whereas Hg and Pb decreased 35.3 and 24.5 %, respectively. Cr, As, Cu, and Ni remained relatively stable. The Hg and Cd concentrations were highly correlated with soil types (P < 0.01), the secondary industrial output per unit of land (P < 0.01), proportion of cereal fields (P < 0.01), proportion of vegetable fields (P < 0.01), population density (P < 0.05), and road density (P < 0.05). The Pb and As concentrations were greatly influenced by soil types (P < 0.01), river density (P < 0.01), fertilizer rate (P < 0.01), and road density (P < 0.05). Cr, Zn, Cu, and Ni concentrations were primarily driven by soil types (P < 0.01), river density (P < 0.01), and fertilizer rate (P < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Qiu
- Department of Land Resources Management, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stromsoe N, Marx SK, McGowan HA, Callow N, Heijnis H, Zawadzki A. A landscape-scale approach to examining the fate of atmospherically derived industrial metals in the surficial environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:962-980. [PMID: 25461097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial metals are now ubiquitous within the atmosphere and their deposition represents a potential source of contamination to surficial environments. Few studies, however, have examined the environmental fate of atmospheric industrial metals within different surface environments. In this study, patterns of accumulation of atmospherically transported industrial metals were investigated within the surface environments of the Snowy Mountains, Australia. Metals, including Pb, Sb, Cr and Mo, were enriched in aerosols collected in the Snowy Mountains by 3.5-50 times pre-industrial concentrations. In sedimentary environments (soils, lakes and reservoirs) metals showed varying degrees of enrichment. Differences were attributed to the relative degree of atmospheric input, metal sensitivity to enrichment, catchment area and metal behaviour following deposition. In settings where atmospheric deposition dominated (ombrotrophic peat mires in the upper parts of catchments), metal enrichment patterns most closely resembled those in collected aerosols. However, even in these environments significant dilution (by 5-7 times) occurred. The most sensitive industrial metals (those with the lowest natural concentration; Cd, Ag, Sb and Mo) were enriched throughout the studied environments. However, in alpine tarn-lakes no other metals were enriched, due to the dilution of pollutant-metals by catchment derived sediment. In reservoirs, which were located lower within catchments, industrial metals exhibited more complex patterns. Particle reactive metals (e.g. Pb) displayed little enrichment, implying that they were retained up catchment, whereas more soluble metals (e.g., Cu and Zn) showed evidence of concentration. These same metals (Cu and Zn) were depleted in soils, implying that they are preferentially transported through catchments. Enrichment of other metals (e.g. Cd) varied between reservoirs as a function of contributing catchment area. Overall this study showed that the fate of atmospherically derived metals is complex, and depends upon metal behaviour and geomorphic processes operating at landscape scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Stromsoe
- Climate Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Samuel K Marx
- GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Hamish A McGowan
- Climate Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nikolaus Callow
- Environmental Dynamics and Ecohydrology, School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Henk Heijnis
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Atun Zawadzki
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nakazato RK, Rinaldi MCS, Domingos M. Will technological modernization for power generation at an oil refinery diminish the risks from air pollution to the Atlantic Rainforest in Cubatão, SE Brazil? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:489-496. [PMID: 24908362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the level of atmospheric contamination by S, N and metals before, during and after the installation of a new thermoelectric plant that provides power to an oil refinery in Cubatão, SE Brazil. We measured the foliar accumulation in Lolium multiflorum "Lema" with the aim of evaluating risks to the Atlantic Rainforest that grows in the region. Al, Co, Cr, Cu, K, N, Ni, S, V and Zn were appropriate markers of the new air contamination profile associated with the modern technology. With the exception of V, the leaf contents of these elements significantly increased between the pre-operation to post-operation phases (Al, Co, N, K, S), or only during the transition phase (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni), and returned to the previous levels after the total shutdown of the old system. Therefore, the expected environmental gain was not achieved with the installation of the new technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo K Nakazato
- Instituto de Botânica, Post-Graduate Program in Plant Biodiversity and Environment, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian C S Rinaldi
- Instituto de Botânica, Research Center in Ecology, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Research Center in Ecology, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhong C, Yang Z, Jiang W, Yu T, Hou Q, Li D, Wang J. Annual input fluxes and source identification of trace elements in atmospheric deposition in Shanxi Basin: the largest coal base in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12305-12315. [PMID: 24929552 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have led to a great deterioration of air quality and provoked some serious environmental concerns. One hundred and five samples of atmospheric deposition were analyzed for their concentrations of 13 trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Al, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, and Zn) in Shanxi Basin, which includes six isolate basins. The input fluxes of the trace elements in atmospheric deposition were observed and evaluated. Geostatistical analysis (EF, PCA, and CA ) were conducted to determine the spatial distribution, possible sources, and enrichment degrees of trace elements in atmospheric deposition. Fe/Al and K/Al also contribute to identify the sources of atmospheric deposition. The distribution of trace elements in atmospheric deposition was proved to be geographically restricted. The results show that As, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Se mainly come from coal combustion. Fe, Cu, Mn, Hg, and Co originate mainly from interactions between local polluted soils and blowing dust from other places, while the main source of Al, Cr, and Mo are the soil parent materials without pollution. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce trace elements, especially toxic elements, from atmospheric deposition. Some exploratory analytical methods applied in this work are also worth considering in similar researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhong
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Agnan Y, Séjalon-Delmas N, Probst A. Origin and distribution of rare earth elements in various lichen and moss species over the last century in France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:1-12. [PMID: 24751590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are known to be powerful environmental tracers in natural biogeochemical compartments. In this study, the atmospheric deposition of REE was investigated using various lichens and mosses as well as herbarium samples from 1870 to 1998 from six major forested areas in France. The comparison between the REE distribution patterns in organisms and bedrocks showed a regional uniformity influence from dust particles originating from the bedrock and/or soil weathering that were entrapped by lichens and mosses. These lithological signatures were consistent over the last century. The REE patterns of different organism species allowed minor influence of the species to be highlighted compared to the regional lithology. This was even true where the morphological features played a role in the bioaccumulation levels, which were related to the variable efficiency in trapping atmospheric dust particles. A comparison between REE profiles in the organisms and bark indicated a lack of influence of the substrate on lichen REE content. Lichens and mosses appear to be robust passive monitors of REE atmospheric deposition over decades because the mineral data was preserved in herbarium samples despite organic degradation being shown by carbon isotopes and SEM observations. To overcome the bias of REE concentration that resulted from organic degradation, the use of a normalized method is recommended to interpret the historical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Agnan
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - N Séjalon-Delmas
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Probst
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang W, Hou Q, Yang Z, Yu T, Zhong C, Yang Y, Fu Y. Annual input fluxes of heavy metals in agricultural soil of Hainan Island, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7876-7885. [PMID: 24643385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in farmland has become an important issue related to food security and environmental risk. The annual inputs of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) to agricultural soil for a full year in Hainan Island have been studied. Three fluxes through the cultivated horizon were considered: (1) atmospheric depositions, (2) fertilization, and (3) irrigation water. The corresponding samples were collected and analyzed on a large regional scale. The total input fluxes show obvious spatial variability among different regions. The inventory of heavy metal inputs to agricultural land demonstrates that agricultural soil is potentially at risk of heavy metal accumulation from irrigation water. The potential at risk of heavy metal accumulation from atmospheric deposition and fertilizer is relatively low compared to irrigation. The results indicate that Hg is the element of prior concern for agricultural soil, followed by Cd and As, and other heavy metal elements represent little threat to the environment in the study area. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce toxic elements accumulated in agricultural soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gandois L, Probst A. Localisation and mobility of trace metal in silver fir needles. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:204-10. [PMID: 22221667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals (TM: Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) as well as Al, Mn, and Fe content was measured in needles of a remote silver fir stand in the south of France. TM localisation and behaviour in needles was evaluated by measuring total and internal content of needles of different ages. Measured concentrations fell within background values. Al, Fe, Co, and Pb were trapped in wax following atmospheric particulate deposition. Contrasting accumulation and migration behaviours of the different elements studied were observed. The wax contained less than 10% Mn, Al, Ni, Co, and Zn and 15-45% Fe, Cu, and Cd in the young needles. Lead was mostly located in the wax (50-80%), and this proportion decreased with needle age. Only the internal content of Pb and Fe increased significantly with needle age. Finally, due to atmospheric deposition accumulation, higher input fluxes of Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb can be expected in forest soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gandois
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|