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Karpov MA, Hobbs C, Jayasinghe SN, Stürzenbaum SR. Metallomic mapping of gut and brain in heavy metal exposed earthworms: A novel paradigm in ecotoxicology. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149827. [PMID: 38554600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the uptake of lead in the epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta exposed to 0, 1000, and 2500 μg Pb/g soil. The soil metal content was extracted using strong acid digestion and water leaching, and analysed by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to estimate absolute and bioavailable concentrations of metals in the soil. The guts and heads of lead-exposed earthworms were processed into formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded sections for high-resolution multi-element metallomic imaging via Laser Ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS). Metallomic maps of phosphorus, zinc, and lead were produced at 15-μm resolution in the head and gut of D. veneta. Additional 4-μm resolution metallomic maps of the earthworm brains were taken, revealing the detailed localisation of metals in the brain. The Pb bioaccumulated in the chloragogenous tissues of the earthworm in a dose-dependent manner, making it possible to track the extent of soil contamination. The bioaccumulation of P and Zn in earthworm tissues was independent of Pb exposure concentration. This approach demonstrates the utility of LA-ICP-MS as a powerful approach for ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Karpov
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Sensory Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suwan N Jayasinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BioPhysics Group, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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2
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Courtois P, Rorat A, Lemiere S, Guyoneaud R, Attard E, Longepierre M, Rigal F, Levard C, Chaurand P, Grosser A, Grobelak A, Kacprzak M, Lors C, Richaume A, Vandenbulcke F. Medium-term effects of Ag supplied directly or via sewage sludge to an agricultural soil on Eisenia fetida earthworm and soil microbial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128761. [PMID: 33168285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products that release Ag throughout their life cycle has raised potential environmental concerns. AgNPs primarily accumulate in soil through the spreading of sewage sludge (SS). In this study, the effects of direct exposure to AgNPs or indirect exposure via SS contaminated with AgNPs on the earthworm Eisenia fetida and soil microbial communities were compared, through 3 scenarios offering increasing exposure concentrations. The effects of Ag speciation were analyzed by spiking SS with AgNPs or AgNO3 before application to soil. SS treatment strongly impacted Ag speciation due to the formation of Ag2S species that remained sulfided after mixing in the soil. The life traits and expression of lysenin, superoxide dismutase, cd-metallothionein genes in earthworms were not impacted by Ag after 5 weeks of exposure, but direct exposure to Ag without SS led to bioaccumulation of Ag, suggesting transfer in the food chain. Ag exposure led to a decrease in potential carbon respiration only when directly added to the soil. The addition of SS had a greater effect on soil microbial diversity than the form of Ag, and the formation of Ag sulfides in SS reduced the impact of AgNPs on E. fetida and soil microorganisms compared with direct addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Courtois
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR IPREM 5254, Environmental Microbiology, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Eléonore Attard
- Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR IPREM 5254, Environmental Microbiology, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Manon Longepierre
- Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR IPREM 5254, Environmental Microbiology, 64000, Pau, France
| | - François Rigal
- Azorean Biodiversity Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Departamento de Ciencias Agráriase Engenharia Do Ambiente, Universidade Dos Açores, PT-9700-042, Angra Do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Anna Grosser
- Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kacprzak
- Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Christine Lors
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Agnès Richaume
- LEM, Laboratoire D'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
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3
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Audusseau H, Vandenbulcke F, Dume C, Deschins V, Pauwels M, Gigon A, Bagard M, Dupont L. Impacts of metallic trace elements on an earthworm community in an urban wasteland: Emphasis on the bioaccumulation and genetic characteristics in Lumbricus castaneus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137259. [PMID: 32105923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallic trace elements (MTEs) soil pollution has become a worldwide concern, particularly regarding its impact on earthworms. Earthworms, which constitute the dominant taxon of soil macrofauna in temperate regions and are crucial ecosystem engineers, are in direct contact with MTEs. The impacts of MTE exposure on earthworms, however, vary by species, with some able to cope with high levels of contamination. We combined different approaches to study the effects of MTEs at different levels of biological organisation of an earthworm community, in a contaminated urban wasteland. Our work is based on field collection of soil and earthworm samples, with a total of 891 adult earthworms from 8 species collected, over 87 quadrats across the study plot. We found that MTE concentrations are highly structured at the plot scale and that some elements, such as Pb, Zn, and Cu, are highly correlated. Comparing species assemblage to MTE concentrations, we found that the juvenile and adult abundances, and community composition, were significantly affected by pollution. Along the pollution gradient, as species richness decreased, Lumbricus castaneus became more dominant. We thus investigated the physiological response of this species to a set of specific elements (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and studied the impacts of MTE concentrations at the plot scale on its population genetic. These analyses revealed that L. castaneus is able to bioaccumulate high quantities of Cd and Zn, but not of Cu and Pb. The population genetic analysis, based on the genotyping of 175 individuals using 8 microsatellite markers, provided no evidence of the role of the heterogeneity in MTE concentrations as a barrier to gene flow. The multidisciplinary approach we used enabled us to reveal the comparatively high tolerance of L. castaneus to MTE concentrations, suggesting that this is a promising model to study the molecular bases of MTE tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Audusseau
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, EA 4515-LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cassandre Dume
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France; Université de Lille, EA 4515-LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Valentin Deschins
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maxime Pauwels
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Unité Evolution-Ecologie-Paléontologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Agnès Gigon
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Matthieu Bagard
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Lise Dupont
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
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Di Carlo E, Boullemant A, Poynton H, Courtney R. Exposure of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to bauxite residue: Implications for future rehabilitation programmes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137126. [PMID: 32059318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bauxite residue is typically alkaline, has high sodium content and elevated concentrations of trace elements. Effective rehabilitation strategies are needed to mitigate potential environmental risks from its disposal and storage. Increasingly, the importance of viable soil faunal populations as well as establishment of vegetation covers is recognized as key components of successful rehabilitation. Inoculation with earthworms is a strategy for accelerating mine site rehabilitation, but little is known on the effects of bauxite residue properties on earthworm survival and viability. In the current study, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed for 28 days to a series of bauxite residue/soil treatments (0, 10, 25, 35, 50, 75 and 100% residue) to evaluate possible toxic effects on earthworms, investigate the bioavailability of relevant elements (e.g. As, Cr, V), and assess the risk of element transfer. Results showed that soil containing ≥25% residue (pH ≥ 9.8; ESP ≥ 18.5%; extractable Na ≥ 1122 mg/kg) significantly impacted survival (mortality ≥28%) and reproduction (cocoon production inhibition ≥76%) of the exposed earthworms. Alkalinity, sodicity and bioavailable Na were identified as major factors causing toxicity and some earthworms were observed to adopt compensative response (i.e. swollen body) to cope with osmotic stress. Conversely, soil containing 10% residue (pH = 9.1; ESP = 9.2%; extractable Na = 472 mg/kg) did not elicit significant toxicity at the organism level, but biomarker analysis (i.e. superoxide dismutase and catalase) in earthworm coelomocytes showed an oxidative stress. Furthermore, earthworms exposed to soil containing ≥10% residue took up and accumulated elevated concentrations of Al, As, Cr and V in comparison to the control earthworms. We concluded that earthworm inoculation could be used in future rehabilitation programmes once the key parameters responsible for toxicity are lowered below specific target values (i.e. pH = 9.1, ESP = 18.5%, extractable Na = 1122 mg/kg for Eisenia fetida). Nonetheless, trace element uptake in earthworms should be regularly monitored and the risk to the food chain further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Di Carlo
- University of Limerick, Department of Biological Sciences & The Bernal Institute, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Helen Poynton
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, USA
| | - Ronan Courtney
- University of Limerick, Department of Biological Sciences & The Bernal Institute, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
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Ahadi N, Sharifi Z, Hossaini SMT, Rostami A, Renella G. Remediation of heavy metals and enhancement of fertilizing potential of a sewage sludge by the synergistic interaction of woodlice and earthworms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121573. [PMID: 31761649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Woodlice and the earthworm alone or in combination were used to improve physical properties, nutrient release, and heavy metals stabilization during composting of sewage sludge. Chemical properties of raw sludge (IS) were compared to those of composted sludge (CS), sludge + earthworms (VS), sludge + woodlice (WS), and sludge + earthworms + woodlice (VWS) after 50 and 100 days of composting. Physical properties and heavy metals accumulation by the studied fauna was determined after 100 days of composting. Highest proportions of fine particles, porosity and water holding capacity were in the VWS treatment, electrical conductivity, ash content, inorganic N and the total concentrations of P, K, Ca and Mg increased, whereas the pH value, the organic C, C:N ratio and humic acids content decreased in following order: VWS > VC > WS > CS > IS. Total concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ni in composted sludge were lower whereas concentrations of Zn, Cu and Mn were higher than in raw sludge, and woodlice showed higher bioconcentration factor (BCFs) than earthworm for all heavy metals in all treatments. We concluded that woodlice and earthworms synergistically improved the physicochemical properties of the compost and enhanced its potential use as amendment in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Ahadi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahed Sharifi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Sayd M T Hossaini
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amin Rostami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
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Khan MB, Cui X, Jilani G, Ting Y, Zehra A, Hamid Y, Hussain B, Tang L, Yang X, He Z. Preincubation and vermicomposting of divergent biosolids exhibit vice versa multielements stoichiometry and earthworm physiology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:144-156. [PMID: 31100659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge and kitchen refuse are ubiquitously mounting wastes with high organic load, which if reprocessed they could salvage the environment. Reckoned with this certitude, an incubating study was initiated on sequential preincubation of sewage sludge with kitchen waste in 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 ratios for 16 days ensued by vermicomposting of 30 days using Eisenia fetida. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the biosolid mixtures increased during preincubation but reduced progressively through vermicomposting due to bioaccumulation of these metals in the earthworm tissues. Earthworm growth parameters data reflected that sewage sludge and kitchen waste mixture with 70:30 ratio increased the number of cocoons (10.6%), biomass (8.2%), growth rate (8.3%), reproduction rate (12.2%), and decreased their mean mortality rate (80.1%) as compared to that in sole sewage sludge (control). Results of chemical analysis and SEM/EDS imaging, showed that alkalinity, organic carbon, C/N ratio, organic matter and concentration of trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) reduced while macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) increased in the final vermicompost as compared to that in initial mixtures. The FT-IR analysis also revealed that various biochemical functional groups underwent biodegradation during combined preincubation-vermicomposting. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of all trace elements in the earthworm tissues was higher with 70:30 ratio of substrates, with the trend of Cd > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cr. Hence, this study concludes that combined preincubation-vermicomposting is the most efficient and ecofriendly technique for biodegradation, stabilization, and conversion of sewage sludge and kitchen waste into organic fertilizer. The nutrient rich vermicompost can be safely used as horticultural substrate and soil conditioner for efficient management of degraded soils. Finally, combined preincubation-vermicomposting is a sustainable system of recycling the sewage sludge along with kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawapindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Yan Ting
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Afsheen Zehra
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
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Simões T, Novais SC, Natal-da-Luz T, Renaud M, Leston S, Ramos F, Römbke J, Roelofs D, van Straalen NM, Sousa JP, Lemos MFL. From laboratory to the field: Validating molecular markers of effect in Folsomia candida exposed to a fungicide-based formulation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:522-530. [PMID: 30981023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under controlled laboratory conditions, toxicity data tend to be less variable than in more realistic in-field studies and responses may thus differ from those in the natural environment, creating uncertainty. The validation of data under environmental conditions is therefore a major asset in environmental risk assessment of chemicals. The present study aimed to validate the mode of action of a commercial fungicide formulation in the soil invertebrate F. candida, under more realistic exposure scenarios (in-field bioassay), by targeting specific molecular biomarkers retrieved from laboratory experiments. Organisms were exposed in soil cores under minimally controlled field conditions for 4 days to a chlorothalonil fungicide dosage causing 75% reduction of reproduction in a previous laboratory experiment (127 mg a.i. kg-1) and half this concentration (60 mg a.i. kg-1). After exposure, organisms were retrieved and RNA was extracted from each pool of organisms. According to previous laboratorial omics results with the same formulation, ten genes were selected for gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR, corresponding to key genes of affected biological pathways including glutathione metabolism, oxidation-reduction, body morphogenesis, and reproduction. Six of these genes presented a dose-response trend with higher up- or down-regulation with increasing pesticide concentrations. Highly significant correlations between their expression patterns in laboratory and in-field experiments were observed. This work shows that effects of toxicants can be clearly demonstrated in more realistic conditions using validated biomarkers. Our work outlines a set of genes that can be used to assess the early effects of pesticides in a realistic agricultural scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathieu Renaud
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Leston
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim, Germany
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José P Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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Rorat A, Vandenbulcke F, Gałuszka A, Klimek B, Plytycz B. Protective role of metallothionein during regeneration in Eisenia andrei exposed to cadmium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 203:39-50. [PMID: 29038073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lumbricid earthworms are often exposed to simultaneous action of various environmental stressors like soil contamination, temperature fluctuation or predators' attacks, which may induce extrusion of coelomocyte-containing coelomic fluid or loss of tail segments. If the injuries are not lethal, renewal of the immune-competent cells and soluble components of coelomic fluid and/or the regeneration of tail segments occurs. The aim of our investigations was to test the hypothesis that exposure of adult earthworms Eisenia andrei to cadmium-polluted soil at room temperature (RT) and/or low temperature (6°C) have adverse effects on restoration of experimentally depleted coelomocytes or on regeneration of amputated posterior segments. Intact control earthworms and their experimental counterparts subjected to electrostimulation-induced coelomocyte depletion or surgical amputation of posterior segments were maintained either in control soil or in soil spiked with cadmium chloride (500mg/kg air-dried soil) at RT or 6°C. Four weeks after the beginning of experiments, cadmium accumulation in earthworm bodies was significantly lower at 6°C than at room temperature. The numbers of restored cells and fluorophore contents were hardly affected by temperature or cadmium. However, cocoon production was reduced by cadmium and completely abolished at 6°C and regeneration of amputated posterior segments was inhibited in cold but was enhanced by cadmium exposure at RT. Independently on the temperature, the 4-week cadmium exposure of adult earthworms was connected with significantly upregulated expression of Cd-metallothionein (but not of catalase, lysenin and phytochelatin) in coelomocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rorat
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland; Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, SN3 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, SN3 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Adrianna Gałuszka
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Klimek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Plytycz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Uwizeyimana H, Wang M, Chen W, Khan K. The eco-toxic effects of pesticide and heavy metal mixtures towards earthworms in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:20-29. [PMID: 28806580 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are the key soil organisms, contribute to many positive ecological services that could be degraded by pesticides and other soil pollutants such as heavy metals. Chemicals usually occur as mixtures in the environmental systems which can lead synergistic effects. The assessment and characterization of soil pollutants that effects risks are very difficult due to the complexity of soil matrix, poor understanding about the fate and effects of chemical combinations like pesticide and metal mixtures in terrestrial systems, and scarcity of toxicological data on mixtures of pollutants. In this review we summarized the current studies on individual and joint effects of pesticides and metals on earthworms and indicate the mixture that cause the synergistic interactions. The review explores the methods and models used previously to evaluate the toxicity of chemical mixtures, and suggests the perspective approaches for a better knowledge of combine effects as well as research methods The summarized report indicates that pesticide and metal mixtures at all organization levels affect the earthworms negatively. Whereas, the combined pollution generated by mixtures of pesticides and metal ions could induce the DNA damage, disruption in enzyme activities, reduction in individual survival, production and growth rate, change in individual behavior such as feeding rate, and decrease in the total earthworm community biomass and density. Among the pesticides organophosphates were identified the most toxic pesticides causing the synergistic effects. The findings indicate the scarcity of toxicological data concerning the assessment of pesticide and metal mixtures at genome level; while the mechanisms causing synergism were still not sufficiently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Uwizeyimana
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan
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10
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Suleiman H, Rorat A, Grobelak A, Grosser A, Milczarek M, Płytycz B, Kacprzak M, Vandenbulcke F. Determination of the performance of vermicomposting process applied to sewage sludge by monitoring of the compost quality and immune responses in three earthworm species: Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrei and Dendrobaena veneta. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:103-112. [PMID: 28550771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of vermicomposting process applied on three different sewage sludge (precomposted with grass clippings, sawdust and municipal solid wastes) using three different earthworm species. Selected immune parameters, namely biomarkers of stress and metal body burdens, have been used to biomonitor the vermicomposting process and to assess the impact of contaminants on earthworm's physiology. Biotic and abiotic parameters were also used in order to monitor the process and the quality of the final product. Dendrobaena veneta exhibited much lower resistance in all experimental conditions, as the bodyweight and the total number of circulating immune cells decreased in the most contaminated conditions. All earthworm species accumulated heavy metals as follows Cd>Co>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cr: Eisenia sp. worms exhibited the highest ability to accumulate several heavy metals. Vermicompost obtained after 45days was acceptable according to agronomic parameters and to compost quality norms in France and Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanine Suleiman
- Université de Lille, LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Université de Lille, LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland.
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Anna Grosser
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Marcin Milczarek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Barbara Płytycz
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kacprzak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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11
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Bourdineaud JP, Šrut M, Štambuk A, Tkalec M, Brèthes D, Malarić K, Klobučar GI.V. Electromagnetic fields at a mobile phone frequency (900 MHz) trigger the onset of general stress response along with DNA modifications in Eisenia fetida earthworms. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:142-152. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) at a mobile phone frequency (900 MHz) and at field levels ranging from 10 to 120 V m-1 for a period of two hours (corresponding to specific absorption rates ranging from 0.13 to 9.33 mW kg-1). Potential effects of longer exposure (four hours), field modulation, and a recovery period of 24 h after two hours of exposure were addressed at the field level of 23 V m-1. All exposure treatments induced significant DNA modifications as assessed by a quantitative random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR. Even after 24 h of recovery following a two hour-exposure, the number of probe hybridisation sites displayed a significant two-fold decrease as compared to untreated control earthworms, implying a loss of hybridisation sites and a persistent genotoxic effect of EMF. Expression of genes involved in the response to general stress (HSP70 encoding the 70 kDa heat shock protein, and MEKK1 involved in signal transduction), oxidative stress (CAT, encoding catalase), and chemical and immune defence (LYS, encoding lysenin, and MYD, encoding a myeloid differentiation factor) were up-regulated after exposure to 10 and modulated 23 V m-1 field levels. Western blots showing an increased quantity of HSP70 and MTCO1 proteins confirmed this stress response. HSP70 and LYS genes were up-regulated after 24 h of recovery following a two hour-exposure, meaning that the effect of EMF exposure lasted for hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5234, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Maja Šrut
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Mirta Tkalec
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Daniel Brèthes
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Krešimir Malarić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Göran I .V. Klobučar
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
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Beaumelle L, Hedde M, Vandenbulcke F, Lamy I. Relationships between metal compartmentalization and biomarkers in earthworms exposed to field-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:185-194. [PMID: 28284548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning tissue metal concentration into subcellular compartments reflecting toxicologically available pools may provide good descriptors of the toxicological effects of metals on organisms. Here we investigated the relationships between internal compartmentalization of Cd, Pb and Zn and biomarker responses in a model soil organism: the earthworm. The aim of this study was to identify metal fractions reflecting the toxic pressure in an endogeic, naturally occurring earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa) exposed to realistic field-contaminated soils. After a 21 days exposure experiment to 31 field-contaminated soils, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in earthworms and in three subcellular fractions (cytosol, debris and granules) were quantified. Different biomarkers were measured: the expression of a metallothionein gene (mt), the activity of catalase (CAT) and of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and the protein, lipid and glycogen reserves. Biomarkers were further combined into an integrated biomarker index (IBR). The subcellular fractionation provided better predictors of biomarkers than the total internal contents hence supporting its use when assessing toxicological bioavailability of metals to earthworms. The most soluble internal pools of metals were not always the best predictors of biomarker responses. metallothionein expression responded to increasing concentrations of Cd in the insoluble fraction (debris + granules). Protein and glycogen contents were also mainly related to Cd and Pb in the insoluble fraction. On the other hand, GST activity was better explained by Pb in the cytosolic fraction. CAT activity and lipid contents variations were not related to metal subcellular distribution. The IBR was best explained by both soluble and insoluble fractions of Pb and Cd. This study further extends the scope of mt expression as a robust and specific biomarker in an ecologically representative earthworm species exposed to field-contaminated soils. The genetic lineage of the individuals, assessed by DNA barcoding with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, did not influence mt expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Beaumelle
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Mickaël Hedde
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France.
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Šrut M, Drechsel V, Höckner M. Low levels of Cd induce persisting epigenetic modifications and acclimation mechanisms in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176047. [PMID: 28426746 PMCID: PMC5398608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), a common soil pollutant, are still not very well understood, particularly in regard to its epigenetic impact. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess DNA methylation changes and their persistence in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris upon chronic low dose Cd exposure using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). Moreover, the biomarker response and fitness of the earthworms, as well as the expression of detoxification-related genes (metallothionein (MT) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS)) was evaluated. Low levels of Cd caused an increase in genome-wide DNA methylation, which remained partly modified, even after several months of recovery in unpolluted soil. Increased cellular stress seemed to decrease after two weeks of exposure whereas fitness parameters remained unaffected by Cd, probably as a result from the activation of detoxification mechanisms like the expression of MTs. Interestingly, even though the level of Cd exposure was very low, MT expression levels indicate the development of acclimation mechanisms. Taken together, this study demonstrates that acclimation, as well as epigenetic modifications can occur already in moderately polluted environments. In addition, these effects can have long-lasting impacts on key species of soil invertebrates and might persist long after the actual heavy metal challenge has passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šrut
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Victoria Drechsel
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Höckner
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Beaumelle L, Vile D, Lamy I, Vandenbulcke F, Gimbert F, Hedde M. A structural equation model of soil metal bioavailability to earthworms: confronting causal theory and observations using a laboratory exposure to field-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:961-972. [PMID: 27378153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural equation models (SEM) are increasingly used in ecology as multivariate analysis that can represent theoretical variables and address complex sets of hypotheses. Here we demonstrate the interest of SEM in ecotoxicology, more precisely to test the three-step concept of metal bioavailability to earthworms. The SEM modeled the three-step causal chain between environmental availability, environmental bioavailability and toxicological bioavailability. In the model, each step is an unmeasured (latent) variable reflected by several observed variables. In an exposure experiment designed specifically to test this SEM for Cd, Pb and Zn, Aporrectodea caliginosa was exposed to 31 agricultural field-contaminated soils. Chemical and biological measurements used included CaC12-extractable metal concentrations in soils, free ion concentration in soil solution as predicted by a geochemical model, dissolved metal concentration as predicted by a semi-mechanistic model, internal metal concentrations in total earthworms and in subcellular fractions, and several biomarkers. The observations verified the causal definition of Cd and Pb bioavailability in the SEM, but not for Zn. Several indicators consistently reflected the hypothetical causal definition and could thus be pertinent measurements of Cd and Pb bioavailability to earthworm in field-contaminated soils. SEM highlights that the metals present in the soil solution and easily extractable are not the main source of available metals for earthworms. This study further highlights SEM as a powerful tool that can handle natural ecosystem complexity, thus participating to the paradigm change in ecotoxicology from a bottom-up to a top-down approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Beaumelle
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Denis Vile
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mickaël Hedde
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
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15
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Homa J, Rorat A, Kruk J, Cocquerelle C, Plytycz B, Vandenbulcke F. Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1397-1404. [PMID: 25693738 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parameters such as total number of coelomocytes, riboflavin content in coelomocytes, expression of genes implied in metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms can be used as biomarkers to assess the impact of metals on annelids. Defense biomarkers (detoxification gene expressions and coelomocyte parameters) were investigated in the ecotoxicologically important species Eisenia andrei following in vivo exposure to 5 different metals (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium) at known concentrations. Coelomocyte numbers and riboflavin content were not affected by metallic exposure, but metal-specific gene expression variations were evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Homa
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
- Environmental Axis, Lille 1 University, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Plytycz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Bundy JG, Kille P. Metabolites and metals in Metazoa--what role do phytochelatins play in animals? Metallomics 2015; 6:1576-82. [PMID: 24926533 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytochelatins are sulfur-rich metal-binding peptides, and phytochelatin synthesis is one of the key mechanisms by which plants protect themselves against toxic soft metal ions such as cadmium. It has been known for a while now that some invertebrates also possess functional phytochelatin synthase (PCS) enzymes, and that at least one species, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, produces phytochelatins to help detoxify cadmium, and probably also other metal and metalloid ions including arsenic, zinc, selenium, silver, and copper. Here, we review recent studies on the occurrence, utilization, and regulation of phytochelatin synthesis in invertebrates. The phytochelatin synthase gene has a wide phylogenetic distribution, and can be found in species that cover almost all of the animal tree of life. The evidence to date, though, suggests that the occurrence is patchy, and even though some members of particular taxonomic groups may contain PCS genes, there are also many species without these genes. For animal species that do possess PCS genes, some of them (e.g. earthworms) do synthesize phytochelatins in response to potentially toxic elements, whereas others (e.g. Schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic helminth) do not appear to do so. Just how (and if) phytochelatins in invertebrates complement the function of metallothioneins remains to be elucidated, and the temporal, spatial, and metal specificity of the two systems is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Bundy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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17
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Bernard F, Brulle F, Dumez S, Lemiere S, Platel A, Nesslany F, Cuny D, Deram A, Vandenbulcke F. Antioxidant responses of Annelids, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae to pollutants: a review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:273-303. [PMID: 24951273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants, such as Metal Trace Elements (MTEs) and organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides), can impact DNA structure of living organisms and thus generate damage. For instance, cadmium is a well-known genotoxic and mechanisms explaining its clastogenicity are mainly indirect: inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms and/or induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Animal or vegetal cells use antioxidant defense systems to protect themselves against ROS produced during oxidative stress. Because tolerance of organisms depends, at least partially, on their ability to cope with ROS, the mechanisms of production and management of ROS were investigated a lot in Ecotoxicology as markers of biotic and abiotic stress. This was mainly done through the measurement of enzyme activities The present Review focuses on 3 test species living in close contact with soil that are often used in soil ecotoxicology: the worm Eisenia fetida, and two plant species, Trifolium repens (white clover) and Brassica oleracea (cabbage). E. fetida is a soil-dwelling organism commonly used for biomonitoring. T. repens is a symbiotic plant species which forms root nodule with soil bacteria, while B. oleracea is a non-symbiotic plant. In literature, some oxidative stress enzyme activities have already been measured in those species but such analyses do not allow distinction between individual enzyme involvements in oxidative stress. Gene expression studies would allow this distinction at the transcriptomic level. A literature review and a data search in molecular database were carried out on the basis of keywords in Scopus, in PubMed and in Genbank™ for each species. Molecular data regarding E. fetida were already available in databases, but a lack of data regarding oxidative stress related genes was observed for T. repens and B. oleracea. By exploiting the conservation observed between species and using molecular biology techniques, we partially cloned missing candidates involved in oxidative stress and in metal detoxification in E. fetida, T. repens and B. oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bernard
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515 - Université Lille Nord de France - Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - F Brulle
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Dumez
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Lemiere
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515 - Université Lille Nord de France - Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - A Platel
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie - Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, F-59800 Lille, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie - Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, F-59800 Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - A Deram
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Faculté de Management de la Santé (ILIS) - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59120 Loos, France
| | - F Vandenbulcke
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515 - Université Lille Nord de France - Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Mustonen M, Haimi J, Väisänen A, Knott KE. Metallothionein gene expression differs in earthworm populations with different exposure history. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1732-1743. [PMID: 25179588 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metals are persistent pollutants in soils that can harm soil organisms and decrease species diversity. Animals can cope with metal contamination with the help of metallothioneins, small metal-binding proteins involved in homeostasis and detoxification of metals. We studied the expression of metallothionein with qPCR in a small, epigeic earthworm, Dendrobaena octaedra. We compared expression patterns and metal body content in earthworms collected from two sites with different metal contamination histories: Harjavalta, contaminated by a Cu-Ni smelter operational for over 50 years, and Jyväskylä, an uncontaminated site. Earthworms from both sites were also experimentally exposed to different concentrations of Cu (control, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) or Zn (control, 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg) for 7, 14 or 28 days to determine if there is a time related dose-response in gene expression. Population comparison showed that metallothionein expression was higher in earthworms from the contaminated site. In the exposure experiment, exposure time affected expression, but only in the earthworms from the uncontaminated site, suggesting that there is a delay in the metallothionein response of earthworms in this population. In contrast, earthworms from the contaminated site showed higher and constant levels of metallothionein expression at all exposure concentrations and durations. The constant metallothionein expression in earthworms from the contaminated site suggests that inducibility of metallothionein response could be lost in earthworms with metal exposure history. Adaptation of D. octaedra to metal exposure could explain the differences between the populations and explain the persistence of this species in contaminated forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mustonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland,
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19
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Tête N, Afonso E, Crini N, Drouhot S, Prudent AS, Scheifler R. Hair as a noninvasive tool for risk assessment: do the concentrations of cadmium and lead in the hair of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) reflect internal concentrations? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 108:233-241. [PMID: 25090089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for developing noninvasive markers of accumulation when studying the transfer of pollutants in wildlife, in response to problems caused by sacrifice of animals (disturbed population dynamics, respect of ethical protocols). Thus, the aim of this work was to determine whether trace metal (TM) concentrations in hair could be used as an accurate noninvasive estimator of internal and environmental concentrations. For that purpose, on a 40km² site surrounding an ancient smelter, 321 wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were sampled on seven squares (500×500m) and 4 squares in fall 2010 and spring 2011, respectively. The relationships between the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in hair and those in the liver, kidneys, and soils were described. The results indicated that hair concentration was a relatively good predictor of Pb concentrations in organs (p<0.001, 0.46<R²<0.53). In contrast, Cd concentrations in organs were only weakly predicted by hair concentrations in session 2010 (p<0.001, R²=0.10 for both organs), and no significant relationship was found in session 2011 (p=0.252 for liver and p=0.971 for kidneys). The Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil and in hair were not linearly related, but concentrations in hair increased with soil concentrations (Spearman's rank correlations). Linear relationships between internal and hair concentrations differed significantly between the sampling sessions, especially for Cd. When they were included in models analyzing the relationships between TM concentrations in organs and in hair, individual characteristics (gender and body mass as a non-lethal estimation of relative age) increased the explained variability of Cd in organs but not of Pb. In conclusion, hair should be used cautiously to predict internal Cd concentrations but can be considered as an accurate noninvasive estimator of internal Pb concentrations. Further studies should be performed to develop, generalize, and apply this useful possible tool for risk assessment in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tête
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Eve Afonso
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Nadia Crini
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Drouhot
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Prudent
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Scheifler
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Tête N, Durfort M, Rieffel D, Scheifler R, Sánchez-Chardi A. Histopathology related to cadmium and lead bioaccumulation in chronically exposed wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, around a former smelter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:167-177. [PMID: 24594745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ceasing of industrial activities often reduces the emission of pollutants but also often leaves disturbed areas without remediation and with persistent pollutants that can still be transferred along the food chain. This study examines the potential relationships between non-essential trace metals and histopathology in target tissues of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) collected along a gradient of contamination around the former smelter, Metaleurop Nord (northern France). Cadmium and lead concentrations were measured, and histological alterations attributable to chronic trace metal exposure were assessed in the liver and the kidneys of 78 individuals. Metal concentrations quantified in the present study were among the highest observed for this species. Some histological alterations significantly increased with Cd or Pb concentrations in the soil and in the organs. Sixteen mice from polluted sites were considered at risk for metal-induced stress because their Cd and/or Pb tissue concentrations exceeded the LOAELs for single exposure to these elements. These mice also exhibited a higher severity of histological alterations in their organs than individuals with lower metal burdens. These results indicate that the Metaleurop smelter, despite its closure in 2003, still represents a threat to the local ecosystem because of the high levels and high bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil. However, among the mice not considered at risk for metal-induced stress based on the metal levels in their tissues, a large percentage of individuals still exhibited histological alterations. Thus, the present study suggests that the evaluation of toxic effects based only on the LOAELs for single metal exposure may result in the underestimation of the real risks when specimens are exposed to multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tête
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Mercè Durfort
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal-643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominique Rieffel
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Scheifler
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscopia, Facultat de Ciencies, Ed. C, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat Barcelona, Av. Diagonal-643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Irizar A, Izagirre U, Diaz de Cerio O, Marigómez I, Soto M. Zonation in the digestive tract of Eisenia fetida: implications in biomarker measurements for toxicity assessment. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 160:42-53. [PMID: 24291736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eisenia fetida is a model species for soil health assessment and different biomarkers that detect either the presence of bioavailable contaminants or their biological effect have been developed. These parameters are performed in a target tissue or whole earthworm, without considering the marked zonation in histological organisation, enzyme activities and gene expression pattern existing along the body. Thus, the present work was aimed at (a) characterising the morphofunctional heterogeneity along the digestive tract of E. fetida in tissue morphology and turnover, lysosomal enzyme markers (β-glucuronidase, β-GUS; hexosaminidase, HEX), lipofuscin contents (LPF) and metallothionein (MT) and catalase (CAT) gene expression; and (b) determining whether the responsiveness to Cd exposure varies among tissues and along the digestive tract. HEX and β-GUS exhibited a heterogeneous distribution pattern along and across the digestive tract and Cd exposure caused a marked decrease of HEX and an increase of β-GUS activity. Likewise, the significant decrease of cell turnover and the induction of MT transcription were was zone-dependent. Therefore, in was concluded that the consideration of the zonation when applying biomarker for toxicity assessment would reduce the intrinsic variability that results from overlooking the marked morphofunctional heterogeneity that exists in annelids along their body axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Irizar
- Cell Biology & Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE) & Zoology & Animal Cell Biology Department (Faculty of Science & Technology), University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - U Izagirre
- Cell Biology & Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE) & Zoology & Animal Cell Biology Department (Faculty of Science & Technology), University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Diaz de Cerio
- Cell Biology & Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE) & Zoology & Animal Cell Biology Department (Faculty of Science & Technology), University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Marigómez
- Cell Biology & Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE) & Zoology & Animal Cell Biology Department (Faculty of Science & Technology), University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Cell Biology & Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE) & Zoology & Animal Cell Biology Department (Faculty of Science & Technology), University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain.
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Liebeke M, Garcia-Perez I, Anderson CJ, Lawlor AJ, Bennett MH, Morris CA, Kille P, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ, Bundy JG. Earthworms produce phytochelatins in response to arsenic. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81271. [PMID: 24278409 PMCID: PMC3838358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochelatins are small cysteine-rich non-ribosomal peptides that chelate soft metal and metalloid ions, such as cadmium and arsenic. They are widely produced by plants and microbes; phytochelatin synthase genes are also present in animal species from several different phyla, but there is still little known about whether these genes are functional in animals, and if so, whether they are metal-responsive. We analysed phytochelatin production by direct chemical analysis in Lumbricus rubellus earthworms exposed to arsenic for a 28 day period, and found that arsenic clearly induced phytochelatin production in a dose-dependent manner. It was necessary to measure the phytochelatin metabolite concentrations directly, as there was no upregulation of phytochelatin synthase gene expression after 28 days: phytochelatin synthesis appears not to be transcriptionally regulated in animals. A further untargetted metabolomic analysis also found changes in metabolites associated with the transsulfuration pathway, which channels sulfur flux from methionine for phytochelatin synthesis. There was no evidence of biological transformation of arsenic (e.g. into methylated species) as a result of laboratory arsenic exposure. Finally, we compared wild populations of earthworms sampled from the field, and found that both arsenic-contaminated and cadmium-contaminated mine site worms had elevated phytochelatin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Liebeke
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Craig J. Anderson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Lawlor
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mark H. Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri A. Morris
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jacob G. Bundy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Rorat A, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Jozkowicz A, Kruk J, Cocquerelle C, Vandenbulcke F, Santocki M, Plytycz B. Coelomocyte-derived fluorescence and DNA markers of composting earthworm species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 321:28-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rorat
- Institute of Environmental Engineering; Czestochowa University of Technology; Czestochowa Poland
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement; University Lille Nord de France; Lille France
| | | | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
| | - Claude Cocquerelle
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement; University Lille Nord de France; Lille France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement; University Lille Nord de France; Lille France
| | - Michal Santocki
- Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
| | - Barbara Plytycz
- Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
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