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Camerini G, Maini S, Limonta L. Impact of Chemical Insecticide Application on Beneficial Insects in Maize. INSECTS 2024; 15:224. [PMID: 38667354 PMCID: PMC11049858 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) and to a lesser extent the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) are a threat to maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy), and their control can require insecticide applications. The results of a study to evaluate the effects of insecticide sprays on the beneficial insect Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and aphid predators are reported. A three-year research project was carried out in two Study Areas, in Lombardy. In area 1, crop rotation was a common practice, while in area 2 repeated maize crop was practiced. The natural trend of ECB egg masses attacked by T. brassicae was affected and parasitism rates were reduced as a result of insecticide exposure (chlorpyriphos methyl, cypermethrin, alphacypermethrine). Repeated maize crop and insecticides spraying increased the abundance of the aphid population and negatively affected the aphid predator community, which mainly included ladybirds, hoverflies, true bugs and lacewings. The predator community was dominated by hoverflies in sprayed fields managed according to repeated maize crop protocols, whereas ladybirds and Orius spp. dominated in maize fields managed according to crop rotation protocols. Crop rotation protocols help to prevent ECB outbreaks; when the risk of exceeding the economic threshold limit is high, and this may be the case when maize is cultivated for seeds or for horticultural crops such as sweet corn, inundative release of T. brassicae and/or microbial control (i.e., use of Bacillus thuringiensis preparations) can integrate natural biocontrol, and provide a valuable alternative to chemical insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Camerini
- Istituto di Istruzione Superiore Taramelli-Foscolo, Via Mascheroni, 53, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Maini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari-Entomologia, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Lidia Limonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università “degli Studi” di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Gao X, Zhang K, Zhao L, Zhu X, Wang L, Li D, Ji J, Niu L, Luo J, Cui J. Sublethal toxicity of sulfoxaflor to parasitoid Binodoxys communis Gahan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115169. [PMID: 37379663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrated pest management is focused on combining biological and chemical controls. There is evidence of a negative impact of neonicotinoids on biological control, however, sulfoxaflor (SFX), a novel insecticide, its impact on parasitoid natural predator remain limited. Binodoxys communis is an important parasitic natural enemy of Aphis gossypii, which may have direct and indirect toxicity from the insecticides and aphids. Understanding the potential threat of SFX to B. communis is therefore essential to integrated pest management and the conservation of parasitoids. Here, the effects of sublethal doses of SFX on B. communis larvae and adults are presented for the first time. Sublethal SFX doses had a significant negative effect on the survival rate, adult life span, duration of development, and rate of parasitism. Moreover, exposure to sublethal SFX doses also had adverse effects on the biological performance of the next generation of B. communis. Based on the transcriptome analysis, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, peroxidase, lysosomes, glutathione metabolism, drug metabolism, and CYP450 were significantly shifted by sublethal SFX exposure. These results indicate that sublethal SFX doses might adversely affect the biological performance of B. communis by altering gene expression related to the function of detoxification systems and energy metabolism. In conclusion, considering the beneficial ecological services of provided by parasitoids and the negative effects of sulfoxaflor across a greater usage scale, we emphasize the importance to optimize pesticide applications in IPM packages, in order to ensure the safety and survival of natural pest parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Likang Zhao
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
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Liégeois S, Delaunay M, Lécureuil C, Goubault M. Sublethal doses of pyriproxyfen stimulate reproduction and aggressive behavior in a non-target parasitoid wasp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156880. [PMID: 35753446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are commonly used to control populations of pests and disease vectors. However, they can have multiple unintended effects on non-target species. Assessing their impacts on the physiology and behavior of beneficial insects, such as biological control agents, is thus necessary to gain insight into the diversity and nature of such side effects. Here, we investigated the effect of sublethal doses of the endocrine disrupting insecticide pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone agonist, on females of the solitary ectoparasitoid Eupelmus vuilleti (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). These parasitoid wasps can be used as biological control agents to control the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), that infests cowpea seeds, Vigna unguiculata (Fabacea). To do so, in addition to classical measures on female fecundity and survival, we focused on female behaviors that can have important consequences on female fitness and host exploitation. First, we showed that pyriproxyfen stimulated egg production without affecting female survival. Second, we observed that low doses of this insecticide had no effect on females' exploration and host discrimination ability but stimulated their aggressiveness when fighting for host access. Although a negative impact on other life-history traits cannot be ruled out at this point, these results showed low doses of pyriproxyfen can have unintended positive effects on ectoparasitoid E. vuilleti females, by enhancing at least temporarily their reproduction and host access in a situation of competition. Our work thus highlights the importance of studying the diversity of possible unintended sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Liégeois
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Manon Delaunay
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Marlène Goubault
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
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Mauduit E, Lécureuil C, Meunier J. Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin stimulates reproduction and has limited effects on post-hatching maternal care in the European earwig. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39501-39512. [PMID: 33754270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are typically used to limit pest population, the diversity and nature of their unintentional effects on non-target organisms remain unclear. Better understanding these effects requires to carry out risk assessments on key physiological and behavioral processes specific to beneficial insects. In this study, we addressed this question by exposing mothers of the European earwig (a beneficial insect) to two sublethal doses of deltamethrin (a common pesticide in agriculture) during family life and measured the short- and long-term effects on a series of behavioral, physiological, and reproductive traits. Somewhat surprisingly, our results first revealed that high and low doses of deltamethrin enhanced mothers' future reproduction by augmenting their likelihood to produce a second clutch, shortening the number of days until its production, and increasing the resulting number of eggs and their hatching rate. Conversely, the high dose of deltamethrin was detrimental, as it limited maternal brood defence, and reduced food consumption and expression of self-grooming. Finally, other traits were independent of deltamethrin exposure, such as three proxies of family interactions (i.e., distance to the brood, occurrence, and duration of mother-offspring contacts), mothers' walking distance, and mother weight gain during family life. Our study overall demonstrates that sublethal exposure to a pesticide such as deltamethrin can have both positive and negative effects on non-target beneficial insects. It thus emphasizes that focusing on narrow parameters can lead to misleading conclusions about the unintended impacts of pesticides in treated agro-ecosystems and call for better considering this parameters diversity in integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mauduit
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Joël Meunier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France.
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Ferguson KB, Kursch-Metz T, Verhulst EC, Pannebakker BA. Hybrid Genome Assembly and Evidence-Based Annotation of the Egg Parasitoid and Biological Control Agent Trichogramma brassicae. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:3533-3540. [PMID: 32792343 PMCID: PMC7534424 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) are egg parasitoids that are used throughout the world as biological control agents and in laboratories as model species. Despite this ubiquity, few genetic resources exist beyond COI, ITS2, and RAPD markers. Aided by a Wolbachia infection, a wild-caught strain from Germany was reared for low heterozygosity and sequenced in a hybrid de novo strategy, after which several assembling strategies were evaluated. The best assembly, derived from a DBG2OLC-based pipeline, yielded a genome of 235 Mbp made up of 1,572 contigs with an N50 of 556,663 bp. Following a rigorous ab initio-, homology-, and evidence-based annotation, 16,905 genes were annotated and functionally described. As an example of the utility of the genome, a simple ortholog cluster analysis was performed with sister species T. pretiosum, revealing over 6000 shared clusters and under 400 clusters unique to each species. The genome and transcriptome presented here provides an essential resource for comparative genomics of the commercially relevant genus Trichogramma, but also for research into molecular evolution, ecology, and breeding of T. brassicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim B Ferguson
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tore Kursch-Metz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Darmstadt, Germany
- AMW Nützlinge GmbH, Pfungstadt, Germany
| | - Eveline C Verhulst
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart A Pannebakker
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Selectivity of deltamethrin doses on Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:12395. [PMID: 32709920 PMCID: PMC7381671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticides are the main method of controlling lepidopteran pests of eucalyptus plantations and those selective to natural enemies, such as the endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare et LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), are preferable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity and effects on biological parameters of the insecticide deltamethrin, registered for the control of defoliator caterpillars of eucalyptus, to the parasitoid P. elaeisis aiming the rational use of this insecticide and its compatibility with parasitoids. The experiment was in a completely randomized design. The treatments were the doses of 0.64, 1.40, 3.10, 6.83, 15.03, 33.05, 72.7 and 160 mg a.i./L of deltamethrin and the control (distilled water) with 10 replications, each with a pupae of the alternative host Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exposed by the immersion method. The parasitism, biological cycle, emergence, longevity, head width and metatibia length of the natural enemy were evaluated. Deltamethrin reduced parasitism and the emergence rates of P. elaeisis. The duration of the biological cycle of this parasitoid, emerged from T. molitor pupae exposed to 15.03 mg a.i./L of deltamethrin, was higher. The morphometric parameters of P. elaeisis exposed to the doses of 0.64 and 1.40 mg a.i./L of the insecticide were lower. However, the morphometric parameter values were higher with the doses above 3.10 mg a.i./L than in the control. The parasitism and emergence of P. elaeisis were also reduced by the deltamethrin doses lower than the commercially recommended one and therefore, this insecticide is not selective for this natural enemy.
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Delpuech JM. Sublethal effects from endosulfan on parasitization by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi and specificity of nervous pathways involved. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1411-1415. [PMID: 30417536 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endosulfan is a semi-permanent pollutant that can be transported long distances through the atmosphere. Although phased out in many countries, it is still used in some highly populated areas and thus greatly contributes to environmental pollution. It can impact non-target species such as Leptopilina boulardi, a hymenopteran parasitoid that is beneficial because it controls the populations of its host. Only one L. boulardi egg can successfully develop in its host, a Drosophila larva. Consequently, parasitoid females generally lay only one egg per host, except when they are infected by a virus (LbFV) that triggers superparasitization behavior (laying more than one egg per host). The effects of an LC20 of endosulfan on the parasitization behavior of two L. boulardi strains, one infected by LbFV and the other not, were evaluated. RESULTS Endosulfan decreased the number of host larvae parasitized by both strains (decreased rate of parasitization) but had no impact on the number of eggs laid per host (i.e., the rate of superparasitization) irrespective of whether the strain was infected by LbFV or not. CONCLUSIONS Recent research has shown that the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos induced superparasitization in parasitoid females. Both endosulfan and chlorpyrifos are neurotoxic and induce nervous system hyperstimulation. The fact that endosulfan does not trigger superparasitization, whereas chlorpyrifos does suggests that this effect is due to the specific pathway impacted by chlorpyrifos, the cholinergic nervous pathway. The consequences of these results in the context of awareness of environmental pollution by pesticides are discussed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Delpuech
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
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Willow J, Silva A, Veromann E, Smagghe G. Acute effect of low-dose thiacloprid exposure synergised by tebuconazole in a parasitoid wasp. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212456. [PMID: 30794624 PMCID: PMC6386243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural practices often involve tank-mixing and co-application of insecticides with fungicides to control crop pests. However, natural methods relying on biological control agents such as hymenopteran parasitoids have been shown to be highly effective in suppressing crop pest populations. The current body of insecticide risk assessment data accounting for fungicide co-application is very small, the present study being the first to examine this in a parasitoid wasp. Through low-dose exposure to dry residues of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid, we examined its mortal and knockdown effect on Aphelinus abdominalis when co-applied with increasing doses of the fungicide tebuconazole. Both of these acute effects of thiacloprid were synergised (toxicity increased to a greater-than-additive effect) by tebuconazole, resulting in significant mortality from low-dose co-applications of tebuconazole, and significant knockdown even without co-applied tebuconazole, the effect increasing as tebuconazole concentration increased. We show the highly toxic effect that a low dose of thiacloprid imposes on A. abdominalis populations, and a synergistic toxicity when co-applied with low doses of tebuconazole. Our work suggests a need for updating pesticide risk assessment methods, accounting for pesticide mixtures, in order to make these risk assessments more field relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willow
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Silva
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Veromann
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Fontes J, Roja IS, Tavares J, Oliveira L. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Various Pesticides on Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1219-1226. [PMID: 29579240 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available regarding the lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides on Trichogramma achaeae (Nagaraja and Nagarkatti; Hymenoptera: Tricogrammatidae) during integrated management of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), an important pest for tomato production. Twenty-two pesticides sprayed on Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were evaluated on the mortality of adult parasitoids upon contact with the hosts 24 h after the treatments and their sublethal effects on the parasitoids were assessed in laboratory conditions. Tests were carried out with fresh solutions at the recommended concentration. According to the International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) standards, chlorpyrifos is harmful to the parasitoid; merthiocarb, methomyl, spinosad lambda-cyhalothrin, and acrinatrin are moderately harmful; and chlorantraniliprole, lufenuron, hexythiazox, cyromazine and Bacillus thuringiensis have no effect on the parasitoid. Sulfur is slightly harmful, and azoxystrobin is harmless. Chlorpyrifos was the most lethal among these pesticides and killed all females in less than 24 h. All other pesticides affected the biological parameters of T. achaeae to varying degrees. Regarding the lethal and sublethal effects, merthiocarb and spinosad killed all female offspring in less than 24 h; lambda-cyhalothrin and sulfur reduced the number of parasitized eggs; and acrinatrin, deltamethrin and azoxystrobin affected the emergence rate. After that, we can recommend the use of chlorantraniliprole and B. thuringiensis to control Lepidoptera, cyromazine to control Diptera, pirimicarb to control Homoptera, hexythiazox to control mites and azoxystrobin can be used as fungicide in an integrated pest management program with mass released of T. achaeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Fontes
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, Açores, Portugal
| | - Inés Sanchez Roja
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, Açores, Portugal
| | - João Tavares
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, Açores, Portugal
| | - Luísa Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, Açores, Portugal
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Delpuech JM. Elicitation of superparasitization behavior from the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi by the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:907-911. [PMID: 28040222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide that largely contributes to environmental pollution. Parasitoids, as any other non-target species, can be exposed to insecticides through environmental pollution. Parasitoids are key species because they regulate natural populations of other insects. The hymenopterous parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi, whose larvae develop inside Drosophila larvae, is a solitary parasitoid; thus, only one larva can successfully develop per host. Therefore, females generally lay only one egg per host because any increase in the number of eggs laid will decrease its fitness. The effects of an LC20 of chlorpyrifos on the parasitization behavior of two strains (NS and S) of L. boulardi were evaluated. The NS and S strains were genetically identical but differed in that the S strain was infected by a virus, LbFV, which modifies the parasitization behavior of the parasitoid. In control conditions, parasitoid females from the NS strain rarely superparasitized (laid more than one egg per host) their host whereas females from the S strain frequently superparasitized their host. When parasitoids were exposed to an LC20 of chlorpyrifos, the rates of host larvae superparasitized by females and the mean numbers of eggs laid per host larva increased for both NS and S strains. Therefore, both the insecticide and the virus induced an increase in the superparasitization of the host. The effect of the insecticide on the superparasitization behavior of the parasitoid is discussed according to its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Delpuech
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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11
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Wang D, Lü L, He Y, Shi Q, Wang G. Effects of Insecticides on Oviposition and Host Discrimination Behavior in Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2380-2387. [PMID: 27986938 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is an important natural enemy of many lepidopterous pests on various crops. Effects of two conventional insecticides on oviposition and host discrimination behavior in T. chilonis were evaluated in the laboratory through video tracking. During the oviposition period, when the number of host eggs was limited (only one host egg), females exposed to beta-cypermethrin LC1 or LC20 exhibited significantly higher feeding and re-drilling rate and significantly longer post-oviposition duration than control females. Spinosad LC20 treatment not only decreased the wasp oviposition rate but also significantly extended the oviposition duration. When the number of host eggs was six, similarly, females exposed to spinosad LC20 exhibited a significantly lower oviposition rate (79.2%) than control ones (100%). In the host discrimination experiment, females exposed to LC20 of both tested insecticides (beta-cypermethrin and spinosad) spent significantly more time on the extra-patch area. The females that survived spinosad LC20 could not discriminate between unparasitized and parasitized host eggs. Our study suggests that even the LC1 and LC20 of the tested insecticides had negative effects on the oviposition and host discrimination behavior of T. chilonis Thus, the use of these two insecticides should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China (; ; )
| | - Lihua Lü
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Yurong He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China (; ; )
| | - Qingxing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China (; ; )
| | - Guohong Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
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Wang D, Lü L, He Y, Shi Q, Tu C, Gu J. Mate choice and host discrimination behavior of the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 106:530-537. [PMID: 27161158 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an important natural enemy of many species of lepidopterous pests and a widely used biological control agent. Detailed knowledge about its mate choice and host discrimination behavior is lacking. In this study, we studied the mate choice and host discrimination behavior of T. chilonis in experimental arenas through video tracking. Males' mate recognition capacity was realized by perceiving the sex pheromone of females. When offered two females of different species, male could distinguish the conspecific female from Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), a species that has overlapping hosts with T. chilonis. When placed with two females of different mating status, male preferred mating with the virgin female to the mated female. T. chilonis females could distinguish unparasitized host eggs from parasitized ones (parasitized by conspecific females or heterospecific females). They preferred to stay on and lay eggs in unparasitized host eggs. When T. chilonis females were only provided with parasitized host eggs (parasitized by T. chilonis and T. bactrae females), conspecific superparasitism occurred more often than heterospecific superparasitism. Furthermore, the host egg discrimination ability of T. chilonis females was mainly achieved through antennal perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - L Lü
- Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong Province,China
| | - Y He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - Q Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - C Tu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - J Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
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Delpuech JM, Bussod S, Amar A. The sublethal effects of endosulfan on the circadian rhythms and locomotor activity of two sympatric parasitoid species. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 132:200-205. [PMID: 25898969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine insecticide endosulfan is dispersed worldwide and significantly contributes to environmental pollution. It is an antagonist of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is also indirectly involved in photoperiodic time measurement. In this study, we show that endosulfan at a dose as low as LC 0.1 modified the rhythm of locomotor activity of two sympatric parasitoid species, Leptopilina boulardi and Leptopilina heterotoma. The insecticide strongly increased the nocturnal activity of both species and synchronized their diurnal activity; these activities were not synchronized under control conditions. Parasitoids are important species in ecosystems because they control the populations of other insects. In this paper, we discuss the possible consequences of these sublethal effects and highlight the importance of such effects in evaluating the consequences of environmental pollution due to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Delpuech
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Sophie Bussod
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Aurelien Amar
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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