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Liu T, Li G, Liu Z, Xi L, Ma W, Gao X. Characteristics of aerosols from swine farms: A review of the past two-decade progress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108074. [PMID: 37441818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive swine production, the emission of aerosols from swine farms has become a growing concern, attracting extensive attention. While aerosols are found in various environments, those from swine farms are distinguished from human habitats, such as residential, suburban, and urban areas. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of aerosols from swine farms, this paper reviewed relevant studies conducted between 2000 and 2022. The main components, concentrations, and size distribution of the aerosols were systematically reviewed. The differences between aerosols from swine farms and human living and working environments were compared. Finally, the sources, influencing factors, and reduction technologies for aerosols from swine farms were thoroughly elucidated. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of aerosols inside swine farms varied considerably, and most exceeded safety thresholds. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand the difference in airborne microorganism community structure and particles with small sizes (<1 μm) between swine farms and human living and working environments. More airborne bacterial and viruses were adhered to large particles in swine houses, while the proportion of airborne fungi in the respirable fraction was similar to that of human living and working environments. In addition, swine farms have a higher abundance and diversity of potential pathogens, airborne resistant microorganisms and resistant genes compared to the human living and working environments. The aerosols of swine farms mainly originated from sources such as manure, feed, swine hair and skin, secondary production, and waste treatment. According to the source analysis and factors influencing aerosols in swine farms, various technologies could be employed to mitigate aerosol emissions, and some end-of-pipe technologies need to be further improved before they are widely applied. Swine farms are advised not to increase aerosol concentration in human living and working environments, in order to decrease the impact of aerosols from swine farms on human health and restrain the spread of airborne potential pathogens. This review provides critical insights into aerosols of swine farms, offering guidance for taking appropriate measures to enhance air quality inside and surrounding swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Institute for Artificial Intelligence, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Library, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lei Xi
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
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Lambert MÈ, Arsenault J, Côté JC, D'Allaire S. Contacts posing risks of disease introduction in swine breeding herds in Quebec, Canada: Is the frequency of contacts associated with biosecurity measures? Prev Vet Med 2023; 217:105966. [PMID: 37423151 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of pathogens into swine breeding herds can occur through a variety of contacts involving people, animals, vehicle or various supplies. Appropriate biosecurity is critical to mitigate these risks. A retrospective study was conducted to describe contacts with swine breeding sites over a one-month period and to evaluate their association with biosecurity measures and site characteristics. As part of a larger project, sites which had a recent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus introduction were selected. A questionnaire, logbooks and pig traceability system were used for collecting data relative to persons or supplies entering the breeding unit, live pig transportation, service vehicles, other animal species, neighboring pig sites and manure spreading around the site. The 84 sites investigated had a median sow inventory of 675. A median of 4 farm staff and 2 visitors entered the breeding unit at least once over the one-month period. A total of 73 sites (87%) received visitor(s), mostly from maintenance and technical services. All sites received at least 3 supply deliveries (median of 8) including semen (99% of sites), small material and/or drugs (98% of sites), bags (87% of sites), and/or equipment (61% of sites). Live pig movements were observed in all sites, with a median number of 5 truck entries on the site or exits from the site. For feed mill, rendering and propane trucks, at least one entry was noted in ≥ 61% of sites. For all service vehicle categories except feed mill and manure vacuum trucks, a single service provider was involved in each site. Dogs and cats were banned from all sites, but wild birds were observed in 8% of sites. Manure spreading within a 100 m radius of pig units was noted in 10% of the sites. With a few exceptions, biosecurity measures were not associated with the frequency of contacts. A 100-sow increase in sow inventory was associated with an increase of 0.34 in the cumulated number of staff entering the breeding unit, of 0.30 in the number of visitors and of 0.19 in the number of live pig movements. Live pig movements were also positively associated with vertically integrated farrow-to-wean (vs. independent farrow-to-wean) production and time interval of 4 weeks or more between farrowing (vs. less than 4). Considering the variety and frequency of contacts observed, biosecurity should be meticulously applied in all breeding herds to prevent endemic and exotic disease introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-È Lambert
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
| | - J Arsenault
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - J-C Côté
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - S D'Allaire
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Li S, Qu W, Chang H, Li J, Ho SH. Microalgae-driven swine wastewater biotreatment: Nutrient recovery, key microbial community and current challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129785. [PMID: 36007366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a promising technology, the microalgae-driven strategy can achieve environmentally sustainable and economically viable swine wastewater treatment. Currently, most microalgae-based research focuses on remediation improvement and biomass accumulation, while information on the removal mechanisms and dominant microorganisms is emerging but still limited. In this review, the major removal mechanisms of pollutants and pathogenic bacteria are systematically discussed. In addition, the bacterial and microalgal community during the swine wastewater treatment process are summarized. In general, Blastomonas, Flavobacterium, Skermanella, Calothrix and Sedimentibacter exhibit a high relative abundance. In contrast to the bacterial community, the microalgal community does not change much during swine wastewater treatment. Additionally, the effects of various parameters (characteristics of swine wastewater and cultivation conditions) on microalgal growth and current challenges in the microalgae-driven biotreatment process are comprehensively introduced. This review stresses the need to integrate bacterial and microalgal ecology information into the conventional design of full-scale swine wastewater treatment systems and operations. Herein, future research needs are also proposed, which will facilitate the development and operation of a more efficient microalgae-based swine wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Wenying Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China; College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China.
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Vassileva M, Mocali S, Canfora L, Malusá E, García del Moral LF, Martos V, Flor-Peregrin E, Vassilev N. Safety Level of Microorganism-Bearing Products Applied in Soil-Plant Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862875. [PMID: 35574066 PMCID: PMC9096872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers adversely affects ecological health and soil microbiota provoking loss of soil fertility and greater pathogen and pest presence in soil-plant systems, which further reduce the quality of food and human health. Therefore, the sustainability, circular economy, environmental safety of agricultural production, and health concerns made possible the practical realization of eco-friendly biotechnological approaches like organic matter amendments, biofertilizers, biopesticides, and reuse of agro-industrial wastes by applying novel and traditional methods and processes. However, the advancement in the field of Biotechnology/Agriculture is related to the safety of these microorganism-bearing products. While the existing regulations in this field are well-known and are applied in the preparation and application of waste organic matter and microbial inoculants, more attention should be paid to gene transfer, antibiotic resistance, contamination of the workers and environment in farms and biotech-plants, and microbiome changes. These risks should be carefully assessed, and new analytical tools and regulations should be applied to ensure safe and high-quality food and a healthy environment for people working in the field of bio-based soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vassileva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Stefano Mocali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Canfora
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Rome, Italy
| | - Eligio Malusá
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Center for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | | | - Vanessa Martos
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Flor-Peregrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nikolay Vassilev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Stobnicka-Kupiec A, Gołofit-Szymczak M, Cyprowski M, Górny RL. Detection and identification of potentially infectious gastrointestinal and respiratory viruses at workplaces of wastewater treatment plants with viability qPCR/RT-qPCR. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4517. [PMID: 35296727 PMCID: PMC8924946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the prevalence of the most common respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses in the air, surface swab, and influent/effluent samples collected in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Application of qPCR/RT-qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction/reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction) assays combined with PMA (propidium monoazide) dye pretreatment allowed detecting the potentially infectious and disintegrated viral particles in collected samples. In the air at workplaces in WWTPs, the most frequent isolation with the highest concentrations (reaching up to 103 gc/m3 of potentially infectious intact viral particles) were observed in case of adenoviruses (AdVs) and rotaviruses (RoVs), followed by noroviruses (NoVs). Viruses were significantly more often detected in the air samples collected with Coriolis μ impinger, than with MAS-100NT impactor. The temperature negatively (Spearman correlation: –1 < R < 0; p < 0.05), while RH (relative humidity) positively (0 < R < 1; p < 0.05) affected airborne concentrations of potentially infectious viral particles. In turn, the predominant viruses on studied surfaces were RoVs and noroviruses GII (NoV GII) with concentrations of potentially infectious virions up to 104 gc/100 cm2. In the cases of SARS-CoV-2 and presumptive SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses, their concentrations reached up to 103 gc/100 cm2. The contamination level of steel surfaces in WWTPs was similar to this on plastic ones. This study revealed that the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses at workplaces in WWTPs is important for proper exposure assessment and needs to be included in risk management in occupational environment with high abundance of microbial pollutants derived from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Stobnicka-Kupiec
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Gołofit-Szymczak
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Cyprowski
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał L Górny
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16 Street, Warsaw, Poland
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Effectively Recycling Swine Wastewater by Coagulation–Flocculation of Nonionic Polyacrylamide. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recycling swine wastewater is an environmental and economic issue for promoting the sustainable development of the pig industry worldwide. The application of a flocculant, non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) for treating the contaminants in wastewater was trialed in this study. Firstly, the optimal pH value for the coagulation–flocculation of NPAM was adjusted by hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. The viscosity of the flocculant solution was examined by a rotational viscometer and the morphology of the flocculant on the glass surface was examined by an optical microscope and an atomic force microscope. The result showed that a pH value of 11 or more was best for NPAM coagulation–flocculation. Subsequently, the swine wastewater from the anoxic reactor of a three-stage manure treatment system was adjusted by a pH adjuster, calcium hydroxide, followed by the coagulation–flocculation of NPAM. The quality of the final, treated water was examined by a regular wastewater analysis. The results showed that the removal rates for copper ions, zinc ions, NH4+–N, total phosphate (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) were 96.3%, 97.8%, 99.2%, 94.9%, and 99.1%, respectively. Our study concluded that this water recycling method combining the existing organic fertilizer production and power generation enhanced the recycling strategy for swine wastewater treatment and could further the sustainable development of the pig industry.
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Cadamuro RD, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Fonseca TG, Mass AP, Krohn DMA, Peter NRW, Fongaro G. Enteric viruses in lentic and lotic freshwater habitats from Brazil's Midwest and South regions in the Guarani Aquifer area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31653-31658. [PMID: 33609241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the monitoring of viruses indicating fecal contamination in two distinct regions affected by poor management of wastewater located above the Guarani Aquifer, which is one of the biggest freshwater reservoirs in the world. In the city of Três Lagoas (located in the Midwest region, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul), water samples were collected from Lagoa Maior, a lake used for recreation, and in Concórdia (located in the South region, in the state of Santa Catarina), from the Queimados River, which crosses the urban area. Four sampling sites were monitored from March to July 2018 in Lagoa Maior, and four sampling sites were monitored along the urban part of the Queimados River area over two periods (rainy and dry). Water samples were analyzed by concentration of Human adenovirus (HAdV), Norovirus (NoV), Rotavirus A (RAV), and Hepatitis A virus (HAV) for the Lagoa Maior samples and RVA, HAV, and Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) for the Queimados River samples. All sampling sites presented enteric viruses, demonstrating fecal input and potential contamination of groundwater. Results highlight the need for wastewater management to improve environmental health quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Viancelli
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - William Michelon
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Tauani Gabriela Fonseca
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Apolline Parise Mass
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | | | - Nivia Rosana Weber Peter
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88037-000, Brazil.
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Souza DSM, Tápparo DC, Rogovski P, Cadamuro RD, de Souza EB, da Silva R, Degenhardt R, Lindner JDD, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Kunz A, Treichel H, Hernández M, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Hepatitis E Virus in Manure and Its Removal by Psychrophilic anaerobic Biodigestion in Intensive Production Farms, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2018-2019. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122045. [PMID: 33371202 PMCID: PMC7766788 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important enteric agent that can circulate in swine; it is excreted in manure, and of zoonotic interest. The present study investigated, by RT-qPCR, the circulation of HEV in swine manure from different types of pig farms (maternity, nursery, and grow-finish farms) in Santa Catarina State, the major pig production area of Brazil, and also evaluated the HEV removal efficiency of psychrophilic anaerobic biodigesters (PABs). While HEV was consistently detected in manure from grow-finish pig farms (>4 log HEV genome copies (GC) L−1), the virus was not detected in manure from maternity and nursery farms. These findings suggest a potential high biosafety status during primary-swine production, with a subsequent contamination in grow-finish production. The anaerobic biodigestion process reduced more than 2 log10 HEV GC in the processed swine manure. However, the virus concentration in final effluent remained high, with an average value of 3.85 log10 HEV GC L−1. Consequently, our results demonstrate that PABs can be a robust tool for effective inactivation of HEV, while reinforcing the need for sanitary surveillance and legislation of swine manure-derived biofertilizers, to avoid the spread of zoonotic enteric pathogens such as HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil; (R.D.); (J.D.D.L.)
| | | | - Paula Rogovski
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Estêvão Brasiliense de Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Raphael da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Roberto Degenhardt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil; (R.D.); (J.D.D.L.)
| | - Juliano De Dea Lindner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil; (R.D.); (J.D.D.L.)
| | - Aline Viancelli
- PMPECSA-UnC, University of Contestado, Concórdia, SC 89711-330, Brazil; (A.V.); (W.M.)
| | - William Michelon
- PMPECSA-UnC, University of Contestado, Concórdia, SC 89711-330, Brazil; (A.V.); (W.M.)
| | - Airton Kunz
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC 89715-899, Brazil;
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS 99700-970, Brazil;
| | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, 47071 Valladolid, Spain;
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, 47071 Valladolid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.R.-L.); (G.F.); Tel.: +34-637-451-110 (D.R.-L.)
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-L.); (G.F.); Tel.: +34-637-451-110 (D.R.-L.)
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9
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Tápparo DC, Rogovski P, Cadamuro RD, Marques Souza DS, Bonatto C, Frumi Camargo A, Scapini T, Stefanski F, Amaral A, Kunz A, Hernández M, Treichel H, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Nutritional, Energy and Sanitary Aspects of Swine Manure and Carcass Co-digestion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:333. [PMID: 32411682 PMCID: PMC7200981 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable energy can assist the management of the effects of population growth and rapid economic development on the sustainability of animal husbandry. The primary aim of renewable energy is to minimize the use of fossil fuels via the creation of environmentally friendly energy products from depleted fossil fuels. Digesters that treat swine manure are extensively used in treatment systems; and inclusion of swine carcasses can increase the organic loading rate (OLR) thereby improving biogas yield and productivity on farms. However, the characteristics of the components including animal residues, proteins, lipids, remains of undigested feed items, antimicrobial drug residues, pathogenic microorganisms and nutrient contents, are complex and diverse. It is therefore necessary to manage the anaerobic process stability and digestate purification for subsequent use as fertilizer. Efficient methane recovery from residues rich in lipids is difficult because such residues are only slowly biodegradable. Pretreatment can promote solubilization of lipids and accelerate anaerobic digestion, and pretreatments can process the swine carcass before its introduction onto biodigesters. This review presents an overview of the anaerobic digestion of swine manure and carcasses. We analyze the characteristics of these residues, and we identify strategies to enhance biogas yield and process stability. We consider energy potential, co-digestion of swine manure and carcasses, physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment of biomass, sanitary aspects of swine manure and co-digestates and their recycling as fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisi Cristina Tápparo
- Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Paula Rogovski
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Charline Bonatto
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Aline Frumi Camargo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Thamarys Scapini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Fábio Stefanski
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - André Amaral
- Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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10
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Tápparo DC, Viancelli A, Amaral ACD, Fongaro G, Steinmetz RLR, Magri ME, Barardi CRM, Kunz A. Sanitary effectiveness and biogas yield by anaerobic co-digestion of swine carcasses and manure. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:682-690. [PMID: 30080477 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1508256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and swine carcasses for biogas yield and inactivation/behaviour of pathogens purpose. Biochemical Methane Production tests were performed with samples containing ratios of 3, 7.5 and 15 kgcarcass m-3 manure. For pathogens inactivation experiments known amounts of model microrganisms (sensitive and resistant) were artificially inoculated in anaerobic reactors at 24°C and 37°C. The addition of carcass resulted in an increase until 119% of biogas yield compared to swine manure mono-digestion. Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and PCV2 were reduced >3log10 (24°C or 37°C) during 30 days. At 37°C, MS2 and PhiX-174 were reduced 3log10 and 1.8log10, respectively. At 24°C, MS2 reduced 1.5 log10 and PhiX-174 did not present any decay over 30 days. Considering the most resistant biomarkers pathogens, as bacteriophage, we recommend the swine carcasses pre-treatment, such as high temperatures, for sanitary security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - PPGBB, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - PPGCTA, Erechim, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Elisa Magri
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - PPGBB, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Airton Kunz
- Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Brazil
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11
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de Castro Carvalho SV, Rogovski P, Cadamuro RD, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Dos Reis DA, Santana das Chagas IA, Assenço R, da Silva Lanna MC, Treichel H, Fongaro G. Co-contamination of food products from family farms in an environmental disaster area in Southeast Brazil with pathogenic bacteria and enteric viruses. Arch Virol 2019; 165:715-718. [PMID: 31873766 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the degree of contamination of fresh vegetables, cheeses and jellies from disaster area in Brazil with bacteria and enteric viruses. Food samples (n = 350) were tested for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus spp., and enteric viruses (rotavirus A (RVA), human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and human norovirus (HNoV). E. coli was present in 56% of the samples, Salmonella spp. was present in 14% of the samples, L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus spp. (coagulase-positive) were present in 36% of the samples. The enteric viruses RVA and HAdV were detected in cheeses and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Rogovski
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Viancelli
- University of Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - William Michelon
- University of Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Regiana Assenço
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Treichel
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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12
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Célia da Silva Lanna M, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Castro Carvalho SV, de Almeida Dos Reis D, Fernandez de Salles LA, Sant'Anna IH, Resende LT, de Souza Ferreira C, Aparecido das Chagas I, Hernández M, Treichel H, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Household-based biodigesters promote reduction of enteric virus and bacteria in vulnerable and poverty rural area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:8-13. [PMID: 31146241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the river water quality improvement by implementation of household-based biodigesters in vulnerability and poverty rural area, in Minas Gerais State-Brazil. For that, 78 household-based biodigesters were installed for domestic wastewater treatment. Wastewater was collected before and after treatment and the physicochemical parameters and pathogens removal (human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A (HAV) virus, Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli) were evaluated; Additionally, river water was sampled before and after the household-based biodigesters implementation, to verify the contamination reduction and the positive impact of domestic wastewater treatment on waterborne pathogen reduction, considering HAdV, HAV, Salmonella sp. and E. coli quantification. The applicability in real-scale of decentralized treatment systems using household-based biodigesters promoted reduction of 90, 99, 99.99 and 99.999% from HAV, Salmonella sp., E. coli and HAdV from domestic wastewater, respectively; The river water quality improvement before the wastewater treatment application was highlight in the present study, considering that the reduction of waterborne pathogens in this water in 90, 99.99 and 99.999% of E. coli, HAV and HAdV, respectively (Salmonella sp. was not detected in river water). In general, this is an important study for encouraging the decentralized sanitation in vulnerable and poverty area, as well in rural sites, considering the positive impact of this implementation on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Célia da Silva Lanna
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technological Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Viancelli
- Universidade do Contestado - UNC, PMPECSA, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Wiliam Michelon
- Universidade do Contestado - UNC, PMPECSA, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Deyse de Almeida Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technological Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Iago Hashimoto Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technological Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Teresinha Resende
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technological Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Clovis de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technological Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor Aparecido das Chagas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technological Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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13
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Dos Reis DA, Fongaro G, da Silva Lanna MC, Dias LCP, Santiago ADF. The Relationship Between Human Adenovirus and Metals and Semimetals in the Waters of the Rio Doce, Brazil. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:144-153. [PMID: 30976887 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 2015 rupture of the Fundão dam near the district of Bento Rodrigues in Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil, released around 50 million m3 of iron ore tailings. The first tributary of the Rio Doceto receive this waste was the Gualaxo do Norte River. Many groups in Brazil and from around the world have studied the environmental and social impacts of this disaster. However, relationships between the introduction of mining waste, the geological complexity of the area, and the presence of pathogenic organisms have not yet been investigated. The present study aimed to measure the concentrations of enteric pathogens along the Gualaxo do Norte River after the environmental disaster and to correlate their abundance with the presence of metals and semimetals coming from both mining tailings and geological sources. For this purpose, we collected water samples from 27 stations along the entire basin during a hydrological year. The concentrations of metals and semimetals measured in this study were generally within limits established by national and international legislation, except for those of iron and manganese. Positive correlations between the human adenovirus (HAdV) and arsenic, barium, iron, lead, manganese, and nickel were confirmed, allowing us to observe that there is an abundance of the potentially infectious virus present in the studied sites containing metal/semimetal concentrations. These studies indicate the importance of investigations that consider viral enteric pathogens complexed with metals and may favor the stability and prolongation of the infectivity of such pathogens in water destined for human and animal usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyse Almeida Dos Reis
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Erechim, ERS 135 - km 72, 200, Erechim, RS, 99700-970, Brazil
- University of Contestado Foundation, Campus Concórdia, Street Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia da Silva Lanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Cristina Pinto Dias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Escola de Minas, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago
- Department of Civil Engineering, Escola de Minas, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
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14
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Werneck LMC, Baptista ML, Miagostovich MP, da Silva EE. Dissemination of enteroviruses in the production chain of organic lettuce in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00653. [PMID: 30112824 PMCID: PMC6436427 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to survey the environmental dissemination of enterovirus (EV) in a site of organic lettuce situated in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For this purpose, a total of 96 environmental samples, including water and lettuce samples obtained in different stages of the production chain (e.g., irrigation water, seedlings, lettuces grown, and washed lettuces ready-to-eat), were analyzed. EV genomes were detected in 12.5% (12/96) of the tested samples (eight from irrigation water and 4 from lettuce samples). Levels of viral concentration ranged from 3.37 × 103 to 4.72 × 106 genomic copies per liter (gc L-1 ) and from 2.14 × 104 to 5.56 × 104 genome copies per 25 grams (gc 25 g-1 ) for the water and lettuce samples, respectively. Such findings suggest that the use of viruses as human fecal contamination markers must be considered in order to improve food safety in organic supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M. C. Werneck
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) ‐ National Institute of Quality Control in Health (INCQS)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
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15
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Muhmood A, Lu J, Kadam R, Dong R, Guo J, Wu S. Biochar seeding promotes struvite formation, but accelerates heavy metal accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:623-632. [PMID: 30368191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of biochar seeding (wheat straw biochar and rice husk biochar) on nutrient recovery via struvite formation, and improvements in the particle size of precipitated struvite from anaerobic digestate supernatant. Simultaneously, the influence of biochar seeding on heavy metal accumulation and elimination of pathogens (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) was evaluated under various operational factors, e.g., pH, supersaturation, reaction time, and seeding rates. Compared to the non-seeding process (maximum recovery efficiency of phosphate and ammonium 91% and 83%, respectively, with a particle size of 70 μm) and the struvite-seeding process (maximum recovery efficiency of phosphate and ammonium 97% and 94%, respectively, with a particle size of 100 μm), the process of biochar seeding improved nutrient recovery up to 7% and 11% for phosphate and ammonium, respectively, and increased struvite particle size by 43%, regardless of biochar type. XRD diffraction and FTIR analysis confirmed the prevalence of orthorhombic characteristics and an inner crystalline structure of the struvite formed by biochar seeding. About 75% of total coliforms and 70% of Escherichia coli were removed from the digestate supernatant through seeded struvite precipitation, regardless of the seeding materials. However, the biochar seeding process led to an accumulation of heavy metals in the acquired struvite product than that with non-seeded precipitation process. The concentrations of these metals were still well below permissible limits for application on agricultural land. It can be concluded that the inclusion of biochar as a seeding material might be a sustainable strategy to enhance struvite formation, intensify nutrient recovery, and yield high-quality struvite fertilizer with increased particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Rahul Kadam
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark.
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16
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Muhmood A, Wu S, Lu J, Ajmal Z, Luo H, Dong R. Nutrient recovery from anaerobically digested chicken slurry via struvite: Performance optimization and interactions with heavy metals and pathogens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1-9. [PMID: 29656055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of struvite precipitation to recover nutrients from anaerobically-processed poultry slurry and struvite's interactions with heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni) and pathogens (total coliforms and Escherichia coli). The impacts of pH, Mg, N, and P molar proportion, reaction time, and mixing rate and duration were explored to determine the optimal conditions for nutrient recovery through struvite precipitation. A pH range of 9.5 to 10.5, was ideal for P and N removal and recovery, with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 for Mg:N:P. A mixing rate of 150rpm for 10min could allow nutrient recovery with little loss (3.32%) of NH₃ through volatilization, and also achieve an optimal struvite crystal size (50-60μm). The results of X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the precipitates generated at pH9 and 10 were orthorhombic struvite. Moreover, along with the recovery of nutrients, 40, 45, 66, 30, and 20% of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni, respectively, and 70% total coliforms and E. coli were removed by struvite precipitation from poultry slurry. This was observed despite that the levels of contaminants (heavy metals) detected in struvite were well below the permissible limits and free of pathogens. Consequently, it was inferred that the struvite quality was reasonable by virtue of its heavy metal and pathogen content, and therefore appropriate for application in the field. Similarly, struvite precipitation has multiple benefits as it can effectively recover nutrients as well as reducing pathogenic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark.
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongzhen Luo
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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17
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Quijada NM, Fongaro G, Barardi CRM, Hernández M, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Propidium Monoazide Integrated with qPCR Enables the Detection and Enumeration of Infectious Enteric RNA and DNA Viruses in Clam and Fermented Sausages. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2008. [PMID: 28018329 PMCID: PMC5156952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of foodborne viral outbreaks highlights the need for a rapid and sensitive method for the prediction of viral infectivity in food samples. This study assesses the use of propidium monoazide (PMA) coupled with real-time PCR methods (RT-qPCR or qPCR for RNA or DNA viruses, respectively) in the determination of viral infectivity in complex animal-related food matrices. Clam and Spanish fermented sausage (“chorizo”) samples were spiked with infectious and heat-inactivated human adenovirus-2 (HAdV-2) and mengovirus (vMC0). PMA-qPCR/RT-qPCR discriminated infective virus particles, with significant reductions (>2.7 log10 or 99.7%). Additionally, infectious HAdV-2 and vMC0 were quantified by plaque assay (in plaque forming units, PFU), and compared with those in virus genomes copies (GCs) quantified by PMA-qPCR/RT-qPCR. A consistent correlation (R2 > 0.92) was showed between PFU and GCs along serial 10-fold dilutions in both DNA and RNA virus and in both food matrices. This study shows the use of PMA coupled to qPCR/RT-qPCR as a promising alternative for prediction of viral infectivity in food samples in comparison to more expensive and time-consuming methods and for those viruses that are not able to grow under available cell culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narciso M Quijada
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Célia R M Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y LeónValladolid, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal, Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de ValladolidPalencia, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos Burgos, Spain
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18
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Wang J, Du X, Zhang Y, Li T, Liao X. Effect of Substrate on Identification of Microbial Communities in Poultry Carcass Composting and Microorganisms Associated with Poultry Carcass Decomposition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6838-6847. [PMID: 27548371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three composting systems, which consisted of different ratios of chicken manure, sawdust, and poultry carcasses, were used to investigate the effect of substrate on the identification of microbial communities and microorganisms associated with poultry carcass decomposition by characterizing the microbial communities and physicochemical parameters. The physicochemical and Miseq Illumina sequencing results showed the composition of substrate had a significant effect on the identification and metabolic capabilities of microbial communities in decomposting process. Poultry carcasses might be the potential driver for the identification of bacterial communities in poultry carcass composting, whereas the initial C/N ratio may mainly contribute to the diversity of fungal communities and the similar dominant microbial communities in treatments. Poultry carcasses and initial C/N ratio could respectively affect the composition and abundance of microorganisms associated with the decomposition of poultry carcasses. Understanding the potential composting driver could allow development of an efficient carcass degradation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Du
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, and ‡Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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19
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Fongaro G, Hernández M, García-González MC, Barardi CRM, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Propidium Monoazide Coupled with PCR Predicts Infectivity of Enteric Viruses in Swine Manure and Biofertilized Soil. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2016; 8:79-85. [PMID: 26742766 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of propidium monoazide (PMA) coupled with real-time PCR (RT-qPCR or qPCR for RNA or DNA viruses, respectively) was assessed to discriminate infectious enteric viruses in swine raw manure, swine effluent from anaerobic biodigester (AB) and biofertilized soils. Those samples were spiked either with infectious and heat-inactivated human adenovirus-2 (HAdV-2) or mengovirus (vMC0), and PMA-qPCR/RT-qPCR allowed discriminating inactivated viruses from the infective particles, with significant reductions (>99.9%). Then, the procedure was further assayed to evaluate the presence and stability of two non-cultivable viruses (porcine adenovirus and rotavirus A) in natural samples (swine raw manure, swine effluent from AB and biofertilized soils); it demonstrated viral inactivation during the storage period at 23 °C. As a result, the combination of PMA coupled to real-time PCR can be a promising alternative for prediction of viral infectivity in comparison to more labour-intensive and costly techniques such as animal or tissue-culture infectivity methods, and for those viruses that do not have currently available cell culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal, Tecnología de los Alimentos, E.T.S. Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004, Palencia, Spain
| | | | - Célia Regina Monte Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
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20
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Elmahdy EM, Fongaro G, Schissi CD, Petrucio MM, Barardi CRM. Enteric viruses in surface water and sediment samples from the catchment area of Peri Lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:142-154. [PMID: 26837838 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to quantify human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in surface water and sediments and to determine the viability of HAdV in these samples. Water and sediment samples were collected, and HAdV, RVA, and HAV were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); HAdV was also evaluated for infectivity by a plaque assay (PA). For the water samples, HAdV was detected in 70.8% of the summer collections, with 82.4% containing infectious HAdV; the HAdV incidence in winter was 62.5%. For the sediment samples, the incidence of HAdV was 37.5% in the summer collections, with 66.7% containing infectious HAdV; the HAdV incidence in winter was 37.5%. RVA was detected in 20.8 and 45.8% of surface water samples collected in summer and winter, respectively, and 8.3 and 12.5% of sediment samples collected in summer and winter, respectively. HAV was detected only in surface waters, with 54.8 and 12.5% positivity in summer and winter samples, respectively. This study demonstrated that enteric viruses are present in water and sediments and that the presence of infectious viruses should be investigated whenever possible for quantitative microbial risk assessment studies. Combined analyses of water and sediments are important for reliable public health risk analysis of recreational and lagoon waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Elmahdy
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - G Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - C D Schissi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - M M Petrucio
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Águas Continentais, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-970, Brazil
| | - C R M Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
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Fongaro G, Padilha J, Schissi CD, Nascimento MA, Bampi GB, Viancelli A, Barardi CRM. Human and animal enteric virus in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20060-6. [PMID: 26300358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the presence of human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus-A (RVA), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network waters. The water samples were collected and concentrated and the virus genomes were assessed and quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Infectious HAdV was evaluated in groundwater and network water samples by integrated cell culture using transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) (ICC-RT-qPCR). In recreational water samples, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6), HAV in 66.6 % (4/6), and RVA in 66.6 % (4/6). In network water, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6) of the samples (these 83 % contained infectious HAdV), although HAV and RVA were not detected and PCV2 was not evaluated. In groundwater from deep wells, during rainy period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 80 % (4/5) of the samples, and HAV and PCV2 were not detected; however, during dry period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 60 % (3/5), HAV in only one sample, and PCV2 in 60 % (4/5). In groundwater, all samples contained infectious HAdV. PCV2 presence in groundwater is indicative of contamination caused by swine manure in Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The disinfection of human and animal wastes is urgent, since they can contaminate surface and groundwater, being a potential threat for public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - J Padilha
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - C D Schissi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M A Nascimento
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - G B Bampi
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - A Viancelli
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - C R M Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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McLaughlin MR, Brooks JP, Adeli A, Miles DM. Using broiler litter and swine manure lagoon effluent in sawdust-based swine mortality composts: Effects on nutrients, bacteria, and gaseous emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:265-280. [PMID: 26081729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Disposition of mortalities challenges confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), especially sow (farrowing) farms, which experience mortalities daily. Regulations and transportation costs may preclude incineration, landfill burial, and rendering; therefore, swine CAFOs in Mississippi in the Mid-South U.S. often compost mortalities. In this study, a farm-standard composting mix of sawdust (S) and water (W) was compared with mixes where N was supplied by broiler litter (L) and water was replaced with swine lagoon effluent (E). The objective was to assess the effects of these manure byproducts: 1) on nutrients and bacteria in composts destined for land application; and 2) on emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases. Three replications of four mixes (SW, SLW, SE, SLE) were compared in microcosms comprising modified plastic recycling bins. The experiment was repeated three times in different seasons in one year. Mixes were compared for differences in temperature, water content, nutrients (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), bacteria (Gram-, Gram+, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, Listeria, Escherichia coli), and emissions (NH3, CO2, CH4, N2O). Litter addition increased composting temperatures initially and after aerations; increased nutrient concentrations, except C, in start mixes and all except C and N, in finish mixes; increased Gram+ bacteria, Salmonella, and E. coli in start mixes, but only Gram+s in finish mixes; and increased emissions. Effluent addition increased early composting temperatures; had no effect on nutrients or bacteria, except increased C. perfringens in start, but not finish mixes; and had no effect on emissions. Nutrients in finish composts did not differ among mixes for N (average 3.3%), but litter composts had more P and K, and lower N:P than composts without litter. Improving mortality composting is of global importance as increasing livestock populations and intensive animal production systems require practical, safe, environmentally sound disposal of carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R McLaughlin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Post Office Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - J P Brooks
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Post Office Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - A Adeli
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Post Office Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - D M Miles
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Post Office Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
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