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de Avila E Silva A, da Silva Junior CA, Boechat CL, Della-Silva JL, Teodoro PE, Rossi FS, Teodoro LPR, Pelissari TD, Baio FHR, Lima M. Effect of land uses and land cover on soil attributes in the southern Brazilian Amazon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:709. [PMID: 36008644 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the world population has led to the expansion of agricultural areas to produce food that meets world demand, making it necessary to increase productivity and maintain environmental sustainability in these areas. Seeking sustainable food production, the agricultural use of soil must be assessed in view of optimal use or land as natural resource, as well as minimize the effects of global warming related to land use and land cover (LULC). We hypothesize that different LULC affects Amazonian soil attributes. In this study, the effect of different LULC in the southern Brazilian Amazon, namely, native forest, pasture, and rice and soybean crops, on the spatial variability of soil fertility and texture was assessed, seeking to obtain information that will guide farmers in the near future to better exploit their areas and contribute to a more sustainable agriculture. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the pH, H + Al, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, m, organic matter, clay, silt, and sand values from soil samples under different LULC. To verify the data normality, the Shapiro-Wilk test at 5% significance was performed. Outlier analysis using boxplot graphics, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis was performed. Data were submitted to geostatistical analysis to verify the spatial dependence degree of the variables through semivariograms for interpolated kriging maps. Except for silt, all variables were well represented in the factor map. PCA revealed that the data variability can be explained mainly by pH, V, Ca, K, and Zn values, which are inversely proportional to m, P, and sand. Through geostatistical analysis, spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong was observed, generating reliability in the prediction of most attributes in pasture, rice, and soybean areas. Yet, a spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong was found, generating reliability in the prediction of most attributes in pasture, rice, and soybean areas. Our findings reveal a lower fertility and higher acidity in forest areas, whereas crop areas presented the opposite result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
- Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Chapadão Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mendelson Lima
- State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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2
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Santamans CD, Cordoba FE, Franco MG, Vignoni P, Lupo LC. Hydro-climatological variability in Lagunas de Vilama System, Argentinean Altiplano-Puna Plateau, Southern Tropical Andes (22° S), and its response to large-scale climate forcings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144926. [PMID: 33636778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Altiplano-Puna Plateau holds several shallow lakes, which are very sensitive to climate changes. This work is focused on a high-altitude lake system called Lagunas de Vilama (LVS), located in a complex climatic transition area with scarcity of continuous and homogeneous instrumental records. The objective of this study is to determine the regional spatial-temporal variability of precipitation and evaluate the seasonal and interannual lake responses. We use a lake-surfaces record derived from Landsat images to investigate links with regional precipitations and different climatic forcings. The results reveal that austral summer and autumn precipitations control the variability of the annual lake-surfaces. Also, we found intra-annual and interannual lags in the lake responses to precipitations, and identified several wet and dry stages. Our results show negative trends in precipitations and lake-surfaces, whose were strengthened by a shift to a warm phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the 1990s. The El Niño Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and Southern Annular Mode also exert a strong influence in the region. This study demonstrates that the variability of LVS lakes is strongly related to the South American Monsoon System dynamics and large-scale climate forcings from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This work provides novel indices which demonstrated to be good indicators of regional hydro-climatological variability for this region of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla D Santamans
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET-UNJu, Av. Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina; Instituto de Geología y Minería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Av. Bolivia 1661, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Av. Ítalo Palanca 10, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina.
| | - Francisco E Cordoba
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET-UNJu, Av. Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina; Instituto de Geología y Minería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Av. Bolivia 1661, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Av. Ítalo Palanca 10, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina.
| | - María G Franco
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET-UNJu, Av. Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina; Instituto de Geología y Minería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Av. Bolivia 1661, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, J. B. Alberdi 47, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina.
| | - Paula Vignoni
- Section 4.3 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Liliana C Lupo
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET-UNJu, Av. Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, J. B. Alberdi 47, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy Y4600, Argentina.
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Abstract
In the semi-arid and arid regions of the Chilean Andes, meltwater from the cryosphere is a key resource for the local economy and population. In this setting, climate change and economic activities foster water scarcity and resource conflicts. The study presents a detailed glacier and rock glacier inventory for the Huasco valley (28–29° S) in northern Chile based on a multi-temporal remote sensing approach. The results indicate a glacier-covered area of 16.35 ± 3.06 km2 (n = 167) and, additionally, 50 rock glaciers covering an area of about 8.6 km2 in 2016. About 81% of the ice-bodies are smaller than 0.1 km2, and only four glaciers are larger than 1 km2. The change analysis reveals a more or less stable period between 1986 and 2000 and a drastic decline in the glacier-covered area by about 35% between 2000 and 2016. The detailed assessment of six subregions indicates a more pronounced glacier decrease in the vicinity of the Pascua Lama mining project.
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Aránguiz-Acuña A, Luque JA, Pizarro H, Cerda M, Heine-Fuster I, Valdés J, Fernández-Galego E, Wennrich V. Aquatic community structure as sentinel of recent environmental changes unraveled from lake sedimentary records from the Atacama Desert, Chile. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229453. [PMID: 32084252 PMCID: PMC7034912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atacama Desert (21-26°S) is currently one of the driest places on Earth and metal(loid)s are of special concern for this region, which hosts the largest-known porphyry copper deposits produced in Chile. Evidence of past environmental conditions is commonly preserved in natural archives, such as lacustrine sediments. Sediment records obtained from Inca Coya Lake (22°20'S-68°35'W, 2534 m.a.s.l.), a small lake located in the Atacama Desert, reflected the evolution of regional mining activity during the 20th century and sedimentation associated with decadal climate variability. We studied the aquatic community structure changes recorded in sediment records from Inca Coya Lake. By analysis of magnetic properties (susceptibility, hysteresis curves and Curie temperatures), grain size and geochemical composition of the sediments, we identified environmental periods and changes in the community of benthic and planktonic organisms (diatoms and diapausing egg bank). We identified three detrital episodes that we interpret as dry/wet phases during the last 90 years associated with the increase of flash flood events promoting hypoxia oscillations; anthropogenic (mining activity) signals were also identified. Invertebrate community structure (primary consumers) reflected the metal exposure, measured as changes in assemblage composition through species turnover. Diatom community composition was best associated with variables related to wetter/drier alternation and consequent changes in oxygen availability. Bioindicators analyzed (diatoms, diapausing egg bank and invertebrate community) demonstrated to be excellent indicators of the bioavailability of compounds in the aquatic ecosystem of Inca Coya Lake, allowing the environmental impact assessment of the water resources due to flash floods and mining activity in the driest desert of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA-UCN), Antofagasta, Chile
| | - José A. Luque
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Héctor Pizarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- Laboratório de Biogeoquimica de Ambientes Aquáticos Universidade Federal Fluminense (PPBMAC—UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), UST, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inger Heine-Fuster
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA-UCN), Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge Valdés
- Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Volker Wennrich
- Institute of Geology & Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Urrutia J, Herrera C, Custodio E, Jódar J, Medina A. Groundwater recharge and hydrodynamics of complex volcanic aquifers with a shallow saline lake: Laguna Tuyajto, Andean Cordillera of northern Chile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134116. [PMID: 32380610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estimating groundwater recharge in arid regions with seasonal snow cover, as in the Andean Altiplano of northern Chile, is important for sustainable development policies and the effective management of scarce resources in a high water demanding zone, as fragile ecosystems depends on a stable water contribution. This research aims to evaluate and quantify rainfall and snowfall contribution to aquifer recharge while assessing the factors that control the hydrodynamics in such areas, based in the knowledge of the better documented Tuyajto Lake in the Tuyajto catchment/basin. The modeling framework involves an energy balance of the snow cover, a soil water balance and a groundwater flow and chloride transport model. The basin average annual recharge is about 23% of average precipitation. Snowmelt contribution to recharge is important at altitudes above 4700 m a.s.l. during September, while rainfall is more important in February and March, during short intense precipitation events. The hydraulic conductivity of ignimbrites and other volcanic formations are the most important hydrogeological parameters controlling lake level and spring flow rates, while albedo and snowpack surface roughness length on the energy balance causes the greatest variation of lake level. Evaporation is the process controlling the variability of the lake level, as aquifer contribution remains relatively constant and springs flow variability is not enough to cause the observed variations, except during November. Possible buried salts deposits on the eastern edges of Pampa Colorada and Tuyajto Lake, together with volcanic HCl contribution, justify the high measured groundwater chloride concentrations. A recharge 2-3 higher than the current one is necessary to justify a lake level 40 m above its modern value during the Last Glacial period, giving insight into past hydrological changes in the basin due to climate variability. The knowledge gained can be applied to other high altitude volcanic basins with seasonal snow cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Urrutia
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Christian Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte (UCN), Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Emilio Custodio
- Royal Academy of Sciences, Group of Groundwater Hydrology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Jódar
- Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, Unit in Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Agustín Medina
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
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Herrera C, Gamboa C, Custodio E, Jordan T, Godfrey L, Jódar J, Luque JA, Vargas J, Sáez A. Groundwater origin and recharge in the hyperarid Cordillera de la Costa, Atacama Desert, northern Chile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:114-132. [PMID: 29248702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Cordillera de la Costa is located along the coastline of northern Chile, in the hyperarid Atacama Desert area. Chemical and isotopic analyses of several small coastal springs and groundwater reservoirs between 22.5 °S and 25.5 °S allow understanding groundwater origin, renewal time and the probable timing of recharge. The aquifers are mostly in old volcanic rocks and alluvial deposits. All spring waters are brackish, of the sodium chloride type due to intensive concentration of precipitation due aridity and for deep groundwater to additional water-rock interaction in slowly renewed groundwater and mixing with deep seated brines. The heavy δ18O and δ2H values in spring water are explained by recharge by the arrival of moist air masses from the Pacific Ocean and the originally lighter values in the deep wells can be associated to past recharge by air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean. Current recharge is assumed almost nil but it was significant in past wetter-than-present periods, increasing groundwater reserves, which are not yet exhausted. To explain the observed chloride content and radiocarbon (14C) activity, a well-mixed (exponential) flow model has been considered for aquifer recharge. The average residence time of groundwater feeding the springs has been estimated between 1 and 2kyr, up to 5kyr and between 7 and 13kyr for deep well water, assuming that current recharge is much less than during the previous wetter period. The recharge period feeding the coastal springs could have been produced 1 to 5kyr BP, when the area was already inhabited, and recharge in the Michilla mine was produced during the 10 to 14.5kyr BP CAPE (Central Andean Pluvial Event) pluvial events of the central Andes. The approximate coincidence of turnover time with the past wet periods, as revealed by paleoclimate data, points to significant recharge during them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; CEITSAZA-Research and Technological Center of Water in the Desert, Northern Catholic University, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Carolina Gamboa
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; CEITSAZA-Research and Technological Center of Water in the Desert, Northern Catholic University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Emilio Custodio
- Groundwater Hydrology Group, Dept. Civil and Environmental Eng., Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Royal Academy of Sciences of Spain, Spain
| | - Teresa Jordan
- Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504, USA
| | - Linda Godfrey
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jorge Jódar
- Groundwater Hydrology Group, Dept. Civil and Environmental Eng., Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Hydromodel Host S.L. and Aquageo Proyectos S.L., Spain
| | - José A Luque
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; CEITSAZA-Research and Technological Center of Water in the Desert, Northern Catholic University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jimmy Vargas
- Mining Company Los Pelambres, Av. Apoquindo 4001 Piso 18, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Sáez
- Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franqués s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Echeverría-Vega A, Chong G, Serrano AE, Guajardo M, Encalada O, Parro V, Blanco Y, Rivas L, Rose KC, Moreno-Paz M, Luque JA, Cabrol NA, Demergasso CS. Watershed-Induced Limnological and Microbial Status in Two Oligotrophic Andean Lakes Exposed to the Same Climatic Scenario. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:357. [PMID: 29556224 PMCID: PMC5844981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Laguna Negra and Lo Encañado are two oligotrophic Andean lakes forming part of the system fed by meltwater from distinct glacial tongues of the Echaurren glacier in central Chile, which is in a recession period. The recent increase in temperature and decline in precipitation have led to an increase of glacial meltwater and sediments entering these lakes. Although the lacustrine systems are also hydrogeologically connected, the limnology of the lakes is strongly controlled by the surface processes related to the respective sub-watersheds and hydrology. Watershed characteristics (area and length, slope, lithology, resistance to erosion, among others) affect the chemical and physical characteristics of both lakes (e.g., nutrient concentration and turbidity). We studied physical and chemical variables and performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to determine the specific microbial signature of the lakes. The transparency, temperature, turbidity and concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic matter, nutrients and the total number of cells, revealed the different status of both lakes at the time of sampling. The predominant bacterial groups in both lakes were Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes. Interestingly, the contribution of phototrophs was significantly higher in LN compared to LE (13 and 4% respectively) and the major fraction corresponded to Anoxygenic Phototrophs (AP) represented by Chloroflexi, Alpha, and Betaproteobacteria. Multivariate analyses showed that the nutrient levels and the light availability of both lakes, which finally depend on the hydrological characteristics of the respective watersheds, explain the differential community composition/function. The abundance of a diverse photoheterotrophic bacterioplankton community suggests that the ability to utilize solar energy along with organic and inorganic substrates is a key function in these oligotrophic mountain lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo Chong
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica de Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Antonio E Serrano
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mariela Guajardo
- Centro de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica para la Minería, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Olga Encalada
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Victor Parro
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Blanco
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rivas
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Mercedes Moreno-Paz
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Luque
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica de Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Nathalie A Cabrol
- Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, United States.,Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
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