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Saeed M, Kamboh AA, Huayou C. Promising future of citrus waste into fermented high-quality bio-feed in the poultry nutrition and safe environment. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103549. [PMID: 38387290 PMCID: PMC10899041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO), ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and trace minerals are found in citrus residue. It gives animals energy and promotes health. On a dry matter basis, the citrus pulp is composed of 7% crude protein, 14% crude fiber, 21.6% nitrogen detergent fiber, 2.5% fat, 24.4% total sugars, and 12.1% ME MJ/kg. It has been reported that the natural antioxidant content of citrus pulp has a beneficial effect on growth and microbial and immunological parameters. The literature indicates that the ultimate weight and weight gain of poultry are significantly (P > 0.05) greater with 7.5% inclusion. Growing knowledge of the health benefits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in producing beneficial metabolites has led to interest in developing LAB-containing products for use in biofeed businesses. The consumption of fermented citrus residue significantly decreased blood cholesterol levels. Fermentation results in the production of many compounds (including organic acids, exopolysaccharides, bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), which have many multidimensional functions for maintaining the health and well-being of poultry. During fermentation, the pH may quickly decrease, and harmful bacterial and fungal organisms may be substantially retarded at the early stage of ensiling. The published literature has shown that the fermentation of citrus waste with different probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentocaseus, and Lacticaseiobacillus paracasei, in the diet has fantastic effects on the conversion of citrus waste into fermented high-quality feed with extended shelf life and sensory value. Citrus waste lactic acid fermentation may be a viable option for producing nutritional biofeed for poultry, but there is a lack of related research on poultry, so more research on food-grade bacterial fermentation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, China
| | - Chen Huayou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Dong SY, Luo JC, Chen G, Tian S, Sun H, Xiao XZ, Zhu YC. Enhancement of volatile fatty acids production through anaerobic co-digestion of navel orange residue and waste activated sludge: Effect of pre-treatment and substrate proportions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19777. [PMID: 37809971 PMCID: PMC10559115 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the co-digestion system with Navel orange residues (NOR) and Waste activated sludge (WAS) was established, by pre-treating the NOR and setting different volatile solids (VS) ratios of NOR to WAS to motivate the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The pre-treatment method (pH 7 and temperature 70 °C) promoted the release of dissolved organic matter, and the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased by 45.56% compared with the untreated group (pH 3 and temperature 20 °C). In the co-digestion system, the highest VFA yield (5716.69 mg/L) was obtained at VS ratio of 2. When the VS ratio was increased to 4, the imbalance in proportions of carbon and nitrogen affected VFA production, and the high concentration of essential oils (EO) present in the NOR inhibited the methane production; the cumulative yield of methane gas decreased by 24.10% compared with the yield obtained when the VS ratio was 2. Analysis of microbial community revealed that an increase in the number of VFA-producing microbial populations and the abundance of Methanobacteria resulted in the accumulation of acetic acid. This study demonstrated that co-digestion of NOR with WAS improve VFA production, thus realizing the utilization of solid wastes and reducing environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yan Dong
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Jiangxi Province Ganzhou key laboratory of Basin pollution simulation and Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jin-Cai Luo
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Shuai Tian
- School of Resources Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Zhe Xiao
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yi-Chun Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Ganzhou key laboratory of Basin pollution simulation and Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Jiangxi provincial key laboratory of environmental geo-technology and engineering disaster Control, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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Sreekala AGV, Ismail MHB, Nathan VK. Biotechnological interventions in food waste treatment for obtaining value-added compounds to combat pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62755-62784. [PMID: 35802320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the globe is facing tremendous effects due to the unnecessary piling of municipal solid waste among which food waste holds a greater portion. This practice not only affects the environment in terms of generating greenhouse gas emissions but when left dumped in landfills will also trigger poverty and malnutrition. This review focuses on the global trend in food waste management strategies involved in the effective utilization of food waste to produce various value-added products in a microbiology aspect, thereby diminishing the negative impacts caused by the unnecessary side effects of non-renewable energy sources. The review also detailed the efficiency of microorganisms in the production of various bio-energies as well. Further, recent attempts to the exploitation of genetically modified microorganisms in producing value-added products were enlisted. This also attempted to address food waste valorization techniques, the combined applications of various processes for an enhanced yield of different compounds, and addressed various challenges. Further, the current challenges involved in various processes and the effective measures to tackle them in the future have been addressed. Thus, the present review has successfully addressed the circular bio-economy in food waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Heikal Bin Ismail
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Vinod Kumar Nathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Awasthi MK, Lukitawesa L, Duan Y, Taherzadeh MJ, Zhang Z. Bacterial dynamics during the anaerobic digestion of toxic citrus fruit waste and semi-continues volatile fatty acids production in membrane bioreactors. FUEL 2022; 319:123812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Sharma P, Vishvakarma R, Gautam K, Vimal A, Kumar Gaur V, Farooqui A, Varjani S, Younis K. Valorization of citrus peel waste for the sustainable production of value-added products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127064. [PMID: 35351555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globally the generation and mismanagement of waste from fruit processing and post-harvest impose a severe burden on waste management strategies along with environmental pollution, health hazards. Citrus waste is one of such worrying fruit waste, which is rich in several value-added chemicals, including pectin. Pectin is a prebiotic polysaccharide possessing a multitude of health benefits. Citrus pectin has excellent gelling, thickening, water holding capacity, and encapsulating properties, which pave its functionality in versatile industrial fields including food processing and preservation, drug and therapeutic agents, cosmetics, and personal care products. The utilization of citrus wastes to derive valuable bioproducts can offer an effective approach towards sustainable waste management. With the ever-increasing demand, several strategies have been devised to increase the efficiency of pectin recovery from citrus waste. This review article discusses the sources, effect, and technology-mediated valorization of citrus waste, the functional and nutritive application of pectin along with its socio-economic and environmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Vishvakarma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Vimal
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Kaiser Younis
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026 Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Raclavská H, Růžičková J, Juchelková D, Šafář M, Brťková H, Slamová K. The quality of composts prepared in automatic composters from fruit waste generated by the production of beverages. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125878. [PMID: 34523548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring the processing of food waste from the production of food and beverages intheautomatic composters can be difficult because of the physicochemical properties of input raw materials. Very often, the final product does not meet the requirements forcomposts according to the European Compost Network. Optimisation of input food waste from theproduction ofbeverages was performed by the addition of the bulk materials such assawdust and clay minerals (bentonite). Toxicity of the compost is caused by organic compounds with polar and non-polar properties. These compounds belong to the groups ofalcohols, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, tannin, and phenols, coumarins and terpenes. Phytotoxicity is mostly influenced by the group of terpenes. The addition ofsawdust used as bulking agent decreases the concentrations of almost all chemical compounds. Thegroup of tannin and compounds containing phenols represents an exception because these compounds are released from sawdust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Raclavská
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Růžičková
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šafář
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Brťková
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Slamová
- Institute of Foreign Languages, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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Chen W, Zhou Y, Chen Y. The environmental impacts of citrus residue management in China: A case study in The Three Gorges Reservoir Region. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 133:80-88. [PMID: 34388535 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted the first life cycle analysis for citrus residue (CR) management systems in China. The results indicated conventional waste treatment systems were not suitable for CR management in China. Although feed system seems to be a favourable option, the uncertainty analysis suggested valorisation system could achieved better performance in global warming, eutrophication and human toxicity. The environmental impacts of valorisation systems were more sensitive to energy consumption. For silage and single cell protein (SCP) system, the environmental impacts could be significantly reduced by improving the energy use efficiency or using more renewable energy. In comparison, although the environmental impacts of biorefinery system were less favourable than SCP and silage systems. The multiple extraction unit had less impact than reported values in other studies. Further research in biorefinery system can focus on increasing the energy efficiency of pre-treatment or reuse of extraction chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yueming Zhou
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Youpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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Torrisi B, Allegra M, Amenta M, Gentile F, Rapisarda P, Fabroni S, Ferlito F. Physico-chemical and multielemental traits of anaerobic digestate from Mediterranean agro-industrial wastes and assessment as fertiliser for citrus nurseries. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:201-213. [PMID: 34167040 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches have demonstrated the bioenergetic potential of agri-food Mediterranean wastes showing that anaerobic co-digestion is a valuable solution for Mediterranean areas. This implies a great interest for anaerobic digestates use in agriculture to replace fertilizers. The present study aimed at: i) producing knowledge on continuous anaerobic co-digestion of feedstock mixture composed by different Mediterranean agri-food wastes in terms of multielemental characterization and ii) assessing the agronomic value of industrial anaerobic digestate (AD) based on the potential as fertiliser in nursery condition for the citrus seedlings. Results have demonstrated that agro-industrial biomasses have great potentiality to be converted by anaerobic digestion in biofertilizer to be used in citrus nurseries as sustainable alternative to mineral fertilisers. Multielemental traits of the tested AD were valuable in terms of nutritional supply for the growth and development of the plant. AD was useful to replace the mineral fertilizers in terms of total N content (10.81 ± 0.32 %TS) and organic matter (43.32 ± 0.80 %TS). The seedlings nutritive status showed that no need for supplemental of nutrients was requested. Volkamer lemon highly benefited from the administration of liquid digestate, increasing the total chlorophyll level (2.97 ± 0.31 mg g-1 FW) presumably due to the higher ammonium content of the AD (59 ± 0.08 %TKN). Besides providing useful tools for citrus nurseries for conceiving new sustainable fertilization strategies, this study is a starting point for further in-depth works on physiological status and traits of citrus plants fertilized by using agro-industrial anaerobic digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Torrisi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Maria Allegra
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Margherita Amenta
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Fausto Gentile
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Paolo Rapisarda
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy.
| | - Filippo Ferlito
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
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Zayed A, Badawy MT, Farag MA. Valorization and extraction optimization of Citrus seeds for food and functional food applications. Food Chem 2021; 355:129609. [PMID: 33799261 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Valorization of food byproducts has attracted recently considerable attention. Citrus fruits provide considerable non-edible residues reach 80% in juice production. They are considered agri-wastes to comprise peel, pulp and seeds. Previous investigations have focused on peel and pulp to recover value-added products. The review presents for the first-time phytochemical composition of Citrus seeds' products, i.e., oil and extracts. Fatty acids, phytosterols and tocopherols amounted as the major bioactives in Citrus seeds, in addition to limonoids, dietary fibers and flavonoids. Besides their nutritional values, these chemicals have promising applications including production of biodiesel, food enhancers and antioxidants, especially from mandarin and grapefruit seeds. Optimum conditions of the different Citrus seeds' valorization are discussed to improve extraction yield and lessen environmental hazards of solvent extraction. This review presents the best utilization practices for one of the largest cultivated fruit seeds worldwide and its different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-guish Street, 31527 Tanta, Egypt; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marwa T Badawy
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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Teigiserova DA, Tiruta-Barna L, Ahmadi A, Hamelin L, Thomsen M. A step closer to circular bioeconomy for citrus peel waste: A review of yields and technologies for sustainable management of essential oils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111832. [PMID: 33360259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a critical overview of reported essential oil (EO) extractions from citrus peel wastes (CPW), including harmonized data on the various citrus species and cultivars. Harmonization is vital to enable sustainable management practices. The review only includes eco-efficient extraction techniques. In total, the review contains 66 quantified examples using i) mechanical cold press ii) thermal extraction with water or steam media iii) thermal microwave-assisted extraction iv) other innovative methods (such as ultrasound). The technologies were assessed for their potential use in cascading production to achieve economies of scope, particularly considering the use of extraction residues for subsequent fermentation to produce various products from energy carriers to enzymes. Two techniques were found insufficient for direct use in fermentation. Cold press extracts an inadequate amount of EO (average yield 2.85% DW) to ensure suitable fermentation, while solvent extraction contaminates the residues for its subsequent use. Extractions using water media, such as hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (average EO yield 2.87% DW), are feasible for the liquid-based fermentation processes, such as submerged fermentation. Steam extraction is feasible for any type of fermentation. Our review highlighted solvent-free microwave extraction (average EO yield 5.29% DW) as the most effective method, which provides a high yield in a short extraction time. We also uncovered and discussed several inconsistencies in existing yields and energy consumption published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Alexa Teigiserova
- Research Group on EcoIndustrial System Analysis, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Postboks 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Denmark.
| | - Ligia Tiruta-Barna
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Aras Ahmadi
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Lorie Hamelin
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marianne Thomsen
- Research Group on EcoIndustrial System Analysis, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Postboks 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Denmark.
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11
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Semi-continuous production of volatile fatty acids from citrus waste using membrane bioreactors. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Su D, Zhu X, Adhikari B, Li D, Wang L. Effect of high-pressure homogenization on the rheology, microstructure and fractal dimension of citrus fiber-oil dispersions. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anticona M, Blesa J, Frigola A, Esteve MJ. High Biological Value Compounds Extraction from Citrus Waste with Non-Conventional Methods. Foods 2020; 9:E811. [PMID: 32575685 PMCID: PMC7353614 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are extensively grown and much consumed around the world. Eighteen percent of total citrus cultivars are destined for industrial processes, and as a consequence, large amounts of waste are generated. Citrus waste is a potential source of high biological value compounds, which can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries but whose final disposal may pose a problem due to economic and environmental factors. At the same time, the emerging need to reduce the environmental impact of citrus waste and its responsible management has increased. For these reasons, the study of the use of non-conventional methods to extract high biological value compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, essential oils, and pectins from this type of waste has become more urgent in recent years. In this review, the effectiveness of technologies such as ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized water extraction, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electric discharges, and high hydrostatic pressures is described and assessed. A wide range of information concerning the principal non-conventional methods employed to obtain high-biological-value compounds from citrus waste as well as the most influencing factors about each technology are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Jose Esteve
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda., Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.A.); (J.B.); (A.F.)
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Potential Recovery of Biogas from Lime Waste after Juice Extraction Using Solid–Liquid Extraction Process. RECYCLING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large percentage of fruit mass is left as waste after the consumption or processing of citrus fruits. The inappropriate disposal of these wastes directly leads to environmental and economic concerns. However, scientific investigations have demonstrated that citrus wastes, due to their high concentration in soluble sugars, can be a source of cellulosic biomass for biogas recovery. d-Limonene, the major constituent of essential oils present in citrus wastes, is however, known to hamper the conversion process of citrus wastes to biogas. With the aim of improving biogas production, a study on the pre-treatment of lime fruit waste to reduce the effect of d-limonene was carried out. The pre-treatment process was done using hexane as the solvent in a solid–liquid extraction process to leach out essential oils from lime wastes. Solid–liquid extraction was carried out in a Soxhlet apparatus with pulverized lime waste at 68 °C for 180 min; then the residue was washed and aerated. From the pre-treatment procedure, 21.3 mL of essential oil was recovered, indicating an oil yield of 3.8%. Substrates of untreated and pre-treated lime waste were digested in batches under mesophilic conditions for a period of 28 days. The biogas yield of each substrate was evaluated and the results compared. Substrate of untreated lime waste yielded 66.9 mL/g VS. biogas after the digestion period. In comparison, pre-treated lime waste gave a better biogas yield of 93.2 mL/g VS. after 28 days, indicating an improvement in biogas yield by about 40%. The findings of this research show that there is a viable recovery option of biogas from lime waste, and recommendations of this research can be further explored to develop an economically viable biogas plant process that efficiently utilizes citrus wastes. This would boost the drive of government towards alternative sources of energy and also fulfil two of the sustainable development goals presented by the United Nations.
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Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Swine Wastewater Treatments Using Ammonia Stripping and Anaerobic Digestion: A Short Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising systems to treat swine wastewater is air stripping. This system simultaneously recovers nitrogen salts, to be used as fertiliser, and reduces the organic pollutant load in the effluents of swine breeding farms. Several reviews have discussed the air stripping as a treatment for many types of industrial wastewater or nitrogen-rich digestate (the liquid effluent derived from the anaerobic digestion plants) for the stripping/recovery of nutrients. However, reviews about the use of air stripping as treatment for raw or anaerobically digested swine wastewater are not available in literature. To fill this gap, this study: (i) Summarises the experiences of air stripping for recovery of ammonium salts from both raw and digested swine wastewater; and (ii) compares air stripping efficiency under different operational conditions. Moreover, combined systems including air stripping (such as struvite crystallisation, chemical precipitation, microwave radiation) have been compared. These comparisons have shown that air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater fits well the concept of bio-refinery, because this system allows the sustainable management of the piggery effluent by extracting value-added compounds, by-products, and/or energy from wastewater. On the other hand, air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater has not been extensively studied and more investigations should be carried out.
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16
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Shu B, Wu G, Wang Z, Wang J, Huang F, Dong L, Zhang R, Wang Y, Su D. The effect of microwave vacuum drying process on citrus: drying kinetics, physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of dried citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peel. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Qi X, Zheng Y, Tang N, Zhou J, Sun S. Bioconversion of citrus peel wastes into bioflocculants and their application in the removal of microcystins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136885. [PMID: 32041043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism for converting citrus peel wastes (CPW) into bioflocculants using Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus ZY-16 was analysed. The results demonstrated that the ZY-16 strain could produce various lignocellulolytic enzymes, containing cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, protease, and ligninase, enhancing the hydrolysis of citrus peel wastes. Molecular distillation removes antimicrobial limonene, which could inhibit bioflocculant production. The optimal fermentation conditions with the highest bioflocculant yield (3.49 g/L) were 38.79 g/L of CPW, 35.54 °C, and pH 4.48. Furthermore, the bioflocculant was used to eliminate microcystins for the first time, and the highest removal efficiency (90.05%) was achieved at a pH of 3.0, after 800 mg/L of bioflocculant was added into the microcystins solution (10 mg/L) for 60 min. Therefore, this paper demonstrated that CPW could be a cost-effective feedstock for the production of bioflocculants, which have potential application in microcystin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Ningjia Tang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Su Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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18
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Meena RAA, Rajesh Banu J, Yukesh Kannah R, Yogalakshmi KN, Kumar G. Biohythane production from food processing wastes - Challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122449. [PMID: 31784253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The food industry generates enormous quantity of food waste (FW) either directly or indirectly including the processing sector, which turned into biofuels for waste remediation. Six types of food processing wastes (FPW) such as oil, fruit and vegetable, dairy, brewery, livestock and finally agriculture based materials that get treated via dark fermentation/anaerobic digestion has been discussed. Production of both hydrogen and methane is daunting for oil, fruit and vegetable processing wastes because of the presence of polyphenols and essential oils. Moreover, acidic pH and high protein are the reasons for increased concentration of ammonia and accumulation of volatile fatty acids in FPW, especially in dairy, brewery, and livestock waste streams. Moreover, the review brought to forefront the enhancing methods, (pretreatment and co-digestion) operational, and environmental parameters that can influence the production of biohythane. Finally, the nature of feedstock's role in achieving successful circular bio economy is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, India
| | - K N Yogalakshmi
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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19
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Wastewater Management in Citrus Processing Industries: An Overview of Advantages and Limits. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Citrus-processing industries produce large volumes of wastewater (CPWW). The large variability of these volumes coupled to physicochemical characteristics of CPWW determine severe constraints for their disposal due to both economic and environmental factors. To minimize the management costs and prevent the negative ecological impacts of CPWW, several systems have been proposed and adopted. However, all these treatment/valorization routes have many issues that are not yet thoroughly known by the scientific community and stakeholders of the citrus-processing chain. This paper reports an overview of the possible treatment/valorization opportunities for CPWW: intensive biological treatment, lagooning, direct land application, energy conversion, and biorefinery uses for the extraction of added-value compounds. Advantages and constraints are presented and discussed, and the following conclusions are achieved: (i) there is not a unique solution for CPWW treatment, since the best management system of CPWW must be chosen case by case, taking into account the quality/quantity of the effluent and the location of the transformation industry; (ii) the adoption of a biorefinery approach can increase the competitiveness and the further development of the whole citrus sector, but the cost of novel technologies (some of which have not been tested at real scale) still limits their development.
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20
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Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Orange Peel Waste: Effect of Activated Carbon Addition and Alkaline Pretreatment on the Process. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11123386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of orange peel waste (OPW) is sought worldwide mainly via anaerobic digestion. A common problem encountered during the biological treatment is the seasonality of its production and the presence of d-Limonene. The latter is a typical anti-microbial compound. This work aims to evaluate the effect of the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) combined with alkaline pretreatment to enhance methane generation during semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of OPW. The experimental design consisted of two groups of experiments, A and B. Experiment A was designed to verify the maximum OPW loading and to assess the effect of pH and nutrients on the process. Experiment B was designed to study the effect of alkaline pretreatment alone and of alkaline pretreatment aided by biochar addition to the process. Apart from the methane yields, the d-Limonene contents were measured in all experiments. The preliminary results showed that OPW alkaline pretreatment after the addition of a moderate amount of GAC can render anaerobic digestion of OPW sustainable as long as the organic loading does not exceed 2 gVS·L−1·day−1 and nutrients are supplemented. The experiment in which GAC was added after alkaline pretreatment resulted in the highest methane yield and reactor stability.
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21
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de la Torre I, Martin-Dominguez V, Acedos MG, Esteban J, Santos VE, Ladero M. Utilisation/upgrading of orange peel waste from a biological biorefinery perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5975-5991. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Liu Y, Chen J, Song J, Hai Z, Lu X, Ji X, Wang C. Adjusting the rheological properties of corn-straw slurry to reduce the agitation power consumption in anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:360-369. [PMID: 30384211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agitation power consumption (P) in the anaerobic digestion of biogas plants is a major consumer of electric energy. To reduce P by adjusting the rheological properties, in this work, the rheological properties of the corn-straw slurry were studied systematically considering the effects of TS, temperature and particle-size, and P was calculated based on the rheological behavior of the corn-straw slurry. The investigation shows that the corn-straw slurry is a non-Newtonian fluid and exhibit shear-thinning behavior, and the rheological properties can be well described with the power law model. The size-reduction is more effective compared to the option of temperature-increase to improve the agitation power efficiency, and the value of P can be reduced by up to 48.11%. Since the size-reduction can also increase the methane yield, the reduction of the particle-size is a promising option to save P, especially at relatively high TSs and for the thermophilic AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhong Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Changsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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23
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Biofuel Production and Phosphorus Recovery through an Integrated Treatment of Agro-Industrial Waste. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop an integrated treatment of agro-industrial waste for biofuel (biogas and syngas) production and for phosphorus recovery. In the first step, an anaerobic digestion (AD) process was carried out on two different mixtures of raw agro-industrial residues. Specifically, a mixture of asparagus and tomato wastes (mixture-1) and a mixture of potatoes and kiwifruit residues (mixture-2) were investigated. The results proved that the properties of mixtures notably affect the evolution of the digestion process. Indeed, despite the lower organic load, the maximum biogas yield, of about 0.44 L/gCODremoved, was obtained for mixture-1. For mixture-2, the digestion process was hindered by the accumulation of acidity due to the lack of alkalinity in respect to the amount of volatile fatty acids. In the second step, the digestates from AD were utilized for syngas production using supercritical water gasification (SCWG) at 450 °C and 250 bar. Both the digestates were rapidly converted into syngas, which was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CH4, and CO. The maximum values of global gasification efficiency, equal to 56.5 g/kgCOD, and gas yield, equal to 1.8 mol/kgTS, were detected for mixture-2. The last step of the integrated treatment aimed to recover the phosphorus content, in the form of MgKPO4ˑ6H2O, from the residual liquid fraction of SCWG. The experimental results proved that at pH = 10 and Mg/P = 1 it is possible to obtain almost complete phosphorus removal. Moreover, by using the scanning electronic microscopy, it was demonstrated that the produced precipitate was effectively composed of magnesium potassium phosphate crystals.
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24
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Zema DA, Calabrò PS, Folino A, Tamburino V, Zappia G, Zimbone SM. Valorisation of citrus processing waste: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:252-273. [PMID: 30455006 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of citrus peel waste and discusses the systems for its valorisation. Citrus peel waste (CPW) is the main residue of the citrus processing industries and is characterised by a seasonal production (which often requires biomass storage) as well as high water content and concentration of essential oils. The disposal of CPW has considerable constraints due to both economic and environmental factors. Currently this residue is mainly used as food for animals, thanks to its nutritional capacity. If enough agricultural land is available close to the processing industries, the use of CPW as organic soil conditioner or as substrate for compost production is also possible, thus improving the organic matter content of the soil. Recently, the possibility of its valorisation for biomethane or bioethanol production has been evaluated by several studies, but currently more research is needed to overcome the toxic effects of the essential oils on the microbial community. Considering the high added value of the compounds that can be recovered from CPW, it has promising potential uses: in the food industry (for production of pectin, dietary fibres, etc.), and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries (extraction of flavonoids, flavouring agents and citric acid). However, in many cases, these uses are still not economically sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Zema
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - P S Calabrò
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, via Graziella, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - A Folino
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - V Tamburino
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - G Zappia
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - S M Zimbone
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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