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Novais MH, Penha AM, Catarino A, Martins I, Fialho S, Lima A, Morais M, Palma P. The usefulness of ecotoxicological tools to improve the assessment of water bodies in a climate change reality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166392. [PMID: 37597569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the added value of using ecotoxicological tools to complement and improve the assessment of natural water bodies status, in situations of climate change, with a higher frequency of extreme events as floods or droughts. Four water bodies of streams in the Guadiana Basin (Álamos, Amieira, Lucefécit, Zebro) were studied in 2017 and 2018 and classified based on the Water Framework Directive (WFD) parameters: Biological Quality Element - Phytobenthos (diatoms), General chemical and physicochemical elements, Specific pollutants, and Priority Substances. Complementarily, bioassays (including lethal and sublethal parameters) were carried out with organisms of different trophic levels: (i) the bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri; (ii) the microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; (iii) the crustaceans Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Heterocypris incongruens. A classification system with 5 scores was developed, permitting to classify water bodies from non-toxic (EC50 > 100 %; growth and feeding rate > 80 %; blue) to highly toxic (EC50 < 10 %; growth and feeding rate < 10 %; red). The comparison between the classification based on the WFD parameters and on ecotoxicological endpoints showed similar results for 71 % of the samples, and significant positive Pearson correlations were detected between the diatom-based Specific Polluosensitivity Index (SPI) and EC50V.fisheri, the algae growth rate and Shannon diversity index. These results indicate that when the biological quality elements cannot be used (namely under drought or flooding conditions) the application of ecotoxicological bioassays may be a good alternative. Further, when ecotoxicological parameters were included, an increase of worse classifications (Bad and Poor) was observed, revealing an improvement in the sensitivity of the classification, mainly in presence of specific and priority substances. So, the ecotoxicological analysis appears to provide useful information regarding the potential presence of both known and unknown contaminants at concentrations that cause biological effects (even within the WFD limits), in agreement with several authors that have already suggested its use in biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Novais
- ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal; Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P.I.T.E. Rua da Barba Rala N(o) 1, 7005-345 Évora, Portugal.
| | - A Marchã Penha
- ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal; Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P.I.T.E. Rua da Barba Rala N(o) 1, 7005-345 Évora, Portugal
| | - A Catarino
- ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal; Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - I Martins
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - S Fialho
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - A Lima
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - M Morais
- ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal; Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P.I.T.E. Rua da Barba Rala N(o) 1, 7005-345 Évora, Portugal
| | - P Palma
- ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal; Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal; GeoBioTec, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Heß S, Hof D, Oetken M, Sundermann A. Effects of multiple stressors on benthic invertebrates using Water Framework Directive monitoring data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162952. [PMID: 36948311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors affect freshwater systems and cause a deficient ecological status according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). To select effective mitigation measures and improve the ecological status, knowledge on the stressor hierarchy and individual and joined effects is necessary. However, compared to common stressors like nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation, the relative importance of micropollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals is largely unaddressed. We used WFD monitoring data from Saxony (Germany) to investigate the importance of 85 environmental variables (including 34 micropollutants) for 18 benthic invertebrate metrics at 108 sites. The environmental variables were assigned to five groups (natural factors, nutrient enrichment, metals, micropollutants and morphological degradation) and were ranked according to their relative importance as group and individually within and across groups using Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs). Overall, natural factors contributed the most to the total explained deviance of the models. This variable group represented not only typological differences between sampling sites but also a gradient of human impact by strongly anthropogenically influenced variables such as electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen. These large-scale effects can mask the individual importance of the other variable groups, which may act more specifically at a subset of sites. Accordingly, micropollutants were not represented by a few dominant variables but rather a diverse palette of different chemicals with similar contribution. As a group, micropollutants contributed similarly as metals, nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation. However, the importance of micropollutants might be underestimated due to limitations of the current chemical monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heß
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Delia Hof
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Sundermann
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Alvarenga P, Martins M, Ribeiro H, Mota M, Guerra I, Cardoso H, Silva JL. Evaluation of the fertilizer potential of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus grown in agricultural drainage water from maize fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160670. [PMID: 36473664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Producing microalgae with agricultural drainage water (ADW) allows recycling water and nutrients, with the production of a biofertilizer, avoiding receiving waters' contamination. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus were cultivated using ADW and standard media supplementation and presented higher productivities, relatively to the control industrial growth medium (using freshwater). Selected strains were grown outdoors in pilot flat panel photobioreactors, reaching 2.20 g L-1 for S. obliquus and 1.15 g L-1 for C. vulgaris, and degrading herbicides in the ADW to non-quantifiable concentrations. The potential of the C. vulgaris and S. obliquus suspensions to replace 50% of nitrogen (N) mineral fertilization of lettuce (0.5 g pot-1) was evaluated through a pot trial, also using a 2-times (1.0 g pot-1) and 5-times (2.5 g pot-1) higher dose, applied 31 days before lettuce transplanting. Even the lower dose of N, applied via C. vulgaris or S. obliquus suspensions, was able to provide significantly higher lettuce fresh matter yield, relatively to the mineral fertilized control. Soil enzymatic activities were improved, with significantly higher dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase activities for the 2.5 g pot-1 dose, more marked for S. obliquus, which was also able to increase soil organic matter content. Both the non-fertilized control and microalgae fertilized pots led to similar soil electrical conductivities, 3-fold lower than in the N-mineral fertilized pots, evidencing the capacity of microalgae fertilizers to avoid soil secondary salinization. Results suggest benefits from using ADW from maize cultivation to produce C. vulgaris or S. obliquus suspensions, that can be further used as liquid organic slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alvarenga
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marta Martins
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique Ribeiro
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Mota
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra
- ALLMICROALGAE - Natural Products, SA, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal(1)
| | - Helena Cardoso
- ALLMICROALGAE - Natural Products, SA, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal(1)
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Mierzejewska E, Urbaniak M, Zagibajło K, Vangronsveld J, Thijs S. The Effect of Syringic Acid and Phenoxy Herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) on Soil, Rhizosphere, and Plant Endosphere Microbiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882228. [PMID: 35712561 PMCID: PMC9195007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The integration of phytoremediation and biostimulation can improve pollutant removal from the environment. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), which are structurally related to xenobiotics, can stimulate the presence of microbial community members, exhibiting specialized functions toward detoxifying, and thus mitigating soil toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of enrichment of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) contaminated soil (unplanted and zucchini-planted) with syringic acid (SA) on the bacterial community structure in soil, the rhizosphere, and zucchini endosphere. Additionally, we measured the concentration of MCPA in soil and fresh biomass of zucchini. The diversity of bacterial communities differed significantly between the studied compartments (i.e., unplanted soil, rhizospheric soil, and plant endosphere: roots or leaves) and between used treatments (MCPA or/and SA application). The highest diversity indices were observed for unplanted soil and rhizosphere. Although the lowest diversity was observed among leaf endophytes, this community was significantly affected by MCPA or SA: the compounds applied separately favored the growth of Actinobacteria (especially Pseudarthrobacter), while their simultaneous addition promoted the growth of Firmicutes (especially Psychrobacillus). The application of MCPA + SA together lead also to enhanced growth of Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Sphingomonas, and Pandoraea in the rhizosphere, while SA increased the occurrence of Pseudomonas in leaves. In addition, SA appeared to have a positive influence on the degradative potential of the bacterial communities against MCPA: its addition, followed by zucchini planting, significantly increased the removal of the herbicide (50%) from the soil without affecting, neither positively nor negatively, the plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Mierzejewska
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Elżbieta Mierzejewska,
| | - Magdalena Urbaniak
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zagibajło
- Food Safety Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Assessment of the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Evaluation of the Water Quality of Portuguese Reservoirs: An Experimental Approach. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13233391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reservoirs are dynamic ecosystems subject to different pressures that influence and compromise their ecological structure. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of using the macroinvertebrate to assess the water quality of four reservoirs (one site in Miranda—M and Pocinho—P; four sites in Aguieira—Ag1 to Ag4; and five sites in Alqueva—Al1 to Al5). The sites were sampled in autumn 2018 (A18), spring and autumn 2019 (S19 and A19) and spring 2020 (S20). In situ physical and chemical parameters were measured and a sample of water and macroinvertebrate were collected for further analyses. Total phosphorus exceeded the allowed concentrations (maximum values recorded: M—0.13 mg/L, P—0.09 mg/L, Ag3—0.22 mg/L and Al5—0.18 mg/L). Total abundance varied between 4 and 3088. Taxonomic richness was always low, between 1 and 12 taxa. The highest Shannon–Wiener value (1.91) was recorded in Ag1_A18 and Al2_A18. Pielou’s evenness varied widely across all reservoirs, from 0.06 to 0.92. Almost all the organisms found were associated with polluted water, according to the index ratings. Organisms tolerant of disturbances (e.g., Chironomidae and Oligochaeta) were associated with sites with the worst water quality, according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD), (M, Ag3, Ag4 and Al5) while organisms with moderate tolerance to disturbances (e.g., Cordullidae and Polycentropodidae) were associated with sites with better water quality (P, Ag1, Ag2 and Al1 to Al4). The macrozoobenthos index (MZB) used proved to be a sensitive tool to Portuguese reservoirs, corroborating most of the results obtained in the remaining analyses, as well as providing a clear ecological potential complementing the analysis carried out by the WFD. Based on this, the macroinvertebrate community appeared to be sensitive and able to characterize the reservoirs’ water quality.
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6
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Chancay JE, Lucas-Solis O, Alvear-S D, Martínez-R D, Mena G, Zurita B, Carrasco-S L, Carrillo H, Segarra V, Naranjo E, Coronel B, Espinosa R, Cabrera M, Capparelli MV, Celi JE. Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess freshwater ecosystem health in a tropical river basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117796. [PMID: 34358870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of freshwater ecosystems by uncontrolled human activities is a growing concern in the tropics. In this regard, we aimed at testing an integrative framework based on the IFEQ index to assess freshwater ecosystem health of river basins impacted by intense livestock and agricultural activities, using the Muchacho River Basin (MRB) as a case study. The IFEQ combine multiple lines of evidence such as riverine hydromorphological analysis (LOE 1), physicochemical characterization using ions and pesticides (LOE 2), aquatic macroinvertebrate monitoring (LOE 3), and phytotoxicological essays with L. sativa (LOE 4). Overall, results showed an important reduction in streamflow and an elevated increase in ion concentrations along the MRB caused by deforestation and erosion linked to agricultural and livestock activities. Impacts of the high ion concentrations were evidenced in macroinvertebrate communities as pollution-tolerant families, associated with high conductivity levels, represented 92 % of the total abundance. Pollution produced by organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) was critical in the whole MRB, showing levels that exceeded 270-fold maximum threshold for malathion and 30-fold for parathion, the latter banned in Ecuador. OPPs concentrations were related to low germination percentages of Lactuca sativa in sediment phytotoxicity tests. The IEFQ index ranged from 44.4 to 25.6, indicating that freshwater ecosystem conditions were "bad" at the headwaters of the MRB and "critical" along the lowest reaches. Our results show strong evidence that intense agricultural and livestock activities generated significant impacts on the aquatic ecosystem of the MRB. This integrative approach better explains the cumulative effects of human impacts, and should be replicated in other basins with similar conditions to help decision-makers and concerned inhabitants generate adequate policies and strategies to mitigate the degradation of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseth E Chancay
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Oscar Lucas-Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Alvear-S
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Dayana Martínez-R
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Gisella Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Bryan Zurita
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Luis Carrasco-S
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Henry Carrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Víctor Segarra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Elizabeth Naranjo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Brian Coronel
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Espinosa
- Grupo de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Marcela Cabrera
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Hídricos y Acuáticos, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Mariana V Capparelli
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador; Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología - Estación El Carmen, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 24157, Ciudad Del Carmen, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Celi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador; Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Hídricos y Acuáticos, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.
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Rodrigues S, Pinto I, Martins F, Formigo N, Antunes SC. Can biochemical endpoints improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays with standard species, for water quality evaluation? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112151. [PMID: 33743402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) was adopted in 2000 and is a common framework for water policy, management and protection in Europe. The WFD assesses specific parameters; however, it ignores indicators of ecosystem functioning and sub-individual performance. Reservoirs are strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities that promote their imbalance. Bioassays and biomarkers are useful tools to link the chemical, ecological and toxicological assessments in water quality assessments. These approaches can be complementary to WFD methodologies, allowing the detection of impacts on the ecosystem. This study evaluated if the biochemical parameters can improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays with the standard species Daphnia magna, in the assessment of the ecological quality of water reservoirs. To this end, water samples of Portuguese reservoirs were analysed in three sampling periods (Autumn 2018 and Spring, Autumn 2019). In parallel, a physicochemical characterization of waters was performed. D. magna feeding rate assays were performed for 24 h. After exposure, metabolism, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation biomarkers were evaluated. Feeding rate assays showed sensitivity to different reservoirs. Biomarkers showed a higher sensitivity and can therefore improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays. Bioassays and biomarkers approach allowed to highlight potential sources of stress, more related to the quality of the seston than to chemical contamination. This work highlights the complementarity between bioassays and biomarkers to identify ecotoxicological effects of surface waters, and can be extremely useful, especially in cases where the biotic indices are difficult to establish, such as reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - I Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - F Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - N Formigo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Land-Cover Patterns and Hydrogeomorphology of Tributaries: Are These Important Stressors for the Water Quality of Reservoirs in the Mediterranean Region? WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Four streams in the Guadiana watershed were followed up to assess hydrogeomorphological and physicochemical characteristics, and to analyze its correlation with land use/land cover (LULC), analyzing their possible influence in reservoir water quality and possible influence in the reservoir water quality. The highest amounts of organic descriptors and nutrients were quantified in streams with the major percentage of olive groves and vineyards and urban land cover classes. Streams more influenced by agro-silvo-pastoral class presented better water quality, as this type of LULC acts as a buffer of the contamination runoff. The results highlighted that the hydrogeomorphology of the streams may influence the transfer of pollutants loads to reservoirs. Hence, in intermittent streams characterized by coarse particles in the sediment, high amounts of pollutants are accumulated when the flow ceases, and are further transported to the reservoirs when the flow retakes. On the contrary, streams with sediments characterized by a great percentage of fine particles and organic matter do not induce so much stress in reservoirs, since these allow the adsorption of nutrients and trace elements, without their transfer to reservoirs.
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Sun Y, Cao M, Wan Y, Wang H, Liu J, Pan F, He W, Huang H, He Z. Spatial variation of 2,4-D and MCPA in tap water and groundwater from China and their fate in source, treated, and tap water from Wuhan, Central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138691. [PMID: 32498189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Data on chlorophenoxy herbicides (CPHs) in drinking water from China are scarce. This study was designed to describe the occurrence of CPHs in drinking water in China. In June 2019, drinking water samples including 789 tap water and 95 groundwater samples were collected from 31 provinces in mainland China and Hong Kong. Raw source, treated, and tap water samples (n = 20, 20, and 170, respectively) in Wuhan, Central China were also analyzed. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) were found in 71.2% and 74.9% of the samples nationwide, respectively. The cumulative concentration of CPHs (ΣCPHs) in tap water in China was up to 125 ng/L (median: 1.38 ng/L), and regional variations were found for ΣCPHs. The highest median ΣCPHs (3.95 ng/L) was found in Northeast China, followed by Central (3.40), South (2.71), East (2.43), Southwest (1.58), North (0.42), and Northwest China (0.30). The median ΣCPHs in groundwater was approximately five times lower than that in tap water. In addition, ΣCPHs were found in all the raw source water samples collected in Wuhan, Central China (median: 6.69 ng/L, range: 2.66-43.1 ng/L). The removal of 2,4-D and MCPA during conventional drinking water treatment was not efficient, removing approximately 0.91% and 17.4%, respectively. In a water plant with advanced treatment, they were efficiently removed. Seasonal variations were found in ΣCPHs in tap water from Wuhan, with the highest found in July (median: 21.2 ng/L), and the lowest in October (1.96 ng/L). The intake of CPHs via water ingestion was estimated as below 5 ng/kg-bw/day, much lower than the reference doses for 2,4-D (5 μg/kg-bw/day) and MCPA (4 μg/kg-bw/day). This is the first study to demonstrate the fate of CPHs during drinking water treatment and seasonal variations of CPHs in water from Wuhan, China. Moreover, this study provides an overview of ΣCPHs in tap water for many areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Sun
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Meiling Cao
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Huaiji Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Junling Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Wenlei He
- Guizhou Institute of Labor Protection Science and Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Principal's Office, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
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10
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Pereira P, Barceló D, Panagos P. Soil and water threats in a changing environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109501. [PMID: 32325293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICRA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), I-21027, Ispra (VA), Italy.
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11
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Carena L, Fabbri D, Passananti M, Minella M, Pazzi M, Vione D. The role of direct photolysis in the photodegradation of the herbicide bentazone in natural surface waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125705. [PMID: 31891848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical fate of the herbicide bentazone was assessed by lab experiments and modeling tools. Experimental and modeling results showed that bentazone is mainly photodegraded by direct photolysis in natural water samples, even in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that can act as light-screening agent, photosensitizer and scavenger of reactive species. Even when it was dissolved in natural water samples containing different DOM amounts, the phototransformation kinetics of bentazone was unchanged compared to irradiation runs in ultrapure water. This finding suggests that the DOM and the other components of our samples did not affect the direct photolysis of bentazone by light-absorption competition, at least at the experimental optical path lengths, and did not induce significant indirect photodegradation by producing reactive transient species. Photochemical modeling in a lake-water photoreactivity scenario corroborated the observed experimental results, showing the predominant role of direct photolysis in the overall (direct + indirect) photodegradation of bentazone at different water depths and DOM contents. However, the model predicted a minor but non-negligible contribution of indirect photochemistry (i.e., reactions triggered by HO•, CO3•- and 3CDOM*) to the herbicide degradation. This contribution (especially by 3CDOM*) could become crucial in deep and DOM-rich water bodies. Finally, several photoproducts formed by direct photolysis and HO•-induced photodegradation were identified, which should not be particularly toxic for aquatic organisms and Vibrio fischeri bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Passananti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Pazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
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12
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Palma P, Fialho S, Lima A, Novais MH, Costa MJ, Montemurro N, Pérez S, de Alda ML. Pharmaceuticals in a Mediterranean Basin: The influence of temporal and hydrological patterns in environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136205. [PMID: 31905561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is nowadays a well-established issue that has become a matter of both scientific and public concern. Tons of different classes of pharmaceuticals find their way to the environment at variable degrees, after their use and excretion through wastewater and sewage treatment systems. The main goal of this study was to correlate the dynamics and the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals with different temporal and hydrological patterns, at the Guadiana Basin (South of Portugal). Water samples were collected bimonthly during 2017 (classified as a drought year) and 2018 (post-drought year) in: Zebro, Álamos and Amieira (intermittent hydrological streams), and Lucefécit (perennial hydrological stream). The pharmaceuticals quantified in higher concentrations, out of 27 investigated, were diclofenac (up to 4806 ng L-1), ibuprofen (3161 ng L-1), hydrochlorothiazide (2726 ng L-1) and carbamazepine (3223 ng L-1). Zebro and Álamos presented the highest contamination by this group of environmental hazardous substances, which may be correlated with the presence of wastewater treatment plants upstream the sampling point of each stream. Furthermore, the highest concentrations occurred mainly during the dry period (2017), when the flow was nearly inexistent in Zebro, and in Álamos after the first heavy rainfalls. In specific periods, the high concentrations of pharmaceuticals detected may induce risk for the organisms of lowest trophic levels, damaging the balance of the ecosystems at these streams. The risk quotient optimised approach (RQf) integrating exposure, toxicity and persistence factors, ranks the pharmaceuticals investigated in terms of risk for the aquatic ecosystems as follows: diclofenac, ibuprofen and carbamazepine (high risk), clarithromycin (moderate risk), acetaminophen, ofloxacin and bezafibrate (endurable risk), and hydrochlorothiazide (negligible risk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Palma
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Fialho
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Lima
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Novais
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Costa
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Lopez de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Gómez S, Fernández-Rodríguez D, Peña D, Albarrán Á, Rozas MÁ, López-Piñeiro A. Olive mill sludge may reduce water contamination by 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in non-flooding but enhance it in flooding rice cropping agroecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136000. [PMID: 31863981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment covering three years was conducted to evaluate how composted olive mill sludge (OS) influenced MCPA's environmental fate in rice soils under six combinations of tillage and irrigation cultivation techniques: tillage and sprinkler irrigation without (TS) or with (TSOS) the addition of OS (80 Mg ha-1), no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation without (NTS) or with (NTSOS) OS, and tillage and continuous flooding without (TF) or with (TFOS) OS. The measurements made in the first and third years after OS application were taken to constitute the "direct" and "residual" effects, respectively. After OS amendment, Kd (partition coefficients) values in the direct year were lower by factors of 1.1, 1.3, and 1.9 in TSOS, NTSOS, and TFOS, respectively, relative to the corresponding unamended soils, and in the residual year by factors of 1.1 and 1.5 in TSOS and NTOS, but greater by a factor of 1.5 in TFOS, than in the corresponding unamended soils, respectively. The dissipation of MCPA was very fast under both anaerobic (t1/2 = 1.80-5.29 d) and aerobic (t1/2 = 2.23-9.42 d) incubation conditions. The field application of OS led to a decrease in MCPA persistence under both incubation conditions, especially in the TF case. However, while under aerobic conditions the half-life (t1/2) decreased after OS addition in the direct and residual years, under anaerobic condition it only decreased in the direct year. While the application of OS in TS and NTS led to less leaching of MCPA, in TF it led to 1.4 and 1.2 times more leaching losses of the herbicide for the direct and residual years, respectively. Therefore, the use of OS in rice production could be considered an effective strategy for reducing water contamination by MCPA in at least the short- and medium-terms after its application, but only under non-flooding crop management regimes irrespective of the tillage practice implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Gómez
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias - IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Damián Fernández-Rodríguez
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias - IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - David Peña
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias - IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Ángel Albarrán
- Área de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias - IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra de Cáceres, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Rozas
- Área de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias - IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra de Cáceres, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Piñeiro
- Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias - IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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14
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Choudri BS, Charabi Y. Pesticides and herbicides. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1342-1349. [PMID: 31523896 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of some important scientific articles published in the year 2018 about pesticides and herbicides. The literature review presented in this paper cover pesticides and herbicides presence as well as occurrence in the environment. The review is divided into four sections. Each of these sections highlight issues related to pesticides and herbicides on toxicology, ecology, risk assessment, modeling, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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