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Charabi Y. Deep near-term mitigation of short-lived climate forcers in Oman: grand challenges and prospects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:3918-3928. [PMID: 35960465 PMCID: PMC9372979 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over time, short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) have gradually gained prominence as a rationale in the international global mitigation strategy to preserve temperature below 1.5 °C by the end of this century. Scientists cite the short-term gains in air quality and health co-benefits associated with reducing SLCFs as grounds for raising the pressure on governments to eliminate SLCFs rapidly and aggressively. There is little research on whether deep SLCF mitigation during the next decade is feasible in low- and middle-income nations, particularly the hydrocarbon-based economy. This study estimates current and future emissions of potent SLCFs as methane (CH4) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in Oman using the basic tier 1 approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) greenhouse gases (GHG) inventory Guidelines of 2006. Current and future emission of black carbon (BC) was also quantified using specific emission factors. A total of 38,268 Gg of SLFCs were released into the atmosphere in Oman in 2015, accounting for 38.8% of the country's total GHG emissions, and is expected to rise significantly over the next decade to reach 67,777 Gg by 2030. The analysis reveals that the source of Oman's highly potent SLCF emissions is associated with key and critical economic sectors such as the oil and gas industry, heavy road transportation, residential air conditioning (RAC), and industrial refrigeration. These vital economic sectors impose a "Grand Challenge" on the immediate reduction of SLCFs in Oman and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Accomplishing a rapid, significant reduction in highly potent SLCFs from the three challenging sectors over a 5- to 10-year time period does not appear feasible or realistic in the context of international market mechanisms, socioeconomic factors, and mitigation targets. Achieving a significant reduction in SLCFs for a hydrocarbon-based economy requires a profound economic shift. Creating an effective long-term vision for a post-oil economy over the next two decades provides a sound foundation for implementing economic and societal transformation policies incorporating near-zero-emission measures for the potent SLCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Charabi
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Po. Box. 42. PC 123, Muscat, Oman.
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2
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Jellali S, El-Bassi L, Charabi Y, Uaman M, Khiari B, Al-Wardy M, Jeguirim M. Recent advancements on biochars enrichment with ammonium and nitrates from wastewaters: A critical review on benefits for environment and agriculture. J Environ Manage 2022; 305:114368. [PMID: 34968937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, biochars have been considered as attractive and eco-friendly materials with various applications including wastewater treatment, energy production and soil amendments. However, the important nitrogen losses during biochars production using the pyrolysis process have limited their potential use in agriculture as biofertilizer. Therefore, it seems necessary to enrich these biochars with nitrogen sources before their use in agricultural soils. This paper is the first comprehensive review on the assessment of biomass type and the biochars' properties effects on N recovery efficiency from aqueous solutions as well as its release and availability for plants when applying the N-enriched chars in soils. In particular, the N recovery efficiency by raw biochars versus the type of the raw feedstock is summarized. Then, correlations between the adsorption performance and the main physico-chemical properties are established. The main mechanisms involved during ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrates (NO3-N) recovery process are thoroughly discussed. A special attention is given to the assessment of the biochars physico-chemical modification impact on their N recovery capacities improvement. After that, the application of these N-enriched biochars in agriculture and their impacts on plants growth as well as methane and nitrous oxide greenhouse gas emissions reduction are also discussed. Finally, the main future development and challenges of biochars enrichment with N from wastewaters and their valorization as biofertilizers for plants growth and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction are provided. This systematic review is intended to promote the real application of biochars for nutrients recovery from wastewaters and their reuse as eco-friendly fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Jellali
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Leila El-Bassi
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, University of Carthage, P.O.Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia.
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Uaman
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Besma Khiari
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, University of Carthage, P.O.Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia.
| | - Malik Al-Wardy
- Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- The Institute of Materials Science of Mulhouse (IS2M), University of Haute Alsace, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.
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Usman M, Jellali S, Anastopoulos I, Charabi Y, Hameed BH, Hanna K. Fenton oxidation for soil remediation: A critical review of observations in historically contaminated soils. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127670. [PMID: 34772554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fenton-based treatments have received tremendous attention in recent decades as viable strategies for soil decontamination. Historically contaminated soils are characterized by particular contamination types, pollution composition patterns, soil constituents, and complex soil-pollutant interactions arising due to long-term pollutant aging. These major pitfalls dictate the remediation efficiency in a significantly different way in soils with a history of contamination than that in a spiked soil. It becomes, therefore, highly challenging to treat historically contaminated soils. Despite the immense amount of collected research data in these soils, to our knowledge, no comprehensive review of this topic has been published. This article is intended to provide a critical review of the applications, limitations, and implications of various Fenton-based processes exclusively in these soils. These processes are differentiated on the basis of experimental conditions, reaction chemistry, efficiency, and impacts on soil biota. These processes are critically evaluated to illustrate the promising techniques with a brief description of related challenges and their potential solutions. Moreover, coupling Fenton oxidation with other remediation techniques such as bioremediation, chemical reduction, and soil washing has also been discussed. The last part of this review describes the effects of these processes onto soil quality and native biota, and how they can be addressed. It is also highly demanding to identify the processes which are not likely to evolve in practice either due to their poor efficiency, treatment cost, or environmental impacts. Future critical research directions have been identified to promote research for the upscaling of this technique for real field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
| | - Salah Jellali
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostakii Campus, 47040 Arta, Greece
| | - Yassine Charabi
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Bassim H Hameed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalil Hanna
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, 35708 Rennes, France
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Al Kindi KM, Al-Mawali A, Akharusi A, Alshukaili D, Alnasiri N, Al-Awadhi T, Charabi Y, El Kenawy AM. Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 across Oman - A geospatial modelling approach. Geospat Health 2021; 16. [PMID: 34000790 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2021.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Local, bivariate relationships between coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates and a set of demographic and socioeconomic variables were explored at the district level in Oman. To limit multicollinearity a principal component analysis was conducted, the results of which showed that three components together could explain 65% of the total variance that were therefore subjected to further study. Comparison of a generalized linear model (GLM) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) indicated an improvement in model performance using GWR (goodness of fit=93%) compared to GLM (goodness of fit=86%). The local coefficient of determination (R2) showed a significant influence of specific demographic and socioeconomic factors on COVID-19, including percentages of Omani and non-Omani population at various age levels; spatial interaction; population density; number of hospital beds; total number of households; purchasing power; and purchasing power per km2. No direct correlation between COVID- 19 rates and health facilities distribution or tobacco usage. This study suggests that Poisson regression using GWR and GLM can address unobserved spatial non-stationary relationships. Findings of this study can promote current understanding of the demographic and socioeconomic variables impacting the spatial patterns of COVID-19 in Oman, allowing local and national authorities to adopt more appropriate strategies to cope with this pandemic in the future and also to allocate more effective prevention resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa M Al Kindi
- Geography Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat.
| | - Adhra Al-Mawali
- Director/Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat.
| | - Amira Akharusi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat.
| | | | - Noura Alnasiri
- Geography Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Muscat.
| | - Talal Al-Awadhi
- Geography Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat.
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Geography Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Muscat.
| | - Ahmed M El Kenawy
- Geography Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Geography, Mansoura University, Mansoura.
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Hereher M, Al-Buloshi A, Sherief Y, Al-Awadhi T, Al-Hatrushi S, Charabi Y, Gheith A, Assal E. Formation of the Wahiba Sand Sea in the Sultanate of Oman: implications of change in wind energy. Arab J Geosci 2020; 13:1183. [DOI: 10.1007/s12517-020-06185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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6
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Choudri BS, Al-Nasiri N, Charabi Y, Al-Awadhi T. Ecological and human health risk assessment. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:1440-1446. [PMID: 32568420 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The literature review presented in this paper includes the ecological and human health risk assessment in the form of receptors in the environment. The main objective of this review to highlight a summary of the many studies undertaken in the year 2019. The first part of the review covers the papers published on the health risk assessment related to human and ecological health. This article focuses on methods and tools utilized for the analysis of scientific studies and the data. The review provides main issues such as interpretation of data, uncertainty, and policies related to the management of risks. The ecological and human health risk assessment is divided into two main sections. Each of these sections presents in broad the risk assessment process namely pollution studies, remediation, and tools required for the management of natural resources and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noura Al-Nasiri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Talal Al-Awadhi
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Choudri BS, Charabi Y, Al-Nasiri N, Al-Awadhi T. Pesticides and herbicides. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:1425-1432. [PMID: 32574430 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper highlights a review of scientific papers published in the year 2019 regarding pesticides and herbicides. The scientific review presented in this paper includes the presence and occurrence of pesticides and herbicides in the environment. The entire review divided into different sections, which are grouped into four main sections. Each of these sections provides studies conducted on toxicology, ecological risk assessment, strategies of treatment, policies, modeling, and guidelines regarding pesticides and herbicides management. PRACTITIONERS POINTS: This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2019. The review includes the presence and occurrence of pesticides and herbicides in the environment. The review focuses on toxicology, ecological risk assessment, strategies of treatment, policies, modelling and guidelines regarding pesticides and herbicides management. The literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noura Al-Nasiri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Talal Al-Awadhi
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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8
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Choudri BS, Al-Awadhi T, Charabi Y, Al-Nasiri N. Wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal-associated effects on environment and health. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:1595-1602. [PMID: 32681598 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the review of the literature published in the year 2019 related to treatment and reuse of wastewater and effects on the environment and human health. The scientific review on the treatment and reuse of wastewaters is divided into various sections in the paper. The review sections cover wastewater management, reuse, removal of microorganisms, and chemical constituents. Besides, the review also covers research focused on wastewater treatment plants, disposal, and the management of wastewater sludge as well as biosolids in the environment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2019.Review provide issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal.The literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Talal Al-Awadhi
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noura Al-Nasiri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Hereher M, Al-Awadhi T, Al-Hatrushi S, Charabi Y, Mansour S, Al-Nasiri N, Sherief Y, El-Kenawy A. Assessment of the coastal vulnerability to sea level rise: Sultanate of Oman. Environ Earth Sci 2020; 79:369. [DOI: 10.1007/s12665-020-09113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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10
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Al-Kindi KM, Alkharusi A, Alshukaili D, Al Nasiri N, Al-Awadhi T, Charabi Y, El Kenawy AM. Spatiotemporal Assessment of COVID-19 Spread over Oman Using GIS Techniques. Earth Syst Environ 2020; 4:797-811. [PMID: 34723076 PMCID: PMC7721548 DOI: 10.1007/s41748-020-00194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a worldwide challenge effecting millions of people in more than 210 countries, including the Sultanate of Oman (Oman). Spatiotemporal analysis was adopted to explore the spatial patterns of the spread of COVID-19 during the period from 29th April to 30th June 2020. Our assessment was made using five geospatial techniques within a Geographical Information System (GIS) context, including a weighted mean centre (WMC), standard deviational ellipses, Moran's I autocorrelation coefficient, Getis-Ord General-G high/low clustering, and Getis-Ord G i ∗ statistic. The Moran's I-/G- statistics proved that COVID-19 cases in datasets (numbers of cases) were clustered throughout the study period. The Moran's I and Z scores were above the 2.25 threshold (a confidence level above 95%), ranging from 2274 cases on 29th April to 40,070 cases on 30th June 2020. The results of G i ∗ showed varying rates of infections, with a large spatial variability between the different wilayats (district). The epidemic situation in some wilayats, such as Mutrah, As-Seeb, and Bowsher in the Muscat Governorate, was more severe, with Z score higher than 5, and the current transmission still presents an increasing trend. This study indicated that the directional pattern of COVID-19 cases has moved from northeast to northwest and southwest, with the total impacted region increasing over time. Also, the results indicate that the rate of COVID-19 infections is higher in the most populated areas. The findings of this paper provide a solid basis for future study by investigating the most resolute hotspots in more detail and may help decision-makers identify targeted zones for alleviation plans. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41748-020-00194-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Alkharusi
- Physiology Department, Colege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Noura Al Nasiri
- Geography Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Geography Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Talal Al-Awadhi
- Geography Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Geography Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Geography Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmed M. El Kenawy
- Geography Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Geography, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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11
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Choudri BS, Charabi Y, Ahmed M. Ecological and human health risk assessment. Water Environ Res 2019; 91:1072-1079. [PMID: 31386779 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The literature review presented in this paper covers the risk assessment process that is important to human health as well as the health of ecology in the form of receptors. One of the important objectives of present review is to provide summary of the scientific studies published in the year 2018. The review starts with literature published on the assessment of health risks, which are valuable to human and ecology. Most of the literature in the entire article focuses on techniques used for the analysis of scientific data and methods. In addition, review also highlights data interpretation, uncertainty, policy, and regulatory guidance associated with the management of human and ecological risks. Particularly, the review on the risk assessment related to human health and ecology is divided into two main sections. These sections provide broad state of knowledge on the risk assessment process used to health of human and ecological systems focused on investigation of polluted sites, techniques of remediation, and tools required for natural resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mushtaque Ahmed
- College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Choudri BS, Charabi Y. Health effects associated with wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal. Water Environ Res 2019; 91:976-983. [PMID: 31177600 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2018 on issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal. The literature review on the above issues divided into number of sections, and these sections include management of wastewater, wastewater reuse with focus on microbial hazards, and chemical hazards. Further, the review also provides some recent research related to wastewater treatment plants, disposal of wastewater, sludge, and biosolids management. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2018. Review provide issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal. Literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, Muscat, Oman
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of some important scientific articles published in the year 2018 about pesticides and herbicides. The literature review presented in this paper cover pesticides and herbicides presence as well as occurrence in the environment. The review is divided into four sections. Each of these sections highlight issues related to pesticides and herbicides on toxicology, ecology, risk assessment, modeling, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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14
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Abstract
The review of literature in this paper includes the assessment of risk process and addresses issues of both human as well as ecological receptors. The main objective of this review is to highlight an overview of the scientific research literature published in year 2017. The review is focused on assessment of risk on human and ecology published in the literature such as analysis, methodology, interpretation, management, uncertainty, policy and regulatory guidance. The review on ecological and human health risk assessment is divided into two main sections namely ecological and human health. The focus of the review is on the risk assessment process as it is applied to human health, ecoological systems, site investigation, aspects of remediation as well as natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
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15
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Choudri BS, Charabi Y, Ahmed M. Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms. Water Environ Res 2018; 90:1723-1747. [PMID: 30126501 DOI: 10.2175/106143018x15289915807399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific literature review in this paper includes research papers published in 2017 on issues related to pollutants from human activity and its effects on organisms of freshwater reported from the different parts of the world. The fist part of the literature review highlights on two broad sections that are focused on research conducted at the field level as well as surveys based on field experiments. A number of sections categorized in order to reflect the different class of pollutants follows the first part of literature review. Sections in this part of review includes non-point source pollution, stormwater, wastewater, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nanomaterials and ionic liquids. The final part of the literature review highlights the published research on recent innovations of recent in addressing problem of pollution in the freshwater and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
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Abstract
This paper covers the scientific literature review published in the year 2017 on issues related to health risks associated with public and the general environment on wastewater reuse, disposal and treatment. The entire literature review is divided into many sections such as management of wastewater, wastewater reuse with focus on microbial hazards, chemical hazards. In addition, the review also presents the latest research on wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), disposal of wastewater, and biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
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17
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Abstract
This paper highlights scientific literature that was published in the year 2017 related to the presence of pesticides and herbicides in the environment. The review on pesticides and herbicides is divided into four sections with focus on toxicology, ecology, risk assessment, modeling, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
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Choudri BS, Charabi Y, Baawain M, Ahmed M. Radioactive Wastes. Water Environ Res 2017; 89:1487-1502. [PMID: 28954672 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x15023776270539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Papers reviewed herein present a general overview of radioactive waste related activities around the world in 2016. The current reveiw include studies related to safety assessments, decommission and decontamination of nuclear facilities, fusion facilities, transportation. Further, the review highlights on management solutions for the final disposal of low and high level radioactive wastes (LLW and HLW), interim storage and final disposal options for spent fuel (SF), and tritiated wastes, with a focus on environmental impacts due to the mobility of radionuclides in ecosystem, water and soil alongwith other progress made in the management of radioactive wastes.
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Abstract
This review covers research papers and scientific literature published in the year 2016 on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on freshwater organisms. In the first, the review begins with two broad sections thate are mainly focused on research reviews and broad field studies and surveys. This is followed by reviews of research categorized in sections to reflect the pollutant class. These sections include wastewater, stormwater and non-point source pollution, nutrients, sediment cap materials and suspended clays, botanical extracts, surfactants, metals, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ionic liquids, and nanomaterials. The final section of the review highlights the research published on describing innovations in the field of freshwater pollution research.
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Abstract
A review of the literature published in 2016 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: a brief introduction on the implementation of the Best Available Techniques into textile industry, a review of the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes.
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Abstract
This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2016 on the production of bioenergy and biofuel from waste residues generated during bioethanol and biodiesel production with a brief overview of current and emerging feedstocks. A section of this review summarizes literature on culturing algae for biofuels including bioreactors and open pond cultivation systems with the utilization of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. New methods applicable to the mass culture of algae are highlighted. Algal cell harvesting and oil extraction techniques are discussed along with policies and economics.
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Gunasekara NK, Al-Wardy MM, Al-Rawas GA, Charabi Y. Applicability of VI in arid vegetation delineation using shadow-affected SPOT imagery. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:454. [PMID: 26093893 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
GDVI(3), GDVI(2), NDVI, MSAVI and SAVI were evaluated for their dynamic ranges, the class accuracy of the Vegetation Index (VI) classifications, the effects of shadow delineation on the other land use classes and their applicability in vegetation delineation in Al-Qara Mountains, Oman. Supervised classifications of a SPOT scene by Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm were employed. GDVI(3) showed the widest dynamic range in all land use types, while GDVI(2) also exhibited evidently wider dynamic ranges for arid to semi-arid Al-Qara than NDVI, MSAVI and SAVI. GDVI(3) reported the highest accuracies in delineating natural vegetation (dense - 74.80%, medium-dense- 43.19%), except for low-dense vegetation (40.51%). It also performs the best in delineating bare soil and dry grass with over 80% and 60% accuracies. The attenuated reflectance created by the shadows results in VI signals in the range of dry grass to bare soil, enabling us to neglect the shadow effect on natural vegetation delineation due to below 9.50% omissions from the shadows class. GDVI(3) also limits shadow delineation better than the other indices, which will enable us to analyze spectral information recovery by the VI with the help of ground truth information under the shadows. For applications such as land degradation assessments, GDVI(3) has better prospects over the other indices explored. Saturation at high-vigor vegetation is an issue in GDVI(3), GDVI(2) and NDVI. Our study also points to a dependency of a VI's capability to weaken shadows on the number of training data pixels to be utilized in a supervised classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Gunasekara
- Department of Soils, Water, and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod, 123, Muscat, Oman,
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Charabi Y, Al-Bulooshi A, Al-Yahyai S. Assessment of the impact of the meteorological meso-scale circulation on air quality in arid subtropical region. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:2329-2342. [PMID: 22684810 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, COSMO numerical weather prediction model is used to simulate land-sea breeze circulation in the north coast of Oman and to analyze the variability of the PBL depth. Typical summer day 1st August 2009 and winter day 1st January 2009 were simulated and verified by surface observations. The COSMO model was initialized using the German global model which runs as 40 km resolution and 40 vertical layers. The simulations show differences in the onset, strength, and inland penetration of the sea breeze. The high sea-land thermal contrast in the summer season induces earlier onset and progression of the sea breeze with larger horizontal and vertical extents. The summer and winter inland penetration is simulated around 150 and 65 km, respectively. The PBL depth was defined from the verticals profiles of the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE). The simulated PBL height varied at 1,600 m in summer and 700 m in the winter case. These results are in general in good agreement with the simulations of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Data Assimilation System (NCEP-GDAS) model. The dispersive ability of the atmosphere was tested through the vertical mixing coefficient (VMC) generated by NCEP-GDAS simulations. The VMC during the summer simulated case is approximately four times larger than the respective one during the winter case. Consequently, during the advection of winter sea breeze, a shallow dome less than 100 m is shaped and forms an obstacle to the air-pollutant dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Charabi
- Department of Geography, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 42, Al-Khodh, Muscat-123, Oman.
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