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Sosa D, Alves FM, Prieto MA, Pedrosa MC, Heleno SA, Barros L, Feliciano M, Carocho M. Lemna minor: Unlocking the Value of This Duckweed for the Food and Feed Industry. Foods 2024; 13:1435. [PMID: 38790736 PMCID: PMC11120004 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a small floating aquatic plant that has an important economic impact in several industrial areas. With its high biomass production, reasonable protein content, and resilience to several climates, it has been attracting increasing interest for potential use in animal and human food systems. Historically consumed in southwest Asia, this duckweed is now gaining attention as a potential novel food in Europe. This manuscript explores the contributions of duckweed to various food and feed industries, including aquaculture and livestock, while also pointing out the incipient research carried out for human consumption. Most importantly, it highlights the potential of Lemna minor as a vegetable for future human consumption whether eaten whole or through extraction of its nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sosa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Felipe M. Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Mariana C. Pedrosa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandrina A. Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Manuel Feliciano
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (D.S.); (F.M.A.); (M.C.P.); (S.A.H.); (L.B.); (M.F.)
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Irfan M, Mészáros I, Szabó S, Oláh V. Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:215. [PMID: 38256768 PMCID: PMC10821045 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we exposed a commonly used duckweed species-Lemna gibba L.-to twelve environmentally relevant metals and metalloids under laboratory conditions. The phytotoxic effects were evaluated in a multi-well-plate-based experimental setup by means of the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method. This technique allowed the simultaneous measuring of the growth and photosynthetic parameters in the same samples. The inhibition of relative growth rates (based on frond number and area) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo and Y(II)) were both calculated from the obtained chlorophyll fluorescence images. In the applied test system, growth-inhibition-based phytotoxicity endpoints proved to be more sensitive than chlorophyll-fluorescence-based ones. Frond area growth inhibition was the most responsive parameter with a median EC50 of 1.75 mg L-1, while Fv/Fo, the more responsive chlorophyll-fluorescence-based endpoint, resulted in a 5.34 mg L-1 median EC50 for the tested metals. Ag (EC50 0.005-1.27 mg L-1), Hg (EC50 0.24-4.87 mg L-1) and Cu (EC50 0.37-1.86 mg L-1) were the most toxic elements among the tested ones, while As(V) (EC50 47.15-132.18 mg L-1), Cr(III) (EC50 6.22-19.92 mg L-1), Se(VI) (EC50 1.73-10.39 mg L-1) and Zn (EC50 3.88-350.56 mg L-1) were the least toxic ones. The results highlighted that multi-well-plate-based duckweed phytotoxicity assays may reduce space, time and sample volume requirements compared to the standard duckweed growth inhibition tests. These benefits, however, come with lowered test sensitivity. Our multi-well-plate-based test setup resulted in considerably higher median EC50 (3.21 mg L-1) for frond-number-based growth inhibition than the 0.683 mg L-1 median EC50 derived from corresponding data from the literature with standardized Lemna-tests. Under strong acute phytotoxicity, frond parts with impaired photochemical functionality may become undetectable by chlorophyll fluorometers. Consequently, the plant parts that are still detectable display a virtually higher average photosynthetic performance, leading to an underestimation of phytotoxicity. Nevertheless, multi-well-plate-based duckweed phytotoxicity assays, combined with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, offer definite advantages in the rapid screening of large sample series or multiple species/clones. As chlorophyll fluorescence images provide information both on the photochemical performance of the test plants and their morphology, a joint analysis of the two endpoint groups is recommended in multi-well-plate-based duckweed phytotoxicity assays to maximize the information gained from the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.I.); (I.M.)
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.I.); (I.M.)
| | - Sándor Szabó
- Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyiregyhaza, H-4401 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Viktor Oláh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.I.); (I.M.)
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Wang H, Li Z, Shen L, Zhang P, Lin Y, Huang X, Du S, Liu H. Ketoprofen exposure perturbs nitrogen assimilation and ATP synthesis in rice roots: An integrated metabolome and microbiome analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122485. [PMID: 37659631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen, a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can enter farmland environments via sewage irrigation and manure application and is toxic to plants. However, there have been relatively few studies on the association of ketoprofen with nitrogen (N) assimilation and metabolic responses in plants. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ketoprofen on ATP synthesis and N assimilation in rice roots. The results showed that with increasing ketoprofen concentration, root vitality, respiration rate, ATP content, and H+-ATPase activity decreased and plasma membrane permeability increased. The expressions of OSA9, a family III H+-ATPase gene, and OSA6 and OSA10, family IV genes, were upregulated, indicating a response of the roots to ketoprofen. Nitrate, ammonium, and free amino acids content decreased with increased ketoprofen. The levels of enzymes involved in N metabolism, namely nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, also decreased under ketoprofen treatment. Principal component analysis revealed that ketoprofen treatment can significantly affect energy synthesis and nitrogen assimilation in rice roots, while these effects can be alleviated by the antioxidant response. Most of the metabolite contents increased, including amino acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites. Key metabolic pathways, namely substance synthesis and energy metabolism, were found to be disrupted. Microbiome analysis showed that community diversity and richness of rice root microorganisms in solution increased with increasing levels of ketoprofen treatment, and the microbial community structure and metabolic pathways significantly changed. The results of this study provides new insights into the response of rice roots to ketoprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luoqin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanyao Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Narwal N, Katyal D, Kataria N, Rose PK, Warkar SG, Pugazhendhi A, Ghotekar S, Khoo KS. Emerging micropollutants in aquatic ecosystems and nanotechnology-based removal alternatives: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139945. [PMID: 37648158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant concern about the accessibility of uncontaminated and safe drinking water, a fundamental necessity for human beings. This concern is attributed to the toxic micropollutants from several emission sources, including industrial toxins, agricultural runoff, wastewater discharges, sewer overflows, landfills, algal blooms and microbiota. Emerging micropollutants (EMs) encompass a broad spectrum of compounds, including pharmaceutically active chemicals, personal care products, pesticides, industrial chemicals, steroid hormones, toxic nanomaterials, microplastics, heavy metals, and microorganisms. The pervasive and enduring nature of EMs has resulted in a detrimental impact on global urban water systems. Of late, these contaminants are receiving more attention due to their inherent potential to generate environmental toxicity and adverse health effects on humans and aquatic life. Although little progress has been made in discovering removal methodologies for EMs, a basic categorization procedure is required to identify and restrict the EMs to tackle the problem of these emerging contaminants. The present review paper provides a crude classification of EMs and their associated negative impact on aquatic life. Furthermore, it delves into various nanotechnology-based approaches as effective solutions to address the challenge of removing EMs from water, thereby ensuring potable drinking water. To conclude, this review paper addresses the challenges associated with the commercialization of nanomaterial, such as toxicity, high cost, inadequate government policies, and incompatibility with the present water purification system and recommends crucial directions for further research that should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, 110078, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Katyal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, 110078, New Delhi, India.
| | - Navish Kataria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Rose
- Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir Gopalrao Warkar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur Village, Rohini, 110042, New Delhi, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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5
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Tyumina E, Subbotina M, Polygalov M, Tyan S, Ivshina I. Ketoprofen as an emerging contaminant: occurrence, ecotoxicity and (bio)removal. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1200108. [PMID: 37608946 PMCID: PMC10441242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketoprofen, a bicyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, has recently been cited as an environmental contaminant that raises concerns for ecological well-being. It poses a growing threat due to its racemic mixture, enantiomers, and transformation products, which have ecotoxicological effects on various organisms, including invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, and microorganisms. Furthermore, ketoprofen is bioaccumulated and biomagnified throughout the food chain, threatening the ecosystem function. Surprisingly, despite these concerns, ketoprofen is not currently considered a priority substance. While targeted eco-pharmacovigilance for ketoprofen has been proposed, data on ketoprofen as a pharmaceutical contaminant are limited and incomplete. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent findings (from 2017 to March 2023) regarding the global distribution of ketoprofen in the environment, its ecotoxicity towards aquatic animals and plants, and available removal methods. Special emphasis is placed on understanding how ketoprofen affects microorganisms that play a pivotal role in Earth's ecosystems. The review broadly covers various approaches to ketoprofen biodegradation, including whole-cell fungal and bacterial systems as well as enzyme biocatalysts. Additionally, it explores the potential of adsorption by algae and phytoremediation for removing ketoprofen. This review will be of interest to a wide range of readers, including ecologists, microbiologists, policymakers, and those concerned about pharmaceutical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tyumina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Maria Subbotina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Maxim Polygalov
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Semyon Tyan
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Irina Ivshina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
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Ramakrishnan RK, Venkateshaiah A, Grübel K, Kudlek E, Silvestri D, Padil VVT, Ghanbari F, Černík M, Wacławek S. UV-activated persulfates oxidation of anthraquinone dye: Kinetics and ecotoxicological assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115910. [PMID: 37062479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are gaining popularity as a feasible alternative for removing recalcitrant pollutants in an aqueous environment. Persulfates, namely peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are the most common sulfate radical donors. Persulfates activation by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is considered feasible due to the high concentration of radicals produced as well as the lack of catalysts leaching. The research focuses on determining the impact of activated PDS and PMS on the degradation of anthraquinone dye, i.e., Acid Blue 129 (AB129). UV-activated PDS and PMS can quickly degrade the AB129 as well as restrict the formation of by-products. This could explain the reduced ecotoxicity levels of the treated water after degradation, using an aquatic plant (Lemna minor) and a crustacean (Daphnia magna). This, on the other hand, can ensure that the sulfate radical-based processes can be an environmentally friendly technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith K Ramakrishnan
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Abhilash Venkateshaiah
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudiusz Grübel
- Department of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Edyta Kudlek
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Daniele Silvestri
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Vinod V T Padil
- Amrita School for Sustainable Development (AST), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Amritapuri, Clappana P. O., Kollam, 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Farshid Ghanbari
- Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC), Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
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Silva PMMD, Alkimin GDD, Camparotto NG, Prediger P, Nunes B. Toxicological effects resulting from co-exposure to nanomaterials and to a β-blocker pharmaceutical drug in the non-target macrophyte species Lemna minor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121166. [PMID: 36738879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of carbon-based materials for various purposes leads to their discharge in the aquatic systems, and simultaneous occurrence with other environmental contaminants, such as pharmaceutical drugs. This co-occurrence can adversely affect exposed aquatic organisms. Up to now, few studies have considered the simultaneous toxicity of nanomaterials, and organic contaminants, including pharmaceutical drugs, towards aquatic plants. Thus, this study aimed to assess the toxic effects of the co-exposure of propranolol (PRO), and nanomaterials based on cellulose nanocrystal, and graphene oxide in the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. The observed effects included reduction of growth rate in 13% in co-exposure 1 (nanomaterials + PRO 5 μg L-1), and 52-64% in co-exposure 2 (nanomaterials + PRO 51.3 mg L-1), fresh weight reduction of 94-97% in co-exposure 2 compared to control group, and increased pigment production caused by co-exposure treatments. The analysis of PCA showed that co-exposure 1 (nanomaterials + PRO 5 μg L-1) positively affected growth, and fresh weight, and co-exposure 2 positively affected pigments content. The results suggested that the presence of nanomaterials enhanced the overall toxicity of PRO, exerting deleterious effects in the freshwater plant L. minor, suggesting that this higher toxicity resulting from co-exposure was a consequence of the interaction between nanomaterials and PRO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia Prediger
- Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campus De Limeira, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente e Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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8
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Wronski AR, Brooks BW. Global occurrence and aquatic hazards of antipsychotics in sewage influents, effluent discharges and surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121042. [PMID: 36646406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing reports of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, aquatic hazard information remains limited for many contaminants, particularly for sublethal, chronic responses plausibly linked to molecular initiation events that are largely conserved across vertebrates. Here, we critically examined available refereed information on the occurrence of 67 antipsychotics in wastewater effluent and surface waters. Because the majority of sewage remains untreated around the world, we also examined occurrence in sewage influents. When sufficient information was available, we developed probabilistic environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) for each compound in each matrix by geographic region. We then performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) using therapeutic hazard values (THVs) of each compound, due to limited sublethal aquatic toxicology information for this class of pharmaceuticals. From these PEHAs, we determined predicted exceedances of the respective THVs for each chemical among matrices and regions, noting that THV values of antipsychotic contaminants are typically lower than other classes of human pharmaceuticals. Diverse exceedances were observed, and these aquatic hazards varied by compound, matrix and geographic region. In wastewater effluent discharges and surface waters, sulpiride was the most detected antipsychotic; however, percent exceedances of the THV were minimal (0.6%) for this medication. In contrast, we observed elevated aquatic hazards for chlorpromazine (30.5%), aripiprazole (37.5%), and perphenazine (68.7%) in effluent discharges, and for chlorprothixene (35.4%) and flupentixol (98.8%) in surface waters. Elevated aquatic hazards for relatively understudied antipsychotics were identified, which highlight important data gaps for future environmental chemistry and toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wronski
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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9
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Sha'aba RI, Chia MA, Gana YA, Alhassan AB, Gadzama IMK. The growth, biochemical composition, and antioxidant response of Microcystis and Chlorella are influenced by Ibuprofen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13118-13131. [PMID: 36123556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen (IBU) are extensively used, causing substantial amounts to end up in aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, little research has been done on how these medications influence the physiology of phytoplankton. This study aimed to investigate the toxicological and physiological effects of IBU on the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 and Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198, and the chlorophyte Chlorella sorokiniana. Exponential growth phase cultures were exposed to IBU at 10 to 10,000 μg/L for 96 h. The medium effect concentrations revealed varied sensitivity to IBU in the order Chlorella sorokiniana > Microcystis aeruginosa LE3 > Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 198. The drug caused a significant difference from control in cell density and chlorophyll-a of the three strains, except for chlorophyll-a in M. aeruginosa EAWAG 198 cultures where a significant difference occurred at 100 μg/L. The cell density of M. aeruginosa LE3 cultures exposed to 10 μg/L IBU increased 24 h post-exposure. Increasing concentrations of IBU induced higher total microcystins content of the Microcystis aeruginosa. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide content, peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities, and lipid peroxidation increased as a function of IBU exposure. Total lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content of Chlorella sorokiniana were stimulated following IBU exposure. We conclude that the increasing presence of IBU in aquatic ecosystems could significantly alter the population dynamics of the investigated and other phytoplankton species.
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Feng S, Zhang Y, Gao F, Li M, Zhu L, Wen H, Xi Y, Xiang X. Inhibitory Effects of Antipsychotic Chlorpromazine on the Survival, Reproduction and Population Growth Other Than Neurotransmitters of Zooplankton in Light of Global Warming. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16167. [PMID: 36498239 PMCID: PMC9736287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and environmental pollution have created a unique combination of abiotic and biotic stresses to zooplankton. However, little information is available on the effects of antipsychotic drugs commonly used to treat psychosis, such as chlorpromazine (CPZ), on non-target aquatic organisms in light of global warming. This study investigated how dopamine concentrations (DAC), acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of Brachionus calyciflorus changed in response to CPZ and gradually increasing temperatures. The results showed that the concentration range of rotifer DAC was 1.06~2.51 ng/g. At 18, 25 and 32 °C, the 24 h LC50 was 1.795, 1.242 and 0.833 mg/L, respectively. Compared to the control, exposure to CPZ significantly decreased life expectancy at hatching, the net reproduction rate, generation time, population growth rate and dopamine concentration of B. calyciflorus in all three temperatures (p < 0.05). The toxicity of CPZ to rotifers was increased by high temperature. These findings indicated that CPZ is highly toxic to rotifers, displaying high ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fan Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xianling Xiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
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11
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Maldonado I, Moreno Terrazas EG, Vilca FZ. Application of duckweed (Lemna sp.) and water fern (Azolla sp.) in the removal of pharmaceutical residues in water: State of art focus on antibiotics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156565. [PMID: 35690203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, antibiotic residues in the environment have increased, affecting components of biological communities, from bacteria to plants and animals. Different methods have been used to remove these compounds, including phytoremediation with floating aquatic species such as duckweed and aquatic fern, with positive results. This study analyses information about the removal efficiency of drugs, with a focus on antibiotics, using Lemna and Azolla, which will allow a better understanding of phytoremediation processes from the perspective of plant physiology. The physiological processes of macrophytes in an environment with this type of pollutant and the phytotoxic effects on plants at high concentrations are also analysed. The metabolization of toxic compounds occurs in three phases: phase I begins with the absorption of antibiotics and the secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS); in phase II, the effects of ROS are neutralized and minimized by conjugation with enzymes such as glutathione transferase or metabolites such as glutathione; and phase III culminates with the storage of the assimilated compounds in the vacuoles, apoplast and cell wall. In this way, plants contribute to the removal of toxic compounds. In summary, there is sufficient scientific evidence on the efficiency of the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds by these floating macrophytes at the laboratory scale, which indicates that their application under real conditions can have good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Maldonado
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Av. Floral N° 1153, Puno, Peru.
| | - Edmundo G Moreno Terrazas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Av. Floral N° 1153, Puno 21001, Peru
| | - Franz Zirena Vilca
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente del IINDEP de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Perú, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Peru; Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y Cambio Climático INDESC de la Universidad Nacional de Frontera, Perú, San Hilarión N° 101 - Sullana, Piura, Peru
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12
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Zhao XL, Li P, Qu C, Lu R, Li ZH. Phytotoxicity of environmental norfloxacin concentrations on the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza: Evaluation of growth parameters, photosynthetic toxicity and biochemical traits. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 258:109365. [PMID: 35525467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging pollutant, the increasing use of antibiotics in wastewater posed a serious threat to non-target organisms in the environment. Duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) is a common higher aquatic plant broadly used in phytotoxicity tests for xenobiotic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic toxicity of norfloxacin (NOR) on Spirodela polyrrhiza during 18 days of exposure. Our study investigated the addition of NOR into the medium with environment-related concentrations (0, 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg L-1). Subsequently, biomarkers of toxicity such as growth, pigment, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, indicators of oxidative stress, and osmotic regulatory substances content were analyzed in duckweed. In response to NOR exposure, obvious chlorosis, declines in growth and photosynthetic pigment, and photosystem II inhibition were noted in a concentration dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant activity content increased in the treated fronds, which indicated that oxidative stress was specifically affected by NOR exposure. A slight increase in osmotic regulatory substances in NOR treated setups than in the control represented the increasing stress resistance. These results suggest NOR exerts its toxic effects on the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chunfeng Qu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
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13
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Vinayagam V, Murugan S, Kumaresan R, Narayanan M, Sillanpää M, Viet N Vo D, Kushwaha OS, Jenis P, Potdar P, Gadiya S. Sustainable adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134597. [PMID: 35439481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the previous three decades, the worldwide use of pharmaceuticals has surged by more than 2.5 times. Although being considered essential to save many lives, pharmaceuticals have also emerged as a large source of complex environmental contaminants in recent decades. Consequently, the pharmaceuticals and their breakdown products are ending up into the water bodies thus progressively contaminating them and the surrounding environments. Based on recent studies concentrations in water sources are typically >0.1 μg/l and the concentration in treated water is typically >0.05 μg/l. These pharma drugs are removed from aquatic systems by processes such as oxidation, Ultraviolet degradation, reverse osmosis and nano-filtration. However, hazardous sludge creation, incomplete removal, expensive capital and operating costs, and the need for professional operating and maintenance personnel have all limited the economic sustainability of these systems. As a result, the presence of pharmaceuticals in water necessitates even more advanced technologies of purification to harvest clean water, yet present approaches are constrained by their high costs, low reusability, and disposal issues. Here, we review sustainable adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. In this comprehensive review, an evaluation of water contamination caused by pharmaceutical compounds is discussed. An overview of current research on the employment of sustainable adsorbents for the removal of the major pharmaceuticals prevalent in water sources. Numerous aspects of high adsorption efficiencies of these pharmaceutical compounds with such sustainable adsorbents were observed; however, other factors, such as adsorbent regeneration and cost evaluation, must be taken into account in order to assess the true applicability of adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Shrima Murugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Rishikeswaran Kumaresan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Meyyappan Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co. Ltd, No. 588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang, 314213, PR China
| | - Dai Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Omkar Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
| | - Ponraj Jenis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077
| | - Pratik Potdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Shreyans Gadiya
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
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14
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Rozman U, Jemec Kokalj A, Dolar A, Drobne D, Kalčíková G. Long-term interactions between microplastics and floating macrophyte Lemna minor: The potential for phytoremediation of microplastics in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154866. [PMID: 35351508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment has raised many concerns, and therefore approaches and technologies to remove them in situ are of high interest. In this context, we investigated the interactions between polyethylene MPs (fragments with a mean size of 149 ± 75 μm) and an aquatic floating macrophyte Lemna minor in order to assess its potential use for in situ phytoremediation. We first investigated the long-term effects of a high (100 mg/L = 9600 MPs/L), but still environmentally relevant concentration of MPs on L. minor. Subsequently bioadhesion of MPs was studied and the number and strength of MPs adhering to plant biomass were assessed. MPs did not adversely affect various parameters of plants (e.g., specific growth rate, chlorophyll contents, total antioxidant capacity, electron transport system activity, and contents of energy-rich molecules) throughout the duration of the experiment (12 weeks), except for the first week of the experiment, when protein content and total antioxidant capacity were affected. On the other hand, MPs affected the root length of L. minor during the first eight weeks of the experiment, while further exposure resulted in a decrease in the effects, indicating the ability of L. minor to tolerate the presence of MPs for a long period of time. MPs adhered rapidly to the plant biomass and the average percentages of strongly and weakly adhered particles were 6.5% and 20.0%, respectively, of the total MPs applied. In summary, results of this study suggest that L. minor can tolerate hotspot concentrations of MPs and can collect MPs from the water surface. Therefore, phytoremediation using floating plants could be considered as a potential method for in situ removal of MPs from the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula Rozman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 101 Jamnikarjeva, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 101 Jamnikarjeva, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 101 Jamnikarjeva, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Badar Z, Shanableh A, El-Keblawy A, Mosa KA, Semerjian L, Mutery AA, Hussain MI, Bhattacharjee S, Tsombou FM, Ayyaril SS, Ahmady IM, Elnaggar A, Mousa M, Semreen MH. Assessment of Uptake, Accumulation and Degradation of Paracetamol in Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) under Controlled Laboratory Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131626. [PMID: 35807584 PMCID: PMC9269112 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and persistence of pharmaceuticals in the food chain, particularly edible crops, can adversely affect human and environmental health. In this study, the impacts of the absorption, translocation, accumulation, and degradation of paracetamol in different organs of the leafy vegetable crop spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Spinach plants were exposed to 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L paracetamol in 20% Hoagland solution at the vegetative phase in a hydroponic system. Exposed plants exhibited pronounced phytotoxic effects during the eight days trial period, with highly significant reductions seen in the plants' morphological parameters. The increasing paracetamol stress levels adversely affected the plants' photosynthetic machinery, altering the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and PSII), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoid contents), and composition of essential nutrients and elements. The LC-MS results indicated that the spinach organs receiving various paracetamol levels on day four exhibited significant uptake and translocation of the drug from roots to aerial parts, while degradation of the drug was observed after eight days. The VITEK® 2 system identified several bacterial strains (e.g., members of Burkhulderia, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Kocuria) isolated from spinach shoots and roots. These microbes have the potential to biodegrade paracetamol and other organic micro-pollutants. Our findings provide novel insights to mitigate the risks associated with pharmaceutical pollution in the environment and explore the bioremediation potential of edible crops and their associated microbial consortium to remove these pollutants effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarreen Badar
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.E.-K.); (S.S.A.); (A.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.E.-K.); (S.S.A.); (A.E.); (M.M.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.E.-K.); (S.S.A.); (A.E.); (M.M.)
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (F.M.T.); (I.M.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Kareem A. Mosa
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (F.M.T.); (I.M.A.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Lucy Semerjian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Abdullah Al Mutery
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (F.M.T.); (I.M.A.)
- Human Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Sourjya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - François Mitterand Tsombou
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (F.M.T.); (I.M.A.)
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sefeera Sadik Ayyaril
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.E.-K.); (S.S.A.); (A.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Islam M. Ahmady
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.M.); (A.A.M.); (F.M.T.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Attiat Elnaggar
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.E.-K.); (S.S.A.); (A.E.); (M.M.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Muath Mousa
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.E.-K.); (S.S.A.); (A.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Nunes B, Santos J, Dionísio R, Dias de Alkimin G. Investigation of potential behavioral and physiological effects of caffeine on D. magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43237-43250. [PMID: 35094280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing consumption of pharmaceutical compounds, their presence in the environment is now an undisputable reality. The majority of these compounds are released into the wild after their therapeutic use, as biotransformation products or in their original form. The presence of this class of compounds in the environment, due to their biological properties, can exert effects on non-target organisms, with adverse consequences. In addition, some bioactive substances, such as stimulants of the central nervous system, are also used by humans as part of their diet. The adverse consequences posed by such chemicals may be permanent or transient, if the exposure to xenobiotics is halted; it is thus of the paramount importance to study effects that result from long-term exposure to toxicants, but also the recovery of organisms previously exposed to such substances, especially if such chemicals may cause some type of addiction. Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in many plants, being one of the most common stimulant/pharmaceutical compounds found in the environment. In addition, it is addictive, and strongly consumed by humans, a factor that contributes also for its continuous presence in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.08; 0.4; 2; 10; and 50 μg/L) of caffeine on behavior and physiological parameters (that are proxies of metabolic traits, such as oxygen uptake and glycogen content), in individuals of the freshwater crustacean species Daphnia magna, of distinct ages, and with or without a recovery period in the absence of caffeine. Regarding behavior, the results indicated that caffeine exposure altered the moved distance of the test organisms, but not according to a coherent pattern; low concentrations of caffeine reduced the movement of exposed daphnids, while higher levels did not have any measurable effect on this parameter. In addition, it was possible to identify subtle withdrawal effects (animals exposed to caffeine during 21 days and kept in uncontaminated media for 2 days). Regarding the other two studied parameters, caffeine exposure did not result in any significant modification in oxygen uptake and glycogen stores/reserves of the test organisms, in animals continuously exposed, or in those subjected to a recovery period, suggesting that despite a behavioral stimulatory effect, this was not followed by any metabolic change, and no addictive effect was possible to infer. The results showed that the presence of caffeine in environmental concentrations can induce mild behavioral effects at low, albeit realistic levels, but not capable of establishing clear biochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dionísio
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Dias de Alkimin
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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González-González RB, Sharma P, Singh SP, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Parra-Saldívar R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Persistence, environmental hazards, and mitigation of pharmaceutically active residual contaminants from water matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153329. [PMID: 35093347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are designed to elicit a biological reaction in specific organisms. However, they may also elicit a biological response in non-specific organisms when exposed to ambient quantities. Therefore, the potential human health hazards and environmental effects associated with pharmaceutically active compounds presented in aquatic environments are being studied by researchers all over the world. Owing to their broad-spectrum occurrence in various environmental matrices, direct or indirect environmental hazardous impacts, and human-health related consequences, several pharmaceutically active compounds have been categorized as emerging contaminants (ECs) of top concern. ECs are often recalcitrant and resistant to abate from water matrices. In this review, we have examined the classification, occurrence, and environmental hazards of pharmaceutically active compounds. Moreover, because of their toxicity and the inefficiency of wastewater treatment plants to remove pharmaceutical pollutants, novel wastewater remediation technologies are urgently required. Thus, we have also analyzed the recent advances in microbes-assisted bioremediation as a suitable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative for the decontamination of pharmaceutical pollutants. Finally, the most important factors to reach optimal bioremediation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur-208 001, India
| | | | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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18
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Figuière R, Waara S, Ahrens L, Golovko O. Risk-based screening for prioritisation of organic micropollutants in Swedish freshwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128302. [PMID: 35121296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about environmental contamination by organic micropollutants (OMPs) are increasing, due to their potential bioaccumulative and toxic properties. This study evaluated the risk posed by OMPs to aquatic ecosystems in Swedish freshwaters. The assessment was based on measured environmental concentrations (MEC) of OMPs in surface waters upstream and downstream of Swedish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A novel optimised risk quotient (RQf) was used to identify potential high-risk substances in the aquatic environment. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of WWTP effluent on aquatic ecosystems using a novel impact factor (I) based on the risk quotient (RQ). Among the 126 substances investigated, four compounds (metformin, N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine, oxazepam, and venlafaxine) were identified as likely to pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems in Swedish surface waters (RQf>1), and five compounds (clindamycin, gemfibrozil, sertraline, o-desmethylvenlafaxine, and diclofenac) were identified as posing a moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems ( 0.1 <RQf<1). WWTP effluent appeared to pose an environmental risk for all recipient sites, but the impact of calculated RQ was site-specific. These results can be used by authorities to prioritise OMPs and contaminated hotspots, in order to decrease negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. SYNOPSIS: A novel optimised risk assessment approach for identification of high-concern organic micropollutants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Figuière
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sylvia Waara
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Biosciences, Halmstad University, Kristian IV:s väg 3, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Pietrini F, Iannilli V, Passatore L, Carloni S, Sciacca G, Cerasa M, Zacchini M. Ecotoxicological and genotoxic effects of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. plants under a short-term laboratory assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150972. [PMID: 34656584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental occurrence of phthalates (PAE) is of great concern for the ecosystem and human health. Despite of their recognized toxicity on biota, a lack of knowledge is still present about the effects of PAE on plants. In this scenario, the effects of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on duckweed plants (Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.), two model plant species for ecotoxicological and trophic studies, were investigated. Under a 7-day lab assay, morphological (biometric indicators), physiological (pigment content and photosynthetic performance) and molecular (DNA damage) parameters were studied. No effects were observed at growth and physiological level in both plants at 3 and 30 mg/L DMP. On the contrary, at 600 mg/L DMP, a concentration used for plant acute toxicity studies, a remarkable growth inhibition and pigment content and photosynthetic parameters reduction compared to control were observed in both plants species, particularly in Spirodela. Alkaline Comet assay in 24 h-treated plants revealed a genotoxic damage induced by DMP, particularly relevant in Spirodela. These results described for the first time the adverse effects exerted by DMP on aquatic plants, contributing to highlight the environmental risk associated to the presence of this compound in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pietrini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Iannilli
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Passatore
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Carloni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Sciacca
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Cerasa
- Institute on Atmospheric Pollution (IIA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Zacchini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Yahaya N, Hamdan NH, Zabidi AR, Mohamad AM, Suhaimi MLH, Johari MAAM, Yahya HN, Yahya H. Duckweed as a future food: Evidence from metabolite profile, nutritional and microbial analyses. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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21
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Oláh V, Hepp A, Irfan M, Mészáros I. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging-Based Duckweed Phenotyping to Assess Acute Phytotoxic Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2763. [PMID: 34961232 PMCID: PMC8707530 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds (Lemnaceae species) are extensively used models in ecotoxicology, and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging offers a sensitive and high throughput platform for phytotoxicity assays with these tiny plants. However, the vast number of potentially applicable chlorophyll fluorescence-based test endpoints makes comparison and generalization of results hard among different studies. The present study aimed to jointly measure and compare the sensitivity of various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Spirodela polyrhiza (giant duckweed) plants exposed to nickel, chromate (hexavalent chromium) and sodium chloride for 72 h, respectively. The photochemistry of Photosystem II in both dark- and light-adapted states of plants was assessed via in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method. Our results indicated that the studied parameters responded with very divergent sensitivity, highlighting the importance of parallelly assessing several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Generally, the light-adapted parameters were more sensitive than the dark-adapted ones. Thus, the former ones might be the preferred endpoints in phytotoxicity assays. Fv/Fm, i.e., the most extensively reported parameter literature-wise, proved to be the least sensitive endpoint; therefore, future studies might also consider reporting Fv/Fo, as its more responsive analogue. The tested toxicants induced different trends in the basic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and, at least partly, in relative proportions of different quenching processes, suggesting that a basic distinction of water pollutants with different modes of action might be achievable by this method. We found definite hormetic patterns in responses to several endpoints. Hormesis occurred in the concentration ranges where the applied toxicants resulted in strong growth inhibition in longer-term exposures of the same duckweed clone in previous studies. These findings indicate that changes in the photochemical efficiency of plants do not necessarily go hand in hand with growth responses, and care should be taken when one exclusively interprets chlorophyll fluorescence-based endpoints as general proxies for phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Oláh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.H.); (M.I.); (I.M.)
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22
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Pawłowska B, Telesiński A, Biczak R. Effect of diclofenac and naproxen and their mixture on spring barley seedlings and Heterocypris incongruens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103746. [PMID: 34536620 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a popular group of drugs used worldwide. These drugs are also available over the counter, which implies that their consumption is not strictly regulated. They are released through wastewater and feces and can have adverse effects on the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two NSAIDs, diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NAP), and their mixture (DCF + NAP) on spring barley seedlings and ostracods Heterocypris incongruens. The tested drugs had a negative impact on bivalve ostracods and the studied plants. DCF was the most toxic toward ostracods, while spring barley seedlings were affected the most by NAP. The application of the tested compounds and their mixture resulted in a decrease in fresh weight yield and the content of photosynthetic pigments. In addition, an increase in H2O2 and proline content and changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (POD, APX, CAT, and SOD) were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawłowska
- Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, The Faculty of Science and Technology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Juliusza Słowackiego st. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Biczak
- Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, The Faculty of Science and Technology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
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Leitão I, Mourato MP, Carvalho L, Oliveira MC, Marques MM, Martins LL. Antioxidative response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to carbamazepine-induced stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45920-45932. [PMID: 33881698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used anti-epileptic drug that has been detected in wastewaters from sewage treating plants and thus appears in rivers, streams and other water bodies. As plants can absorb this compound, it can also appear in edible plants like lettuce, entering the food chain. In this study, the effect of carbamazepine in lettuce plants grown in hydroponic solution is analyzed. CBZ was detected both in roots and in leaves and is shown to induce oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide levels increased both in leaves and in roots while malondialdehyde increased only in leaves. Regarding the activity of antioxidative enzymes in the leaves, it is shown that superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) have a relevant role in quenching reactive oxygen species induced by oxidative stress. In roots, the only enzymes that showed increased activity were CAT, GPOD and glutathione reductase (GR). Ascorbate and glutathione also appear to have an important role as antioxidants in response to increased concentrations of carbamazepine. Although the roots are in direct contact with the contaminant, the leaves showed the strongest oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Leitão
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Pedro Mourato
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Carvalho
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Louro Martins
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
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Response of Two Crop Plants, Zea mays L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., to Diclofenac and Naproxen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168856. [PMID: 34445561 PMCID: PMC8396214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among numerous contaminants, the ubiquitous occurrence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment and their plausible harmful impact on nontarget organisms have made them one of the most important areas of concern in recent years. Crop plants can also potentially be exposed to NSAIDs, since the concentration of these pharmaceuticals is constantly rising in the surface water and soil. Our goal was to evaluate the stress response of two crop plants, maize and tomato, to treatment with selected NSAIDs, naproxen and diclofenac. The focus of the research was on the growth response, photosynthetic efficiency, selected oxidative stress factors (such as the H2O2 level and the rate of lipid peroxidation) as well as the total phenolic content, which represents the non-enzymatic protectants against oxidative stress. The results indicate that susceptibility to the NSAIDs that were tested is dependent on the plant species. A higher sensitivity of tomato manifested in growth inhibition, a decrease in the content of the photosynthetic pigments and a reduction in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII and the activity of PSII, which was estimated using the Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 ratios. Based on the growth results, it was also possible to reveal that diclofenac had a more toxic effect on tomato. In contrast to tomato, in maize, neither the content of the photosynthetic pigments nor growth appeared to be affected by DFC and NPX. However, both drugs significantly decreased in maize Fv and Fm, which are particularly sensitive to stress. A higher H2O2 concentration accompanied, in most cases, increasing lipid peroxidation, indicating that oxidative stress occurred in response to the selected NSAIDs in the plant species that were studied. The higher phenolic content of the plants after NSAIDs treatment may, in turn, indicate the activation of defense mechanisms in response to the oxidative stress that is triggered by these drugs.
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25
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Leitão I, Leclercq CC, Ribeiro DM, Renaut J, Almeida AM, Martins LL, Mourato MP. Stress response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to environmental contamination with selected pharmaceuticals: A proteomic study. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104291. [PMID: 34089899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds have been found in rivers and treated wastewaters. They often contaminate irrigation waters and consequently accumulate in edible vegetables, causing changes in plants metabolism. The main objective of this work is to understand how lettuce plants cope with the contamination from three selected pharmaceuticals using a label free proteomic analysis. A lettuce hydroponic culture, grown for 36 days, was exposed to metformin, acetaminophen and carbamazepine (at 1 mg/L), during 8 days, after which roots and leaves were sampled and analysed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomics-based approach. In roots, a total of 612 proteins showed differentially accumulation while in leaves 237 proteins were identified with significant differences over controls. Carbamazepine was the contaminant that most affected protein abundance in roots, while in leaves the highest number of differentially accumulated proteins was observed for acetaminophen. In roots under carbamazepine, stress related protein species such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidases presented higher abundance. Ascorbate peroxidase increased in roots under metformin. Cell respiration protein species were affected by the presence of the three pharmaceuticals suggesting possible dysregulation of the Krebs cycle. Acetaminophen caused the main differences in respiration pathways, with more emphasis in leaves. Lettuce plants revealed different tolerance levels when contaminants were compared, being more tolerant to metformin presence and less tolerant to carbamazepine. SIGNIFICANCE: The significant increase of emerging contaminants in ecosystems makes essential to understand how these compounds may affect the metabolism of different organisms. Our study contributes with a detailed approach of the main interactions that may occur in plant metabolism when subjected to the stress induced by three different pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, carbamazepine and metformin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Leitão
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Céline C Leclercq
- LIST - Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Green Tech Platform, Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - David M Ribeiro
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jenny Renaut
- LIST - Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Green Tech Platform, Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - André M Almeida
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa L Martins
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Mourato
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ikebe Otomo J, Araujo de Jesus T, Gomes Coelho LH, Rebelo Monteiro L, Hunter C, Helwig K, Roberts J, Pahl O. Effect of eight common Brazilian drugs on Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43747-43762. [PMID: 33837946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth of two species of macrophytes (Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata) under the effect of a mixture of amoxicillin, caffeine, carbamazepine, dipyrone, ibuprofen, losartan, omeprazole, and tenivastatin was investigated by bioassay. Three concentration levels were utilized in this study (10, 200, and 500 μg L-1) using a growth inhibition test based on the OECD 221/2006 guidelines. The frond number, total area, and chlorophyll a level were selected as suitable end points. For L. minor, at all concentrations, a significant difference in the total frond number was observed and the growth inhibition varied from 30 to 70% at the low and high concentrations, respectively. No significant growth change was observed to S. auriculata exposed to the mixture of drugs. Thus, individual drug tests were performed for L. minor which demonstrated stimulation in growth, when exposed to most drugs individually, except tenivastatin which was identified as the drug responsible for the significant growth inhibition seen in the mixture. The L. minor enhanced growth was probably caused by N molecule transformation to ammonium and nitrate, essential nutrients for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ikebe Otomo
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Araujo de Jesus
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Gomes Coelho
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Colin Hunter
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Karin Helwig
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Joanne Roberts
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ole Pahl
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
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Leitão I, Martins LL, Carvalho L, Oliveira MC, Marques MM, Mourato MP. Acetaminophen Induces an Antioxidative Response in Lettuce Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061152. [PMID: 34204080 PMCID: PMC8229777 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contaminants of environmental concern, like pharmaceuticals, are being detected in increasing amounts in soils and irrigation waters and can thus be taken up by plants. In this work, the uptake of acetaminophen (ACT) by lettuce plants was evaluated through a hydroponic experiment at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 5 mg L−1 ACT). The pathways related to oxidative stress induced by ACT were studied in lettuce leaves and roots at 1, 8 and 15 days after exposure. Stress indicators such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed, revealing increases in plants contaminated with ACT in comparison to control, confirming the occurrence of oxidative stress, with the exception of MDA in leaves. The enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, directly involved in the antioxidative system, showed significant differences when compared to control plants, and, depending on the enzyme and the tissue, different trends were observed. Glutathione reductase revealed a decrease in contaminated leaves, which may imply a specific impact of ACT in the glutathione cycle. Significant increases were found in the anthocyanin content of leaves, both with exposure time and ACT concentration, indicating an antioxidative response induced by ACT contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Leitão
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.L.); (L.L.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisa L. Martins
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.L.); (L.L.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisa Carvalho
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.L.); (L.L.M.); (L.C.)
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.C.O.); (M.M.M.)
| | - M. Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.C.O.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Miguel P. Mourato
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.L.); (L.L.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Anchique L, Alcázar JJ, Ramos-Hernandez A, Méndez-López M, Mora JR, Rangel N, Paz JL, Márquez E. Predicting the Adsorption of Amoxicillin and Ibuprofen on Chitosan and Graphene Oxide Materials: A Density Functional Theory Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1620. [PMID: 34067695 PMCID: PMC8156938 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence, persistence, and accumulation of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent a new environmental problem due to their harmful effects on human and aquatic life. A suitable absorbent for a particular type of pollutant does not necessarily absorb other types of compounds, so knowing the compatibility between a particular pollutant and a potential absorbent before experimentation seems to be fundamental. In this work, the molecular interactions between some pharmaceuticals (amoxicillin, ibuprofen, and tetracycline derivatives) with two potential absorbers, chitosan and graphene oxide models (pyrene, GO-1, and coronene, GO-2), were studied using the ωB97X-D/6-311G(2d,p) level of theory. The energetic interaction order found was amoxicillin/chitosan > amoxicillin/GO-1 > amoxicillin/GO-2 > ibuprofen/chitosan > ibuprofen/GO-2 > ibuprofen/GO-1, the negative sign for the interaction energy in all complex formations confirms good compatibility, while the size of Eint between 24-34 kcal/mol indicates physisorption processes. Moreover, the free energies of complex formation were negative, confirming the spontaneity of the processes. The larger interaction of amoxicillin Gos, compared to ibuprofen Gos, is consistent with previously reported experimental results, demonstrating the exceptional predictability of these methods. The second-order perturbation theory analysis shows that the amoxicillin complexes are mainly driven by hydrogen bonds, while van der Waals interactions with chitosan and hydrophobic interactions with graphene oxides are modelled for the ibuprofen complexes. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) shows that electrostatic energy is a major contributor to the stabilization energy in all cases. The results obtained in this work promote the use of graphene oxides and chitosan as potential adsorbents for the removal of these emerging pollutants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Anchique
- Programa de Química, Grupo Química Supramolecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Semillero Electroquímica Aplicada, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (L.A.); (A.R.-H.)
| | - Jackson J. Alcázar
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6094411, Chile;
| | - Andrea Ramos-Hernandez
- Programa de Química, Grupo Química Supramolecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Semillero Electroquímica Aplicada, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia; (L.A.); (A.R.-H.)
| | - Maximiliano Méndez-López
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Grupo de Investigaciones en Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Carrera 51B, Km 5, vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - José R. Mora
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Norma Rangel
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Ave. Adolfo López Mateos #1801Ote. Fracc. Bona Gens, Aguascalientes 20256, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Paz
- Departamento Académico de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Cercado de Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Edgar Márquez
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Grupo de Investigaciones en Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Carrera 51B, Km 5, vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
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Long-term ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with caffeine on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:429-435. [PMID: 33717995 PMCID: PMC7932887 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin at up to 1 μg L−1 inhibits Raphidocelis subcapitata growth parameters. Caffeine increases the growth inhibition EC50 by 6.6 times after 96h-exposure. Longer exposure times lead to higher growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata. Diverse endpoints and longer exposure times give more real ecotoxicological assays.
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antimicrobial “pseudo-persistent” in aquatic ecosystems. Once dispersed in the water compartments, it can also affect the microalgae. Thus, the evaluation of its long-term ecotoxicological effects is necessary. CIP interactions with other pharmaceuticals are not well known. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of CIP alone and combined with caffeine (CAF), using the modified Gompertz model parameters and the chlorophyll-a production of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata as endpoints, throughout a 16-day exposure assay. The exposure to CIP alone led to significant reductions of the growth rate and the cell density of the microalgae compared to control groups. The combination with CAF lowered the adverse effects of CIP to R. subcapitata. However, as the toxicity is dynamic, our results indicated that the toxic effects in respect to the studied endpoints changed throughout the exposure period, reinforcing the need for longer-term ecotoxicity assessments.
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Ceschin S, Bellini A, Scalici M. Aquatic plants and ecotoxicological assessment in freshwater ecosystems: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4975-4988. [PMID: 33244691 PMCID: PMC7838074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art, limitations, critical issues, and new directions in freshwater plant ecotoxicology. We selected peer-reviewed studies using relevant databases and for each (1) publication year, (2) test plant species, (3) reference plant group (microalgae, macroalgae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, flowering plants), (4) toxicant tested (heavy metal, pharmaceutical product, hydrocarbon, pesticide, surfactant, plastic), (5) experiment site (laboratory, field), and (6) toxicant exposure duration. Although aquatic plant organisms play a key role in the functioning of freshwater ecosystems, mainly linked to their primary productivity, their use as biological models in ecotoxicological tests was limited if compared to animals. Also, toxicant effects on freshwater plants were scarcely investigated and limited to studies on microalgae (80%), or only to a certain number of recurrent species (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Chlorella vulgaris, Lemna minor, Myriophyllum spicatum). The most widely tested toxicants on plants were heavy metals (74%), followed by pharmaceutical products and hydrocarbons (7%), while the most commonly utilized endpoints in tests were plant growth inhibition, variations in dry or fresh weight, morpho-structural alterations, chlorosis, and/or necrosis. The main critical issues emerged from plant-based ecotoxicological tests were the narrow range of species and endpoints considered, the lack of environmental relevance, the excessively short exposure times, and the culture media potentially reacting with toxicants. Proposals to overcome these issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ceschin
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Amii Bellini
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 00146, Rome, Italy
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Markovic M, Neale PA, Nidumolu B, Kumar A. Combined toxicity of therapeutic pharmaceuticals to duckweed, Lemna minor. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111428. [PMID: 33068976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, which are designed to be biologically active at low concentrations, are found in surface waters, meaning aquatic organisms can be exposed to complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals. In this study, the adverse effects of four pharmaceuticals, 17α-ethynylestradiol (synthetic estrogen), methotrexate (anticancer drug), diclofenac (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and fluoxetine (antidepressant), and their binary mixtures at mg/L concentrations were assessed using the 7-day Lemna minor test, with both apical and biochemical markers evaluated. The studied biochemical markers included chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and oxidative stress enzymes catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase, with effects compared to solvent controls. The adverse effects on Lemna minor were dose-dependent for frond number, surface area, relative chlorophyll content and activity of glutathione S-transferase for both individual pharmaceuticals and binary mixtures. According to the individual toxicity values, all tested pharmaceuticals can be considered as toxic or harmful to aquatic organisms, with methotrexate considered highly toxic. The most sensitive endpoints for the binary mixtures were photosynthetic pigments and frond surface area, with effects observed in the low mg/L concentration range. The concentration addition model and toxic unit approach gave similar mixture toxicity predictions, with binary mixtures of methotrexate and fluoxetine or methotrexate and 17α-ethynylestradiol exhibiting synergistic effects. In contrast, mixtures of diclofenac with fluoxetine, 17α-ethynylestradiol or methotrexate mostly showed additive effects. While low concentrations of methotrexate are expected in surface water, chronic ecotoxicological data for invertebrates and fish are lacking, but this is required to better assess the environmental risk of methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Markovic
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1 Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Bhanu Nidumolu
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Anu Kumar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.
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Marinho MDC, Diogo BS, Lage OM, Antunes SC. Ecotoxicological evaluation of fungicides used in viticulture in non-target organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43958-43969. [PMID: 32748361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of fungicides, commonly used in vine cultures, on the health of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has been poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of three viticulture fungicides (myclobutanil, cymoxanil, and azoxystrobin) on non-target organisms, the bacteria Rhodopirellula rubra, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Arthrobacter sp., the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, and the macrophyte Lemna minor. Fungicide toxicity was performed in acute cell viability assay for bacteria; 72-h and 7-day growth inhibition tests for R. subcapitata and L. minor, respectively. Contents of photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation in L. minor were evaluated. Arthrobacter sp. and P. putida showed resistance to these fungicides. Even though azoxystrobin affected R. rubra and E. coli cell viability, this effect was due to the solvent used, acetone. Cell viability decrease was obtained for R. rubra exposed to cymoxanil and E. coli exposed to myclobutanil (30 min of exposure at 10 mg/L and 240 min of exposure at 46 mg/L, respectively). R. subcapitata showed about 10-fold higher sensitivity to azoxystrobin (EC50-72h = 0.25 mg/L) and cymoxanil (EC50-72h = 0.36 mg/L) than L. minor to azoxystrobin and myclobutanil (EC50-72h = 1.53 mg/L and EC50-72h = 1.89 mg/L, respectively). No lipid peroxidation was observed in L. minor after fungicide exposure, while changes of total chlorophyll were induced by azoxystrobin and myclobutanil. Our results showed that non-target aquatic organisms of different trophic levels are affected by fungicides used in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Conceição Marinho
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Salazar Diogo
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Maria Lage
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n°, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Bianchi E, Biancalani A, Berardi C, Antal A, Fibbi D, Coppi A, Lastrucci L, Bussotti N, Colzi I, Renai L, Scordo C, Del Bubba M, Gonnelli C. Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants: Bio-removal of heavy-metals and pharmaceuticals by Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141219. [PMID: 32768785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the removal of Fe(III), Cr(VI), Al(III), diclofenac, and levofloxacin from treated wastewater in the presence of the free-floating plants Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta, to understand whether these species can be effectively used in a surface flow constructed wetland as wastewater refining treatment. Fe and Al were selected owing to their wide use as coagulant agents in wastewater treatment plants for promoting clariflocculation processes, whilst Cr was chosen due to its common use in industry. Diclofenac and levofloxacin, two molecules belonging to the most widely used pharmaceutical classes in the world, were studied as representative anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, respectively. The study was performed at laboratory scale, exposing the plants separately to each individual contaminant at the concentrations of 5 mg L-1 for the metals (i.e. 2.5-5 times higher than the European limits concerning discharge into surface water), and 1 μg L-1 for the pharmaceuticals (concentration levels commonly found in wastewater). Depending on the plant species and contaminant tested, the range of different effects observed included low toxicity (i.e. Cr, Fe and diclofenac in L. minuta) and even a stimulatory effect on plant growth (i.e. for A. filiculoides with Al and for L. minuta with Al and levofloxacin). Moreover, both species proved to be very effective in the removal of Fe, Al and levofloxacin, with A. filiculoides showing the best performance (removal efficiency of 92%, 96%, and 60%, respectively), whereas for Cr and diclofenac the removal was always less than 10%. The higher removal capacity of A. filiculoides compared to L. minuta can be attributed to its superior tolerance of the contaminants, probably in turn related to the presence of nitrogen-fixing microorganism in its fronds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Biancalani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Berardi
- GIDA S.p.A., via di Baciacavallo, 36, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lastrucci
- Natural History Museum, Botany, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bussotti
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Scordo
- Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Kudrna J, Hnilicka F, Kubes J, Vachova P, Hnilickova H, Kuklova M. Effect of Acetaminophen (APAP) on Physiological Indicators in Lactuca sativa. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110303. [PMID: 33238445 PMCID: PMC7700141 DOI: 10.3390/life10110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the effects of acetaminophen (APAP) as a contaminant on physiological characteristics of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). Experiments were provided in an experimental greenhouse with semi-controlled conditions. The effect of different amounts of contaminant was evaluated by using regression analysis. Plants were grown in five concentrations of APAP: 0 µM, 5 µM, 50 µM, 500 µM, and 5 mM for 14 days in two variants, acute and chronic. The obtained results show that the monitored parameters were demonstrably influenced by the experimental variant. Plants are more sensitive to chronic contamination compared to acute. Significant (p < 0.05) deviation in photosynthesis and fluorescence was observed compared to the control in different variants. The highest doses of APAP reduced the intensity of photosynthesis by a maximum of more than 31% compared to the control. A reduction of 18% was observed for the fluorescence parameters. Pronounced correlation was described between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield mainly under APAP conditions. The amount of chlorophyll was influenced by exposure to APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kudrna
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Frantisek Hnilicka
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Kubes
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Pavla Vachova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Helena Hnilickova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Margita Kuklova
- Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia;
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Alkimin GDD, Santos J, Soares AMVM, Nunes B. Ecotoxicological effects of the azole antifungal agent clotrimazole on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108835. [PMID: 32585366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are a large and diverse group of compounds used to treat, prevent and diagnose disease. Among these, a group that has been recently detected in the aquatic environment is that of the azole compounds, commonly used as antifungals. Clotrimazole (CLO) is a nonbiodegradable persistent azole compound, with broad-spectrum antifungal activity for which virtually no toxicological data are available, especially towards aquatic plants. The few existent data point to a documented interference with cytochrome P450 system of exposed organisms. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of the fungicide CLO on two aquatic macrophyte species, namely, Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. To attain this purpose, an acute assay (96 h) was performed with both species being exposed to CLO, in a concentration range of 0 to 5 μg L-1. The analyzed endpoints were levels of chlorophyll a and b, total, carotenoids, catalase (CAT) and glutathione -s-transferases activities (GSTs). In general, CLO exposure caused some minor alterations in L. minor and L. gibba pigment contents. Antioxidant enzymes exhibited a different pattern in both species, since the highest concentrations of CLO caused an increase on CAT activity, and a decrease on GSTs activity in L. minor, and the opposite in L. gibba, reflected by a decrease on CAT activity and an increase on GSTs activity in all tested concentrations. These results demonstrate that CLO exposure resulted in potential deleterious effects on macrophytes, namely with the involvement of the antioxidant defense mechanisms that were likely deployed to cope with pro-oxidative conditions established by CLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Dias de Alkimin
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João Santos
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Department of Biology, Aveiro University, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Wu M, Deng H, Shi J, Wang Z. Transition element doped octahedral manganese molecular sieves (Me-OMS-2) as diclofenac adsorbents. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127120. [PMID: 32544808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) control measures have become an area of increased interest for environmental researchers due to the high environmental concentration and risk of DCF. Adsorption seems to be promising for DCF removal from the aqueous phase because of its specific superiority in comparison with biodegradation, membrane separation, and advanced oxidation or reduction. In this study, OMS-2 and metal-doped OMS-2 ((Me-OMS-2, with Me = Co, Cu or Ce) were prepared and tested as adsorbents for the removal of DCF. It was evident that the maximum adsorption capacity and rate of Ce-OMS-2 were much higher than those of the other adsorbents, which could be attributed to its large specific surface area and stereoscopic aperture structure. The experimental data are fitted the pseudo-second-order model, the Elovich equation and the Langmuir model well; moreover, the process is an endothermic and spontaneous thermodynamic process, during which the entropy increased, based on the experimental results, indicating that chemisorption was dominant during the DCF adsorption process onto Ce-OMS-2. By the integral of the peak deconvoluted from the XPS spectrum, the ratio of Mn3+/Mn4+ increased from 0.393 to 0.407, revealing that Mn(IV) is rarely reduced into Mn(III) during the DCF adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Wu
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huiping Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jun Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China
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Alkimin GD, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Nunes B. Can salicylic acid modulate biochemical, physiological and population alterations in a macrophyte species under chemical stress by diclofenac? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139715. [PMID: 32534307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a pharmaceutical drug that may exert toxic effects by its own; however, simultaneous exposure of plants to SA and to other substances, often results in the significant changes in the patterns of toxic response/resistance to these other sources of chemical stress. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of SA of modulating Lemna minor responses co-exposed to the pharmaceutical drug, diclofenac - DCF. To attain this objective, L. minor was exposed for 7 days, to DCF alone, and to combinations of DCF with SA. After exposure, biochemical, physiological and population endpoints were analyzed as follows: catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activities, pigments content (chlorophyll a (Chl a), b (Chl b) and total (TChl), carotenoids (Car) and [Chl a]/[Chl b] and [TChl]/[Car] ratios), and growth specific rate, fresh weight and root length. Single exposures to DCF were capable of causing effects in all analyzed endpoints. However, co-exposure of DCF with SA partially reverted these effects. Finally, we may suggest that SA is capable to prevent the toxicity of DCF in macrophytes, by modulating the toxic response of exposed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Alkimin
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Nunes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Daniel D, de Alkimin GD, Nunes B. Single and combined effects of the drugs salicylic acid and acetazolamide: Adverse changes in physiological parameters of the freshwater macrophyte, Lemna gibba. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103431. [PMID: 32479818 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs are among the most used chemicals, for human and veterinary medicines, aquaculture and agriculture. Pharmaceuticals are biologically active molecules, having also environmental persistence, thereby exerting biological effects on non-target species. Among the most used pharmaceuticals, one may find salicylic acid (SA), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetazolamide (ACZ), a diuretic drug that acts by inhibiting the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA). In this work, single and combined effects of SA and ACZ were assessed in the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba L., focusing on physiological parameters, namely photosynthetic pigments, (chlorophyll a, b and total (Chl a, b and TChl) as well as carotenoids (Car)). In addition, chemical biomarkers, namely, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), catalase (CAT) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities, were also determined. The highest concentrations of ACZ, caused a decrease in the contents of all chlorophylls; this effect was however reverted by SA exposure. Both ACZ and SA levels caused a decrease in CA activity. Nevertheless, when in combination, this inhibition was not observed in plants exposed to the lowest concentration of these drugs. In conclusion, both pharmaceuticals have the capacity to cause alterations in L. gibba enzymatic activity and photosynthetic pigments content. Additionally, SA seems to exert a protective effect on this species against deleterious effects caused by ACZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Daniel
- Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campusde Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Dias de Alkimin
- Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campusde Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro De Estudos Do Ambiente e Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus De Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento De Biologia, Universidade De Aveiro, Campusde Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro De Estudos Do Ambiente e Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus De Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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39
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Alkimin GD, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Nunes B. Evaluation of ketoprofen toxicity in two freshwater species: Effects on biochemical, physiological and population endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114993. [PMID: 32806449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the most used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ketoprofen (KTF) assumes an important position. Nevertheless, its ecotoxicological effects in non-target organisms are poorly characterized, despite its use and frequency of occurrence in aquatic matrices. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxicological effects of KTF contamination, in two freshwater species, Lemna minor and Daphnia magna, by measuring biochemical, physiological and population parameters. To attain this objective, both species were exposed to KTF at the same concentrations (0, 0.24, 1.2, 6 and 30 μg/L). L. minor plants were exposed during 4 d to these levels of KTF, and the enzymatic activity (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and carbonic anhydrase (CA)), and pigments content (chlorophylls a, b and total and carotenoids) were analyzed to evaluate the toxicity of this drug. D. magna was acutely and chronically exposed to KTF, and enzymatic activities (CAT, GSTs and cyclooxygenase (COX)), the feeding rates, and reproduction traits were assessed. In L.minor, KTF provoked alterations in all enzyme activities, however, it was not capable of causing any alteration in any pigment levels. On the other hand, KTF also provoked alterations in all enzymatic activities in D. magna, but did not affect feeding rates and life-history parameters. In conclusion, exposure to KTF, provoked biochemical alterations in both species. However, these alterations were not reflected into deleterious effects on physiological and populational traits of L. minor and D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Alkimin
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Nunes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Daphnia magna responses to fish kairomone and chlorpromazine exposures. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tyumina EA, Bazhutin GA, Cartagena Gómez ADP, Ivshina IB. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Emerging Contaminants. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261720020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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de Alkimin GD, Paisio C, Agostini E, Nunes B. Phytoremediation processes of domestic and textile effluents: evaluation of the efficacy and toxicological effects in Lemna minor and Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4423-4441. [PMID: 31832946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation has been proposed as a potential biotechnological strategy to remediate effluents before their release into the environment. The use of common aquatic plant species, such as macrophytes (e.g., Lemna spp.) as a cleanup solution has been proposed decades ago. However, the effectiveness of such processes must be assessed by analyzing the toxicity of resulting effluents, for the monitoring of wastewater quality. To attain this purpose, this work intended to quantify the efficacy of a Lemna-based wastewater phytoremediation process, by analyzing toxicological effects of domestic and textile effluents. The toxic effects were measured in Lemna minor (same organisms used in the phytoremediation process, by quantifying toxicological endpoints such as root length, pigment content, and catalase activity) and by quantifying individual parameters of Daphnia magna (immobilization, reproduction, and behavior analysis). Phytoremediation process resulted in a decrease of chemical oxygen demand in both effluents and in an increase in root length of exposed plants. Moreover, textile effluent decreased pigments content and increased catalase activity, while domestic effluent increased the anthocyanin content of exposed plants. D. magna acute tests allowed calculating a EC50 and Toxic Units interval of 53.82-66.89%/1.85-1.49, respectively, to raw textile effluent; however, it was not possible to calculate these parameters for raw and treated domestic effluent (RDE and TDE). Therefore, in general, the acute toxicity of effluent toward D. magna was null for RDE, and mild for the treated textile effluent (TTE), probably due to the effect of phytoremediation. Exposure to textile effluents (raw and treated) increased the total number of neonates of D. magna and, in general, both textile effluents decreased D. magna distance swim. Moreover, although both effluents were capable of causing morphological and physiological/biochemical alterations in L. minor plants, organisms of this species were able to survive in the presence of both effluents and to remediate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Dias de Alkimin
- Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cintia Paisio
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Agostini
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Alkimin GD, Daniel D, Dionísio R, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Nunes B. Effects of diclofenac and salicylic acid exposure on Lemna minor: Is time a factor? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108609. [PMID: 31376628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The global occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has been considered a particularly concerning problem with unknown consequences. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including diclofenac (DCF) and salicylic acid (SA), are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world, being consequently commonly found in the aquatic environment. Prolonged experiments (with duration of exposure that surpass those recommended by already established testing guidelines) are important to obtain ecologically relevant data to address the issue of NSAIDs ecotoxicity, because by being more realistically (namely in terms of levels and durations of exposure), such tests may indicate realistic challenges posed to aquatic organisms. Among the most common test species that are used for assessing environmental quality, plants play a leading role. Lemna species are among the most important plants used for ecotoxicity testing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal effect of a prolonged exposure of DCF and SA on Lemna minor. To attain this purpose, L. minor plants were chronically exposed to 0, 4, 20, and 100 μg/L of both pharmaceuticals, and samplings were performed at 6, 10 and 14 days of exposure. The analyzed endpoints were: levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids; and enzymatic biomarkers, such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferases. Diclofenac was responsible for alterations in all analyzed parameters in different intervals of exposure. Salicylic acid exposure was not capable of causing alterations on pigment contents of L. minor, however, enzymatic biomarkers were altered at all sampling intervals. Thus, it is possible to conclude that both pharmaceuticals can cause damage on the tested macrophyte species, biochemical parameters being more sensitive than physiological ones. Additional prolonged experiments are required to understand the chronic effects of different pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, especially in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Alkimin
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Daniel
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Dionísio
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Giménez V, Nunes B. Effects of commonly used therapeutic drugs, paracetamol, and acetylsalicylic acid, on key physiological traits of the sea snail Gibbula umbilicalis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21858-21870. [PMID: 31134547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over time, the consumption of pharmaceutical drugs has highly augmented, directly contributing for an increase of the discharges of these substances into sewage water due to excretion, and their direct release to the environment, with or without adequate treatment. Considering that part of the sewage water is dumped into rivers and seas, this is the major source of contamination of the aquatic environment. Paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid are among the most worldwide consumed pharmaceutical drugs, frequently found in wastewater discharges and consequently in the aquatic environment in considerable amounts, posing ecotoxicity concerns especially towards aquatic non-target species. Thus, it is important to study the ecotoxicological implications that these drugs might pose to organisms from aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to assess the toxic effects of these two compounds on key biochemical features (antioxidant defenses and damage, metabolism, and cholinergic neurotoxicity) of the marine snail species Gibbula umbilicalis after an acute (96 h) exposure, simulating pulses of contamination. In order to understand the effects that those drugs have on this species, the biochemical biomarkers analyzed were the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), cholinesterases (ChEs), and the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). After acute exposure to paracetamol, catalase activity decreased significantly in organisms exposed to both highest concentrations; no significant alterations were observed for glutathione-S-transferases activity; TBARS concentration decreased significantly in organisms exposed to the intermediate and both highest concentrations, and cholinesterase activity increased significantly in animals exposed to the lowest concentration. However, after acute exposure to acetylsalicylic acid, catalase activity increased significantly; no significant alterations were observed for glutathione-S-transferases activity, and TBARS concentrations and cholinesterase activity increased. This set of data shows that G. umbilicalis is highly responsive to the presence of the tested drugs, and may thus be a promising species to serve as test organism in future marine ecotoxicological testing. The adoption of this species may broaden the offer of highly ecologically representative test organisms to be included in biomonitoring projects of the coastal and marine environment. Furthermore, it is possible to suggest that both drugs may pose significant deleterious effects of pro-oxidative origin to the physiology of the selected species, with potential adverse ecological consequences, even after short periods of exposure. The absence of neurotoxicity showed that despite being able to trigger antioxidant mechanisms, both drugs did not affect neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Giménez
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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