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Liu Q, Xu X, Lin L, Bai L, Yang M, Wang W, Wu X, Wang D. A retrospective analysis of heavy metals and multi elements in the Yangtze River Basin: Distribution characteristics, migration tendencies and ecological risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121385. [PMID: 38452525 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world with more than 6300 km, covering 0.4 billion people. However, the aquatic ecosystem of the Yangtze River has been seriously damaged in the past decades due to a rapid development of economic and industrialization along the coast. In this study, we first established a dataset of fifty elements, including nine common heavy metals (HMs) and forty-one other elements, in the Yangtze River Basin through the collection of historical data from 2000 to 2020, and then analyzed their spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. The results indicated that the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), a region formed by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), may act as a sink for these elements from upstream regions. The concentrations of seven elements in surface water and 13 elements in sediment obviously increased from the upstream region of the TGR to the TGR. In addition, ten elements in the surface water and 5 elements in the sediments clearly decreased, possibly because of the interception effects of the TGD. On a timescale, Cr obviously tended to migrate from the water phase to the sediment; Pb tended to migrate from the sediment to the water phase. In the ecological risk assessment, all common HMs in surface water were supposed to have negligible risks as protecting 90 % of aquatic organisms; Cd (210.2), Hg (58.0) and As (43.1) in sediment posed high and moderate ecological risks using the methodology of the potential ecological risk index. Furthermore, Hunan Province is at considerable risk according to the sum of the potential risk index (314.8) due to Cd pollution (66.8 %). These fundamental data and results will support follow-up control strategies for elements and policies related to aquatic ecosystem protection in the Yangtze River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhen Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lihua Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lu Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengru Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinghua Wu
- Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Luo T, Sheng Z, Chen M, Qin M, Tu Y, Khan MN, Khan Z, Liu L, Wang B, Kuai J, Wang J, Xu Z, Zhou G. Phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils by rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and underlying molecular mechanisms for copper absorption and sequestration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116123. [PMID: 38394754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
High levels of copper released in the soil, mainly from anthropogenic activity, can be hazardous to plants, animals, and humans. The present research aimed to estimate the suitability and effectiveness of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as a possible soil remediation option and to uncover underlying adaptive mechanisms A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of copper stress on agronomic and yield traits for 32 rapeseed genotypes. The copper-tolerant genotype H2009 and copper-sensitive genotype ZYZ16 were selected for further physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses. The results exhibited a significant genotypic variation in copper stress tolerance in rapeseed. Specifically, the ratio of seed yield under copper stress to control ranged from 0.29 to 0.74. Furthermore, the proline content and antioxidant enzymatic activities in the roots were greater than those in the shoots. The accumulated copper in the roots accounted for about 50% of the total amount absorbed by plants; thus, the genotypes possessing high root volumes can be used for rhizofiltration to uptake and sequester copper. Additionally, the pectin and hemicellulose contents were significantly increased by 15.6% and 162%, respectively, under copper stress for the copper-tolerant genotype, allowing for greater sequestration of copper ions in the cell wall and lower oxidative stress. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes revealed that excessive copper enhanced the up-regulation of functional genes or metabolites related to cell wall binding, copper transportation, and chelation in the copper-tolerant genotype. Our results suggest that copper-tolerant rapeseed can thrive in heavily copper-polluted soils with a 5.85% remediation efficiency as well as produce seed and vegetable oil without exceeding food quality standards for the industry. This multi-omics comparison study provides insights into breeding copper-tolerant genotypes that can be used for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ziwei Sheng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Min Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mengqian Qin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yechun Tu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zaid Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jie Kuai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhenghua Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Junqueira TP, Araújo DF, Harrison AL, Sullivan K, Leybourne MI, Vriens B. Contrasting copper concentrations and isotopic compositions in two Great Lakes watersheds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166360. [PMID: 37595926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) stable isotopes can elucidate the biogeochemical controls and sources governing Cu dynamics in aquatic environments, but their application in larger rivers and catchments remains comparatively scarce. Here, we use major and trace element hydrogeochemical data, Cu isotope analyses, and mixing modeling, to assess Cu loads and sources in two major river systems in Ontario, Canada. In both the Spanish River and Trent River catchments, aqueous hydrochemical compositions appeared reasonably consistent, but Cu concentrations were more variable spatially. In the Spanish River, waters near (historic) industrial mining activities displayed positive Cu isotope compositions (δ65CuSRM-976 between +0.75 ‰ and +1.01 ‰), but these signatures were gradually attenuated downstream by mixing with natural background waters (δ65Cu -0.65 ‰ to -0.16 ‰). In contrast, Trent River waters exhibited more irregular in-stream Cu isotope patterns (δ65Cu from -0.75 ‰ to +0.21 ‰), beyond the variability in Cu isotope signatures observed for adjacent agricultural soils (δ65Cu between -0.26 ‰ and +0.30 ‰) and lacking spatial correlation, reflective of the more diffuse sourcing and entwined endmember contributions to Cu loads in this catchment. This work shows that metal stable isotopes may improve our understanding of the sources and baseline dynamics of metals, even in large river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassiane P Junqueira
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Brest, France
| | - Anna L Harrison
- Geoscience Environment Toulouse, National Scientific Research Centre (CNRS), Toulouse, France
| | - Kaj Sullivan
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew I Leybourne
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bas Vriens
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Wang P, Hu J, Liu T, Liu J, Ma S, Ma W, Li J, Zheng H, Lu R. Advances in the application of metallic isotopes to the identification of contaminant sources in environmental geochemistry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131913. [PMID: 37392646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of the economy and society makes heavy metals (HMs) pollution more and more serious. And, pollution source identification is the primary work of environmental pollution control and land planning. Notably, stable isotope technology has a high ability to distinguish pollution sources, and can better reflect the migration behavior and contribution of HMs from diverse sources, which has become a hot research tool for pollution source identification of HMs. Currently, the rapid development of isotope analysis technology provides a relatively reliable reference for pollution tracking. Based on this background, the fractionation mechanism of stable isotopes and the influence of environmental processes on isotope fractionation are reviewed. Furthermore, the processes and requirements for the measurement of metal stable isotope ratios are summarized, and the calibration methods and detection accuracy of sample measurement are evaluated. Besides, the current commonly used binary model and multi-mixed models in the identification of contaminant sources are also concluded. Moreover, the isotopic changes of different metallic elements under natural and anthropogenic conditions are discussed in detail, and the application prospects of multi-isotope coupling in the traceability of environmental geochemistry are evaluated. This work has some guidance for the application of stable isotopes in the source identification of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Tingyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jinke Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shunrong Ma
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wenmin Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Houyi Zheng
- China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing 10013, PR China
| | - Ran Lu
- Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Kim DM, Lim WL, Im DG, Hwang JW, Yu S, Yun ST, Kim JH. Fractionation behaviors of Cu, Zn, and S-O isotopes in groundwater contaminated with petroleum and treated by oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131901. [PMID: 37356179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation behaviors of Cu and Zn isotopes have been increasingly studied at the field scale, but those in various redox conditions of groundwater contaminated with petroleum and treated by oxidation have not been assessed. In this study, δ65Cu and δ66Zn as well as δ34SSO4 and Δδ18OSO4-H2O were assessed in wells undergoing contamination by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and oxidation using H2O2 in 2021 and 2022. High δ34SSO4 and relevant parameters (e.g., dissolved sulfide and HCO3-) indicated the occurrence of sulfate reduction. The plot of δ65Cu versus δ34SSO4 effectively indicated precipitation of Cu sulfides and their reoxidation at oxidation wells. Although the plot of δ66Zn versus δ34SSO4 could also indicate reoxidation of Zn sulfides, the Zn isotopic fingerprint of sulfide precipitation may have been masked by fractionation by sorption. The advantage of using δ65Cu in the redox reactions resulted from the wider range of δ65Cu owing to the redox behavior of Cu. The plot combining isotopic fractionations of Cu and S can assist in assessing sulfide precipitation and oxidative treatment in TPH-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Min Kim
- Department of New Energy and Mining Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong-Lim Lim
- Department of New Energy and Mining Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Gyu Im
- Department of New Energy and Mining Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Hwang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Yu
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Yun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Kim
- Gyeonggi Regional Headquarter, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16346, Republic of Korea
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Jeong H, Araújo DF, Knœry J, Briant N, Ra K. Isotopic (Cu, Zn, and Pb) and elemental fingerprints of antifouling paints and their potential use for environmental forensic investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121176. [PMID: 36731740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling paints (APs) are one of the important sources of Cu and Zn contamination in coastal environments. This study applied for the first-time a multi-isotope (Cu, Zn, and Pb) and multi-elemental characterization of different AP brands to improve their tracking in marine environments. The Cu and Zn contents of APs were shown to be remarkably high ∼35% and ∼8%, respectively. The δ65CuAE647, δ66ZnIRMM3702, and 206Pb/207Pb of the APs differed depending on the manufacturers and color (-0.16 to +0.36‰, -0.34 to +0.03‰, and 1.1158 to 1.2140, respectively). A PCA analysis indicates that APs, tires, and brake pads have also distinct elemental fingerprints. Combining isotopic and elemental ratios (e.g., Zn/Cu) allows to distinguish the environmental samples. Nevertheless, a first attempt to apply this approach in highly urbanized harbor areas demonstrates difficulties in source apportionments, because the sediment was chemically and isotopically homogeneous. The similarity of isotope ranges between the harbor and non-exhaust traffic emission sources suggests that most metals are highly affected by urban runoff, and that APs are not the main contributors of these metals. It is suspected that AP-borne contamination should be punctual rather than dispersed, because of APs low solubility properties. Nevertheless, this study shows that the common coastal anthropogenic sources display different elemental and isotopic fingerprints, hence the potential for isotope source tracking applications in marine environments. Further study cases, combined with laboratory experiments to investigate isotope fractionation during releasing the metal sources are necessary to improve non-traditional isotope applications in environmental forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeong Jeong
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France; Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, South Korea.
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Joël Knœry
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM-Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins (CCEM), F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Kongtae Ra
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, 49111, South Korea; Department of Ocean Science (Oceanography), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
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Sullivan KV, Kidder JA, Junqueira TP, Vanhaecke F, Leybourne MI. Emerging applications of high-precision Cu isotopic analysis by MC-ICP-MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156084. [PMID: 35605848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a component of many minerals and an essential trace element in most aerobic organisms, the transition metal element Cu is important for studying reduction-oxidation (redox) interactions and metal cycling in the total environment (lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and anthroposphere). The "fractionation" or relative partitioning of the naturally occurring "heavy" (65Cu) and "light" (63Cu) isotope between two coexisting phases in a system occurs according to bonding environment and/or as a result of a slight difference in the rate at which these isotopes take part in physical processes and chemical reactions (in absence of equilibrium). Due to this behaviour, Cu isotopic analysis can be used to study a range of geochemical and biological processes that cannot be elucidated with Cu concentrations alone. The shift between Cu+ and Cu2+ is accompanied by a large degree of Cu isotope fractionation, enabling the Cu isotope to be applied as a vector in mineral exploration, tracer of origin, transport, and fate of metal contaminants in the environment, biomonitor, and diagnostic/prognostic marker of disease, among other applications. In this contribution, we (1) discuss the analytical protocols that are currently available to perform Cu isotopic analysis, (2) provide a compilation of published δ65Cu values for matrix reference materials, (3) review Cu isotope fractionation mechanisms, (4) highlight emerging applications of Cu isotopic analysis, and (5) discuss future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj V Sullivan
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Atomic & Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Tassiane P Junqueira
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Atomic & Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew I Leybourne
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Jeong H, Ra K. Multi-isotope signatures (Cu, Zn, Pb) of different particle sizes in road-deposited sediments: a case study from industrial area. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRoad-deposited sediments (RDS) are major sources of heavy metal contamination in urban areas and adversely affect surrounding environments and human health. Multi-isotope combinations (Cu, Zn, and Pb), which serve as environmental tracers, enable the identification and management of metal contaminants in RDS. Here, we present Cu, Zn, and Pb isotopic data for the first time in size-fractionated RDS samples collected from industrial areas to describe the relationship between the RDS and total suspended solids (TSS) in runoff, and to explore the feasibility of using multi-isotopes to identify sources of metal contamination. RDS in the industrial study areas had high concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb, and their δ65CuAE647, δ66ZnIRMM3702, and 206Pb/207Pb values ranged from − 0.33 to + 0.73‰, − 0.36 to + 0.01‰, and 1.1418 to 1.1616, respectively. The variation in δ65CuAE647 (δ65Cumax-min) was larger than that of δ66ZnIRMM3702 (i.e., δ66Znmax-min), and the isotope values of Zn and Pb (206Pb/207Pb) tended to increase with the concentrations of these elements. Meanwhile, the fine RDS particles (< 63 µm) had similar Cu, Zn, and Pb isotopic compositions to those of TSS. Hierarchical cluster analyses revealed that the < 63 µm RDS fractions were associated with the TSS. Our results also showed that a combination of Pb and either Cu or Zn could be used to distinguish between RDS and non-exhaust emissions (e.g., brake pads, tires, etc.). Multi-isotope approaches utilizing Cu, Zn, and Pb and more robust isotopic data on individual sources of metal contamination could be useful for identifying pollution sources and understanding their environmental impacts.
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