1
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Le Du-Carrée J, Palacios CK, Rotander A, Larsson M, Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Engwall M, Sjöberg V, Keiter SH, Almeda R. Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134401. [PMID: 38678714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater and analyzed for metals and organic compounds, TWP leachates revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure to TWP leachates (1.5 to 1000 mg peq L-1) inhibited algae growth and induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, and behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy metals like zinc have been suggested as major players in TWP leachate toxicity, this study emphasizes water-leachable organic compounds as the primary causative agents of observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore the need to reduce TWP pollution in aquatic systems and enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Clara Kempkens Palacios
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Sjöberg
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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2
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Yin X, Wang L, Mao L. Comparing the Developmental Toxicity Delay and Neurotoxicity of Benzothiazole and Its Derivatives (BTHs) in Juvenile Zebrafish. TOXICS 2024; 12:341. [PMID: 38787120 PMCID: PMC11125584 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a semi-static water exposure method was employed to investigate the early developmental and neurotoxic effects of four benzothiazole substances (BTHs), namely benzothiazole (BTH), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (BTON), and 2-aminobenzothiazole (2-ABTH), on zebrafish at an equimolar concentration of 10 μM. The findings revealed that all four BTHs exerted certain impacts on early development in zebrafish. MBT stimulated spontaneous movement in juvenile zebrafish, whereas BTON inhibited such movements. Moreover, all four BTHs hindered the hatching process of zebrafish larvae, with MBT exhibiting the strongest inhibition at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf). Notably, MBT acted as a melanin inhibitor by suppressing melanin production in juvenile zebrafish eyes and weakening phototaxis. Additionally, both BTH and BTON exhibited significantly lower speeds than the control group and other test groups under conditions without bright field stimulation; however, their speeds increased to average levels after percussion stimulation, indicating no significant alteration in motor ability among experimental zebrafish groups. Short-term exposure to these four types of BTHs induced oxidative damage in zebrafish larvae; specifically, BTH-, MBT-, and BTON-exposed groups displayed abnormal expression patterns of genes related to oxidative damage. Exposure to both BTH and MBT led to reduced fluorescence intensity in transgenic zebrafish labeled with central nervous system markers, suggesting inhibition of central nervous system development. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR results demonstrated abnormal gene expression associated with neural development. However, no significant changes were observed in 2-ABTH gene expression at this concentration. Overall findings indicate that short-term exposure to BTHs stimulates neurodevelopmental gene expression accompanied by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
| | - Lianshan Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
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3
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Cafora M, Rovelli S, Cattaneo A, Pistocchi A, Ferrari L. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter exposure impairs innate immune and inflammatory responses to a pathogen stimulus: A functional study in the zebrafish model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123841. [PMID: 38521398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with the activation of adverse inflammatory responses, increasing the risk of developing acute respiratory diseases, such as those caused by pathogen infections. However, the functional mechanisms underlying this evidence remain unclear. In the present study, we generated a zebrafish model of short-term exposure to a specific PM2.5, collected in the northern metropolitan area of Milan, Italy. First, we assessed the immunomodulatory effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure and observed that it elicited pro-inflammatory effects by inducing the expression of cytokines and triggering hyper-activation of both neutrophil and macrophage cell populations. Moreover, we examined the impact of a secondary infectious pro-inflammatory stimulus induced through the injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (Pa-LPS) molecules after exposure to short-term PM2.5. In this model, we demonstrated that the innate immune response was less responsive to a second pro-inflammatory infectious stimulus. Indeed, larvae exhibited dampened leukocyte activation and impaired production of reactive oxygen species. The obtained results indicate that short-term PM2.5 exposure alters the immune microenvironment and affects the inflammatory processes, thus potentially weakening the resistance to pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cafora
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- RAHH LAB, Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- RAHH LAB, Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Occupational Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Gao K, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Fu J, Fu J, Lu L, Qiu X, Zhu T. Concentration identification and endpoint-oriented health risk assessments on a broad-spectrum of organic compounds in atmospheric fine particles: A sampling experimental study in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167574. [PMID: 37804984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complicate chemical components in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) helps policy makers for pollutants control track progress and identify disparities in overall health risks. However, till now, information on accurate component detection, source identification, and effect-oriented risk assessment is scarce, especially for the simultaneous analysis of a broad-spectrum of compounds. In this study, a high-throughput target method was employed to distinguish the occurrence and characteristics of 152 chemicals: phthalate esters (PAEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), carboxylic acid esters (CAEs), nitrophenols (NPs), nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (NHCs), per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), triclosan and its derivatives (TCSs), and organosulfates (OSs) in ambient PM2.5 collected from Beijing, China. Detection frequencies of 77 targeted compounds were >50 %. Total concentrations of all compounds ranged from 33.1 to 745 ng/m3. The median concentration of ∑PAEs (108 ng/m3) was the highest, followed by ∑CAEs (12.2 ng/m3) and ∑NPs (10.1 ng/m3). Organophosphate diesters (di-OPEs) and TCSs were reported for the first time in ambient PM2.5. The pollutants mainly originated from the local industrial production, release of building materials, and environmental degradation of parent compounds. Based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET)-oriented risk evaluations, we found that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate have high health risks. Additionally, the high oxidative stress potential of 4-nitrocatechol and the strong blood-brain barrier penetration potential of triclosan cannot be ignored. Our study will facilitate the evaluations of specific health outcomes and mechanisms of pollutants, and suggestion of pollutants priority control to reduce human health hazards caused by atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Li
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Yang S, Wen L, Chai X, Song Y, Chen X, Chen ZF, Li R, Dong C, Qi Z, Cai Z. The protective effects of taurine and fish oil supplementation on PM 2.5-induced heart dysfunction among aged mice: A random double-blind study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:157966. [PMID: 35964740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As it is nearly impossible to reduce PM2.5 concentrations in most cities to safe limits in a short period of time, dietary supplementation presents a promising approach for mitigating the adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure. A cross-sectional study showed that the elderly population of Linfen (PM2.5: 102 μg/m3) exhibited significantly lower serum taurine levels, as well as higher oxidative stress levels and cardiovascular health risks, than the corresponding population in Guangzhou (PM2.5: 39 μg/m3). We conducted a random double-blind study on aged mice that employed a "real-world" PM2.5 exposure system to simulate the conditions of Linfen with the aim of investigating the protective effects of taurine and fish oil supplementation on PM2.5-induced heart dysfunction. When compared with the placebo group, supplementation with taurine and fish oil not only maintained normal taurine levels, but also suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation in aged mice subjected to high concentrations of PM2.5. Variations in heart rate, contractile function, cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis among different groups of aged mice were used to clarify the beneficial effects of taurine and fish oil supplementation. Our results not only revealed the protective effects of taurine and fish oil supplementation on heart dysfunction induced by PM2.5 exposure from the aged mice experiments and also provided new means for the elderly to resist PM2.5 pollution at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyao Wen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuyang Chai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), 528300 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Johannessen C, Saini A, Zhang X, Harner T. Air monitoring of tire-derived chemicals in global megacities using passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120206. [PMID: 36152723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from vehicle tires has received world-wide research attention due to its ubiquity and toxicity. In this study, we measured various tire-derived contaminants semi-quantitatively in archived extracts of passive air samplers deployed in 18 major cities that comprise the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network (GAPS-Megacities). Analysis was done on archived samples, which represent one-time weighted passive air samples from each of the 18 monitoring sites. The target analytes included cyclic amines, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) derivatives. Of the analyzed tire-derived contaminants, diphenylguanidine was the most frequently detected analyte across the globe, with estimated concentrations ranging from 45.0 pg/m3 in Beijing, China to 199 pg/m3 in Kolkata, India. The estimated concentrations of 6PPD-quinone and total benzothiazoles (including benzothiazole, 2-methylthio-benzothiazole, 2-methyl-benzothiazole, 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole) peaked in the Latin American and the Caribbean region at 1 pg/m3 and 100 pg/m3, respectively. In addition, other known tire-derived compounds, such as hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, phenylguanidine, and various transformation products of 6PPD, were also monitored and characterized semi-quantitatively or qualitatively. This study presents some of the earliest data on airborne concentrations of chemicals associated with tire-wear and shows that passive sampling is a viable techniquefor monitoring airborne tire-wear contamination. Due to the presence of many tire-derived contaminants in urban air across the globe as highlighted by this study, there is a need to determine the associated exposure and toxicity of these chemicals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Johannessen
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Amandeep Saini
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Deng C, Huang J, Qi Y, Chen D, Huang W. Distribution patterns of rubber tire-related chemicals with particle size in road and indoor parking lot dust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157144. [PMID: 35798097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, concerns have arisen from the chemicals incorporated into tire material which are of potential to leach with the tire and road wear particles (TRWP) into the environment. In this study, the distributions of substituted benzothiazoles (BTHs) and p-phenylenediamines (PPDs), two groups of representative TRWP-related chemicals, were investigated in various size fractions (<20, 20-53, 53-125, 125-250, 250-500, 500-1000 μm) of dust samples from open roads and indoor parking lots in the urban region of Guangzhou (Guangdong, China). Mass weight distribution of the dust samples showed that fractions of <250 μm accounted for >72% of the total dust in both microenvironments. Widespread occurrence was observed with >80% detection frequency for almost all target compounds in all the particle fractions. Concentrations of BTHs and PPDs were similar between the two dust matrices. In addition, the newly defined transformation product of 6PPD, 6PPD-Q was at the median concentration of 122 ng/g in road dust and 154 ng/g in indoor parking lot dust. Overall, concentrations of the target BTHs and PPDs varied in different size fractions, which were mostly dominated in fine particle sizes (<53 μm). Specially, >70% of the target compounds were in the size fractions of <250 μm, suggesting the necessity of using <250 μm fractions of particles for monitoring and evaluating contamination levels and exposure risks of BTHs and PPDs from dust in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Deng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jialing Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunqing Qi
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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8
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Wang W, Cao G, Zhang J, Wu P, Chen Y, Chen Z, Qi Z, Li R, Dong C, Cai Z. Beyond Substituted p-Phenylenediamine Antioxidants: Prevalence of Their Quinone Derivatives in PM 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10629-10637. [PMID: 35834306 PMCID: PMC9393868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Substituted para-phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants have been extensively used to retard oxidative degradation of tire rubber and were found to pervade multiple environmental compartments. However, there is a paucity of research on the environmental occurrences of their transformation products. In this study, we revealed the co-occurrence of six PPD-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) along with eight PPDs in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from two Chinese megacities, in which N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine quinone (77PD-Q) was identified and quantified for the first time. Prevalent occurrences of these emerging PPD-Qs were found in Taiyuan (5.59-8480 pg/m3) and Guangzhou (3.61-4490 pg/m3). Significantly higher levels of PPDs/PPD-Qs were observed at a roadside site, implying the possible contribution of vehicle emissions. Correlation analysis implied potential consistencies in the fate of these PPD-Qs and suggested that most of them were originated from the transformation of their parent PPDs. For different subpopulation groups under different exposure scenarios, the estimated daily intakes of PPD-Qs (0.16-1.25 ng kgbw-1 day-1) were comparable to those of their parent PPDs (0.19-1.41 ng kgbw-1 day-1), suggesting an important but overlooked exposure caused by novel PPD-Qs. Given the prolonged exposure of these antioxidants and their quinone derivatives to traffic-relevant occupations, further investigations on their toxicological and epidemiological effects are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute
of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute
of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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9
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Wen L, Yang C, Liao X, Zhang Y, Chai X, Gao W, Guo S, Bi Y, Tsang SY, Chen ZF, Qi Z, Cai Z. Investigation of PM 2.5 pollution during COVID-19 pandemic in Guangzhou, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 115:443-452. [PMID: 34969472 PMCID: PMC8279957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness about various environmental issues, including PM2.5 pollution. Here, PM2.5 pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown was traced and analyzed to clarify the sources and factors influencing PM2.5 in Guangzhou, with an emphasis on heavy pollution. The lockdown led to large reductions in industrial and traffic emissions, which significantly reduced PM2.5 concentrations in Guangzhou. Interestingly, the trend of PM2.5 concentrations was not consistent with traffic and industrial emissions, as minimum concentrations were observed in the fourth period (3/01-3/31, 22.45 μg/m3) of the lockdown. However, the concentrations of other gaseous pollutants, e.g., SO2, NO2 and CO, were correlated with industrial and traffic emissions, and the lowest values were noticed in the second period (1/24-2/03) of the lockdown. Meteorological correlation analysis revealed that the decreased PM2.5 concentrations during COVID-19 can be mainly attributed to decreased industrial and traffic emissions rather than meteorological conditions. When meteorological factors were included in the PM2.5 composition and backward trajectory analyses, we found that long-distance transportation and secondary pollution offset the reduction of primary emissions in the second and third stages of the pandemic. Notably, industrial PM2.5 emissions from western, southern and southeastern Guangzhou play an important role in the formation of heavy pollution events. Our results not only verify the importance of controlling traffic and industrial emissions, but also provide targets for further improvements in PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuyang Chai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Guangzhou Meteorological Public Service Center, Guangzhou Meteorological Service, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shulin Guo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinglei Bi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suk-Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Rm 510, Engineering Facility Building No.3, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Yang C, He S, Lu S, Liao X, Song Y, Chen ZF, Zhang G, Li R, Dong C, Qi Z, Cai Z. Pollution characteristics, exposure assessment and potential cardiotoxicities of PM 2.5-bound benzotriazole and its derivatives in typical Chinese cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151132. [PMID: 34695464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole and its derivatives (BTRs), classified as high-volume production chemicals, have been widely detected in various environmental media, including the atmosphere, water, soil and dust, as well as organisms. However, studies on the pollution characteristics and health impact of PM2.5 related BTRs are so far limited. This study is the first to demonstrate the regional scale distribution of PM2.5-bound BTRs and their potential cardiotoxicities. Optimized methods of extraction, purification and GC-EI-MS/MS were applied to characterize and analyze PM2.5-bound BTRs from three cities in China during the winter of 2018. The concentration of ∑BTRs in Taiyuan (6.28 ng·m-3) was more than three times that in Shanghai (1.53 ng·m-3) and Guangzhou (1.99 ng·m-3). Benzotriazole (BTR) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5TTR) contributed more than 80% of ∑BTRs concentration as the major pollutants among three cities. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between temperature and concentration of BTR and a negative correlation between temperature and concentration of 5TTR. In addition, the risk of BTRs exposure to toddlers should be paid more attention in Taiyuan by the human exposure assessment. Furthermore, toxicity screening by experimental methods indicated that 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4TTR) was the most harmful to cardiomyocytes. The western blot assay showed a ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway was activated after exposure to 4TTR in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). On the other hand, metabolomics revealed that exposure of 4TTR to NRCMs disturbed mitochondrial energy metabolism by disturbing pantothenate and coenzyme A synthesis pathway. Our study not only clarifies the contamination profiles of PM2.5-bound BTRs in typical Chinese cities but also reveals their cardiotoxicities associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiyao He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shimin Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Liao XL, Chen ZF, Zou T, Lin ZC, Chen XF, Wang Y, Qi Z, Cai Z. Chronic Exposure to Climbazole Induces Oxidative Stress and Sex Hormone Imbalance in the Testes of Male Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2558-2566. [PMID: 34874164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As the main active ingredient for the treatment of fungal infections, climbazole (CBZ) is commonly used in a variety of personal care products. After its use, CBZ enters the receiving environment directly or indirectly through domestic sewage. Its concentration can be up to several nanograms per liter in surface water. So far, the effects of CBZ on the reproductive system of female zebrafish have been systematically studied, but the potential toxicity mechanism of CBZ on male zebrafish still needs to be further explored. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg·L-1 for 28 days, and their testes were collected for histological, mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics, and biochemical analyses. We found that CBZ caused a significantly abnormal metabolism of purine and glutathione and triggered oxidative stress in zebrafish testes, thereby inducing testicular cell apoptosis. In addition, CBZ could inhibit the synthesis of essential sex hormones in the testis and thus reduce the sperm production. The conclusions of this study fill the data gap on the reproductive toxicity of CBZ to male zebrafish and highlight the ecotoxicological application of untargeted metabolomics in the biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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12
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Franklin EB, Alves MR, Moore AN, Kilgour DB, Novak GA, Mayer K, Sauer JS, Weber RJ, Dang D, Winter M, Lee C, Cappa CD, Bertram TH, Prather KA, Grassian VH, Goldstein AH. Atmospheric Benzothiazoles in a Coastal Marine Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15705-15714. [PMID: 34787411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic emissions from coastal waters play an important but poorly understood role in atmospheric chemistry in coastal regions. A mesocosm experiment focusing on facilitated biological blooms in coastal seawater, SeaSCAPE (Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution), was performed to study emission of volatile gases, primary sea spray aerosol, and formation of secondary marine aerosol as a function of ocean biological and chemical processes. Here, we report observations of aerosol-phase benzothiazoles in a marine atmospheric context with complementary measurements of dissolved-phase benzothiazoles. Though previously reported dissolved in polluted coastal waters, we report the first direct evidence of the transfer of these molecules from seawater into the atmosphere. We also report the first gas-phase observations of benzothiazole in the environment absent a direct industrial, urban, or rubber-based source. From the identities and temporal dynamics of the dissolved and aerosol species, we conclude that the presence of benzothiazoles in the coastal water (and thereby their emissions into the atmosphere) is primarily attributable to anthropogenic sources. Oxidation experiments to explore the atmospheric fate of gas-phase benzothiazole show that it produces secondary aerosol and gas-phase SO2, making it a potential contributor to secondary marine aerosol formation in coastal regions and a participant in atmospheric sulfur chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Franklin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexia N Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Delaney B Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gordon A Novak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kathryn Mayer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan S Sauer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robert J Weber
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Duyen Dang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Margaux Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Naccarato A, Tassone A, Martino M, Elliani R, Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Tagarelli A. An innovative green protocol for the quantification of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles and benzosulfonamides in PM 10 using microwave-assisted extraction coupled with solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117487. [PMID: 34090069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazoles (BTHs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) are chemicals used in several industrial and household applications. Despite these compounds are emerging pollutants, there is still a lack of information about their presence in outdoor air samples. In this paper, we developed a new method for the quantification of BTHs, BTRs, and BSAs in airborne particulate matter (PM10). The extraction of fourteen analytes from PM10 was accomplished by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using an environmentally friendly mixture of water and ethanol. SPME was used to analyze the target compounds from the MAE extract by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS/MS), eliminating additional sample clean-up steps. The best working conditions for MAE and SPME were examined multivariately by experimental design techniques. The target compounds were quantified in selected reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The proposed method was carefully validated, and the achieved results were satisfactory in terms of linearity, lower limit of quantification (picograms per cubic meter), intra- and inter-day accuracy (81-118% and 82-114%, respectively), and precision (repeatability and reproducibility in the range 2.3-17% and 7.4-19%, respectively). The application in a real monitoring campaign showed that the developed protocol is a valuable and eco-friendly alternative to the methods proposed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Naccarato
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonella Tassone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Martino
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rosangela Elliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Sprovieri
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rende, UNICAL-Polifunzionale, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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14
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Qi Z, Yang C, Liao X, Song Y, Zhao L, Liang X, Su Y, Chen ZF, Li R, Dong C, Cai Z. Taurine reduction associated with heart dysfunction after real-world PM 2.5 exposure in aged mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146866. [PMID: 33848856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient PM2.5 has been proved to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, little information is available on the age-dependent effects of PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system and the underlying mechanisms following chronic exposure. In this study, multi-aged mice were exposed to PM2.5 via the newly developed real-ambient PM2.5 exposure system to investigate age-related effects on the heart after long-term exposure. First, the chemical and physical properties of PM2.5 used in the exposure system were analyzed. The heart rate of conscious mice was recorded, and results showed that exposure of aged mice to PM2.5 for 26 weeks significantly increased heart rate. Histological analysis and ELISA assays indicated that aged mice were more sensitive to PM2.5 exposure in terms of inducing cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics revealed that taurine was involved with the PM2.5-induced cardiac dysfunction. The reduced taurine concentration in the heart was examined by LC-MS and imaging mass spectrometry; it may be due to the increased p53 expression level, ROS and inflammatory cytokines. These results emphasize the age-dependent effects of PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system and suggest that taurine may be the novel cardiac effect target for PM2.5-induced heart dysfunction in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuping Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Borrego-Muñoz P, Ospina F, Quiroga D. A Compendium of the Most Promising Synthesized Organic Compounds against Several Fusarium oxysporum Species: Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:3997. [PMID: 34208916 PMCID: PMC8271819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum (FOX) is one of the main limitations of producing several agricultural products worldwide, causing economic losses between 40% and 100%. Various methods have been developed to control this phytopathogen, such as the cultural, biological, and chemical controls, the latter being the most widely used in the agricultural sector. The treatment of this fungus through systemic fungicides, although practical, brings problems because the agrochemical agents used have shown mutagenic effects on the fungus, increasing the pathogen's resistance. The design and the synthesis of novel synthetic antifungal agents used against FOX have been broadly studied in recent years. This review article presents a compendium of the synthetic methodologies during the last ten years as promissory, which can be used to afford novel and potential agrochemical agents. The revision is addressed from the structural core of the most active synthetic compounds against FOX. The synthetic methodologies implemented strategies based on cyclo condensation reactions, radical cyclization, electrocyclic closures, and carbon-carbon couplings by metal-organic catalysis. This revision contributes significantly to the organic chemistry, supplying novel alternatives for the use of more effective agrochemical agents against F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diego Quiroga
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Campus Nueva Granada, Universidad Militar, Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia; (P.B.-M.); (F.O.)
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16
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Liu X, Zeng X, Dong G, Venier M, Xie Q, Yang M, Wu Q, Zhao F, Chen D. Plastic Additives in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter in the Pearl River Delta, China: High-Throughput Characterization and Health Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4474-4482. [PMID: 33710877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the chemical components of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) facilitates the characterization of atmospheric contamination sources and associated human exposure risks. In the present study, we employed a high-throughput analytical approach to investigate the abundance and distribution of 163 plastic additives in ambient PM2.5 collected from 94 different sites across the Pearl River Delta region, China. These chemicals are from six categories, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalate esters (PAEs), PAE replacements, bisphenol analogues, UV stabilizers, and antioxidants. Ninety-three of them exhibited a detection frequency greater than 50% in PM2.5, while the combined concentrations of target plastic additives ranged from 610 to 49,400 μg/g (median: 3500 μg/g) across sites. By category, concentrations of PAEs (median: 2710 μg/g) were one to three orders of magnitude greater than those of other groups, followed by PAE replacements (540 μg/g) and OPEs (76.2 μg/g). Chemical-dependent exposure risks to PM2.5-bound plastic additives were characterized via the estimated daily intake and hazard quotient (HQ) approaches, which resulted in two different risk prioritization systems. Although the HQ approach suggested no or very low health concerns when considering individual chemicals, the complexity of co-concurrent chemicals in PM2.5 raises the concern on potential health risks from exposure to airborne particles and a cocktail of chemical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Marta Venier
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Qitong Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qizhen Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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