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Dai Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xiang T, Peng J, Mao X, Fan Y, Wang F, Yang S, Cao W. Nutrient enrichment by high aquaculture effluent input exacerbates imbalances between methane production and oxidation in mangrove sediments. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 280:123552. [PMID: 40174424 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Frequent aquaculture activities introduce substantial nutrients into mangrove ecosystems; however, the impact of this nutrient enrichment on methane (CH4) emissions and the associated microbial communities remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used the static chamber method, combined with 16S rRNA-based, metagenomic sequencing and binning techniques, to investigate the emission patterns of greenhouse gases (GHGs), with a particular focus on CH4, in mangroves subjected to different levels of effluents. The results showed that the effluent input decreased the mineral protection of sediment carbon (C) pools and increased C loss by more than double. In particular, high effluent input increased CH4 emissions by 243.3 %. Random forest analysis revealed that changes in methanogens were an important factor in explaining the variation of CH4 emissions. Amplicon data showed that the proportion of methylotrophic methanogens increased after effluent input, and metagenomic binning further attributed this change to the adaptability of methylotrophic methanogens to the substances transporting by the effluent. The enhanced hypoxia in sediments resulting from effluent input promoted the transition of methanotrophic communities from aerobic to anaerobic types and made anaerobic oxidation of CH4 more reliant on sulfur reduction rather than nitrate reduction. The PLS model further revealed that the nutrients brought by effluent input stimulated an increase in DOC content which induced an imbalance between CH4 production and oxidation in sediments by facilitating methanogens but inhibiting methanotrophs, ultimately resulting in an increase in CH4 fluxes. These findings underscore the significance of mangroves receiving effluent input as critical consequent reactors, highlighting the necessity to consider effects of high nutrient enrichment by aquaculture effluent input on GHG emissions and blue C potential in mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Dai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiarui Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiangjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yifei Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Shengchang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Liu Y, Xiao W, Feng J, Fernández-Martínez M, Stevens C, Zheng Z, Zhou X. Phosphorus addition diminishes the negative effect of nitrogen addition on methane sink in subtropical forest soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 963:178461. [PMID: 39818163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Increased global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs caused by human activities can significantly impact methane (CH4) uptake in terrestrial ecosystems. Forest soils, as the largest CH4 sink among terrestrial ecosystems, play a crucial role in mitigating global warming. However, the effects of long-term N and P additions on CH4 sink and the associated microbial mechanisms in subtropical forest soils remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a one-year in-situ field observations of soil CH4 fluxes in a long-term N and P addition experimental platform in subtropical forest, focusing on community structure and abundance of methanotrophs. Our findings revealed that long-term N addition significantly reduced the forest CH4 sink, which was attributed mostly to a decrease in the CH4 oxidation potential and the abundance of methanotrophs. Conversely, long-term P addition significantly enhanced the forest CH4 sink due to an increase in the CH4 oxidation potential and abundance of methanotrophs. Furthermore, we found a significant interactive effect of long-term N and P additions on forest CH4 sink, with P mitigating the inhibitory effects of N addition on soil CH4 sink. Overall, our results underscore the importance of understanding the interactive effects of long-term N and P additions on CH4 sink in forests. This knowledge will enhance the accuracy of model predictions regarding atmospheric CH4 dynamics amidst future global changes in N and P inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Zemei Zheng
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Zhao J, Hu Y, Wang J, Gao W, Liu D, Yang M, Chen X, Xie H, He H, Zhang X, Lu C. Greenhouse gas emissions from the growing season are regulated by precipitation events in conservation tillage farmland ecosystems of Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174716. [PMID: 39004355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural ecosystems is vital to mitigate global warming. Conservation tillage is widely used in farmland management to improve soil quality; however, its effects on soil GHG emissions remain poorly understood, particularly in high-yield areas. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effects of no-tillage (NT) combined with four straw-mulching levels (0 %, 33 %, 67 %, and 100 %) on GHG emission risk and the main influencing factors. We conducted in-situ observations of GHG emissions from soils under different management practices during the maize-growing season in Northeastern China. The results showed that NT0 (705.94 g m-2) reduced CO2 emissions by 18 % compared to ridge tillage (RT, 837.04 g m-2). Different straw mulching levels stimulated N2O emissions after rainfall, particularly under NT combined with 100 % straw mulching (2.89 kg ha-1), which was 45 % higher than that in any other treatments. The CH4 emissions flux among different treatments was nearly zero. Overall, straw mulching levels had no significant effect on the GHG emissions. During the growing season, soil NH4+-N (< 20 mg kg-1) remained low and decreased with the extension of growth stage, whereas soil NO3--N initially increased and then decreased. More importantly, the results of structural equation modeling indicate that: a) organic material input and soil moisture are key factors affecting CO2 emissions, b) nitrogen fertilizer and soil moisture promote N2O emissions, and c) climatic factors exert an inexorable influence on the GHG emissions process. Our conclusions emphasize the necessity of incorporating precipitation-response measures into farmland management to reduce the risk of GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wanjing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Deyao Liu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Miaoyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongtu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Caiyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Abdo AI, Sun D, Yang K, Li Y, Shi Z, Abd Allah WE, El-Sobky ESEA, Wei H, Zhang J, Kuzyakov Y. Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17277. [PMID: 38634544 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
More than half of the world's population is nourished by crops fertilized with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers. However, N fertilization is a major source of anthropogenic emissions, augmenting the carbon footprint (CF). To date, no global quantification of the CF induced by N fertilization of the main grain crops has been performed, and quantifications at the national scale have neglected the CO2 assimilated by plants. A first cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the CF of the N fertilizers' production, transportation, and application to the field and the uses of the produced biomass in livestock feed and human food, as well as biofuel production. We quantified the direct and indirect inventories emitted or sequestered by N fertilization of main grain crops: wheat, maize, and rice. Grain food produced with N fertilization had a net CF of 7.4 Gt CO2eq. in 2019 after excluding the assimilated C in plant biomass, which accounted for a quarter of the total CF. The cradle (fertilizer production and transportation), gate (fertilizer application, and soil and plant systems), and grave (feed, food, biofuel, and losses) stages contributed to the CF by 2%, 11%, and 87%, respectively. Although Asia was the top grain producer, North America contributed 38% of the CF due to the greatest CF of the grave stage (2.5 Gt CO2eq.). The CF of grain crops will increase to 21.2 Gt CO2eq. in 2100, driven by the rise in N fertilization to meet the growing food demand without actions to stop the decline in N use efficiency. To meet the targets of climate change, we introduced an ambitious mitigation strategy, including the improvement of N agronomic efficiency (6% average target for the three crops) and manufacturing technology, reducing food losses, and global conversion to healthy diets, whereby the CF can be reduced to 5.6 Gt CO2eq. in 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Abdo
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Daolin Sun
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazheng Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoji Shi
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - W E Abd Allah
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Hui Wei
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Gottingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Gottingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Du C, Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang W, Xu R, Zhou B, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Zhou X, Wang Z. Novel annual nitrogen management strategy improves crop yield and reduces greenhouse gas emissions in wheat-maize rotation systems under limited irrigation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120236. [PMID: 38310800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Excessive irrigation and nitrogen application have long seriously undermined agricultural sustainability in the North China Plain (NCP), leading to declining groundwater tables and intensified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Developing low-input management practices that meet the growing food demand while reducing environmental costs is urgently needed. Here, we developed a novel nitrogen management strategy for a typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the NCP under limited irrigation (wheat sowing irrigation only (W0) or sowing and jointing irrigation (W1)) and low nitrogen input (360 kg N ha-1, about 70 % of traditional annual nitrogen input). Novel nitrogen management strategy promoted efficient nitrogen fertilizer uptake and utilization by both crops via optimization of nitrogen fertilizer allocation between the two crops, i.e., increasing nitrogen inputs to wheat (from 180 to 240 kg N ha-1) while reducing nitrogen inputs to maize (from 180 to 120 kg N ha-1). Three-year field study demonstrated that integrated management practices combining novel nitrogen management strategy with limited irrigation increased annual yields and PFPN by 1.9-5.7 %, and reduced TGE by 55-68 kg CO2-eq ha-1 and GHGI by 2.2-10.3 %, without any additional cost. Our results provide agricultural operators and policymakers with practical and easy-to-scalable integrated management strategy, and offer key initiative to promote grain production in the NCP towards agriculture sustainable intensification with high productivity and efficiency, water conservation and emission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghang Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jieru Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runlai Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingjin Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuechen Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China; College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhencai Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Biochar Application on the Diversity of Soil Bacteria and Fungi. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030641. [PMID: 36985214 PMCID: PMC10057247 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar is increasingly being used for soil improvement, but the effects on microbial diversity in soil are still ambiguous due to contrasting results reported in the literature. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the effect of biochar addition on soil bacterial and fungal diversity with an increase in Shannon or Chao1 index as the outcome. Different experimental setups, quantitative levels of biochar addition, various biochar source materials and preparation temperatures, and the effect of natural precipitation in field experiments were the investigated variables. From a total of 95 publications identified for analysis, 384 datasets for Shannon index and 277 datasets for Chao1 index were extracted that described the bacterial diversity in the soils, of which field experiments and locations in China dominated. The application of biochar in soil significantly increased the diversity of soil bacteria but it had no significant effect on the diversity of fungi. Of the different experimental setups, the largest increase in bacterial diversity was seen for field experiments, followed by pot experiments, but laboratory and greenhouse settings did not report a significant increase. In field experiments, natural precipitation had a strong effect, and biochar increased bacterial diversity most in humid conditions (mean annual precipitation, MAP > 800 mm), followed by semi-arid conditions (MAP 200–400 mm). Biochar prepared from herbaceous materials was more effective to increase bacterial diversity than other raw materials and the optimal pyrolysis temperature was 350–550 °C. Addition of biochar at various levels produced inconclusive data for Chao1 and Shannon indices, and its effect was less strong than that of the other assessed variables.
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Xu H, Liu Q, Wang S, Yang G, Xue S. A global meta-analysis of the impacts of exotic plant species invasion on plant diversity and soil properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152286. [PMID: 34902405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant diversity and biogeochemical cycles are rapidly changing in response to exotic plant species invasion. However, there are conflicting conclusions regarding the quantification of such changes in the soil properties and plant diversity. Moreover, the relationships between soil properties and plant diversity are unclear. Here, a global meta-analysis was conducted on the impact of exotic species invasion on soil physicochemistry, microbial activity, and plant diversity using data from 123 published reports and 332 samples. Exotic species invasion significantly enhanced the soil pH, soil microbial activity, and soil nutrient content. The impact was more substantial for grass than for shrub and tree. Exotic species invasion did not significantly affect soil texture, but significantly reduced the plant diversity, richness, and evenness by 36.97%, 64.72%, and 47.21%, respectively. Soil pH, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with plant diversity reduction. The response ratio of plant richness and evenness gradually increased with precipitation. However, the response ratio of phosphatase, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial biomass phosphorus, total nitrogen, and soil moisture gradually decreased with precipitation. Overall, exotic species invasion significantly increased the soil nutrient content and soil microbial activity, but significantly decreased plant diversity. These effects were influenced by exotic species types and precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shaoyong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Guisen Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
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