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Bakibillah A, Kamal M, Tan CP, Hayakawa T, Imura JI. Optimal eco-driving scheme for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions on curved roads. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23586. [PMID: 38173479 PMCID: PMC10761797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy consumption and emissions of a vehicle are highly influenced by road contexts and driving behavior. Especially, driving on horizontal curves often necessitates a driver to brake and accelerate, which causes additional fuel consumption and emissions. This paper proposes a novel optimal ecological (eco) driving scheme (EDS) using nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) considering various road contexts, i.e., curvatures and surface conditions. Firstly, a nonlinear optimization problem is formulated considering a suitable prediction horizon and an objective function based on factors affecting fuel consumption, emissions, and driving safety. Secondly, the EDS dynamically computes the optimal velocity trajectory for the host vehicle considering its dynamics model, the state of the preceding vehicle, and information of road contexts that reduces fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Finally, we analyze the effect of different penetration rates of the EDS on overall traffic performance. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated using microscopic traffic simulations under dense and mixed traffic environment, and it is found that the proposed EDS substantially reduces the fuel consumption and carbon emissions of the host vehicle compared to the traditional (human-based) driving system (TDS), while ensuring driving safety. The proposed scheme can be employed as an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for semi-autonomous vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S.M. Bakibillah
- Department of Systems and Control Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - M.A.S. Kamal
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Chee Pin Tan
- School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tomohisa Hayakawa
- Department of Systems and Control Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Imura
- Department of Systems and Control Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Liu C, Pei Y, Wu C, Zhang F, Qin J. Novel insights into the NOx emissions characteristics in PEMS tests of a heavy-duty vehicle under different payloads. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119400. [PMID: 37925984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Real Drive Emission (RDE) test with Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) is a widely adopted way to assess vehicle emission compliance. However, the current NOx emissions calculation method stipulated in the China VI emission standard easily ignores the NOx emissions during cold start and low-power operation. To study the effect of cold start and low-power operation on the calculation of NOx emissions in the PEMS test, in this study, a China VI Heavy-Duty Vehicle (HDV) for urban use was used to conduct PEMS tests under various vehicle payload conditions. The data analysis results show that the increase in vehicle payload is beneficial to reducing the specific NOx emissions and passing the NOx emission compliance test because the increased payload improves the NOx conversion efficiency of the SCR system. Cold start duration has no obvious relationship with vehicle payload, accounting for only about 4∼6% in each test, but contributing more than 30% of NOx emissions. Due to the effect of the power threshold and the 90th cumulative percentile, the cold start data has little influence on the result of the NOx emissions assessment and the maximum variation of the NOx emissions result in this study is an 8% rise. For the HDV for urban use, the variation of the power threshold resulting from vehicle payload is small, no more than 2% in this study. The presence of the power threshold makes almost only the low-power operation in the second half of urban driving have an impact on the NOx emissions calculation, which may make more than 50% of NOx emissions in the PEMS test be neglected. The impact of the low-power operation on NOx emissions calculation result will be significantly enhanced if all windows are considered in the Moving Average Window (MAW) method. In the meantime, the degree of variation is closely related to the NOx emissions level during the first half of urban driving. The maximum deterioration of NOx emission assessment result can be more than 90% in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqiang Pei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunling Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; CATARC Automotive Test Center Company Limited, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Chandrashekar C, Rawat RS, Chatterjee P, Pawar DS. Evaluating the real-world emissions of diesel passenger Car in Indian heterogeneous traffic. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1248. [PMID: 37755554 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A 30 portable emission measurement system (PEMS) test was conducted in this study to examine the effect of driving modes (aggressive and normal) and road type (urban and rural) on tailpipe emissions. Driving modes were assessed using relative positive acceleration and velocity × positive acceleration factors. The findings revealed that aggressive and normal driving modes differed significantly on urban and rural roads, as evident from paired sample t-test (p < 0.05). Furthermore, aggressive driving exhibited more prominent speed and acceleration on rural roads, while normal driving modes showed consistent acceleration or speed patterns regardless of road conditions as observed from kernel density estimation and box plot analysis. Emission rates (CO, CO2, HC, and NOx) significantly varied between aggressive and normal driving modes on urban and rural roads, as indicated by paired sample t-test analysis (p < 0.05). Aggressive driving increased CO2, CO, and HC emission rates for acceleration and deceleration modes by 18% to 40% compared to normal driving. Aggressive driving modes increased the emission factors (CO, HC, and CO2) by 5% to 25% compared to the normal driving mode on both urban and rural roads. Moreover, the NOx emission factors were also found significant during normal driving conditions on urban roads. This study provides real-world emission factors of diesel cars considering the impact of route, vehicle familiarity, and driving behavior induced by varying traffic conditions, which will contribute to improve the current emissions inventory on both a local and global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdaiah Chandrashekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, India
| | - Rohan Singh Rawat
- Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, India
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, India
| | - Digvijay Sampatrao Pawar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, India.
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Srivastava RK, Nedungadi SV, Akhtar N, Sarangi PK, Subudhi S, Shadangi KP, Govarthanan M. Effective hydrolysis for waste plant biomass impacts sustainable fuel and reduced air pollution generation: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160260. [PMID: 36400296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among various natural biowastes availability in the environment, agricultural residues showed great impacts. It is due to huge availability and cheap carbon source, creating big challenges for their utility and systematic reduction. Objective of this review is to address the waste biomass availability and huge quantities issues and also put effort to minimize this nutrient load via biotransforming into value-added products. Different wastes (organic/inorganic) generation with their negative issues are due to numbers of developmental and social activities, reported. Currently, various efforts are found for these wastes minimization via generation of different types of value-added products (biogas, bioH2, alcoholic fuel, organic acids and others products) and these wastes in municipal cities are also reported with production of advanced biofuels as promising outcomes. For hydrolysis of complex organic resources including lignocellulosic biomasses, physicochemical, structural or compositional changes are needed that aid in conversion into sugar and organic compounds such as biofuels. So, efficient and effective pretreatment processes selection (physical, biological, chemical or combined one) is critical to achieve these hydrolysis goals and resultant cellulose or hemicellulose components can be accessible by biological catalysis. These can achieve final hydrolysis and fermentative or monomer sugars. And later, synthesis of fuels or value-added products during microbial fermentation or biotransformation processes can be achieved. This review discusses pretreatment techniques for improved hydrolysis for fermentative sugar with emphasis on reduced quantities of toxic compounds (furfural compound) in hydrolyzed biomasses. Minimum deterioration fuel economy also reported with production of different bioproducts including biofuels. Additionally, impacts of toxic products and gasses emission are also discussed with their minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam 530045, India.
| | - Sruthy Vineed Nedungadi
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Nasim Akhtar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | | | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- Advanced Biofuels program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India
| | - Krushna Prasad Shadangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India
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Effective and Acceptable Eco-Driving Guidance for Human-Driving Vehicles: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127310. [PMID: 35742559 PMCID: PMC9223297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Eco-driving guidance refers to courses, warnings, or suggestions provided to human drivers to improve driving behaviour to enable less energy use and emissions. This paper reviews existing eco-driving guidance studies and identifies challenges to tackle in the future. We summarize two categories of current guidance systems, static and dynamic, distinguished by whether real-world driving records are used to generate behaviour guidance or not. We find that influencing factors, such as the content of suggestions, the display methods, and drivers’ socio-demographic characteristics, have varied effects on the guidance results across studies. Drivers are reported to have basic eco-driving knowledge, while the question of how to motivate the acceptance and practice of such behaviour, especially in the long term, is overlooked. Adaptive driving suggestions based on drivers’ individual habits can improve the effectiveness and acceptance while this field is under investigation. In-vehicle assistance presents potential safety issues, and visualized in-vehicle assistance is reported to be most distractive. Given existing studies focusing on the operational level, a common agreement on the guidance design and associated influencing factors has yet to be reached. Research on the systematic and tactical design of eco-driving guidance and in-vehicle interaction is advised.
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