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Wang X, Zou T, Lian J, Chen Y, Cheng L, Hamid Y, He Z, Jeyakumar P, Yang X, Wang H. Simultaneous mitigation of cadmium contamination and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy soil by iron-modified biochar. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 488:137430. [PMID: 39892149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils is one of the major environmental challenges globally. Biochar is a promising material for mitigating Cd pollution, but it carries the risk of increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Herein, we incorporate iron-based materials into biochar to simultaneously enhance soil nutrients, mitigate heavy metal contamination, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results showed that the iron-modified biochar (FeBC) increased soil available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and soil organic carbon. All materials promoted the formation of strongly bound Cd (FMO-Cd), with FeBC outperforming standalone iron or biochar by reducing soil Cd bioavailability by 17.0-44.9 %. And the goethite-modified biochar (GBC) further enhanced iron plaque [FeO(OH)] formation, achieving the highest Cd reduction (80.4 %) in rice grains. In addition, except for biochar and zero-valent iron, the other treatments significantly suppressed CH4 emission and stabilized CO2 and N2O. Among them, GBC treatment reduced the relative abundance of the mcrA gene, a CH4 emission-related gene, by 22.7 %, ultimately leading to the highest reduction in CH4 emissions (26.3 %). These findings suggest the potential of FeBC as soil amendments to improve soil nutrients and food safety, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong Zou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanchang Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Nanchang 330038, China.
| | - Jiapan Lian
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liping Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida-IFAS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Liao F, Fu K, Zhang W, Song H, Kong Y, Wang Z, Tang J. Stabilization mechanism and remediation effectiveness of Pb and cd in agricultural soil using nonmetallic minerals. Sci Rep 2025; 15:12757. [PMID: 40223021 PMCID: PMC11994751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Soil contaminated by Pb and Cd has aroused worldwide concern due to the environmental hazards they pose. The effects, mechanisms, and evaluation of Pb and Cd contaminated agricultural soil remediation by nonmetallic minerals are still poorly understood. In this study, solidification/stabilization experiments were used to screen nonmetallic mineral materials and optimize their dosages. Stabilization mechanisms of Pb and Cd by nonmetallic mineral materials were investigated by adsorption kinetics, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effectiveness of soil remediation was further confirmed through a pot experiment with pak choi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis), an important non-heading leafy vegetable. Results demonstrated that the SL composite (composed of 2.5% sepiolite and 1.5% limestone, with a total dosage of 4.0%) exhibits the optimal stabilization effect on soil contaminated with Pb and Cd. In soils with low, medium, and high contamination levels, SL reduced the bioavailability of Pb by 97.97%, 96.78%, and 95.82%, and the bioavailability of Cd by 92.96%, 91.76%, and 91.02%, respectively. SL surfaces are rich in hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonate (CO32-) groups, enabling binding with Pb and Cd ions to form hydroxide and carbonate precipitates. Such interactions suggest that chemical adsorption primarily drives Pb and Cd ion stabilization, reducing their bioavailability in soil. Pak choi grown in SL-remediated soil exhibited Pb and Cd contents compliant with China's food safety standards. These findings further validate the bioavailability reduction rate as a suitable metric for evaluating the remediation effectiveness of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils. This study provides a new strategy for evaluating the remediation efficiency of heavy metal-contaminated agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaibin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China.
- Tianfu Institute of Research and Innovation, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610299, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Song
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongcheng Wang
- SWUST-Liwu Copper Industry Innovation Institute, Sichuan Liwu Copper Industry Co., Ltd., Ganzi, 626000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Li X, Geng T, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zheng X, Sheng H, Jiang Y, Jin P, Kui X, Liu H, Ma G, Yun J, Yan X, Zhang X, Galindo-Prieto B, Kelly FJ, Mudway I. Using machine learning to predict soil lead relative bioavailability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 483:136515. [PMID: 39591930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the relative bioavailability (RBA) can be applied to assess the effects of Pb on human health, there is no definition and no specific data of Pb-RBA to different soil sources and endpoints in vivo. In this study, we estimated the Pb-RBA from different soil sources and endpoints based on machine learning. The Pb-BAc and Pb-RBA in soils were found to be mostly in the range of 20-80 %, which is different from the USEPA Pb-RBA of 60 % in soils. The mean Pb-RBA for different biological endpoints in vivo predicted using the RF model were 49.94 ± 18.65 % for blood; 60.15 ± 26.62 %, kidney; 60.90 ± 21.51 %, liver; 50.70 ± 17.56 %, femur; and 62.89 ± 16.64 % as a combined measure. Pb-RBA of shooting range soils was 88.21 ± 16.92 % (mean), spiked/aged soils 77.11 ± 14.05 % and certified reference materials 73.70 ± 20.31 %; agricultural soil 68.28 ± 18.93 %, urban soil 64.36 ± 21.82 %, mining/smelting soils 53.99 ± 17.66 %, and industrial soils 47.71 ± 20.35 %. This study is first to define the Pb-RBA according to various soil sources and endpoints in vivo with the objective of providing more accurate Pb-RBA data for soil lead risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Tunyang Geng
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xueming Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - He Sheng
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Yueheng Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xuelian Kui
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Jiang Yun
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Yan
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Beatriz Galindo-Prieto
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Units in Environmental Exposures and Health, and Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Units in Environmental Exposures and Health, and Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Units in Environmental Exposures and Health, and Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wang X, Zhai X, Lian J, Cheng L, Wang M, Huang X, Chen Y, Pan J, He Z, Yang X. Varietal responses to a soil amendment: Balancing cadmium mitigation and mineral biofortification in wheat production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171772. [PMID: 38499106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The application of soil amendment (SA) and the cultivation of low Cd-accumulating varieties have been a widely favored strategy to enable the safe utilization of Cd-contaminated arable land. However, little has been reported on the reciprocal effects of SA on the Cd mitigation and nutritional quality of different wheat varieties. In this study, we evaluated the impact of an SA on agronomic traits, Cd accumulation, translocation and mineral nutrition of 12 wheat varieties in an acidic field with a Cd concentration of 0.46 mg/kg. The results showed that the SA significantly reduced soil DTPA Cd (42.3 %) and resulted in a slight decrease in wheat grain yield (4.24-9.72 %, average 7.62 %). Similarly, the SA significantly reduced grain Cd concentrations (average 61.65 %) while increased the concentrations of beneficial elements such as Mo and Se in all wheat varieties. However, this intervention also led to a reduction in the concentration of essential mineral elements (such as Ca, Fe, and Mn) in whole wheat grain and starchy endosperm, as well as a reduction in their proportion in the bran. Based on genotypic differences, Huaimai 33, Zhenmai 168, Sumai 188 and Yangmai 28 were considered to be the relatively most promising wheat varieties for achieving a balance among food safety, nutritional quality, and economic yield in this region. Taken together, this study highlights the varietal differences in Cd mitigation and mineral accumulation in different wheat varieties in response to the SA, offering new perspectives for phytoremediation and biofortification strategies for Cd-contaminated farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiapan Lian
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Liping Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Pan
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, Huzhou 323000, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida-IFAS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chen XC, Huang ZJ, Wang A, Yu JY, Zhang JY, Xiao ZJ, Cui XY, Liu XH, Yin NY, Cui YS. Immobilisation remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils with promising CaAl-layered double hydroxide and bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and speciation-based health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134096. [PMID: 38522195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As)-contaminated soil poses great health risk to human mostly through inadvertent oral exposure. We investigated CaAl-layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH), a promising immobilising agent, for the remediation of As-contaminated Chinese soils. The effects on specific soil properties and As fractionation were analyzed, and changes in the health risk of soil As were accurately assessed by means of advanced in vivo mice model and in vitro PBET-SHIME model. Results showed that the application of CaAl-LDH significantly increased soil pH and concentration of Fe and Al oxides, and effectively converted active As fractions into the most stable residual fraction, guaranteeing long-term remediation stability. Based on in vivo test, As relative bioavailability was significantly reduced by 37.75%. Based on in vitro test, As bioaccessibility in small intestinal and colon phases was significantly reduced by 25.65% and 28.57%, respectively. Furthermore, As metabolism (reduction and methylation) by the gut microbiota inhabiting colon was clearly observed. After immobilisation with CaAl-LDH, the concentration of bioaccessible As(Ⅴ) in the colon fluid was significantly reduced by 61.91%, and organic As (least toxic MMA(V) and DMA(V)) became the main species, which further reduced the health risk of soil As. In summary, CaAl-LDH proved to be a feasible option for immobilisation remediation of As-contaminated soils, and considerable progress was made in relevant health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Chen
- Innovation Center for Soil Remediation and Restoration Technologies, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Wulongjiangbei Road, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Zhen-Jia Huang
- Innovation Center for Soil Remediation and Restoration Technologies, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Wulongjiangbei Road, Fuzhou 350108, PR China; Zhongke Tongheng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.,1300 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Ao Wang
- Innovation Center for Soil Remediation and Restoration Technologies, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Wulongjiangbei Road, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Yu
- Innovation Center for Soil Remediation and Restoration Technologies, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Wulongjiangbei Road, Fuzhou 350108, PR China; The Second Geological Exploration Institute, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, 1 Kejidong Road, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Longchang Chemical Co. Ltd., 1 Qianjiang Road, Rugao 226532, PR China
| | - Zi-Jun Xiao
- Quanzhou Yangyu Soil Technology Co. Ltd., 9 Huize Road, Quanzhou 362100, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Nai-Yi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101408, PR China
| | - Yan-Shan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101408, PR China.
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