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Ankley PJ, Challis J, Xia P, Gong Y, Zhou Y, Hecker M, Giesy JP, Brinkmann M. Interactions of erythromycin and an antibiotic mixture with the gut microbiome of juvenile rainbow trout. CHEMOSPHERE 2025; 377:144263. [PMID: 40120561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Erythromycin (ERY) is a commonly used antibiotic found in wastewater effluents and the environment globally. Due to the bioactivity by which they kill and prevent bacterial growth, ERY and other antibiotics may have significant unwanted impacts on the gut microbiome of fishes. The overall objective of this project was to assess effects on the gut microbiome in response to exposure to ERY alone or in a mixture with other common antibiotics, which was accomplished in two experiments. The objectives of experiment 1 as a pilot study were to understand uptake and depuration of ERY in juvenile rainbow trout (RBT) over a 7-d exposure to three concentrations of ERY followed by a 7-d depuration period. Furthermore, throughout the study changes in gut microbiome were assessed. In experiment 2, an identical experimental design was used to assess the effects of a mixture of antibiotics containing, in addition to ERY, 100 μg/g each of ampicillin, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin. In that study, three matrices were analyzed, with gut collected for 16S rRNA metabarcoding, blood plasma for non-targeted metabolomics, and brain tissue for mRNA-seq analysis. ERY was relatively quickly depurated from fish and gut microbiome dysbiosis was observed at 7 d after exposure, with a slight recovery after the 7-d depuration period. A greater number of plasma metabolites was dysregulated at 14 d compared to 7 d revealing distinct temporal dynamics compared to gut microbiome dysbiosis. Furthermore, several transformation products of antibiotics and biomarker metabolites were observed in plasma due to antibiotic exposure. The transcriptome of the brain was only slightly altered due to antibiotic exposure. Results of these studies will help inform aquaculture practitioners and risk assessors when assessing the potential impacts of antibiotics present in fish feed and the environment, with implications for host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Ankley
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Challis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Pu Xia
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5CN, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, 76706, USA
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5CN, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Michorowska S, Kucharski D, Chojnacka J, Nałęcz-Jawecki G, Marek D, Giebułtowicz J. Metabolomic study on ostracods exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of five pharmaceuticals selected via a novel approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174036. [PMID: 38889824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) are increasingly detected in aquatic ecosystems, yet their effects on biota remain largely unknown. The environmentally relevant concentrations of many PhACs may not result in individual-level responses, like mortality or growth inhibition, traditional toxicity endpoints. However, this doesn't imply the absence of negative effects on biota. Metabolomics offers a more sensitive approach, detecting responses at molecular and cellular levels and providing mechanistic understanding of adverse effects. We evaluated bioaccumulation and metabolic alterations in a benthic ostracod, Heterocypris incongruens, exposed to a mixture of five PhACs (carbamazepine, tiapride, tolperisone, propranolol and amlodipine) at environmentally relevant concentrations for 7 days using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The selection of PhACs was based, among other factors, on risk quotient values determined using toxicological data available in the literature and concentrations of PhACs quantified in our previous research in the sediments of the Odra River estuary. This represents a novel approach to PhACs selection for metabolomic studies that considers strictly quantitative data. Amlodipine and tolperisone exhibited the highest bioaccumulation. Significant impacts were observed in Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, Histidine metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and Glutathione metabolism pathways. Most of the below-individual-level responses were likely nonspecific and related to dysregulation in energy metabolism and oxidative stress response. Additionally, some pharmaceutical-specific responses were also observed. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics can be used to detect metabolic changes resulting from environmentally relevant concentrations of PhACs in aquatic ecosystems and to understand their underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Michorowska
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dawid Kucharski
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Chojnacka
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dominik Marek
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
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Grabicová K, Duchet C, Švecová H, Randák T, Boukal DS, Grabic R. The effect of warming and seasonality on bioaccumulation of selected pharmaceuticals in freshwater invertebrates. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121360. [PMID: 38422695 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Multiple human-induced environmental stressors significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Climate warming and chemical pollution are two widespread stressors whose impact on freshwaters is likely to increase. However, little is known about the combined effects of warming on the bioaccumulation of environmentally relevant mixtures of emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in freshwater biota. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of a mixture of 15 selected PhACs at environmentally relevant concentrations in common freshwater macroinvertebrate taxa, exposed to ambient temperatures and warming (+4 °C) during the warm and cold seasons in two outdoor mesocosm experiments. Nine PhACs (carbamazepine, cetirizine, clarithromycin, clindamycin, fexofenadine, telmisartan, trimethoprim, valsartan and venlafaxine) were dissipated faster in the warm season experiment than in the cold season experiment, while lamotrigine showed the opposite trend. The most bioaccumulated PhACs in macroinvertebrates were tramadol, carbamazepine, telmisartan, venlafaxine, citalopram and cetirizine. The bioaccumulation was taxon, season and temperature dependent, but differences could not be fully explained by the different water stability of the PhACs and their partitioning between water and leaf litter. The highest water-based bioaccumulation factors were found in Asellus and Planorbarius. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of some PhACs increased with warming in Planorbarius, suggesting that it could be used as a sentinel taxon in environmental studies of the effects of climate warming on PhAC bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Claire Duchet
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, Branišovská 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - David S Boukal
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, Branišovská 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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