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Sundstrom J, Vanderleeden E, Barton NJ, Redick SD, Dawes P, Murray LF, Olson MN, Tran K, Chigas SM, Orszulak AR, Church GM, Readhead B, Oh HS, Harlan DM, Knipe DM, Wang JP, Chan Y, Lim ET. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of Human Brain Organoids and Pancreatic Stem Cell-Islets Drives Organoid-Specific Transcripts Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:1978. [PMID: 39682726 PMCID: PMC11640215 DOI: 10.3390/cells13231978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections leading to inflammation have been implicated in several common diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of note, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has been reported to be associated with AD. We sought to identify the transcriptomic changes due to HSV-1 infection and anti-viral drug (acyclovir, ACV) treatment of HSV-1 infection in dissociated cells from human cerebral organoids (dcOrgs) versus stem cell-derived pancreatic islets (sc-islets) to gain potential biological insights into the relevance of HSV-1-induced inflammation in AD and T1D. We observed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HSV-1-infected sc-islets were enriched for genes associated with several autoimmune diseases, most significantly, T1D, but also rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and multiple sclerosis, whereas DEGs in HSV-1-infected dcOrgs were exclusively enriched for genes associated with AD. The ACV treatment of sc-islets was not as effective in rescuing transcript perturbations of autoimmune disease-associated genes. Finally, we identified gene ontology categories that were enriched for DEGs that were in common across, or unique to, viral treatment of dcOrgs and sc-islets, such as categories involved in the transferase complex, mitochondrial, and autophagy function. In addition, we compared transcriptomic signatures from HSV-1-infected sc-islets with sc-islets that were infected with the coxsackie B virus (CVB) that had been associated with T1D pathogenesis. Collectively, this study provides tissue-specific insights into the molecular effects of inflammation in AD and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sundstrom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Emma Vanderleeden
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Barton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sambra D. Redick
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Liam F. Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meagan N. Olson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Khanh Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Samantha M. Chigas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Adrian R. Orszulak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - George M. Church
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Hyung Suk Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M. Harlan
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David M. Knipe
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer P. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Elaine T. Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Dewal RS, Yang FT, Baer LA, Vidal P, Hernandez-Saavedra D, Seculov NP, Ghosh A, Noé F, Togliatti O, Hughes L, DeBari MK, West MD, Soroko R, Sternberg H, Malik NN, Puchulu-Campanella E, Wang H, Yan P, Wolfrum C, Abbott RD, Stanford KI. Transplantation of committed pre-adipocytes from brown adipose tissue improves whole-body glucose homeostasis. iScience 2024; 27:108927. [PMID: 38327776 PMCID: PMC10847743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes are increasing at epidemic rates in the U.S. and worldwide. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential therapeutic to combat obesity and type 2 diabetes. Increasing BAT mass by transplantation improves metabolic health in rodents, but its clinical translation remains a challenge. Here, we investigated if transplantation of 2-4 million differentiated brown pre-adipocytes from mouse BAT stromal fraction (SVF) or human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) could improve metabolic health. Transplantation of differentiated brown pre-adipocytes, termed "committed pre-adipocytes" from BAT SVF from mice or derived from hPSCs improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in recipient mice under conditions of diet-induced obesity, and this improvement is mediated through the collaborative actions of the liver transcriptome, tissue AKT signaling, and FGF21. These data demonstrate that transplantation of a small number of brown adipocytes has significant long-term translational and therapeutic potential to improve glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati S. Dewal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Felix T. Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lisa A. Baer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pablo Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Diego Hernandez-Saavedra
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nickolai P. Seculov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Togliatti
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lexis Hughes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael D. West
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Richard Soroko
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Hal Sternberg
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Nafees N. Malik
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Estella Puchulu-Campanella
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huabao Wang
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Gerace D, Zhou Q, Kenty JHR, Veres A, Sintov E, Wang X, Boulanger KR, Li H, Melton DA. Engineering human stem cell-derived islets to evade immune rejection and promote localized immune tolerance. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100879. [PMID: 36599351 PMCID: PMC9873825 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunological protection of transplanted stem cell-derived islet (SC-islet) cells is yet to be achieved without chronic immunosuppression or encapsulation. Existing genetic engineering approaches to produce immune-evasive SC-islet cells have so far shown variable results. Here, we show that targeting human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and PD-L1 alone does not sufficiently protect SC-islet cells from xenograft (xeno)- or allograft (allo)-rejection. As an addition to these approaches, we genetically engineer SC-islet cells to secrete the cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and modified IL-2 such that they promote a tolerogenic local microenvironment by recruiting regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the islet grafts. Cytokine-secreting human SC-β cells resist xeno-rejection and correct diabetes for up to 8 weeks post-transplantation in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Thus, genetically engineering human embryonic SCs (hESCs) to induce a tolerogenic local microenvironment represents a promising approach to provide SC-islet cells as a cell replacement therapy for diabetes without the requirement for encapsulation or immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gerace
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje-Ryu Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrian Veres
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle R Boulanger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sintov E, Nikolskiy I, Barrera V, Hyoje-Ryu Kenty J, Atkin AS, Gerace D, Ho Sui SJ, Boulanger K, Melton DA. Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies genetic manipulations to reduce immune rejection of stem cell-derived islets. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1976-1990. [PMID: 36055241 PMCID: PMC9481918 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide opportunities for cell replacement therapy of insulin-dependent diabetes. Therapeutic quantities of human stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) can be produced by directed differentiation. However, preventing allo-rejection and recurring autoimmunity, without the use of encapsulation or systemic immunosuppressants, remains a challenge. An attractive approach is to transplant SC-islets, genetically modified to reduce the impact of immune rejection. To determine the underlying forces that drive immunogenicity of SC-islets in inflammatory environments, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and whole-genome CRISPR screen of SC-islets under immune interaction with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Data analysis points to “alarmed” populations of SC-islets that upregulate genes in the interferon (IFN) pathway. The CRISPR screen in vivo confirms that targeting IFNγ-induced mediators has beneficial effects on SC-islet survival under immune attack. Manipulating the IFN response by depleting chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in SC-islet grafts confers improved survival against allo-rejection compared with wild-type grafts in humanized mice. These results offer insights into the nature of immune destruction of SC-islets during allogeneic responses and provide targets for gene editing. IFN pathway induction sets the fate of SC-islets under allogeneic immune challenge “Alarm” genes drive immunogenicity of SC-islets Genetically modified SC-islets were generated and evaluated for hypo-immunogenicity CXCL10 depletion can reduce immune activation and SC-islet graft rejection
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Nikolskiy
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje-Ryu Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Atkin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dario Gerace
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Boulanger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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