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Yu P, Li Y, Fang W, Feng XQ, Li B. Mechanochemical dynamics of collective cells and hierarchical topological defects in multicellular lumens. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0172. [PMID: 38691595 PMCID: PMC11062584 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Collective cell dynamics is essential for tissue morphogenesis and various biological functions. However, it remains incompletely understood how mechanical forces and chemical signaling are integrated to direct collective cell behaviors underlying tissue morphogenesis. Here, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) mechanochemical theory accounting for biochemical reaction-diffusion and cellular mechanotransduction to investigate the dynamics of multicellular lumens. We show that the interplay between biochemical signaling and mechanics can trigger either pitchfork or Hopf bifurcation to induce diverse static mechanochemical patterns or generate oscillations with multiple modes both involving marked mechanical deformations in lumens. We uncover the crucial role of mechanochemical feedback in emerging morphodynamics and identify the evolution and morphogenetic functions of hierarchical topological defects including cell-level hexatic defects and tissue-level orientational defects. Our theory captures the common mechanochemical traits of collective dynamics observed in experiments and could provide a mechanistic context for understanding morphological symmetry breaking in 3D lumen-like tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Yu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Calcium sparks enhance the tissue fluidity within epithelial layers and promote apical extrusion of transformed cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111078. [PMID: 35830802 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, newly emerging transformed cells are often apically extruded from epithelial layers through cell competition with surrounding normal epithelial cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, using phospho-SILAC screening, we show that phosphorylation of AHNAK2 is elevated in normal cells neighboring RasV12 cells soon after the induction of RasV12 expression, which is mediated by calcium-dependent protein kinase C. In addition, transient upsurges of intracellular calcium, which we call calcium sparks, frequently occur in normal cells neighboring RasV12 cells, which are mediated by mechanosensitive calcium channel TRPC1 upon membrane stretching. Calcium sparks then enhance cell movements of both normal and RasV12 cells through phosphorylation of AHNAK2 and promote apical extrusion. Moreover, comparable calcium sparks positively regulate apical extrusion of RasV12-transformed cells in zebrafish larvae as well. Hence, calcium sparks play a crucial role in the elimination of transformed cells at the early phase of cell competition.
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3
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Trophectoderm cell failure leads to peri-implantation lethality in Trpm7-deficient mouse embryos. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109851. [PMID: 34686339 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryogenesis depends on proper control of intracellular homeostasis of ions including Ca2+ and Mg2+. Deletion of the Ca2+ and Mg2+ conducting the TRPM7 channel is embryonically lethal in mice but leaves compaction, blastomere polarization, blastocoel formation, and correct specification of the lineages of the trophectoderm and inner cell mass unaltered despite that free cytoplasmic Ca2+ and Mg2+ is reduced at the two-cell stage. Although Trpm7-/- embryos are able to hatch from the zona pellucida, no expansion of Trpm7-/- trophoblast cells can be observed, and Trpm7-/- embryos are not identifiable in utero at E6.5 or later. Given the proliferation and adhesion defect of Trpm7-/- trophoblast stem cells and the ability of Trpm7-/- ESCs to develop to embryos in tetraploid embryo complementation assays, we postulate a critical role of TRPM7 in trophectoderm cells and their failure during implantation as the most likely explanation of the developmental arrest of Trpm7-deficient mouse embryos.
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Yang L, Qiu LM, Fang Q, Stanley DW, Ye GY. Cellular and humoral immune interactions between Drosophila and its parasitoids. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1208-1227. [PMID: 32776656 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The immune interactions occurring between parasitoids and their host insects, especially in Drosophila-wasp models, have long been the research focus of insect immunology and parasitology. Parasitoid infestation in Drosophila is counteracted by its multiple natural immune defense systems, which include cellular and humoral immunity. Occurring in the hemocoel, cellular immune responses involve the proliferation, differentiation, migration and spreading of host hemocytes and parasitoid encapsulation by them. Contrastingly, humoral immune responses rely more heavily on melanization and on the Toll, Imd and Jak/Stat immune pathways associated with antimicrobial peptides along with stress factors. On the wasps' side, successful development is achieved by introducing various virulence factors to counteract immune responses of Drosophila. Some or all of these factors manipulate the host's immunity for successful parasitism. Here we review current knowledge of the cellular and humoral immune interactions between Drosophila and its parasitoids, focusing on the defense mechanisms used by Drosophila and the strategies evolved by parasitic wasps to outwit it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ming Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David W Stanley
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gong-Yin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Roy Choudhury A, Großhans J, Kong D. Ion Channels in Epithelial Dynamics and Morphogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092280. [PMID: 34571929 PMCID: PMC8465836 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels mediate the neuronal sensation of mechanical signals such as sound, touch, and pain. Recent studies point to a function of these channel proteins in cell types and tissues in addition to the nervous system, such as epithelia, where they have been little studied, and their role has remained elusive. Dynamic epithelia are intrinsically exposed to mechanical forces. A response to pull and push is assumed to constitute an essential part of morphogenetic movements of epithelial tissues, for example. Mechano-gated channels may participate in sensing and responding to such forces. In this review, focusing on Drosophila, we highlight recent results that will guide further investigations concerned with the mechanistic role of these ion channels in epithelial cells.
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Djenoune L, Tomar R, Dorison A, Ghobrial I, Schenk H, Hegermann J, Beverly-Staggs L, Hidalgo-Gonzalez A, Little MH, Drummond IA. Autonomous Calcium Signaling in Human and Zebrafish Podocytes Controls Kidney Filtration Barrier Morphogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1697-1712. [PMID: 33911000 PMCID: PMC8425667 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes are critical to maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier, and mutations in nephrotic syndrome genes are known to affect podocyte calcium signaling. However, the role of calcium signaling during podocyte development remains unknown. METHODS We undertook live imaging of calcium signaling in developing podocytes, using zebrafish larvae and human kidney organoids. To evaluate calcium signaling during development and in response to channel blockers and genetic defects, the calcium biosensor GCaMP6s was expressed in zebrafish podocytes. We used electron microscopy to evaluate filtration barrier formation in zebrafish, and Fluo-4 to detect calcium signals in differentiating podocytes in human kidney organoids. RESULTS Immature zebrafish podocytes (2.5 days postfertilization) generated calcium transients that correlated with interactions with forming glomerular capillaries. Calcium transients persisted until 4 days postfertilization, and were absent after glomerular barrier formation was complete. We detected similar calcium transients in maturing human organoid glomeruli, suggesting a conserved mechanism. In both models, inhibitors of SERCA or IP3 receptor calcium-release channels blocked calcium transients in podocytes, whereas lanthanum was ineffective, indicating the calcium source is from intracellular podocyte endoplasmic-reticulum stores. Calcium transients were not affected by blocking heartbeat or by blocking development of endothelium or endoderm, and they persisted in isolated glomeruli, suggesting podocyte-autonomous calcium release. Inhibition of expression of phospholipase C-γ1, but not nephrin or phospholipase C-ε1, led to significantly decreased calcium activity. Finally, blocking calcium release affected glomerular shape and podocyte foot process formation, supporting the critical role of calcium signaling in glomerular morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish podocyte cell-autonomous calcium signaling as a prominent and evolutionarily conserved feature of podocyte differentiation and demonstrate its requirement for podocyte foot process formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Djenoune
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Ritu Tomar
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Aude Dorison
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Ghobrial
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heiko Schenk
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lynne Beverly-Staggs
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | | | - Melissa H. Little
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
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7
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Brodskiy PA, Wu Q, Soundarrajan DK, Huizar FJ, Chen J, Liang P, Narciso C, Levis MK, Arredondo-Walsh N, Chen DZ, Zartman JJ. Decoding Calcium Signaling Dynamics during Drosophila Wing Disc Development. Biophys J 2019; 116:725-740. [PMID: 30704858 PMCID: PMC6382932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The robust specification of organ development depends on coordinated cell-cell communication. This process requires signal integration among multiple pathways, relying on second messengers such as calcium ions. Calcium signaling encodes a significant portion of the cellular state by regulating transcription factors, enzymes, and cytoskeletal proteins. However, the relationships between the inputs specifying cell and organ development, calcium signaling dynamics, and final organ morphology are poorly understood. Here, we have designed a quantitative image-analysis pipeline for decoding organ-level calcium signaling. With this pipeline, we extracted spatiotemporal features of calcium signaling dynamics during the development of the Drosophila larval wing disc, a genetic model for organogenesis. We identified specific classes of wing phenotypes that resulted from calcium signaling pathway perturbations, including defects in gross morphology, vein differentiation, and overall size. We found four qualitative classes of calcium signaling activity. These classes can be ordered based on agonist stimulation strength Gαq-mediated signaling. In vivo calcium signaling dynamics depend on both receptor tyrosine kinase/phospholipase C γ and G protein-coupled receptor/phospholipase C β activities. We found that spatially patterned calcium dynamics correlate with known differential growth rates between anterior and posterior compartments. Integrated calcium signaling activity decreases with increasing tissue size, and it responds to morphogenetic perturbations that impact organ growth. Together, these findings define how calcium signaling dynamics integrate upstream inputs to mediate multiple response outputs in developing epithelial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Brodskiy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Qinfeng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Dharsan K Soundarrajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Francisco J Huizar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Peixian Liang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Cody Narciso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Megan K Levis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | | | - Danny Z Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Jeremiah J Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
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8
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Hsieh HY, Gu SH. Expression of calcineurin in relation to the embryonic diapause process in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 228:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Calcium oscillations coordinate feather mesenchymal cell movement by SHH dependent modulation of gap junction networks. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5377. [PMID: 30560870 PMCID: PMC6299091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration mediates multiple tissue morphogenesis processes. Yet how multi-dimensional mesenchymal cell movements are coordinated remains mostly unknown. Here we report that coordinated mesenchymal cell migration during chicken feather elongation is accompanied by dynamic changes of bioelectric currents. Transcriptome profiling and functional assays implicate contributions from functional voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), Connexin-43 based gap junctions, and Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. 4-Dimensional Ca2+ imaging reveals that the Sonic hedgehog-responsive mesenchymal cells display synchronized Ca2+ oscillations, which expand progressively in area during feather elongation. Inhibiting VGCCs, gap junctions, or Sonic hedgehog signaling alters the mesenchymal Ca2+ landscape, cell movement patterns and feather bud elongation. Ca2+ oscillations induced by cyclic activation of opto-cCRAC channels enhance feather bud elongation. Functional disruption experiments and promoter analysis implicate synergistic Hedgehog and WNT/β-Catenin signaling in activating Connexin-43 expression, establishing gap junction networks synchronizing the Ca2+ profile among cells, thereby coordinating cell movement patterns. The molecular mechanisms regulating mesenchymal cell movements are unclear. Here, the authors show in chicken feather elongation that SHH/WNT signalling establishes gap-junctions, enabling synchronized Ca2 + oscillations to emerge for and in turn coordinating directed cell migration.
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10
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Okuda S, Takata N, Hasegawa Y, Kawada M, Inoue Y, Adachi T, Sasai Y, Eiraku M. Strain-triggered mechanical feedback in self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau1354. [PMID: 30474058 PMCID: PMC6248953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis is a self-organizing process of multiple cells in three-dimensional (3D) space, where macroscopic tissue deformations are robustly regulated by multicellular autonomy. It is clear that this robust regulation requires cells to sense and modulate 3D tissue formation across different scales, but its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To address this question, we developed a versatile computational model of 3D multicellular dynamics at single-cell resolution and combined it with the 3D culture system of pluripotent stem cell-derived optic-cup organoid. The complementary approach enabled quantitative prediction of morphogenesis and its corresponding verification and elucidated that the macroscopic 3D tissue deformation is fed back to individual cellular force generations via mechanosensing. We hereby conclude that mechanical force plays a key role as a feedback regulator to establish the robustness of organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Okuda
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - N. Takata
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Y. Hasegawa
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - M. Kawada
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Y. Inoue
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - T. Adachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Y. Sasai
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - M. Eiraku
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Paupe V, Prudent J. New insights into the role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:75-86. [PMID: 28495532 PMCID: PMC5930976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles involved in numerous physiological functions. Beyond their function in ATP production, mitochondria regulate cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, immunity and metabolism. Mitochondria also play a key role in the buffering of cytosolic calcium, and calcium transported into the matrix regulates mitochondrial metabolism. Recently, the identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and associated regulators has allowed the characterization of new physiological roles for calcium in both mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Indeed, recent work has highlighted the importance of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in regulating cell migration. Cell migration is a property common to all metazoans and is critical to embryogenesis, cancer progression, wound-healing and immune surveillance. Previous work has established that cytoplasmic calcium is a key regulator of cell migration, as oscillations in cytosolic calcium activate cytoskeletal remodelling, actin contraction and focal adhesion (FA) turnover necessary for cell movement. Recent work using animal models and in cellulo experiments to genetically modulate MCU and partners have shed new light on the role of mitochondrial calcium dynamics in cytoskeletal remodelling through the modulation of ATP and ROS production, as well as intracellular calcium signalling. This review focuses on MCU and its regulators in cell migration during physiological and pathophysiological processes including development and cancer. We also present hypotheses to explain the molecular mechanisms by which MCU may regulate mitochondrial dynamics and motility to drive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paupe
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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12
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Abstract
Decoding how tissue properties emerge across multiple spatial and temporal scales from the integration of local signals is a grand challenge in quantitative biology. For example, the collective behavior of epithelial cells is critical for shaping developing embryos. Understanding how epithelial cells interpret a diverse range of local signals to coordinate tissue-level processes requires a systems-level understanding of development. Integration of multiple signaling pathways that specify cell signaling information requires second messengers such as calcium ions. Increasingly, specific roles have been uncovered for calcium signaling throughout development. Calcium signaling regulates many processes including division, migration, death, and differentiation. However, the pleiotropic and ubiquitous nature of calcium signaling implies that many additional functions remain to be discovered. Here we review a selection of recent studies to highlight important insights into how multiple signals are transduced by calcium transients in developing epithelial tissues. Quantitative imaging and computational modeling have provided important insights into how calcium signaling integration occurs. Reverse-engineering the conserved features of signal integration mediated by calcium signaling will enable novel approaches in regenerative medicine and synthetic control of morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Brodskiy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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13
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Hayashi K, Yamamoto TS, Ueno N. Intracellular calcium signal at the leading edge regulates mesodermal sheet migration during Xenopus gastrulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2433. [PMID: 29402947 PMCID: PMC5799360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the gastrulation stage in animal embryogenesis, the cells leading the axial mesoderm migrate toward the anterior side of the embryo, vigorously extending cell protrusions such as lamellipodia. It is thought that the leading cells sense gradients of chemoattractants emanating from the ectodermal cells and translate them to initiate and maintain the cell movements necessary for gastrulation. However, it is unclear how the extracellular information is converted to the intracellular chemical reactions that lead to motion. Here we demonstrated that intracellular Ca2+ levels in the protrusion-forming leading cells are markedly higher than those of the following cells and the axial mesoderm cells. We also showed that inhibiting the intracellular Ca2+ significantly retarded the gastrulation cell movements, while increasing the intracellular Ca2+ with an ionophore enhanced the migration. We further found that the ionophore treatment increased the active form of the small GTPase Rac1 in these cells. Our results suggest that transient intracellular Ca2+ signals play an essential role in the active cell migration during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takamasa S Yamamoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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14
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Akahoshi T, Hotta K, Oka K. Characterization of calcium transients during early embryogenesis in ascidians Ciona robusta (Ciona intestinalis type A) and Ciona savignyi. Dev Biol 2017; 431:205-214. [PMID: 28935526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+) is an important second messenger, and a rapid increase in Ca2+ level (Ca2+ transient) is involved in various aspects of embryogenesis. Although Ca2+ transients play an important role in early developmental stages, little is known about their dynamics throughout embryogenesis. Here, Ca2+ transients were characterized by visualizing Ca2+ dynamics in developing chordate embryos using a fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP6s in combination with finely tuned microscopy. Ca2+ transients were detected in precursors of muscle cells in the late gastrula stage. In the neurula stage, repetitive Ca2+ transients were observed in left and right neurogenic cells, including visceral ganglion (VG) precursors, and the duration of Ca2+ transients was 39±4s. In the early tailbud stage, Ca2+ transients were observed in differentiating precursors of nerve cord neurons. A small population of VG precursors showed rhythmical Ca2+ transients with a duration of 22±4s, suggesting a central pattern generator (CPG) origin. At the mid tailbud stage, Ca2+transients were observed in a wide area of epidermal cells and named CTECs. The number and frequency of CTECs increased drastically in late tailbud stages, and the timing of the increase coincided with that of the relaxation of the tail bending. The experiment using Ca2+ chelator showed that the CTECs were largely depending on the extracellular Ca2+. The waveform analysis of Ca2+ transients revealed different features according to duration and frequency. The comprehensive characterization of Ca2+ transients during early ascidian embryogenesis will help our understanding of the role of Ca2+ signaling in chordate embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Akahoshi
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kohji Hotta
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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15
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Jiang LH, Mousawi F, Yang X, Roger S. ATP-induced Ca 2+-signalling mechanisms in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3697-3710. [PMID: 28534085 PMCID: PMC5597679 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to migrate to the destined tissues or lesions is crucial for physiological processes from tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis and immune responses, and also for stem cell-based regenerative medicines. Cytosolic Ca2+ is a primary second messenger in the control and regulation of a wide range of cell functions including cell migration. Extracellular ATP, together with the cognate receptors on the cell surface, ligand-gated ion channel P2X receptors and a subset of G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors, represents common autocrine and/or paracrine Ca2+ signalling mechanisms. The P2X receptor ion channels mediate extracellular Ca2+ influx, whereas stimulation of the P2Y receptors triggers intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and activation of both type of receptors thus can elevate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), albeit with different kinetics and capacity. Reduction in the ER Ca2+ level following the P2Y receptor activation can further induce store-operated Ca2+ entry as a distinct Ca2+ influx pathway that contributes in ATP-induced increase in the [Ca2+]c. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a group of multipotent stem cells that grow from adult tissues and hold promising applications in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies treating a great and diverse number of diseases. There is increasing evidence to show constitutive or evoked ATP release from stem cells themselves or mature cells in the close vicinity. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms for ATP release and clearance, the receptors and ion channels participating in ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling and the roles of such signalling mechanisms in mediating ATP-induced regulation of MSC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37032, Tours, France.
| | - Fatema Mousawi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xuebin Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, WTBB, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS97TF, UK
| | - Sėbastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
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16
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Calcium spikes, waves and oscillations in a large, patterned epithelial tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42786. [PMID: 28218282 PMCID: PMC5317010 DOI: 10.1038/srep42786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While calcium signaling in excitable cells, such as muscle or neurons, is extensively characterized, calcium signaling in epithelial tissues is little understood. Specifically, the range of intercellular calcium signaling patterns elicited by tightly coupled epithelial cells and their function in the regulation of epithelial characteristics are little explored. We found that in Drosophila imaginal discs, a widely studied epithelial model organ, complex spatiotemporal calcium dynamics occur. We describe patterns that include intercellular waves traversing large tissue domains in striking oscillatory patterns as well as spikes confined to local domains of neighboring cells. The spatiotemporal characteristics of intercellular waves and oscillations arise as emergent properties of calcium mobilization within a sheet of gap-junction coupled cells and are influenced by cell size and environmental history. While the in vivo function of spikes, waves and oscillations requires further characterization, our genetic experiments suggest that core calcium signaling components guide actomyosin organization. Our study thus suggests a possible role for calcium signaling in epithelia but importantly, introduces a model epithelium enabling the dissection of cellular mechanisms supporting the initiation, transmission and regeneration of long-range intercellular calcium waves and the emergence of oscillations in a highly coupled multicellular sheet.
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17
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Suzuki M, Sato M, Koyama H, Hara Y, Hayashi K, Yasue N, Imamura H, Fujimori T, Nagai T, Campbell RE, Ueno N. Distinct intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics regulate apical constriction and differentially contribute to neural tube closure. Development 2017; 144:1307-1316. [PMID: 28219946 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Early in the development of the central nervous system, progenitor cells undergo a shape change, called apical constriction, that triggers the neural plate to form a tubular structure. How apical constriction in the neural plate is controlled and how it contributes to tissue morphogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, we show that intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) are required for Xenopus neural tube formation and that there are two types of Ca2+-concentration changes, a single-cell and a multicellular wave-like fluctuation, in the developing neural plate. Quantitative imaging analyses revealed that transient increases in Ca2+ concentration induced cortical F-actin remodeling, apical constriction and accelerations of the closing movement of the neural plate. We also show that extracellular ATP and N-cadherin (cdh2) participate in the Ca2+-induced apical constriction. Furthermore, our mathematical model suggests that the effect of Ca2+ fluctuations on tissue morphogenesis is independent of fluctuation frequency and that fluctuations affecting individual cells are more efficient than those at the multicellular level. We propose that distinct Ca2+ signaling patterns differentially modulate apical constriction for efficient epithelial folding and that this mechanism has a broad range of physiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Suzuki
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan .,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan
| | - Masanao Sato
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan.,Division of Developmental Genetics, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Biodesign Research, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan.,Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hara
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan
| | - Naoko Yasue
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Department of Functional Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan.,Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan .,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan
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18
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Grinstead KM, Rowe L, Ensor CM, Joel S, Daftarian P, Dikici E, Zingg JM, Daunert S. Red-Shifted Aequorin Variants Incorporating Non-Canonical Amino Acids: Applications in In Vivo Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158579. [PMID: 27367859 PMCID: PMC4930207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased importance of in vivo diagnostics has posed new demands for imaging technologies. In that regard, there is a need for imaging molecules capable of expanding the applications of current state-of-the-art imaging in vivo diagnostics. To that end, there is a desire for new reporter molecules capable of providing strong signals, are non-toxic, and can be tailored to diagnose or monitor the progression of a number of diseases. Aequorin is a non-toxic photoprotein that can be used as a sensitive marker for bioluminescence in vivo imaging. The sensitivity of aequorin is due to the fact that bioluminescence is a rare phenomenon in nature and, therefore, it does not suffer from autofluorescence, which contributes to background emission. Emission of bioluminescence in the blue-region of the spectrum by aequorin only occurs when calcium, and its luciferin coelenterazine, are bound to the protein and trigger a biochemical reaction that results in light generation. It is this reaction that endows aequorin with unique characteristics, making it ideally suited for a number of applications in bioanalysis and imaging. Herein we report the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical or non-natural amino acids and several coelenterazine analogues, resulting in a catalog of 72 cysteine-free, aequorin variants which expand the potential applications of these photoproteins by providing several red-shifted mutants better suited to use in vivo. In vivo studies in mouse models using the transparent tissue of the eye confirmed the activity of the aequorin variants incorporating L-4-iodophehylalanine and L-4-methoxyphenylalanine after injection into the eye and topical addition of coelenterazine. The signal also remained localized within the eye. This is the first time that aequorin variants incorporating non-canonical amino acids have shown to be active in vivo and useful as reporters in bioluminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Grinstead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Laura Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, 1610 Campus Drive East, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, 46385, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Ensor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States of America
| | - Smita Joel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Pirouz Daftarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, R. Bunn Gautier Bldg., 1011 NW 15th Street, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
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19
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Lemire S, Jeromin A, Boisselier É. Membrane binding of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS1). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 139:138-47. [PMID: 26705828 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS1) belongs to the family of Neuronal Calcium Sensor (NCS) proteins. NCS1 is composed of four EF-hand motifs and an N-terminal myristoylation. However, the presence of a calcium-myristoyl switch in NCS1 and its role in the membrane binding are controversial. The model of Langmuir lipid monolayers is thus used to mimic the cell membrane in order to characterize the membrane interactions of NCS1. Two binding parameters are calculated from monolayer measurements: the maximum insertion pressure, up to which protein binding is energetically favorable, and the synergy, reporting attractive or repulsive interactions with the lipid monolayers. Binding membrane measurements performed in the presence of myristoylated NCS1 reveal better binding interactions for phospholipids composed of phosphoethanolamine polar head groups and unsaturated fatty acyl chains. In the absence of calcium, the membrane binding measurements are drastically modified and suggest that the protein is more strongly bound to the membrane. Indeed, the binding of calcium by three EF-hand motifs of NCS1 leads to a conformation change. NCS1 arrangement at the membrane could thus be reshuffled for better interactions with its substrates. The N-terminal peptide of NCS1 is composed of two amphiphilic helices involved in the membrane interactions of NCS1. Moreover, the presence of the myristoyl group has a weak influence on the membrane binding of NCS1 suggesting the absence of a calcium-myristoyl switch mechanism in this protein. The myristoylation could thus have a structural role required in the folding/unfolding of NCS1 which is essential to its multiple biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lemire
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Élodie Boisselier
- CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Narciso C, Wu Q, Brodskiy P, Garston G, Baker R, Fletcher A, Zartman J. Patterning of wound-induced intercellular Ca(2+) flashes in a developing epithelium. Phys Biol 2015; 12:056005. [PMID: 26331891 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/12/5/056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Differential mechanical force distributions are increasingly recognized to provide important feedback into the control of an organ's final size and shape. As a second messenger that integrates and relays mechanical information to the cell, calcium ions (Ca(2+)) are a prime candidate for providing important information on both the overall mechanical state of the tissue and resulting behavior at the individual-cell level during development. Still, how the spatiotemporal properties of Ca(2+) transients reflect the underlying mechanical characteristics of tissues is still poorly understood. Here we use an established model system of an epithelial tissue, the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, to investigate how tissue properties impact the propagation of Ca(2+) transients induced by laser ablation. The resulting intercellular Ca(2+) flash is found to be mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and depends on gap junction communication. Further, we find that intercellular Ca(2+) transients show spatially non-uniform characteristics across the proximal-distal axis of the larval wing imaginal disc, which exhibit a gradient in cell size and anisotropy. A computational model of Ca(2+) transients is employed to identify the principle factors explaining the spatiotemporal patterning dynamics of intercellular Ca(2+) flashes. The relative Ca(2+) flash anisotropy is principally explained by local cell shape anisotropy. Further, Ca(2+) velocities are relatively uniform throughout the wing disc, irrespective of cell size or anisotropy. This can be explained by the opposing effects of cell diameter and cell elongation on intercellular Ca(2+) propagation. Thus, intercellular Ca(2+) transients follow lines of mechanical tension at velocities that are largely independent of tissue heterogeneity and reflect the mechanical state of the underlying tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Narciso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 182 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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21
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Markova O, Sénatore S, Chardès C, Lenne PF. Calcium Spikes in Epithelium: study on Drosophila early embryos. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11379. [PMID: 26198871 PMCID: PMC4510484 DOI: 10.1038/srep11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion acts in nearly every aspect of cellular life. The versatility and specificity required for such a ubiquitous role is ensured by the spatio-temporal dynamics of calcium concentration variations. While calcium signal dynamics has been extensively studied in cell cultures and adult tissues, little is known about calcium activity during early tissue morphogenesis. We monitored intracellular calcium concentration in Drosophila gastrula and revealed single cell calcium spikes that were short-lived, rare and showed strong variability among embryos. We quantitatively described the spatio-temporal dynamics of these spikes and analyzed their potential origins and nature by introducing physical and chemical perturbations. Our data highlight the inter- and intra-tissue variability of calcium activity during tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Markova
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288, Marseille, France
| | | | - Claire Chardès
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288, Marseille, France
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22
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Oliveira-Pinto J, Paes-Branco D, Cristina-Rodrigues F, Krahe TE, Manhães AC, Abreu-Villaça Y, Filgueiras CC. GABAA overactivation potentiates the effects of NMDA blockade during the brain growth spurt in eliciting locomotor hyperactivity in juvenile mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 50:43-52. [PMID: 26056730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Both NMDA receptor blockade and GABAA receptor overactivation during the brain growth spurt may contribute to the hyperactivity phenotype reminiscent of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Here, we evaluated the effects of exposure to MK801 (a NMDA antagonist) and/or to muscimol (a GABAA agonist) during the brain growth spurt on locomotor activity of juvenile Swiss mice. This study was carried out in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, pups received a single i.p. injection of either saline solution (SAL), MK801 (MK, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg) or muscimol (MU, 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg) at the second postnatal day (PND2), and PNDs 4, 6 and 8. In the second experiment, we investigated the effects of a combined injection of MK (0.1 mg/kg) and MU (doses: 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg) following the same injection schedule of the first experiment. In both experiments, locomotor activity was assessed for 15 min at PND25. While MK promoted a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity, exposure to MU failed to elicit significant effects. The combined exposure to the highest dose of MU and the lowest dose of MK induced marked hyperactivity. Moreover, the combination of the low dose of MK and the high dose of MU resulted in a reduced activity in the center of the open field, suggesting an increased anxiety-like behavior. These findings suggest that, during the brain growth spurt, the blockade of NMDA receptors induces juvenile locomotor hyperactivity whereas hyperactivation of GABAA receptors does not. However, GABAA overactivation during this period potentiates the effects of NMDA blockade in inducing locomotor hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Danielle Paes-Branco
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cristina-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Thomas E Krahe
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Alex C Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
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23
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Okuda S, Inoue Y, Watanabe T, Adachi T. Coupling intercellular molecular signalling with multicellular deformation for simulating three-dimensional tissue morphogenesis. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20140095. [PMID: 25844156 PMCID: PMC4342952 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During morphogenesis, three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures emerge from biochemical and mechanical interplays among cells. In particular, by organizing their gradient within tissues, the diffusible signalling molecules play an essential role in producing the spatio-temporal patterns of cell status such as the differentiation states. Notably, this biochemical patterning can be dynamically coupled with multicellular deformations by signal-dependent cell activities such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which these cellular activities mediate the interactions between multicellular deformations and patterning is still unknown. Herein, we propose a novel framework of a 3D vertex model to express molecular signalling among the mechanically deforming cells. By specifying a density of signalling molecules for each cell, we express their transport between neighbouring cells. By simulating signal-dependent epithelial growth, we found various types of tissue morphogenesis such as arrest, expansion, invagination and evagination. In the expansion phase, growth molecules were widely diffused with increasing tissue volume, which diluted the growth molecules in order to support the autonomous suppression of tissue growth. These results indicate that the proposed model successfully expresses 3D multicellular deformations dynamically coupled with biochemical patterning. We expect our proposed model to be a useful tool for predicting new phenomena emerging from mechanochemical coupling in multicellular morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Okuda
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, 2–2–3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650–0047, Japan
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watanabe
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan
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24
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Ventre S, Indrieri A, Fracassi C, Franco B, Conte I, Cardone L, di Bernardo D. Metabolic regulation of the ultradian oscillator Hes1 by reactive oxygen species. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1887-902. [PMID: 25796437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultradian oscillators are cyclically expressed genes with a period of less than 24h, found in the major signalling pathways. The Notch effector hairy and enhancer of split Hes genes are ultradian oscillators. The physiological signals that synchronise and entrain Hes oscillators remain poorly understood. We investigated whether cellular metabolism modulates Hes1 cyclic expression. We demonstrated that, in mouse myoblasts (C2C12), Hes1 oscillation depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by the mitochondria electron transport chain and by NADPH oxidases NOXs. In vitro, the regulation of Hes1 by ROS occurs via the calcium-mediated signalling. The modulation of Hes1 by ROS was relevant in vivo, since perturbing ROS homeostasis was sufficient to alter Medaka (Oryzias latipes) somitogenesis, a process that is dependent on Hes1 ultradian oscillation during embryo development. Moreover, in a Medaka model for human microphthalmia with linear skin lesions syndrome, in which mitochondrial ROS homeostasis was impaired, we documented important somitogenesis defects and the deregulation of Hes homologues genes involved in somitogenesis. Notably, both molecular and developmental defects were rescued by antioxidant treatments. Our studies provide the first evidence of a coupling between cellular redox metabolism and an ultradian biological oscillator with important pathophysiological implication for somitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ventre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Fracassi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Cardone
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy; Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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25
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Abstract
Important for energy metabolism, neurotransmission, bone stability, and other cellular functions, Mg(2+) has well-established and undisputedly critical roles in adult tissues. Its contributions to early embryonic development are less clearly understood. For decades it has been known that gestational Mg(2+) deficiency in rodents produces teratogenic effects. More recent studies have linked deficiency in this vital cation to birth defects in humans, including spina bifida, a neural fold closure defect in humans that occurs at an average rate of 1 per 1000 pregnancies. The first suggestion that Mg(2+) may be playing a more specific role in early development arose from studies of the TRPM7 and TRPM6 ion channels. TRPM7 and TRPM6 are divalent-selective ion channels in possession of their own kinase domains that have been implicated in the control of Mg(2+) homeostasis in vertebrates. Disruption of the functions of these ion channels in mice as well as in frogs interferes with gastrulation, a pivotal process during early embryonic development that executes the emergence of the body plan and closure of the neural tube. Surprisingly, gastrulation defects produced by depletion of TRPM7 can be prevented by Mg(2+) supplementation, indicating an essential role for Mg(2+) in gastrulation and neural fold closure. The aim of this review is to summarize the data emerging from molecular genetic, biochemical and electrophysiological studies of TRPM6 and TRPM7 and provide a model of how Mg(2+), through these unique channel-kinases, may be impacting early embryonic development.
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Webb SE, Miller AL. Calcium signaling in extraembryonic domains during early teleost development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 304:369-418. [PMID: 23809440 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming recognized that the extraembryonic domains of developing vertebrates, that is, those that make no cellular contribution to the embryo proper, act as important signaling centers that induce and pattern the germ layers and help establish the key embryonic axes. In the embryos of teleost fish, in particular, significant progress has been made in understanding how signaling activity in extraembryonic domains, such as the enveloping layer, the yolk syncytial layer, and the yolk cell, might help regulate development via a combination of inductive interactions, cellular dynamics, and localized gene expression. Ca(2+) signaling in a variety of forms that include propagating waves and standing gradients is a feature found in all three teleostean extraembryonic domains. This leads us to propose that in addition to their other well-characterized signaling activities, extraembryonic domains are well suited (due to their relative stability and continuity) to act as Ca(2+) signaling centers and conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Prudent J, Popgeorgiev N, Bonneau B, Thibaut J, Gadet R, Lopez J, Gonzalo P, Rimokh R, Manon S, Houart C, Herbomel P, Aouacheria A, Gillet G. Bcl-wav and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter drive gastrula morphogenesis in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2330. [PMID: 23942336 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 proteins are acknowledged as key regulators of programmed cell death. However, increasing data suggest additional roles, including regulation of the cell cycle, metabolism and cytoskeletal dynamics. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a new Bcl-2-related multidomain apoptosis accelerator, Bcl-wav, found in fish and frogs. Genetic and molecular studies in zebrafish indicate that Bcl-wav and the recently identified mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) contribute to the formation of the notochord axis by controlling blastomere convergence and extension movements during gastrulation. Furthermore, we found that Bcl-wav controls intracellular Ca(2+) trafficking by acting on the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, and possibly on MCU, with direct consequences on actin microfilament dynamics and blastomere migration guidance. Thus, from an evolutionary point of view, the original function of Bcl-2 proteins might have been to contribute in controlling the global positioning system of blastomeres during gastrulation, a critical step in metazoan development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Prudent
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMS 3453 CNRS, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
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28
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Chan CJ, Whyte G, Boyde L, Salbreux G, Guck J. Impact of heating on passive and active biomechanics of suspended cells. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20130069. [PMID: 24748957 PMCID: PMC3982451 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell is a complex material whose mechanical properties are essential for its normal functions. Heating can have a dramatic effect on these mechanical properties, similar to its impact on the dynamics of artificial polymer networks. We investigated such mechanical changes by the use of a microfluidic optical stretcher, which allowed us to probe cell mechanics when the cells were subjected to different heating conditions at different time scales. We find that HL60/S4 myeloid precursor cells become mechanically more compliant and fluid-like when subjected to either a sudden laser-induced temperature increase or prolonged exposure to higher ambient temperature. Above a critical temperature of 52 ± 1°C, we observed active cell contraction, which was strongly correlated with calcium influx through temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channels, followed by a subsequent expansion in cell volume. The change from passive to active cellular response can be effectively described by a mechanical model incorporating both active stress and viscoelastic components. Our work highlights the role of TRPV2 in regulating the thermomechanical response of cells. It also offers insights into how cortical tension and osmotic pressure govern cell mechanics and regulate cell-shape changes in response to heat and mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Chan
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G. Whyte
- Department of Physics and Institute of Medical Biotechnology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Boyde
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Salbreux
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Bonneau B, Nougarède A, Prudent J, Popgeorgiev N, Peyriéras N, Rimokh R, Gillet G. The Bcl-2 homolog Nrz inhibits binding of IP3 to its receptor to control calcium signaling during zebrafish epiboly. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra14. [PMID: 24518293 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2 protein family regulate mitochondrial membrane permeability and also localize to the endoplasmic reticulum where they control Ca(2+) homeostasis by interacting with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs). In zebrafish, Bcl-2-like 10 (Nrz) is required for Ca(2+) signaling during epiboly and gastrulation. We characterized the mechanism by which Nrz controls IP3-mediated Ca(2+) release during this process. We showed that Nrz was phosphorylated during early epiboly, and that in embryos in which Nrz was knocked down, reconstitution with Nrz bearing mutations designed to prevent its phosphorylation disrupted cyclic Ca(2+) transients and the assembly of the actin-myosin ring and led to epiboly arrest. In cultured cells, wild-type Nrz, but not Nrz with phosphomimetic mutations, interacted with the IP3 binding domain of IP3R1, inhibited binding of IP3 to IP3R1, and prevented histamine-induced increases in cytosolic Ca(2+). Collectively, these data suggest that Nrz phosphorylation is necessary for the generation of IP3-mediated Ca(2+) transients and the formation of circumferential actin-myosin cables required for epiboly. Thus, in addition to their role in apoptosis, by tightly regulating Ca(2+) signaling, Bcl-2 family members participate in the cellular events associated with early vertebrate development, including cytoskeletal dynamics and cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonneau
- 1Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
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Characterization of Ca(2+) signaling in the external yolk syncytial layer during the late blastula and early gastrula periods of zebrafish development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:1641-56. [PMID: 23142640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preferential loading of the complementary bioluminescent (f-aequorin) and fluorescent (Calcium Green-1 dextran) Ca(2+) reporters into the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) of zebrafish embryos, revealed the generation of stochastic patterns of fast, short-range, and slow, long-range Ca(2+) waves that propagate exclusively through the external YSL (E-YSL). Starting abruptly just after doming (~4.5h post-fertilization: hpf), and ending at the shield stage (~6.0hpf) these distinct classes of waves propagated at mean velocities of ~50 and ~4μm/s, respectively. Although the number and pattern of these waves varied between embryos, their initiation site and arcs of propagation displayed a distinct dorsal bias, suggesting an association with the formation and maintenance of the nascent dorsal-ventral axis. Wave initiation coincided with a characteristic clustering of YSL nuclei (YSN), and their associated perinuclear ER, in the E-YSL. Furthermore, the inter-YSN distance (IND) appeared to be critical such that Ca(2+) wave propagation occurred only when this was <~8μm; an IND >~8μm was coincidental with wave termination at shield stage. Treatment with the IP3R antagonist, 2-APB, the Ca(2+) buffer, 5,5'-dibromo BAPTA, and the SERCA-pump inhibitor, thapsigargin, resulted in a significant disruption of the E-YSL Ca(2+) waves, whereas exposure to the RyR antagonists, ryanodine and dantrolene, had no significant effect. These findings led us to propose that the E-YSL Ca(2+) waves are generated mainly via Ca(2+) release from IP3Rs located in the perinuclear ER, and that the clustering of the YSN is an essential step in providing a CICR pathway required for wave propagation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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