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Imani IM, Kim HS, Shin J, Lee DG, Park J, Vaidya A, Kim C, Baik JM, Zhang YS, Kang H, Hur S, Song HC. Advanced Ultrasound Energy Transfer Technologies using Metamaterial Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401494. [PMID: 38889336 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Wireless energy transfer (WET) based on ultrasound-driven generators with enormous beneficial functions, is technologically in progress by the valuation of ultrasonic metamaterials (UMMs) in science and engineering domains. Indeed, novel metamaterial structures can develop the efficiency of mechanical and physical features of ultrasound energy receivers (US-ETs), including ultrasound-driven piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (US-PENGs and US-TENGs) for advantageous applications. This review article first summarizes the fundamentals, classification, and design engineering of UMMs after introducing ultrasound energy for WET technology. In addition to addressing using UMMs, the topical progress of innovative UMMs in US-ETs is conceptually presented. Moreover, the advanced approaches of metamaterials are reported in the categorized applications of US-PENGs and US-TENGs. Finally, some current perspectives and encounters of UMMs in US-ETs are offered. With this objective in mind, this review explores the potential revolution of reliable integrated energy transfer systems through the transformation of metamaterials into ultrasound-driven active mediums for generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Imani
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonchul Shin
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Lee
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Anish Vaidya
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chowon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hur
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheol Song
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Wu H, Jin Y, Li Y, Zheng H, Lai X, Ma J, Ohl CD, Yu H, Li D. Exploring viscosity influence mechanisms on coating removal: Insights from single cavitation bubble behaviours in low-frequency ultrasonic settings. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106810. [PMID: 38377804 PMCID: PMC10884963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The role of acoustic cavitation in various surface cleaning disciplines is important. However, the physical mechanisms underlying acoustic cavitation-induced surface cleansing are poorly understood. This is due to the combination of microscopic and ultrashort timescales associated with the dynamics of acoustic cavitation bubbles. Here, we have precisely controlled single-bubble cavitation in both space and time. Ultrasonic excitation leads to the cavitation of generated single bubbles. A synchronous ultrafast photomicrographic system simultaneously records the dynamics of single acoustic cavitation bubbles (SACBs) and the cleaning process of the nearby surface in liquids with varying viscosities. Finally, we analysed the correlation between bubble dynamics and surface cleaning situations. The differences in the typical dynamic characteristics of the bubbles during collapse in liquids with varying viscosities reveal two main mechanisms underlying surface cleaning by acoustic cavitation, which are respective the Laplace pressure during the bubble's movement and liquid jets during bubble collapse. Our study provides a better physical understanding of the ultrasonic cleaning process based on acoustic cavitation, and will help to optimize and facilitate the applications of surface cleaning, especially for the cleaning of substrates with tightly attached dirt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Soft Matter, Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39106, Germany; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Jin
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Hao Zheng
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Lai
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Jiaming Ma
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Department of Soft Matter, Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39106, Germany.
| | - Haixia Yu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Dachao Li
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Khan IA, Kim JO. Role of inorganic foulants in the aging and deterioration of low-pressure membranes during the chemical cleaning process in surface water treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140073. [PMID: 37689156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-pressure membrane (LPM) filtration, including microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), is a promising technology for the treatment of surface water for drinking and other purposes. Various configurations and operational sequences have been developed to ensure the sustainable provision of clean water by overcoming fouling problems. In the literature, various periodic physical and/or chemical approaches to the cleaning of LPMs have been reported, but little data is available on the aging of MF/UF membranes that results from the interaction between the foulants and the cleaning agent. Periodic physical cleaning of the membrane is expected to return the membrane to its original performance capacity, but it only recovers to a certain level because the remaining foulants cause irreversible fouling. Chemical cleaning can then be employed to recover the membrane from this irreversible fouling but, in the process, it can cause irrecoverable damage to the membrane. In this review, the foulants responsible for irrecoverable damage to MF/UF membranes are summarized, and their interaction with cleaning agents and other foulants is described. The impact of these foulants on various membrane parameters, including filtration efficiency, flux decline, permeability, membrane characterization, and membrane integrity are also summarized and discussed in detail. In addition, mitigation options and future prospects are also discussed with regard to increasing the operational life span of a membrane in a cost-effective manner. Ultimately, this review suggests an advanced control system based on membrane-foulant interactions under the impact of various operational parameters to mitigate the integrity loss of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Afzal Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Chung MMS, Arbour AJ, Huang JY. Microbubble-Assisted Cleaning-in-Place Process for Ultrafiltration System and Its Environmental Performance. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:424. [PMID: 37103851 PMCID: PMC10146933 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration is a key technology in dairy processing for the separation of dairy liquids to clarify, concentrate, and fractionate a variety of dairy products. Ultrafiltration (UF) is widely applied for whey separation, protein concentration and standardization, and lactose-free milk production, though its performance can be hindered by membrane fouling. As an automated cleaning process commonly used in the food and beverage industries, cleaning in place (CIP) uses large amounts of water, chemicals, and energy, resulting in significant environmental impacts. This study introduced micron-scale air-filled bubbles (microbubbles; MBs) with mean diameters smaller than 5 μm into cleaning liquids to clean a pilot-scale UF system. During the UF of model milk for concentration, cake formation was identified as the dominant membrane fouling mechanism. The MB-assisted CIP process was conducted at two bubble number densities (2021 and 10,569 bubbles per mL of cleaning liquid) and two flow rates (130 and 190 L/min). For all the cleaning conditions tested, MB addition largely increased the membrane flux recovery by 31-72%; however, the effects of bubble density and flow rate were insignificant. Alkaline wash was found to be the main step in removing proteinaceous foulant from the UF membrane, though MBs did not show a significant effect on the removal due to the operational uncertainty of the pilot-scale system. The environmental benefits of MB incorporation were quantified by a comparative life cycle assessment and the results indicated that MB-assisted CIP had up to 37% lower environmental impact than control CIP. This is the first study incorporating MBs into a full CIP cycle at the pilot scale and proving their effectiveness in enhancing membrane cleaning. This novel CIP process can help reduce water and energy use in dairy processing and improve the environmental sustainability of the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - April J. Arbour
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jen-Yi Huang
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Terán Hilares R, Singh I, Tejada Meza K, Colina Andrade GJ, Pacheco Tanaka DA. Alternative methods for cleaning membranes in water and wastewater treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10708. [PMID: 35365970 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is caused by foulant deposition or adsorption through physical or chemical interactions on the membrane surface, causing the reduction of flux through the membrane. The main drawbacks of chemical agents used for cleaning are cost, damage caused on the membrane, and waste stream making the process unattractive. Alternative, methods such as ultrasound, enzymatic process, and osmotic backwashing were explored for membrane cleaning. Among all mentioned methods, micronanobubbles have been reported as a promising and emergent method for membrane surface cleaning; unfortunately, the information is limited, but preliminary studies have shown it as an efficient, cheap, and environmentally friendly technique. Other methods like electrically and vibratory-enhanced membrane cleaning also could be interesting but currently are unexplored and information is limited. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Chemical cleaning is an efficient option; however, from an environmental point of view, it is not attractive, and high concentrations could cause damage to the membrane. Micronanobubbles are an emergent and suitable technology for membrane and surface cleaning. Membrane modification and functionalization avoid membrane fast fouling, and the cleaning process is easier, but the manufacture cost could be expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruly Terán Hilares
- Departamento de Ciencias e Ingenierías Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María (UCSM), Arequipa, Peru
| | - Imman Singh
- Rauschert Industries, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin Tejada Meza
- Departamento de Ciencias e Ingenierías Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María (UCSM), Arequipa, Peru
| | - Gilberto J Colina Andrade
- Departamento de Ciencias e Ingenierías Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María (UCSM), Arequipa, Peru
| | - David Alfredo Pacheco Tanaka
- Departamento de Ciencias e Ingenierías Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María (UCSM), Arequipa, Peru
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Ehsani M, Zhu N, Doan H, Lohi A, Abdelrasoul A. In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of ultrasound (US)-generated bubbles: Influence of US frequency on microbubble cavitation for membrane fouling remediation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105697. [PMID: 34388491 PMCID: PMC8361323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gaining an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of ultrasound (US)--generated bubbles is crucial to effectively remediate membrane fouling. The goal of present study is to conduct in-situ visualization of US-generated microbubbles in water to examine the influence of US frequency on the dynamics of microbubbles. This study utilized synchrotron in-line phase contrast imaging (In-line PCI) available at the biomedical imaging and therapy (BMIT) beamlines at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) to enhance the contrast of liquid/air interfaces at different US frequencies of 20, 28 and 40 KHz at 60 Watts. A high-speed camera was used to capture 2,000 frames per second of the bubble cavitation generated in water under the ultrasound influence. Key parameters at the polychromatic beamlines were optimized to maximize the phase contrast of gas/liquid of the microbubbles with a minimum size of 5.5 µm. ImageJ software was used to analyze the bubble characteristics and their behavior under the US exposure including the microbubble number, size, and fraction of the total area occupied by the bubbles at each US frequency. Furthermore, the bubble characteristics over the US exposure time and at different distances from the transducer were studied. The qualitative and quantitative data analyses showed that the microbubble number or size did not change over time; however, it was observed that most bubbles were created at the middle of the frames and close to the US field. The number of bubbles created under the US exposure increased with the frequency from 20 kHz to 40 kHz (about 4.6 times). However, larger bubbles were generated at 20 kHz such that the average bubble radius at 20 kHz was about 6.8 times of that at 40 kHz. Microbubble movement/traveling through water was monitored, and it was observed that the bubble velocity increased as the frequency was increased from 20 kHz to 40 kHz. The small bubbles moved faster, and the majority of them traveled upward towards the US transducer location. The growth pattern (a correlation between the mean growth ratio and the exposure time) of bubbles at 20 kHz and 60 W was obtained by tracking the oscillation of 22 representative microbubbles over the 700 ms of imaging. The mean growth ratio model was also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoume Ehsani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Huu Doan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Amira Abdelrasoul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
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Khadhraoui B, Ummat V, Tiwari BK, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Chemat F. Review of ultrasound combinations with hybrid and innovative techniques for extraction and processing of food and natural products. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105625. [PMID: 34147916 PMCID: PMC8225985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has a significant effect on the rate of various processes in food, perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, bio-fuel, materials, or fine chemical industries, despite some shortcomings. Combination with other conventional or innovative techniques can overcome these limitations, enhance energy, momentum and mass transfer, and has been successfully demonstrated in many recent studies. Various ultrasound combined hybrid and innovative techniques are systematically summarized in this review for the first time. Ultrasound can be combined with diverse conventional techniques including Soxhlet, Clevenger, enzyme, hydrotropes, ionic liquids, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) or Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES), to enhance mixing and micro-mixing, reduced thermal and concentration gradients, and selective extraction. Moreover, combinations of ultrasound with other innovative techniques such as microwave, extrusion, supercritical fluid, subcritical and pressure liquids, Instant controlled pressure drop (DIC), Pulsed Electric Field (PEF), Ultra-Violet (UV) or Infra-Red (IR) radiations, Counter-current chromatography (CCC), or centrifugal partition chromatographs (CPC) can enable reduced equipment size, faster response to process control, faster start-up, increased production, and elimination of process steps. The theories and applications of these ultrasound combined hybrid and innovative techniques as well as their advantages and limitations are compared, and further perspectives are proposed. This review provides new insights into advances in ultrasound combined techniques and their application at research, educational, and industrial level in modern food and plant-based chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Khadhraoui
- Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - V Ummat
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - B K Tiwari
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland.
| | - A S Fabiano-Tixier
- Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - F Chemat
- Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, 84000 Avignon, France.
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A comprehensive review of membrane fouling and cleaning methods with emphasis on ultrasound-assisted fouling control processes. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Çelebier M. Ultrafiltration-based Sample Preparation for Pharmaceutical Analysis. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200729172653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical analysis plays an important role in all steps of drug development processes.
Analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients in biological samples needs sample preparation techniques
to prevent the signal of the analyte from interferences coming from matrix components. Ultrafiltration
is a well-known technique used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Commercial ultrafiltration
devices have been frequently used on proteomics and metabolomics studies for sample preparation.
In pharmaceutical analysis, these devices have been employed to analyze the free concentration of
drugs in biological fluids after filtration. However, they have been rarely used to determine the total
concentration of targeted compounds when it is compared with some other common sample preparation
techniques. Ultrafiltration-based sample preparation might be used to clean-up the sample easily
from matrix components especially on bioanalysis performed with high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). In the case of using protein precipitation agents on filtration procedure, the quantitative
recovery of this non-selective unique technique is competitive with solid-phase extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çelebier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ewis D, Ismail NA, Hafiz M, Benamor A, Hawari AH. Nanoparticles functionalized ceramic membranes: fabrication, surface modification, and performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12256-12281. [PMID: 33410066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies are used intensively for desalination and wastewater treatment. Water filtration using ceramic membranes exhibited high performance compared with polymeric membranes due to various properties such as high resistance to fouling, permeability, rejection rate, and chemical stability. Recently, the performance of nanocomposite ceramic membranes was improved due to the development in nanotechnology. This article focusses on the development of porous ceramic membranes and nanomaterial functionalized ceramic membranes for water filtration applications. At the beginning, various fabrication methods of ceramic membranes were described, and the effect of surface modification techniques on the membrane intrinsic properties was reviewed. Then, the performance of nanoparticles functionalized ceramic membranes was evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, rejection rate, and water permeability. This work can help new entrants and established researchers to become familiar with the current challenges and developments of nanoparticle-incorporated ceramic membranes for water filtration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Ewis
- Environmental Engineering Master Program, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Norhan Ashraf Ismail
- Environmental Engineering Master Program, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - MhdAmmar Hafiz
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O.Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelbaki Benamor
- Gas Processing Centre, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O.Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Aghapour Aktij S, Taghipour A, Rahimpour A, Mollahosseini A, Tiraferri A. A critical review on ultrasonic-assisted fouling control and cleaning of fouled membranes. ULTRASONICS 2020; 108:106228. [PMID: 32717532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fouling is one of the most challenging problems impacting the performance of membrane-based separation technology. In recent years, ultrasound have been widely applied as an unconventional method to control membrane fouling, as well as to enhance membrane cleaning. The aim of the present work is to review the current literature and the recent developments related to the use of ultrasound as an innovative and alternative approach to improve the fouling behavior of membrane separation processes. The theory underlying ultrasonic-assisted phenomena is reviewed, together with operational factors that influence the effectiveness of the ultrasound treatment, such as frequency, power intensity, pressure, temperature, pH, and operation mode. Ultrasound irradiation effectively aids the cleaning of contaminated surfaces and enhances the permeate flux, owing to cavitation phenomena and powerful convective currents, associated with secondary phenomena, such as microstreamers, shock waves, and heating. However, the lifetime of the membranes should be carefully evaluated when applying ultrasonication as a technique of cleaning or controlling membrane fouling. Indeed, the integrity of membranes after sonication and the control of erosion produced by high ultrasonic intensities are key issues hindering the scale-up of this approach in the membrane industry. This reviews highlights the topics requiring more investigations, specifically to evaluate the economic aspects of ultrasonic assisted fouling control and cleaning in membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Aghapour Aktij
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Taghipour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rahimpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran; Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Arash Mollahosseini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Alberto Tiraferri
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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Wang L, Shi L, Jiao C, Qiao Y, Wu W, Li X, Wang J, Ding A, Liao L, Xiong G. Effect of Ultrasound Combined with Ozone Water Pretreatment on the Bacterial Communities and the Physicochemical Properties of Red Swamp Crayfish Meat (Procambarus clarkii). FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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A Review on Ion-exchange Membranes Fouling and Antifouling During Electrodialysis Used in Food Industry: Cleanings and Strategies of Prevention. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Fetyan NAH, Salem Attia TM. Water purification using ultrasound waves: application and challenges. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2020.1762294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa A. H. Fetyan
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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15
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Flux evaluation based on fouling mechanism in acoustic field-assisted ultrafiltration for cold sterilization of tender coconut water. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Thombre NV, Gadhekar AP, Patwardhan AV, Gogate PR. Ultrasound induced cleaning of polymeric nanofiltration membranes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 62:104891. [PMID: 31796332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cleaning of the flat sheet nanofiltration membranes, using backflushing, chemical cleaning, and ultrasonication operated individually as well as in combination with chemicals, has been studied in the present work. Identical hydrophilic polyamide membranes were fouled individually using an aqueous solution containing a single dye, an aqueous solution containing a mixture of dyes, and a synthetically prepared petroleum refinery effluent. Effect of different parameters such as the concentration of cleaning solution, contact time, frequency, and power of ultrasound on the efficacy of membrane cleaning has been studied. Optimal cleaning was achieved under sonication conditions of frequency of 24 kHz and power dissipation of 135 W. It was demonstrated that application of sonication under optimum conditions without chemical agents, gave about 85% water flux recovery. In the case of combined chemical and ultrasonic treatment, it was clearly observed that the use of chemical agent increased the efficacy of ultrasonic cleaning. The hybrid method recovered the initial water flux to almost 90% based on the use of 1.0 M aqueous NaOH and 4 min of sonication. Overall, the use of aqueous NaOH in combination with sonication showed a better efficiency for cleaning than the individual processes thus demonstrating a new avenue for membrane cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin V Thombre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Amit P Gadhekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Anand V Patwardhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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17
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Recent advances and perspectives of ultrasound assisted membrane food processing. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109163. [PMID: 32466900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Power ultrasound (US) transmits substantial amounts of small mechanical movements serving for particle detaching in membrane filtrations. This topic has been reviewed in recent years mainly focused on the mechanisms by which the flux is improved under specific processing conditions. US also been shown to improve food quality by changing physical properties and modifying the activity of enzymes and microorganisms. Surprisingly, limited information exists regarding on how the application of US results in terms of process and quality during membrane filtration of complex matrices such as liquid foods. This review highlights the recent advances in the use of US in membrane filtration processes focused in the manufacturing of foodstuffs and food ingredients, and perspectives of novel hybrid membrane-US systems that may be quite interesting for this field. The application of US in food membrane processing increases the flux, but the lack of standardization regarding to experimental conditions, make suitable comparisons impossible. In this sense, careful attention must be paid regarding to the ultrasonic intensity (UI), the membrane configuration and type of transducers and volume of the treated solution. Dairy products are the most studied application of US membrane food processing, but research has been mainly focused on flux enhancement; hitherto there have been no reports of how operational variables in these processes affect critical aspects such as quality and food safety. Also, studies performed at industrial scale and economical assessments are still missing. Application of US combined with membrane operations such as reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO) and enzyme membrane bioreactors (EMBR) may result interesting for the production of value-added foods. In the perspective of the authors, the stagnation of the development of acoustic filtration systems in food is due more to a prejudice on this subject, rather than actual impedance due to the lack of technological development of transducers. This later has shown important advances in the last years making them suitable for tailor made applications, thus opening several research opportunities to the food engineering not yet explored.
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18
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Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Effect of Surface Roughness and Ultrasonic Frequency on Bubble Dynamics in Acoustic Cavitation. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With many emerging applications such as chemical reactions and ultrasound therapy, acoustic cavitation plays a vital role in having improved energy efficiency. For example, acoustic cavitation results in substantial enhancement in the rates of various chemical reactions. In this regard, an applied acoustic field within a medium generates acoustic streaming, where cavitation bubbles appear due to preexisting dissolved gas in the working fluid. Upon cavitation inception, bubbles can undergo subsequent growth and collapse. During the last decade, the studies on the effects of different parameters on acoustic cavitation such as applied ultrasound frequency and power have been conducted. The bubble growth and collapse mechanisms and their distribution within the medium have been classified. Yet, more research is necessary to understand the complex mechanism of multi-bubble behavior under an applied acoustic field. Various parameters affecting acoustic cavitation such as surface roughness of the acoustic generator should be investigated in more detail in this regard. In this study, single bubble lifetime, bubble size and multi-bubble dynamics were investigated by changing the applied ultrasonic field. The effect of surface roughness on bubble dynamics was presented. In the analysis, images from a high-speed camera and fast video recording techniques were used. Numerical simulations were also done to investigate the effect of acoustic field frequency on bubble dynamics. Bubble cluster behavior and required minimum bubble size to be affected by the acoustic field were obtained. Numerical results suggested that bubbles with sizes of 50 µm or more could be aligned according to the radiation potential map, whereas bubbles with sizes smaller than 10 µm were not affected by the acoustic field. Furthermore, it was empirically proven that surface roughness has a significant effect on acoustic cavitation phenomena.
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Naji O, Al-Juboori RA, Bowtell L, Alpatova A, Ghaffour N. Direct contact ultrasound for fouling control and flux enhancement in air-gap membrane distillation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 61:104816. [PMID: 31669841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air Gap Membrane distillation (AGMD) is a thermally driven separation process capable of treating challenging water types, but its low productivity is a major drawback. Membrane fouling is a common problem in many membrane treatment systems, which exacerbates AGMD's low overall productivity. In this study, we investigated the direct application of low-power ultrasound (8-23 W), as an in-line cleaning and performance boosting technique for AGMD. Two different highly saline feedwaters, namely natural groundwater (3970 μS/cm) and RO reject stream water (12760 μS/cm) were treated using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Theoretical calculations and experimental investigations are presented, showing that the applied ultrasonic power range only produced acoustic streaming effects that enhanced cleaning and mass transfer. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis showed that ultrasound was capable of effectively removing silica and calcium scaling. Ultrasound application on a fouled membrane resulted in a 100% increase in the permeate flux. Cleaning effects accounted for around 30-50% of this increase and the remainder was attributed to mass transfer improvements. Contaminant rejection percentages were consistently high for all treatments (>99%), indicating that ultrasound did not deteriorate the membrane structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the membrane surface was used to confirm this observation. The images of the membrane surface demonstrated that ultrasound successfully cleaned the previously fouled membrane, with no signs of structural damage. The results of this study highlight the efficient and effective application of direct low power ultrasound for improving AGMD performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah Naji
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; School of Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Federation University Australia, University Drive, Mt Helen, VIC 3350, Australia.
| | - Les Bowtell
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| | - Alla Alpatova
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Centre (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Centre (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Bazán MA, Carpintero-Tepole V, Brito-de la Fuente E, Drioli E, Ascanio G. On the use of ultrasonic dental scaler tips as cleaning technique of microfiltration ceramic membranes. ULTRASONICS 2020; 101:106035. [PMID: 31574368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.106035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of ultrasonic dental scaler (UDS) tips has been investigated for cleaning ceramic membranes fouled when filtering cactus juice. Thin and long tips having a larger coverage exhibited the best performance for removing the cake layer deposited on the membrane surface. Such tips cleaned an area equivalent to almost one third of total area of the membrane surface. However, the cleaned area could be increased notoriously if the membrane were placed in rotatory disc holder. The resistance-in series model and atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique helped to reveal the effect of the UDS tips as cleaning process of ceramic membranes. The reversible resistances estimated for UDS tips were 58% and 17% lower than the ones obtained by chemical cleaning at transmembrane pressures of 0.3 bar and 0.5 bar, respectively. This was corroborated by microscope images, which showed the detachment of cake layer of the membrane surface. Results of this work showed that UDS tips are an innovative option as cleaning strategy for filtration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bazán
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 70-186, 04510 CdMx, Mexico
| | - V Carpintero-Tepole
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 70-186, 04510 CdMx, Mexico
| | - E Brito-de la Fuente
- Innovation & Development Product & Process Engineering Center, Pharmaceuticals Division, Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Rathausplatz 12, D-61352 Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - E Drioli
- Institute On Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87030 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - G Ascanio
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 70-186, 04510 CdMx, Mexico.
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Lais H, Lowe PS, Gan TH, Wrobel LC. Numerical investigation of design parameters for optimization of the in-situ ultrasonic fouling removal technique for pipelines. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:94-104. [PMID: 31101293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fouling build-up in engineering assets is a known problem and, as a solution, the application of power ultrasonic for in-situ fouling removal has gained much attention from the industry. Current state-of-the-art fouling removal includes the use of hydraulic, chemical and manual techniques. Much research has been conducted to advance the knowledge on the potential uses of ultrasonics across different fouling applications, primarily in reverse osmosis membranes and heat exchangers. However, the optimization of in-situ ultrasonic fouling removal has not yet been investigated and is still in its infancy. The present study uses a previously experimentally-validated numerical model to conduct a parametric study in order to optimize the technique. Focus was given to the adoption of ultrasonics for large diameter pipes. Therefore, this investigation was conducted on a 6 in. schedule 40-carbon steel pipe. Parameters investigated include: optimum number of transducers to remove fouling in long pipes from a single transducer location; performance at elevated temperature; different fluid domains; optimum voltage; variety of input signals and incremental thickness of fouling. Depending on the particular studied conditions, the possible fouling removal of up to +/-3 m from a single transducer location is demonstrated in a 6 in. schedule 40 carbon steel pipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Lais
- Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Premesh S Lowe
- Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Tat-Hean Gan
- TWI, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK.
| | - Luiz C Wrobel
- Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
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22
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Bella GD, Trapani DD. A Brief Review on the Resistance-in-Series Model in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E24. [PMID: 30717246 PMCID: PMC6409801 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cake layer deposited on the membrane modules of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), especially under a submerged configuration, represents a relevant and fundamental mechanism deeply influencing the development of membrane fouling. It negatively affects the total resistance to filtration, while exerting a positive effect as a "pre-filter" promoting the "dynamic membrane" that protects the physical membrane from internal fouling. These two opposite phenomena should be properly managed, where the submerged membranes are usually subjected to a periodical cake layer removal through ordinary (permeate backwashing and air scouring) and/or irregular cleaning actions (manual physical cleaning). In this context, the physical removal of the cake layer is needed to maintain the design filtration characteristics. Nevertheless, the proper evaluation of the effect of physical cleaning operations is still contradictory and under discussion, referring in particular to the correct evaluation of fouling mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to summarize the different aspects that influence the fouling investigations, based on simple models for the evaluation of the resistance to filtration due to the cake layer, through physical cleaning operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Di Bella
- Facoltà di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore", Cittadella universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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23
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Saha S, Das C. A lab-scale spinning basket membrane module for the assessment of humic acids ultrafiltration with effect of sonication on membrane fouling. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1457029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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24
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Fan M, Phinney DM, Heldman DR. The impact of clean-in-place parameters on rinse water effectiveness and efficiency. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Choi Y, Hwang TM, Jeong S, Lee S. The use of ultrasound to reduce internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:475-483. [PMID: 29137778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike reverse osmosis (RO) that is dominated by the hydraulic pressure differential, forward osmosis (FO) uses the osmotic pressure gradient as the driving force between a dilute feed solution and a concentrated draw solution across a membrane. High pressure is not required in FO, which means that FO can be used as an alternative to RO as an energy-saving separation process in desalination technology. However, a major limiting factor of the FO process is the internal concentration polarization (ICP). Because of the stagnant environment inside the porous supporting layer of a FO membrane, it is difficult to mitigate the ICP by simply increasing the shear stress or promoting turbulence. In this study, the ICP is reduced by ultrasound. The effect of the ultrasound frequency and output power on the ICP coefficient is investigated in a flat-sheet FO membrane module with counter-current flow. The ultrasound frequency and output power are varied between 25, 45, and 72 kHz and over the range of 10-70 W, respectively. NaCl solution is used as both the feed and draw solution. The results illustrate that moderate ultrasonic irradiation is effective for reducing the ICP in a FO process. A modified solution-diffusion model based on film theory is used to assess the effect of ultrasound on the ICP in a FO process. The ICP coefficient is estimated using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Choi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Jeongneung-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Mun Hwang
- Korea Institute of Construction Technology, 2311 Daehwa-Dong, Ilsan-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 411-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Department of Water Resource, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Jeongneung-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Borea L, Naddeo V, Shalaby MS, Zarra T, Belgiorno V, Abdalla H, Shaban AM. Wastewater treatment by membrane ultrafiltration enhanced with ultrasound: Effect of membrane flux and ultrasonic frequency. ULTRASONICS 2018; 83:42-47. [PMID: 28662777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane ultrafiltration is increasingly applied for wastewater treatment and reuse, even though membrane fouling still represents one of the main drawbacks of this technology. In the last years, innovative strategies for membrane fouling control have been developed, such as the combination of membrane processes with ultrasound (US). In present work, the application of membrane ultrafiltration and its combination with US were studied, evaluating the influence on the performance of the treatment and membrane fouling formation of two membrane fluxes, 75 and 150L/m2h, along with two US frequencies, 35 and 150kHz. The results observed showed that the combination of membrane ultrafiltration with US, respect to the filtration process alone, reduced membrane fouling rates to a greater extent at the higher membrane flux and lower US frequency applied, reaching a reduction of 57.33% at 150L/m2h and 35kHz. Furthermore, higher organic matter and turbidity removals were observed at higher frequency (130kHz). The results obtained highlights the applicability of this combined process for the upgrading of membrane ultrafiltration and as an alternative option to conventional tertiary wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Marwa S Shalaby
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Engineering Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth Street (Former El Tahrir Street), P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tiziano Zarra
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Heba Abdalla
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Engineering Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth Street (Former El Tahrir Street), P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shaban
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth Street (Former El Tahrir Street), P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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28
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Luján-Facundo MJ, Mendoza-Roca JA, Cuartas-Uribe B, Álvarez-Blanco S. Cleaning efficiency enhancement by ultrasounds for membranes used in dairy industries. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 33:18-25. [PMID: 27245952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cleaning is a key point for the implementation of membrane technologies in the dairy industry for proteins concentration. In this study, four ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) (5, 15, 30 and 50kDa) and materials (polyethersulfone and ceramics) were fouled with three different whey model solutions: bovine serum albumin (BSA), BSA plus CaCl2 and whey protein concentrate solution (Renylat 45). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasounds (US) on the membrane cleaning efficiency. The influence of ultrasonic frequency and the US application modes (submerging the membrane module inside the US bath or applying US to the cleaning solution) were also evaluated. The experiments were performed in a laboratory plant which included the US equipment and the possibility of using two membrane modules (flat sheet and tubular). The fouling solution that caused the highest fouling degree for all the membranes was Renylat 45. Results demonstrated that membrane cleaning with US was effective and this effectiveness increased at lower frequencies. Although no significant differences were observed between the two different US applications modes tested, slightly higher cleaning efficiencies values placing the membrane module at the bottom of the tank were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Luján-Facundo
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - J A Mendoza-Roca
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - B Cuartas-Uribe
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - S Álvarez-Blanco
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
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29
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Luján-Facundo M, Mendoza-Roca J, Cuartas-Uribe B, Álvarez-Blanco S. Study of membrane cleaning with and without ultrasounds application after fouling with three model dairy solutions. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Gajendragadkar CN, Gogate PR. Intensified recovery of valuable products from whey by use of ultrasound in processing steps - A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 32:102-118. [PMID: 27150751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current review focuses on the analysis of different aspects related to intensified recovery of possible valuable products from cheese whey using ultrasound. Ultrasound can be used for process intensification in processing steps such as pre-treatment, ultrafiltration, spray drying and crystallization. The combination of low-frequency, high intensity ultrasound with the pre-heat treatment minimizes the thickening or gelling of protein containing whey solutions. These characteristics of whey after the ultrasound assisted pretreatment helps in improving the efficacy of ultrafiltration used for separation and also helps in preventing the blockage of orifice of spray dryer atomizing device. Further, the heat stability of whey proteins is increased. In the subsequent processing step, use of ultrasound assisted atomization helps to reduce the treatment times as well as yield better quality whey protein concentrate (WPC) powder. After the removal of proteins from the whey, lactose is a major constituent remaining in the solution which can be efficiently recovered by sonocrystallization based on the use of anti-solvent as ethanol. The scale-up parameters to be considered during designing the process for large scale applications are also discussed along with analysis of various reactor designs. Overall, it appears that use of ultrasound can give significant process intensification benefits that can be harnessed even at commercial scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay N Gajendragadkar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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31
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Yusof NSM, Babgi B, Alghamdi Y, Aksu M, Madhavan J, Ashokkumar M. Physical and chemical effects of acoustic cavitation in selected ultrasonic cleaning applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:568-76. [PMID: 26142078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic cavitation in a liquid medium generates several physical and chemical effects. The oscillation and collapse of cavitation bubbles, driven at low ultrasonic frequencies (e.g., 20 kHz), can generate strong shear forces, microjets, microstreaming and shockwaves. Such strong physical forces have been used in cleaning and flux improvement of ultrafiltration processes. These physical effects have also been shown to deactivate pathogens. The efficiency of deactivation of pathogens is not only dependent on ultrasonic experimental parameters, but also on the properties of the pathogens themselves. Bacteria with thick shell wall are found to be resistant to ultrasonic deactivation process. Some evidence does suggest that the chemical effects (radicals) of acoustic cavitation are also effective in deactivating pathogens. Another aspect of cleaning, namely, purification of water contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants, has also been discussed in detail. Strong oxidising agents produced within acoustic cavitation bubbles could be used to degrade organic pollutants and convert toxic inorganic pollutants to less harmful substances. The effect of ultrasonic frequency and surface activity of solutes on the sonochemical degradation efficiency has also been discussed in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Saadah Mohd Yusof
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bandar Babgi
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alghamdi
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mecit Aksu
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jagannathan Madhavan
- Solar Energy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Muthupandian Ashokkumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Hou D, Zhang L, Wang Z, Fan H, Wang J, Huang H. Humic acid fouling mitigation by ultrasonic irradiation in membrane distillation process. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Evaluation of cleaning efficiency of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by BSA using FTIR–ATR as a tool. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Corbatón-Báguena MJ, Álvarez-Blanco S, Vincent-Vela MC, Lora-García J. Utilization of NaCl solutions to clean ultrafiltration membranes fouled by whey protein concentrates. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Corbatón-Báguena MJ, Gugliuzza A, Cassano A, Mazzei R, Giorno L. Destabilization and removal of immobilized enzymes adsorbed onto polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes by salt solutions. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Naddeo V, Belgiorno V, Borea L, Secondes MFN, Ballesteros F. Control of fouling formation in membrane ultrafiltration by ultrasound irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1299-1307. [PMID: 25384626 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.985731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of membrane filtration in water and wastewater treatment necessitates techniques to improve performance, especially in fouling control. Ultrasound is one promising technology for this purpose as cavitational effects facilitate continuous cleaning of the membrane. This research studied the ultrafiltration of lake water in systems with constant permeate flux under medium frequency (45 kHz) ultrasound irradiation. Fouling was investigated by monitoring transmembrane pressure (TMP) using continuous or intermittent ultrasound irradiation and dead-end or crossflow operation. Best performance was observed with continuous ultrasound irradiation in crossflow mode. Intermittent irradiation reduced the rate of TMP build-up but nevertheless allowed irreversible fouling to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Naddeo
- a Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering , University of Salerno , Fisciano , (Sa) 84084 , Italy
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Hou D, Dai G, Fan H, Huang H, Wang J. An ultrasonic assisted direct contact membrane distillation hybrid process for desalination. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Zijlstra A, Fernandez Rivas D, Gardeniers HJGE, Versluis M, Lohse D. Enhancing acoustic cavitation using artificial crevice bubbles. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:512-523. [PMID: 25455191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the response of pre-defined cavitation nuclei driven continuously in the kHz regime (80, 100 and 200 kHz). The nuclei consist of stabilized gaspockets in cylindrical pits of 30 μm diameter etched in silicon or glass substrates. It is found that above an acoustic pressure threshold the dynamics of the liquid-gas meniscus switches from a stable drum-like vibration to expansion and deformation, frequently resulting in detachment of microbubbles. Just above this threshold small bubbles are continuously and intermittently ejected. At elevated input powers bubble detachment becomes more frequent and cavitation bubble clouds are formed and remain in the vicinity of the pit bubble. Surprisingly, the resulting loss of gas does not lead to deactivation of the pit which can be explained by a rectified gas diffusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaldert Zijlstra
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Han J G E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ábel M, Kiss ZL, Beszédes S, Hodúr C, Keszthelyi-Szabó G, László Z. Ultrasonically Assisted Ultrafiltration of Whey Solution. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Ábel
- Department of Process Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Szeged; Moszkvai krt. 9. Szeged H-6725 Hungary
| | - Zsolt László Kiss
- Department of Process Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Szeged; Moszkvai krt. 9. Szeged H-6725 Hungary
| | - Sándor Beszédes
- Department of Process Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Szeged; Moszkvai krt. 9. Szeged H-6725 Hungary
| | - Cecilia Hodúr
- Department of Process Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Szeged; Moszkvai krt. 9. Szeged H-6725 Hungary
| | - Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó
- Department of Process Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Szeged; Moszkvai krt. 9. Szeged H-6725 Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna László
- Department of Process Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Szeged; Moszkvai krt. 9. Szeged H-6725 Hungary
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Kiss Z, Kertész S, Hodúr C, Keszthelyi-Szabó G, László Z. Whey separation using TiO2-modified ultrafiltration membrane. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.43.2014.suppl.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Corbatón-Báguena MJ, Álvarez-Blanco S, Vincent-Vela MC. Salt cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by whey model solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Regula C, Carretier E, Wyart Y, Gésan-Guiziou G, Vincent A, Boudot D, Moulin P. Chemical cleaning/disinfection and ageing of organic UF membranes: a review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 56:325-365. [PMID: 24704985 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation processes have become a basic unit operation for process design and product development. These processes are used in a variety of separation and concentration steps, but in all cases, the membranes must be cleaned regularly to remove both organic and inorganic material deposited on the surface and/or into the membrane bulk. Cleaning/disinfection is a vital step in maintaining the permeability and selectivity of the membrane in order to get the plant to its original capacity, to minimize risks of bacteriological contamination, and to make acceptable products. For this purpose, a large number of chemical cleaning/disinfection agents are commercially available. In general, these cleaning/disinfection agents have to improve the membrane flux to a certain extent. However, they can also cause irreversible damages in membrane properties and performances over the long term. Until now, there is considerably less literature dedicated to membrane ageing than to cleaning/disinfection. The knowledge in cleaning/disinfection efficiency has recently been improved. But in order to develop optimized cleaning/disinfection protocols there still remains a challenge to better understand membrane ageing. In order to compensate for the lack of correlated cleaning/disinfection and ageing data from the literature, this paper investigates cleaning/disinfection efficiencies and ageing damages of organic ultrafiltration membranes. The final aim is to provide less detrimental cleaning/disinfection procedures and to propose some guidelines which should have been taken into consideration in term of membrane ageing studies. To carry out this study, this article will detail the background of cleaning/disinfection and aging membrane topics in a first introductive part. In a second part, key factors and endpoints of cleaning/disinfection and aging membranes will be discussed deeply: the membrane role and the cleaning parameters roles, such as water quality, storing conditions, cleaning/disinfection/aging agents/conditions/protocols. The third and last part will be developed the parameters, methods and ways of characterization at our disposal and commonly used to develop and implement membrane cleaning and/or ageing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Regula
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France; ECOLAB, 8 rue Rouget de Lisle, 92442 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, France
| | - E Carretier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France
| | - Y Wyart
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France
| | - G Gésan-Guiziou
- INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000 Rennes, France; AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Vincent
- ECOLAB, 8 rue Rouget de Lisle, 92442 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, France
| | - D Boudot
- ECOLAB, 8 rue Rouget de Lisle, 92442 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, France
| | - P Moulin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France.
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Alventosa-deLara E, Barredo-Damas S, Alcaina-Miranda MI, Iborra-Clar MI. Study and optimization of the ultrasound-enhanced cleaning of an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane through a combined experimental-statistical approach. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1222-34. [PMID: 24239101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is one of the main drawbacks of ultrafiltration technology during the treatment of dye-containing effluents. Therefore, the optimization of the membrane cleaning procedure is essential to improve the overall efficiency. In this work, a study of the factors affecting the ultrasound-assisted cleaning of an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane fouled by dye particles was carried out. The effect of transmembrane pressure (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 bar), cross-flow velocity (1, 2, 3 ms(-1)), ultrasound power level (40%, 70%, 100%) and ultrasound frequency mode (37, 80 kHz and mixed wave) on the cleaning efficiency was evaluated. The lowest frequency showed better results, although the best cleaning performance was obtained using the mixed wave mode. A Box-Behnken Design was used to find the optimal conditions for the cleaning procedure through a response surface study. The optimal operating conditions leading to the maximum cleaning efficiency predicted (32.19%) were found to be 1.1 bar, 3 ms(-1) and 100% of power level. Finally, the optimized response was compared to the efficiency of a chemical cleaning with NaOH solution, with and without the use of ultrasound. By using NaOH, cleaning efficiency nearly triples, and it improves up to 25% by adding ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alventosa-deLara
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Barredo-Damas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M I Alcaina-Miranda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M I Iborra-Clar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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47
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Luján-Facundo M, Mendoza-Roca J, Cuartas-Uribe B, Álvarez-Blanco S. Ultrasonic cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes fouled with BSA solution. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Wan MW, Reguyal F, Futalan C, Yang HL, Kan CC. Ultrasound irradiation combined with hydraulic cleaning on fouled polyethersulfone and polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2929-2937. [PMID: 24617052 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.701235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ultrasonic irradiation technique was utilized to mitigate the fouling of polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The use of ultrasound at 20 kHz was applied to a dead-end microfiltration cell in order to mitigate fouling caused by the presence of colloidal bentonite particles. The effect of ultrasonic power and pulse duration on the permeate flux recovery was examined. Measurements indicate that an increase in ultrasonic power and longer pulse duration results to a higher permeate flux recovery. In order to reduce power consumption, a low to high power shift (LHPS) and pulsation method, were investigated. Methods of cleaning such as ultrasonic irradiation, ultrasonic cleaning with forward flushing and ultrasonic cleaning with backwashing were utilized and their cleaning efficiencies were examined. The cleaning performance was assessed using the clean water flux method and scanning electron microscope analysis of the cleaned membranes. Results showed that LHPS and pulsation method both improve the permeate flux recovery but were not able to attain the 93.97 and 74.88% flux recovery for PES and PVDF that was achieved by constant-15 W ultrasonic cleaning. In addition, forward flushing and backwashing may enhance the performance of ultrasonic cleaning at 9 W but could become disadvantageous at 15 W.
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49
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Xu M, Wen X, Huang X, Yu Z, Zhu M. Mechanisms of membrane fouling controlled by online ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor for digestion of waste activated sludge. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Maruf SH, Rickman M, Wang L, Mersch IV J, Greenberg AR, Pellegrino J, Ding Y. Influence of sub-micron surface patterns on the deposition of model proteins during active filtration. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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