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Rethinasabapathy M, Ghoreishian SM, Hwang SK, Han YK, Roh C, Huh YS. Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials towards the Storage, Separation, and Removal of Tritium. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301589. [PMID: 37435972 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Tritium is a sustainable next-generation prime fuel for generating nuclear energy through fusion reactions to fulfill the increasing global energy demand. Owing to the scarcity-high demand tradeoff, tritium must be bred inside a fusion reactor to ensure sustainability and must therefore be separated from its isotopes (protium and deuterium) in pure form, stored safely, and supplied on demand. Existing multistage isotope separation technologies exhibit low separation efficiency and require intensive energy inputs and large capital investments. Furthermore, tritium-contaminated heavy water constitutes a major fraction of nuclear waste, and accidents like the one at Fukushima Daiichi leave behind thousands of tons of diluted tritiated water, whose removal is beneficial from an environmental point of view. In this review, the recent progress and main research trends in hydrogen isotope storage and separation by focusing on the use of metal hydride (e.g., intermetallic, and high-entropy alloys), porous (e.g., zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs)), and 2-D layered (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and MXenes) materials to separate and store tritium based on their diverse functionalities are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions for implementing tritium storage and separation are summarized in the reviewed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muruganantham Rethinasabapathy
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Kyu Hwang
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Roh
- Decommissioning Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
- Nuclear Science and Technology, Quantum Energy Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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Dai Z, Deng J, He X, Scholes CA, Jiang X, Wang B, Guo H, Ma Y, Deng L. Helium separation using membrane technology: Recent advances and perspectives. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Akbari A, Karimi-Sabet J, Ghoreishi SM. Intensification of helium separation from CH4 and N2 by size-reduced Cu-BTC particles in Matrimid matrix. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Antunes R, Frances L, Incelli M, Santucci A. Sensitivity Analysis and Dimensioning of Reactor-Scale Pd/Ag Permeators for the Tritium Extraction and Removal System of the EU-HCPB Blanket. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2019.1705748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antunes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Building C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laëtitia Frances
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marco Incelli
- ENEA, Department of Fusion and Technology, Via E Fermi 45, Frascati 00044, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Santucci
- ENEA, Department of Fusion and Technology, Via E Fermi 45, Frascati 00044, Rome, Italy
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Dimensioning of ideal membrane cascade systems for the separation of binary gas mixtures for nuclear fusion applications. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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