1
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Zhang B, Mao X, Shen Y, Ma T, Zhang B, Liu B, Shi W. Enhanced performance and mechanism of adsorption pretreatment for alleviating membrane fouling in AGMBR: Impact of structural variations in carbon adsorbents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173702. [PMID: 38830416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The structural variances of adsorbents play a crucial role in determining the number of effective adsorption sites and pretreatment performance. However, there is still a gap in comprehending the impact of different carbon structural adsorbents on membrane fouling. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), and activated carbon fiber (ACF) in mitigating membrane fouling during municipal sewage reclamation using an aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor (AGMBR). The results demonstrated that the utilization of PAC significantly enhanced the normalized flux and reduced fouling resistance in comparison to GAC and ACF systems. PAC effectively adsorbed low and medium-molecular-weight pollutants present in raw sewage, resulting in an increase in average particle size and a decrease in foulant content on the membrane surface. The Hermia model indicated that adsorption pretreatment minimized standard blocking while promoting the formation of a sparse and porous cake layer. Moreover, according to the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, PAC has been demonstrated as the optimal antifouling system owing to its enhanced repulsion between membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interactions. Correlation analysis revealed that the exceptional antifouling performance of the PAC system was due to its high removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (~78 %) and suspended solids (~97 %). This research offers valuable insights into the mitigation of membrane fouling through the utilization of adsorbents featuring diverse carbon structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Yujiang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 409003, China
| | - Xin Mao
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Yujiang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 409003, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Yujiang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 409003, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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2
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Pashaki SGA, Khojastehpour M, Ebrahimi-Nik M, Tedesco S. Potential of ash from agricultural waste as substitute of commercial FeCl 3 in primary treatment of landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119932. [PMID: 38160545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the ever increasing global population, higher volumes of industrial waste discharges to landfill have caused major problems for the environment. This study investigated the performance of rice straw ash (RSA) as a natural coagulant under different conditions for the treatment of landfill leachates by coagulation-flocculation and microfiltration, with and without addition of FeCl3. The highest performing treatment conditions (RSA = 2.48 g/L, FeCl3 = 4.98 g/L, settling time = 54.75min) were achieved with the combined use of RSA and FeCl3 as coagulant and led to a sludge volume index of 41.65 mL/g, 51.27% COD removal and 76.48% total suspended solid removal. In contrast, FeCl3 alone achieved slightly better COD and total suspended solid removal rates, however it resulted in higher sludge volume index and sludge production. The combined use of RSA and FeCl3 reduced the consumption of these two coagulants by 78.76% and 46.69% respectively. Functional groups and thermal stability of the flocs showed that RSA + FeCl3 synergistically enhance the mechanisms of the coagulation-flocculation process, including adsorption by particle's bridging, charge neutralization and size of flocs. Combining the coagulants resulted in increased van der Waals forces and lower attractive forces of the inter-colloidal energy barrier in the leachate. Additionally, the highest and lowest heavy metals removal rates for treatment by microfiltration were found for Fe (92.15%) and Mg (7.63%), with a total heavy metals removal efficiency in the range of 6.08-90.78%. The findings of this study show that RSA can serve as a natural eco-friendly coagulant both alone and in combination with FeCl3 in the leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Khojastehpour
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Silvia Tedesco
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
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3
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Han Y, Ren L, Sun Y. A comparison of micro-flocculation and ozonation as pretreatments for ultrafiltration: organic removal and membrane fouling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112267-112276. [PMID: 37831270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro-flocculation and ozone were applied as pretreatments of ultrafiltration to treat sodium alginate (SA) and humic acid (HA) simulated water, respectively, to investigate the effects of different pretreatments of ultrafiltration (UF) on filtration flux and removal of organic matters. Regarding the SA simulated water, micro-flocculation helped to improve the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency highly, maximum DOC removal efficiency reached to 79.77%, due to the rejection of gel layer introduced by the alginate-aluminum complexes, but the gel layer had a negative impact on membrane flux. Compared with micro-flocculation, ozone as pretreatments had better ability to enhance the membrane specific flux, the maximum final specific flux remained as 0.786, larger than that of MF-UF process (0.574). Ozonation oxidizing SA into small organic molecules significantly reduced membrane fouling and filtration resistance, but also produced some dissolved organic matters hindering DOC removal of effluent. As for HA simulated water, both the micro-flocculation and ozone could effectively improve the specific flux, the final specific flux of MF-UF and ozone-UF were about 0.930, but MF-UF exhibited better DOC removal than ozone-UF, which avoided the introduction of additional dissolved organic matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhaoheng Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yikan Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuting Han
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lanxin Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yingxue Sun
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Gao Q, Duan L, Jia Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Yang W. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of Inorganic Matter on Membrane Organic Fouling: A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:837. [PMID: 37888009 PMCID: PMC10609035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a non-negligible issue affecting the performance of membrane systems. Particularly, organic fouling is the most persistent and severe form of fouling. The complexation between inorganic and organic matter may exacerbate membrane organic fouling. This mini review systematically analyzes the role of inorganic matter in membrane organic fouling. Inorganic substances, such as metal ions and silica, can interact with organic foulants like humic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins through ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, coordination, and van der Waals interactions. These interactions facilitate the formation of larger aggregates that exacerbate fouling, especially for reverse osmosis membranes. Molecular simulations using molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) provide valuable mechanistic insights complementing fouling experiments. Polysaccharide fouling is mainly governed by transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) formations induced by inorganic ion bridging. Inorganic coagulants like aluminum and iron salts mitigate fouling for ultrafiltration but not reverse osmosis membranes. This review summarizes the effects of critical inorganic constituents on fouling by major organic foulants, providing an important reference for membrane fouling modeling and fouling control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hengliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Gao Q, Duan L, Jia Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Yang W. Differences in the Effect of Mn 2+ on the Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling Caused by Different Types of Organic Matter: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Evidence. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:823. [PMID: 37887995 PMCID: PMC10608961 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate from some sites contains a high concentration of Mn2+, which may cause reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling during RO treatment. In this study, the effect of Mn2+ on RO membrane fouling caused by typical organic pollutants (humic acid (HA), protein (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA)) was systematically investigated, and it was found that Mn2+ exacerbates RO membrane fouling caused by HA, SA, and HBS (mixture of HA + BSA + SA). When the Mn2+ concentration was 0.5 mM and 0.05 mM separately, the membrane fouling caused by HA and SA began to become significant. On the other hand, with for HBS fouling only, the water flux decreased significantly by about 21.7% and further decreased with an increasing Mn2+ concentration. However, Mn2+ has no direct effect on BSA. The effect degrees to which Mn2+ affected RO membrane fouling can be expressed as follows: HBS > SA > HA > BSA. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations also gave the same results. In modeling the reaction of the complexation of Mn2+ with the carboxyl group in these four types of organic matter, BSA has the highest energy (-55.7 kJ/mol), which predicts that BSA binding to Mn2+ is the most unstable compared to other organic matter. The BSA carboxylate group also has the largest bond length (2.538-2.574 Å) with Mn2+ and the weakest interaction force, which provides a theoretical basis for controlling RO membrane fouling exacerbated by Mn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Gao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hengliang Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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6
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Zhang B, Shen J, Mao X, Zhang B, Shen Y, Shi W. A novel membrane bioreactor inoculated with algal-bacterial granular sludge for sewage reuse and membrane fouling mitigation: Performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122194. [PMID: 37453682 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) inoculated with algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGMBR) was established to improve pollutant removal and alleviate membrane fouling. The ABGMBR system showed higher pollutant removal rate and longer operation time (152 day) compared to the control MBR (AGMBR). Moreover, the contents of the pollutants such as granular sludges, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and soluble microbial products on the membrane were remarkably reduced, leading to the formation of a porous and loose cake layer on the membrane and a slow increase in transmembrane pressure. Standard blocking was the main mechanism of membrane fouling; however, the membrane pore blockage was significantly reduced in ABGMBR. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory suggested that the aggregation and adhesion of foulants on the membrane were greatly inhibited in ABGMBR. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed significant differences in membrane fouling characteristics between AGMBR and ABGMBR. The ABGMBR system effectively retarded sludge disintegration and increased the repulsion between the sludge and membrane owing to the favorable mixed liquor characteristics. This study showcases the superior operational efficiency and anti-fouling performance of ABGMBR, offering a novel perspective on sewage reuse and membrane fouling mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing Yujiang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 409003, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400060, China.
| | - Jing Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xin Mao
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing Yujiang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 409003, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400060, China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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7
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Zhang J, Yan Y, Jia W, Yang W, Wang Q, Zhao S. Design and application of gel coagulation-spontaneous flotation integrated process in water treatment: "Clouds in water". WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120407. [PMID: 37516081 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The gel coagulation-spontaneous flotation (GCSF) process designed in this paper mainly rely on dissolved gas in water rather than auxiliary gas equipment to achieve spontaneous flotation. Compared with the traditional coagulation-dissolved air flotation method, GCSF has more stable flotation efficiency and shorter operation cycle under conventional hydraulic conditions. In this study, the GCSF scheme was applied for surface water treatment, and its operating efficiency, mechanism of action, and environmental implications were explored systematically. The results illustrate that the dosage ratio of sodium alginate (SA) to aluminum sulfate (AS) should be controlled in the range of approximately 1.5:1-2.5:1, and SA should be added 15∼120 s before AS during the coagulation process. Under these conditions, the adsorption cross-linking between SA and Al3+ promoted the generation of gel flocs and effectively encapsulated the dissolved gasses, thereby achieving a stable spontaneous flotation process and 80%-95% removal of pollutants. The purification efficiency of GCSF was positively correlated with pH 4-9, which was attributed to the enhanced hydrophobicity of the chains of organic polymer groups. The residual SA and aluminum concentration in effluent were lower than 1 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, which guarantee the ecological security of GCSF application. In addition, the results of density functional theory calculations revealed that -OH and -AlO6 in cross-linked flocs could adsorb dissolved oxygen synergistically, while -OH combined with oxygen had a stronger binding energy and stable adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wenlin Jia
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Weihua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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Xie H, Chen B, Lin H, Li R, Shen L, Yu G, Yang L. Efficient oil-water emulsion treatment via novel composite membranes fabricated by CaCO 3-based biomineralization and TA-Ti(IV) coating strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159183. [PMID: 36202361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continuous increasing discharge of industrial oily wastewater and frequent occurrence of oil spill accidents have taken heavy tolls on global environment and human health. Organic-inorganic modifications can fabricate superhydrophilic/submerged superoleophobic membranes for efficient oil-water separation/treatment though they still suffer from complex operation, non-environmental friendliness, expensive cost or uneven distribution. Herein, a new strategy regarding tannic acid (TA)-Ti(IV) coating and CaCO3-based biomineralization through simple inkjet printing processes was proposed to modify polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, endowing the membrane with high hydrophilicity (water contact angle (WCA) decreased from 86.01° to 14.94°) and underwater superoleophobicity (underwater contact angle (UOCA) > 155°). The optimized TA-Ti(IV)-CaCO3 modified membrane possessed perfect water permeation to various oil/water emulsions (e.g., 355.7 L·m-2·h-1 for gasoline emulsion) under gravity with superior separation efficiency (>98.8 %), leading the way in oil/water emulsion separation performance of PVDF membranes modified with polyphenolic surfaces to our knowledge. Moreover, the modified membrane displayed rather high flux recovery after eight cycles of filtration while maintaining the original excellent separation efficiency. The modification process proposed in this study is almost independent of the nature of the substrate, and meets the demand for simple, inexpensive, rapid preparation of highly hydrophilic antifouling membranes, showing abroad application prospect for oil-water emulsion separation/treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Xie
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Binghong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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9
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Pan Z, Zeng B, Yu G, Lin H, Hu L, Teng J, Zhang H, Yang L. Molecular insights into impacts of EDTMPA on membrane fouling caused by transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158650. [PMID: 36089022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMPA) has been emerged as a stronger chelating agent than ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for fouling mitigation, and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) is a major foulant in membrane-based water treatment process, effects of EDTMPA on TEP fouling and the underlying mechanism have been not yet studied. In this study, Flory-Huggins lattice theory was combined with density functional theory (DFT) technology to explore this subject at molecular level. Filtration experiments showed a unimodal pattern of specific filtration resistance (SFR) of TEP sample with Ca2+ concentration in range of 0-3 mM. For the TEP sample with the peak SFR value at 1.5 mM Ca2+, continuous addition of EDTMPA (from 0 to 100 mg·L-1) resulted in a sustained decrease in SFR. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping characterization showed the continuing decline of calcium content in the TEP layer with increase of EDTMPA addition, indicating that EDTMPA successfully captured Ca2+ from alginate‑calcium ligation (TEP), and then disintegrated the TEP structure. DFT simulation showed that Ca2+ preferentially coordinated with the terminal carboxyl groups of alginate chains to form a coordination configuration that is conducive to stretch the three-dimensional polymer network. Such a network corresponded to an extremely high SFR according to Flory-Huggins theory. EDTMPA addition caused disintegration of the coordination configuration of Ca2+ binding to terminal carboxyl groups, which further resulted in collapse and flocculation of TEP gel network structure, thus leading to a continuous SFR decrease. This work provided deep thermodynamic insights into effects of EDTMPA on TEP-associated fouling at molecular level, facilitating to better understanding and mitigation of membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Lijiang Hu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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10
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Zhang H, Wen H, Yin H, Qin W, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Y. A novel approach for harvesting the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris with sodium alginate microspheres using buoy-bead flotation method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158418. [PMID: 36055496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the residue of buoy-beads and solve the problem of pollution caused by high flocculant consumption, SAMs1(sodium alginate microspheres) with sodium alginate were used as the raw material to harvest microalgae for the first time. In addition, during the manufacturing of SAMs, the re-frying oil was used as the dispersion system, which not only reduced the cost, but also provided new ideas for the treatment of re-frying oil. Response surface methodology was used to explore the influence of different factors and the interaction of variables, and the harvesting process was optimized using the multi-objective optimization. Based upon the calculation of XDLVO (extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory and the characterization of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, the harvesting mechanism of buoy-bead flotation method was clarified. The results showed that the combination of SAMs and a small amount of aluminum sulfate could replace air flotation and traditional buoy-bead flotation with solid particles as buoy-beads to harvest C. vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris). For the multi-objective optimization with harvesting efficiency as the priority, the predicted pH, the concentrations of aluminum sulfate and buoy-beads and the dilution factor had values of 8.25, 56.09 mg/L, 17.46 mL/L, and 2.15, respectively. In the validation experiment, the harvesting efficiency and the enrichment ratio of C. vulgaris could reach the values of 97.51 % and 1.97 %, respectively. For the validation experiment of reverse optimization with focusing on enrichment ratio, the harvesting efficiency and the enrichment ratio of C. vulgaris had the values of 93.78 % and 2.65 %, respectively. The essence of improving the harvesting mechanism was the combination of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups between C. vulgaris and SAMs and the adsorption of positive ions by specific proteins on the surface of C. vulgaris to reduce electrostatic repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Hongwei Yin
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
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11
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Li Y, Yu M, Meng X, Fan W, Liang D, Liu H, Yang L, Shen L, Zhao Q, Meng S. An effective way in application of coagulants for more accurate fouling control via transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) determination. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Zeng B, Pan Z, Xu Y, Long Y, Lin H, Zhang J, Shen L, Li R, Hong H, Zhang H. Molecular insights into membrane fouling caused by polysaccharides with different structures in polyaluminum chloride coagulation-ultrafiltration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135849. [PMID: 35948096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mechanisms of membrane fouling caused by polysaccharides with different molecular structures in polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process were explored. Carrageenan and xanthan gum were chosen for model foulants of straight chain and branched chain polysaccharides, respectively. Filtration experiments showed that, with PACl dosage of 0-5 mM, specific filtration resistance (SFR) of carrageenan and xanthan solution showed a unimodal pattern and a continuous decrease pattern, respectively. A series of experimental characterizations indicated that the different SFR pattern was closely related to structure of foulants layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggested that Al3+ preferentially coordinating with the terminal sulfonyl groups of carrageenan chains to promote gel layer formation at low PACl concentration (0.15 mM). There existed a chemical potential gap between bound water in gel layer and free water in the permeate, so that, filtration through gel layer corresponded to rather high SFR for overcoming this gap. In contrast, Al3+ coordinating with the non-terminal sulfonyl groups of carrageenan at high PACl concentration caused transition from gel layer to cake layer, leading to SFR decrease. However, xanthan gum itself can form a dense gel layer with a complex polymer network by virtue of the interlacing of main chains and branches. Al3+ coordinating with the carboxyl groups on branched chains of xanthan gum resulted in clusters of polymer chains and flocculation, corresponding to the reduced SFR. This proposed molecular-level mechanism well explained membrane fouling behaviors of polysaccharides with different molecular structure, and also facilitated to optimize C-UF process for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Ying Long
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China.
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13
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Ladouceur JD, Narbaitz RM. Reduced Low-Pressure Membrane Fouling by Inline Coagulation Pretreatment for a Colored River Water. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1028. [PMID: 36363583 PMCID: PMC9695621 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment (DWT) using low-pressure membranes (LPM) has become increasingly popular due to their many reported advantages compared to conventional technologies. Productivity decline due to fouling has prevented LPMs from becoming the technology of choice in DWT, however, coagulation pretreatment either with or without particle separation mitigates fouling phenomena. The effectiveness of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (CF-S), coagulation/flocculation/dissolved air flotation (CF-DAF), and inline coagulation (CF-IN) as technologies for pretreatment of feed water has rarely been investigated using the same water source. In this study, CF-S, CF-DAF, and CF-IN are directly compared as pretreatment of a tubular multi-channeled ultrafiltration (UF) membrane using the same highly colored river water. Three-day long filtration tests were performed using an automated bench-scale filtration apparatus with an inside-out configuration. Although CF-DAF had the greatest removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and hydrophobic organics, CF-S pretreatment resulted in a similar level of total fouling. Compared to CF-DAF and CF-S, CF-IN pretreatment resulted in lower fouling. The hydraulic and chemical reversibility of CF-IN fouling was seen to be strongly influenced by the feed water zeta potential, suggesting the importance of floc electrostatic and morphological characteristics on inline coagulation performance.
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14
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Yuan ZY, Li YF, Li TY, Yao JL, Zhang JF, Wang XM. Identifying key residual aluminum species responsible for aggravation of nanofiltration membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Tominaga K, Nagai R, Hafuka A, Yu W, Kimura K. Isolation of LC-OCD-quantified biopolymers from surface water: Significant differences between real biopolymers and model biopolymers. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Zeng B, Pan Z, Shen L, Zhao D, Teng J, Hong H, Lin H. Effects of polysaccharides' molecular structure on membrane fouling and the related mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155579. [PMID: 35508249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fouling behaviors of polysaccharides vary with their structure, while the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unexplored. This work was carried out to explore the thermodynamic fouling mechanisms of polysaccharides with different structure. Carrageenan and xanthan gum were selected as the model polysaccharides with structure of straight and branch chains, respectively. Batch filtration experiments showed that xanthan gum solution corresponded to a more rapid flux decline trend, and specific filtration resistance (SFR) of xanthan gum (2.32 × 1015 m-1 kg-1) was over 10 times than that of carrageenan (2.21 × 1014 m-1 kg-1). It was found that, xanthan gum possessed a more disordered structure and a rather higher viscosity (15.03 mPa·s V.S. 1.98 mPa·s for carrageenan). Calculation of extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory showed higher adhesion energy of xanthan gum (-42.82 my m-2 V.S. -23.26 mJ m-2 for carrageenan). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that xanthan gum gel layer had a more homogenous structure and rigid polymer backbone, indicating better mixing with water to form a gel. As verified by heating experiments, such a structure tended to contain more bound water. According to this information, Flory-Huggins lattice theory was introduced to build a bridge between polymeric structure and SFR. It was revealed that branch structure corresponded to higher chemical potential change during gel layer formation, and higher ability to carry bound water, resulting in higher filtration resistance during filtration process. This work revealed the fundamental thermodynamic mechanism of membrane fouling caused by polysaccharides with different structure, deepening understanding of membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Dieling Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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17
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Effect of modified microbial flocculant on membrane fouling alleviation in a hybrid aerobic granular sludge membrane system for wastewater reuse. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Teng J, Zhang H, Lin H, Lu M, Xu X, Gao T, You X. Molecular level insights into the dynamic evolution of forward osmosis fouling via thermodynamic modeling and quantum chemistry calculation: Effect of protein/polysaccharide ratios. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Huang T, Song D, Zhou L, Tao H, Li A, Zhang SW, Liu LF. Non-thermal plasma irradiated polyaluminum chloride for the heterogeneous adsorption enhancement of Cs + and Sr 2+ in a binary system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127441. [PMID: 34673396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural ecosystem will continually deteriorate for decades by the leakage of Cs and Sr isotopes. The exploration of the new materials or techniques for the efficient treatment of radioactive wastewater is critically important. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration was constructed to operate the non-thermal plasma (NTP). The NTP was incorporated into the synthesis of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) in two different procedures to intensify the synthesis of PAC (NTP-PAC) and enhance the further removal of Cs and Sr from wastewater. The employment of NTP in two procedures both had significantly changed the physicochemical characteristics of PAC materials, which facilitated the further adsorption application of NTP-PAC on the treatment of Cs+ and Sr2+. Different molecular, morphological, and adsorption characteristics were confirmed to the NTP-PAC materials. The heterogeneous adsorption of the NTP-PAC can be appropriately fitted by both the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Elovich model. Both physisorption and chemisorption reaction mechanisms were ensured for the heterogeneous adsorption of the NTP-PAC material towards Cs+ and Sr2+, which guaranteed the excellent adsorption performance of NTP-PAC materials compared to PAC. The electron collisions caused by NTP with alum pulp created highly reactive growth precursors and intensified the nucleation and hydrolysis polymerization of PAC. The employment of NTP explicitly broadens the reaction pathways between PAC and cationic contaminants in the aqueous environment, which expands the application area of PAC materials in environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Dongping Song
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Chongqing Water Affairs Group Co., Ltd., No. 1, Longjiawan, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Aiyin Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Shu-Wen Zhang
- Nuclear Resources Engineering College, University of South China, 421001, China
| | - Long-Fei Liu
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
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20
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Zhang B, Mao X, Tang X, Tang H, Zhang B, Shen Y, Shi W. Pre-coagulation for membrane fouling mitigation in an aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor: A comparative study of modified microbial and organic flocculants. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Du Z, Ji M, Li R. Enhanced membrane fouling control and trace organic compounds removal during microfiltration by coupling coagulation and adsorption in an electric field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148830. [PMID: 34247084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coupling electric field, coagulation, and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption in the microfiltration (MF) process was an effective strategy for membrane fouling alleviation and trace organic compounds (TrOCs) elimination. In the electric field, the surface charges of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules and kaolin particles distributed along the direction of the electric field and formed electric dipoles, which lowered electrostatic repulsion between BSA-BSA, BSA-kaolin, and kaolin-kaolin, resulting in enhanced particle aggregation and turbidity reduction. Electrophoretic migration also strengthened the interaction between particles and polyaluminum chloride (PACl). Protein removal showed a significant linear correlation with the transmembrane pressure (TMP), and the slope variation of the fitting curves reflected the role of the electric field in the BSA removal and membrane fouling control. Under the synergistic function of electric field, coagulation, and PAC adsorption, the MF system achieved an 80.7% reduction on membrane fouling, an average BSA removal of 76.4%, and TrOCs elimination of 65.3%-81.7%. Electrochemical oxidation was the main contributor to the TrOCs removal when 2.5 V voltage was applied, and could also prolong the service life of PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Ruying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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22
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Yan M, Shen X, Gao B, Guo K, Yue Q. Coagulation-ultrafiltration integrated process for membrane fouling control: Influence of Al species and SUVA values of water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148517. [PMID: 34174605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) pollution is a great challenge for the ultrafiltration (UF) process owing to the inevitable membrane fouling. In this study, three Al species coagulants (Ala/Alb/Alc) and their composites in combination with Poly dimethyl ammonium chloride (PolyDMDAAC) were used as a pretreatment strategy for the UF process. Then, test waters with different NOM fractions (i.e., humic acid, fulvic acid, protein, and polysaccharide) were prepared to analyze the effects of NOM characteristics on membrane fouling behaviors. The results indicated that compared with Alb and Alc, Ala showed higher removal efficiencies for hydrophobic NOM, aromatic organic matters, and suspended particles, but a limited effect on removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Ala or Ala-PolyDMDAAC effectively mitigated membrane fouling by removing the hydrophobic NOM in the coagulation process and forming the porous cake layer in the UF process. The test waters with higher specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) resulted in more severe total and reversible membrane fouling but lighter irreversible fouling. After pretreatment by Ala or Ala-PolyDMDAAC, water samples with the medium SUVA value exhibited remarkable alleviation of membrane fouling due to the formation of large, compact, and robust flocs, as well as the construction of loose and poriferous cake layer on the membrane surface. Although hydrophilic NOM was challenging to be removed by coagulation, the interception and re-adsorption of porous cake layers contributed to the alleviation of irreversible fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xue Shen
- Resources and Environment Innovation institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Kangying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China
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23
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You X, Zhang J, Shen L, Li R, Xu Y, Zhang M, Hong H, Yang L, Ma Y, Lin H. Thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane fouling during filtration of alginate solution in coagulation-ultrafiltration (UF) process in presence of different ionic strength and iron(III) ion concentration. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Su Z, Liu T, Li X, Graham N, Yu W. Beneficial impacts of natural biopolymers during surface water purification by membrane nanofiltration. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117330. [PMID: 34134038 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration in various forms has become an increasingly used treatment method worldwide for the supply of safe drinking water. The fouling of membranes is commonly considered to be the major operational limitation to its wider application since it leads to frequent backwashing and a shortening of membrane life, and increased production costs. The components of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters have been reported previously to be important foulants of nanofiltration (NF) membranes, however, the potential beneficial effect of particular components of these 'foulants' has not been investigated or demonstrated to date. In this study, we have considered the roles of different organic materials including autochthonous NOM (e.g., biopolymers) and allochthonous NOM (e.g., humic substances) on the fouling of NF membranes by bench-scale tests with samples of two representative source waters (UK) taken in two different seasons (autumn and winter). Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) were employed to generate two permeates, between which the presence of biopolymers (30 kDa - 90 kDa) is the major difference. We developed sequential filtration (MF/UF-NF) to investigate biopolymers' behaviours in NF process. The results showed that the accumulation of biopolymers on NF membranes can mitigate fouling by providing a protective layer in which medium-low molecular weight (MW) materials (e.g. humic substances) are separated by adsorption and/or size exclusion. The protective layers assisted by biopolymers were seen to be thicker under scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and characterized by higher roughness (i.e. three-dimensional, spacial structure) and greater adsorptive capacity. Moreover, improvement on NF membrane fouling mitigation could be more significant in autumn, comparing to that in winter. The findings in this study were found to be repeatable in similar tests with samples of comparable raw waters in China, and will be important to the practical application of NF membrane systems in terms of a new approach to combating fouling in long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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25
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Enhanced permeability and antifouling performance of polyether sulfone (PES) membrane via elevating magnetic Ni@MXene nanoparticles to upper layer in phase inversion process. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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da Silva RJ, Mojica-Sánchez LC, Gorza FDS, Pedro GC, Maciel BG, Ratkovski GP, da Rocha HD, do Nascimento KTO, Medina-Llamas JC, Chávez-Guajardo AE, Alcaraz-Espinoza JJ, de Melo CP. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies of Methyl Orange removal by polyvinylidene fluoride-PEDOT mats. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:62-73. [PMID: 33279054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-modified polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun fibers and their use as a novel adsorbent material for the removal of the anionic dye Methyl Orange (MO) from aqueous media. This novel adsorbent material can be used to selectively remove MO on a wide pH range (3.0-10.0), with a maximum capacity of 143.8 mg/g at pH 3.0. When used in a recirculating filtration system, the maximum absorption capacity was reached in a shorter time (20 min) than that observed for batch mode experiments (360 min). Based on the analyses of the kinetics and adsorption isotherm data, one can conclude that the predominant mechanism of interaction between the membrane and the dissolved dye molecules is electrostatic. Besides, considering the estimated values for the Gibbs energy, and entropy and enthalpy changes, it was established that the adsorption process is spontaneous and occurs in an endothermic manner. The good mechanical and environmental stability of these membranes allowed their use in at least 20 consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles, without significant loss of their characteristics. We suggest that the physical-chemical characteristics of PEDOT make these hybrid mats a promising adsorbent material for use in water remediation protocols and effluent treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romário J da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe D S Gorza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Graciela C Pedro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruna G Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Ratkovski
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hérica D da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kamila T O do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juan C Medina-Llamas
- Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos No.18, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 98160 Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
| | - Alicia E Chávez-Guajardo
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98058 Zacatecas, Zac, Mexico
| | - José J Alcaraz-Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Celso P de Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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27
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Teng J, Zhang H, Tang C, Lin H. Novel molecular level insights into forward osmosis membrane fouling affected by reverse diffusion of draw solutions based on thermodynamic mechanisms. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Long Y, Yu G, Dong L, Xu Y, Lin H, Deng Y, You X, Yang L, Liao BQ. Synergistic fouling behaviors and mechanisms of calcium ions and polyaluminum chloride associated with alginate solution in coagulation-ultrafiltration (UF) process. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116665. [PMID: 33254070 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of calcium ions and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) on membrane fouling in coagulation-ultrafiltration (UF) process were investigated in this study. Filtration tests demonstrated three interesting filtration behaviors: 1) high specific filtration resistance (SFR) of alginate solution with low CaCl2 or PACl addition (e. g. 3.51×1015 m·kg -1 under the condition of 1.5 mM CaCl2 addition); 2) unimodal pattern of alginate SFR with PACl or CaCl2 addition alone; 3) synergistic effects between CaCl2 and PACl on alginate SFR. It was found that, the foulant morphological changes driven by the thermodynamic mechanisms based on Flory-Huggins lattice theory take the critical roles in these filtration behaviors. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that initial coordination of Ca2+ and Al3+ ions with alginates tended to form tetrahedron geometry and geometry of coordinating three terminal carboxyl groups, respectively, which facilitated to elongate the alginate chains (without clustering the flocs) and form more stable gel, increasing SFR. Improving Ca2+ and Al3+ dosages triggered transition to other geometries for clustering polymeric network and flocculation, reducing SFR. Due to the higher binding affinity of Ca2+ over Al3+, Ca2+ and Al3+ sequentially take roles of enlarging polymeric network and clustering the coordination compounds, and then facilitate to form large size flocs and reduce SFR, causing the synergistic effects between CaCl2 and PACl additions. The proposed thermodynamic mechanisms satisfactorily explained these interesting fouling behaviors, allowing to further optimize coagulation-UF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lu Dong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xiujia You
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Biao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
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Kim HS, Jang Y, Ham SY, Park JH, Kang HJ, Yun ET, Shin DH, Kim KC, Park HD. Effect of broad-spectrum biofilm inhibitor raffinose, a plant galactoside, on the inhibition of co-culture biofilm on the microfiltration membrane. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123501. [PMID: 32712354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) integrates process such as membrane filtration and biological treatment of activated sludge. However, organic, inorganic and biological matters cause membrane fouling, which seriously affects membrane performance. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biofouling inhibition capacity of raffinose during the MBR process. The results showed that 0-1,000 μM raffinose significantly reduced the formation of the P. aeruginosa and S. aureus co-culture biofilm by about 25-52 % in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the effect of raffinose on the microfiltration membrane biofilm was tested in a flow reactor and lab-scale MBR unit. The results showed that the co-culture biofilm and transmembrane pressure were decreased by raffinose treatment compared to those by furanone C-30 treatment. These results clearly demonstrated that raffinose, broad-spectrum biofilm inhibitor, inhibits biofilm formation in mixed cultures and could be used to mitigate biofouling in MBR processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shin Kim
- Korean Peninsula Infrastructure Cooperation Team, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsun Jang
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Ham
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Clean Innovation Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Jeju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kang
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Tae Yun
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyup Shin
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chul Kim
- Korean Peninsula Infrastructure Cooperation Team, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Zou Z, Gu Y, Yang W, Liu M, Han J, Zhao S. A modified coagulation-ultrafiltration process for silver nanoparticles removal and membrane fouling mitigation: The role of laminarin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:241-249. [PMID: 33454322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in surface water are highly toxic to humans and difficult to remove due to their adsorption to humic acid (HA). In this study, laminarin (LA) was used as a coagulant aid in a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) system to improve AgNPs-HA removal efficiency. C-UF efficiency, membrane flux, and flocs properties were investigated to explore the AgNPs-HA removal mechanism and membrane fouling. Results showed that when poly aluminum chloride (PAC) was dosed with LA, AgNPs-HA removal was 10-15% higher than when using PAC alone. The C-UF system using only PAC improved the AgNPs-HA removal efficiency through increased coagulation but resulted in membrane fouling. LA application helped mitigate membrane fouling, and the highest normalized permeate flux and smallest resistance values (0.573 and 2.180 × 1010 m-1, respectively) were achieved when 0.1 mg/L of LA was applied with 5 mg/L of PAC. The alleviating mechanism was related to flocs with large sizes and small fractal dimension (Df) values, generating a cake layer with porous morphology. This cake layer was easily removed by flushing and backwashing, which resulted in minimal resistance and fouling of the UF membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Zou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yingqiu Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Weihua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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31
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Application of sodium alginate as a coagulant aid for mitigating membrane fouling induced by humic acid in dead-end ultrafiltration process. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Zhu J, Zhou S, Li M, Xue A, Zhao Y, Peng W, Xing W. PVDF mixed matrix ultrafiltration membrane incorporated with deformed rebar-like Fe3O4–palygorskite nanocomposites to enhance strength and antifouling properties. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Ma Z, Shu G, Lu X. Preparation of an antifouling and easy cleaning membrane based on amphiphobic fluorine island structure and chemical cleaning responsiveness. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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Du J, Li N, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zuo W. Preparation of PVDF membrane blended with graphene oxide-zinc sulfide (GO-ZnS) nanocomposite for improving the anti-fouling property. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Yu H, Gu L, Wu S, Dong G, Qiao X, Zhang K, Lu X, Wen H, Zhang D. Hydrothermal carbon nanospheres assisted-fabrication of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with improved hydrophilicity and antifouling performance. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Teng J, Wu M, Chen J, Lin H, He Y. Different fouling propensities of loosely and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the related fouling mechanisms in a membrane bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126953. [PMID: 32402884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fouling propensities of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPSs) and tightly bound EPSs (TB-EPSs) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were investigated. It was found that, both the LB-EPSs and TB-EPSs possessed rather high specific filtration resistance (SFR), and LB-EPSs possessed about three times higher SFR but a lower adhesion ability than the TB-EPSs. A series of characterizations demonstrated that LB-EPSs had higher ratio of proteins to polysaccharides (PN/PS ratio), lower CO bonds content, higher hydrophilicity, higher deformation or mixing ability and more abundant high molecular weight (MW) substances than TB-EPSs. Thermodynamic analyzes revealed that the total interaction energy between the TB-EPSs and membrane was always attractive and strengthened, well explaining the higher adhesion ability of the TB-EPSs than the LB-EPSs. Meanwhile, the filtration process was found to be associated with gel layer formation, and the high SFR of EPSs was caused by the chemical potential change in gel layer filtration. According to the Flory-Huggins lattice theory, LB-EPSs tended to form a gel layer with higher cross-linking and/or polymer entanglement level because they contained more abundant high molecular weight (MW) substance, corresponding to higher SFR than that of the TB-EPSs. The proposed thermodynamic mechanisms well interpreted the different fouling propensities of LB-EPSs and TB-EPSs in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Mengfei Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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37
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Wu M, Chen Y, Lin H, Zhao L, Shen L, Li R, Xu Y, Hong H, He Y. Membrane fouling caused by biological foams in a submerged membrane bioreactor: Mechanism insights. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115932. [PMID: 32454321 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Though sludge foaming often occurs and thus causes serious membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs), the fouling mechanisms related with the foaming phenomenon have not been well addressed, hindering better understanding and solving foaming problem. In this work, it was interestingly found that, the foulants during the foaming period possessed extremely high specific filtration resistance (SFR) (over 1016 m kg-1) and strong adhesion ability to membrane surface. Chemical characterization showed that the proteins (178.57 mg/L) and polysaccharides (209.21 mg/L) in the foaming sample were about 6.4 times and 5.4 times of those in the supernatant sample, suggesting existence of a mechanism permitting continuous production of these foulants in the MBR during the foaming period. It was revealed that the fouling caused by foams was associated with gel layer filtration process, and the extremely high SFR can be interpreted by chemical potential change in the gel filtration process depicted in Flory-Huggins theory. Meanwhile, analyses by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory showed that the strong adhesion ability stemmed from the high interaction energy between the foaming foulants and membrane surface. In addition, 16S rDNA gene sequencing identified that the abundance of the foaming related bacteria species in the sludge suspension during the foaming period was more than 10 times of that during the non-foaming period. This study offered new mechanism insights into foaming fouling in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Leihong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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38
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Meng S, Meng X, Fan W, Liang D, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu Y. The role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in membrane fouling: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115930. [PMID: 32470713 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) as gel-like particulate acidic polysaccharide have been commonly found in marine, surface water and wastewater. Currently, increasing interest has been devoted to TEP-associated membrane fouling in different membrane systems for water and wastewater treatment, thus this review attempts to provide a holistic view and critical analysis with regard to the definition, formation, detection and properties of TEP, which could ultimately determine its fouling potential. It appears that there is not a common consensus on the actual role of TEP in membrane fouling development due to the subjective definition and highly debatable detection method of TEP. It was clearly demonstrated in this review that the formation of TEP was largely related to cations in water and wastewater which indeed determined the cross-linking degree of precursor materials (e.g. polysaccharides) via intermolecular interactions, and subsequently the quantity of TEP formed. The binding between cations ions (e.g. monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations) and polysaccharide not only depends on the functional groups of polysaccharide, but also its spatial configuration. These in turn suggest that the formation, property and ultimate fouling potential of TEP would be closely related to the type and concentration of cations, while well explaining the controversial reports on TEP-associated fouling in the literature. In addition, the fouling mechanisms of TEP are also elucidated with details in this review, including (i) the formation of TEP-associated gel layer on membrane surface; (ii) carrying microorganisms to membrane surface via protobiofilm and (iii) trapping of deformable TEP in membrane pores. Consequently, it is apparent that TEP is an ignored determinant of membrane fouling, which has not yet been seriously addressed in the design and operation of membrane systems for water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xianghao Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dawei Liang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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39
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Fouling Mechanisms Analysis via Combined Fouling Models for Surface Water Ultrafiltration Process. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10070149. [PMID: 32664301 PMCID: PMC7407946 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is still the bottleneck affecting the technical and economic performance of the ultrafiltration (UF) process for the surface water treatment. It is very important to accurately understand fouling mechanisms to effectively prevent and control UF fouling. The rejection performance and fouling mechanisms of the UF membrane for raw and coagulated surface water treatment were investigated under the cycle operation of constant-pressure dead-end filtration and backwash. There was no significant difference in the UF permeate quality of raw and coagulated surface water. Coagulation mainly removed substances causing turbidity in raw surface water (including most suspended particles and a few organic colloids) and thus mitigated UF fouling effectively. Backwash showed limited fouling removal. For the UF process of both raw and coagulated surface water, the fittings using single models showed good linearity for multiple models mainly due to statistical illusions, while the fittings using combined models showed that only the combined complete blocking and cake layer model fitted well. The quantitative calculations showed that complete blocking was the main reason causing flux decline. Membrane fouling mechanism analysis based on combined models could provide theoretical supports to prevent and control UF fouling for surface water treatment.
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40
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Li R, Fan H, Shen L, Rao L, Tang J, Hu S, Lin H. Inkjet printing assisted fabrication of polyphenol-based coating membranes for oil/water separation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126236. [PMID: 32088617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
While polyphenol-based coating has been regarded as a promising alternative to functionalize membrane surface, it usually suffers from problems of low-efficient procedure and low utilization rate of the polyphenolic compounds, hindering its large-scale implementations. To solve these problems, this study provided a first report on inkjet printing of polyphenols (catechol (CA) or tannic acid (TA)) and sodium periodate (SP) on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to improve membrane performance. A series of analyses showed the efficient formation of homogenous films on the PVDF membrane surface and the improvement of hydrophilicity by the inkjet printing technique. The PVDF membranes decorated with the optimized polyphenolic coating exhibited a promising oil/water separation efficiency (higher than 99%) with a high average water permeation flux of 5.2 times higher than that of the pristine membrane. Meanwhile, the modified membranes illustrated a good stability under acidic conditions (pH = 2-7). The novel method proposed in this study is facile, cost-saving and environment-friendly. The advantages of the proposed method and the modified membranes demonstrated the great significance of the proposed method in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Hangxu Fan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Linhua Rao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Jiayi Tang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Sufei Hu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
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41
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Chakraborty S, Uppaluri R, Das C. Combinatorial optimality of membrane morphology and feedstock during microfiltration of bottle gourd juice. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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42
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Zheng L, Jiao Y, Zhong H, Zhang C, Wang J, Wei Y. Insight into the magnetic lime coagulation-membrane distillation process for desulfurization wastewater treatment: From pollutant removal feature to membrane fouling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122202. [PMID: 32036311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The high suspended solid (SS) and salts were main issues for flue gas desulfurization wastewater (FGDW). A magnetic lime coagulation (MLC)-membrane distillation (MD) integrated process was firstly applied with a self-made poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF-CTFE) membrane and the pollutants remove feature and membrane fouling were discussed. The SS was nearly 100 % removed and magnetic seed significantly accelerate the settleability. The flux was 43.00 kg/m2 h with a salt rejection >99 %. It was higher than 13 kg/m2 h in the first 125 h during the 18d continuous test, and the rejection for all cations, anions, total organic carbon (TOC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) were higher than 99.95 %, 99.00 %, 98.81 %, and 99.65 %, respectively. Humic substances and tryptophan with 100-5000 Da were main dissolved organic matter (DOM), which were significantly removed. However, membrane fouling and wetting happened after 150 h. Scaling was the main foulants, while the organic fouling and biofouling were also detected. A new "bricklaying model" was induced to depict the formation of foulant layer, the colloids, organic matters (OMs) and microbe communities act as the "concrete", while the inorganic crystals (magnesium and calcium oxysulphides) were the "bricks". This contribution offers a new method for FGDW treatment and the membrane fouling mechanism of MD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunyi Jiao
- Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Architecture and Construction, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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43
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Teng J, Shen L, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wu XL, He Y, Chen J, Lin H. Effects of molecular weight distribution of soluble microbial products (SMPs) on membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR): Novel mechanistic insights. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126013. [PMID: 32004890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While molecular weight distribution (MWD) is one of the most important properties of soluble microbial products (SMPs), mechanisms underlying effects of MWD of SMPs on membrane fouling have not well unveiled. In this study, it was found that, the supernatant of sludge suspension in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment can be fractionated into a series of SMPs samples with different molecular weight (MW) fraction. The real gel sample mainly formed by the rejected SMPs on membrane surface had a high specific filtration resistance (SFR) of 1.21 × 1016 m-1 kg-1. The SFR of SMPs samples and the model foulants of polyethylene glycol (PEG) increased with their MW. The change trend of SFR with MW cannot be sufficiently explained by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EMM) and chemical compositions. Tyndall effect analysis indicated that gelating ability of SMPs and PEG in the solution increased with their MW. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed gel structure changes with the PEG MW. Accordingly, mechanisms based on Carman-Kozeny equation and Flory-Huggins lattice theory were proposed to interpret SFR of SMPs with low and high MW, respectively. Simulating these two mechanistic models on PEG samples resulted in the comparable SFR data to the experimental ones, indicating the correctness and feasibility of the proposed mechanisms. The proposed mechanisms provided in-depth understanding of membrane fouling regarding MW, facilitating to develop effective membrane fouling mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Sun T, Liu Y, Shen L, Xu Y, Li R, Huang L, Lin H. Magnetic field assisted arrangement of photocatalytic TiO2 particles on membrane surface to enhance membrane antifouling performance for water treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:273-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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The role shifting of organic, inorganic and biological foulants along different positions of a two-stage nanofiltration process. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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You X, Teng J, Chen Y, Long Y, Yu G, Shen L, Lin H. New insights into membrane fouling by alginate: Impacts of ionic strength in presence of calcium ions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125801. [PMID: 31918105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While water chemistry (e.g., ionic strength, calcium concentration and organic foulants) is the primary property of surface water, its effects on membrane fouling in process of membrane-based water production and seawater pretreatment have not well investigated. In this study, fouling behaviors of alginate solutions in presence of different calcium ion concentration and ionic strength levels were investigated. It was found that alginate solutions complexing with 1.5 mM calcium possessed a remarkably high specific filtration resistance (SFR) (above 3.596 × 1015 m kg-1), and the SFR descended with calcium concentration and increased with ionic strength. A series of characterizations suggested that zeta potential, particle size, viscosity and morphology of alginate solutions were close related with foulant layer microstructure and these fouling behaviors. Based on these characterizations, the thermodynamics described by Flory-Huggins lattice theory was proposed to explain the remarkably high SFR of alginate gel for 1.5 mM calcium level. Meanwhile, preferential intermolecular coordination combined with Flory-Huggins lattice theory was suggested to be responsible for the descend trend of SFR with calcium concentration. Furthermore, electrostatic double layer compression effect together with Flory-Huggins lattice theory could well interpret the increase trend of SFR with ionic strength. This study provided the essential mechanisms underlying effects of ionic strength on alginate fouling in presence of calcium ions, and thus deepened understanding of membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujia You
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Ying Long
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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47
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Chen Y, Shen L, Li R, Xu X, Hong H, Lin H, Chen J. Quantification of interfacial energies associated with membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor by using BP and GRNN artificial neural networks. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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48
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Rao L, Tang J, Hu S, Shen L, Xu Y, Li R, Lin H. Inkjet printing assisted electroless Ni plating to fabricate nickel coated polypropylene membrane with improved performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:546-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Xu Y, Guo D, Li T, Xiao Y, Shen L, Li R, Jiao Y, Lin H. Manipulating the mussel-inspired co-deposition of tannic acid and amine for fabrication of nanofiltration membranes with an enhanced separation performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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In-situ coating TiO 2 surface by plant-inspired tannic acid for fabrication of thin film nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes toward enhanced separation and antibacterial performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 572:114-121. [PMID: 32234587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A major issue hindering development of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration (NF) membrane is the interfacial defects induced by nanomaterial aggregation in top layer. Although various nanomaterials surface modification strategies have been developed to eliminate the interfacial defects, they usually involve extra modification steps and complex post-treatments. Inspired by the substrate-independent coating ability of tannic acid (TA) and the fact that the phenolic hydroxyl groups in TA can react with acyl chloride group in trimesoyl chloride, a TA coating solution containing TiO2 nanoparticles was used as an aqueous phase of interfacial polymerization to prepare interfacial modified TFN NF membranes in this study. Surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles and interfacial polymerization can be carried out in a single step without any extra pre-modification step. It was found that the TA coating on TiO2 nanoparticles surface could decrease TiO2 aggregations and enhance interfacial compatibility between TiO2 and polyester matrix. The TFN NF membrane prepared at a TiO2 loading of 0.020 wt% exhibited a pure water flux of 28.8 L m-2 h-1 (284% higher than that of the controlled TFC membrane), and possessed enhanced NaCl and Na2SO4 rejections of 57.9% and 94.6%, respectively, breaking through the trade-off between permeability and selectivity.
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