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Assefa M, Gepfert A, Zaheer M, Hum JM, Skinner BW. Casimersen (AMONDYS 45™): An Antisense Oligonucleotide for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:912. [PMID: 38672266 PMCID: PMC11048227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Casimersen (AMONDYS 45TM) is an antisense oligonucleotide of the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer subclass developed by Sarepta therapeutics. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in February 2021 to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients whose DMD gene mutation is amenable to exon 45 skipping. Administered intravenously, casimersen binds to the pre-mRNA of the DMD gene to skip a mutated region of an exon, thereby producing an internally truncated yet functional dystrophin protein in DMD patients. This is essential in maintaining the structure of a myocyte membrane. While casimersen is currently continuing in phase III of clinical trials in various countries, it was granted approval by the FDA under the accelerated approval program due to its observed increase in dystrophin production. This article discusses the pathophysiology of DMD, summarizes available treatments thus far, and provides a full drug review of casimersen (AMONDYS 45TM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milyard Assefa
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Addison Gepfert
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; (A.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Meesam Zaheer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA; (A.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Julia M. Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Brian W. Skinner
- Division of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA;
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Cedillo-Servin G, Dahri O, Meneses J, van Duijn J, Moon H, Sage F, Silva J, Pereira A, Magalhães FD, Malda J, Geijsen N, Pinto AM, Castilho M. 3D Printed Magneto-Active Microfiber Scaffolds for Remote Stimulation and Guided Organization of 3D In Vitro Skeletal Muscle Models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307178. [PMID: 37950402 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the rational design and fabrication of magneto-active microfiber meshes with controlled hexagonal microstructures via melt electrowriting (MEW) of a magnetized polycaprolactone-based composite. In situ iron oxide nanoparticle deposition on oxidized graphene yields homogeneously dispersed magnetic particles with sizes above 0.5 µm and low aspect ratio, preventing cellular internalization and toxicity. With these fillers, homogeneous magnetic composites with high magnetic content (up to 20 weight %) are obtained and processed in a solvent-free manner for the first time. MEW of magnetic composites enabled the creation of skeletal muscle-inspired design of hexagonal scaffolds with tunable fiber diameter, reconfigurable modularity, and zonal distribution of magneto-active and nonactive material, with elastic tensile deformability. External magnetic fields below 300 mT are sufficient to trigger out-of-plane reversible deformation. In vitro culture of C2C12 myoblasts on three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel/collagen/MEW scaffolds showed that microfibers guided the formation of 3D myotube architectures, and the presence of magnetic particles does not significantly affect viability or differentiation rates after 8 days. Centimeter-sized skeletal muscle constructs allowed for reversible, continued, and dynamic magneto-mechanical stimulation. Overall, these innovative microfiber scaffolds provide magnetically deformable platforms suitable for dynamic culture of skeletal muscle, offering potential for in vitro disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cedillo-Servin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Ouafa Dahri
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
- Leiden Node, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - João Meneses
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Joost van Duijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Harrison Moon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Sage
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
- Leiden Node, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - André Pereira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Fernão D Magalhães
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
- Leiden Node, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Artur M Pinto
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
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Broomfield J, Abrams K, Latimer N, Guglieri M, Rutherford M, Crowther M. Natural history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the United Kingdom: A descriptive study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3331. [PMID: 37957895 PMCID: PMC10726817 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, muscle-degenerative disease predominantly affecting males. Natural history models capture the full disease pathway under current care and combine with estimates of new interventions' effects to assess cost-effectiveness by health technology decision-makers. These models require mortality estimates throughout a patient's lifetime, but rare disease datasets typically contain relatively few patients with short follow-ups. Alternative (published) sources of mortality data may therefore be required. METHODS The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) was evaluated as a source of mortality and natural history data for future economic evaluations of health technologies for DMD and rare diseases in general in the UK population. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study provides flexible parametric estimates of mortality rates and survival probabilities in the current UK DMD population through primary/secondary records in the CPRD since 1990. It also investigates clinically significant milestones such as corticosteroid use, spinal surgery, and cardiomyopathy in these patients. RESULTS A total of 1121 male patients were included in the study, observed from 0.7 to 48.9 years. Median life expectancy was 25.64 years (95% confidence interval 24.73, 26.47), consistent with previous global estimates. This has improved to 26.47 (25.16, 27.89) years in patients born after 1990. The median ages at corticosteroid initiation, spinal surgery, ventilation, and cardiomyopathy diagnosis were 6.06 years (5.77, 6.29), 14.79 years (14.29, 15.09), 16.97 years (16.50, 18.31), and 15.26 years (14.22, 16.70), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Estimates of mortality in UK-based DMD patients are age-specific in a uniquely large and nationally representative sample from the CPRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Abrams
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Centre for Health EconomicsUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Nick Latimer
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHSNewcastleUK
| | - Mark Rutherford
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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Peng J, Zou WW, Wang XL, Zhang ZG, Huo R, Yang L. Viral-mediated gene therapy in pediatric neurological disorders. World J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s12519-022-00669-4. [PMID: 36607547 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the broad application of next-generation sequencing, the molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders in pediatric neurology is no longer an unachievable goal. However, treatments for neurological genetic disorders in children remain primarily symptomatic. On the other hand, with the continuous evolution of therapeutic viral vectors, gene therapy is becoming a clinical reality. From this perspective, we wrote this review to illustrate the current state regarding viral-mediated gene therapy in childhood neurological disorders. DATA SOURCES We searched databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, using the keywords "adenovirus vector," "lentivirus vector," and "AAV" for gene therapy, and "immunoreaction induced by gene therapy vectors," "administration routes of gene therapy vectors," and "gene therapy" with "NCL," "SMA," "DMD," "congenital myopathy," "MPS" "leukodystrophy," or "pediatric metabolic disorders". We also screened the database of ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords "gene therapy for children" and then filtered the results with the ones aimed at neurological disorders. The time range of the search procedure was from the inception of the databases to the present. RESULTS We presented the characteristics of commonly used viral vectors for gene therapy for pediatric neurological disorders and summarized their merits and drawbacks, the administration routes of each vector, the research progress, and the clinical application status of viral-mediated gene therapy on pediatric neurological disorders. CONCLUSIONS Viral-mediated gene therapy is on the brink of broad clinical application. Viral-mediated gene therapy will dramatically change the treatment pattern of childhood neurological disorders, and many children with incurable diseases will meet the dawn of a cure. Nevertheless, the vectors must be optimized for better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center for Chidren Neurodevelopmental disablities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center for Chidren Neurodevelopmental disablities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Kaplan KM, Morgan KG. The importance of dystrophin and the dystrophin associated proteins in vascular smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1059021. [PMID: 36505053 PMCID: PMC9732661 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1059021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review details the role of dystrophin and the dystrophin associated proteins (DAPs) in the vascular smooth muscle. Dystrophin is most comprehensively studied in the skeletal muscle due to serious symptoms found related to the skeletal muscle of patients with muscular dystrophy. Mutations in the dystrophin gene, or DAPs genes, result in a wide range of muscular dystrophies. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin is known to act to as a cytoskeletal stabilization protein and protects cells against contraction-induced damage. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin stabilizes the plasma membrane by transmitting forces generated by sarcomeric contraction to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dystrophin is a scaffold that binds the dystroglycan complex (DGC) and has many associated proteins (DAPs). These DAPs include sarcoglycans, syntrophins, dystroglycans, dystrobrevin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and caveolins. The DAPs provide biomechanical support to the skeletal or cardiac plasma membrane during contraction, and loss of one or several of these DAPs leads to plasma membrane fragility. Dystrophin is expressed near the plasma membrane of all muscles, including cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, and some neurons. Dystrophic mice have noted biomechanical irregularities in the carotid arteries and spontaneous motor activity in portal vein altered when compared to wild type mice. Additionally, some studies suggest the vasculature of patients and animal models with muscular dystrophy is abnormal. Although the function of dystrophin and the DAPs in vascular smooth muscle is not thoroughly established in the field, this review makes the point that these proteins are expressed, and important and further study is warranted.
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Ulm EA, Nagaraj CB, Tian C, Smolarek TA. Identification of Biallelic dystrophin gene variants during maternal carrier testing for Becker muscular dystrophy and review of the DMD exon 49-51 deletion phenotype. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 11:e2088. [PMID: 36424846 PMCID: PMC9834199 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystrophinopathies are X-linked recessive conditions caused by pathogenic variants in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. In a family that included two boys with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) due to a DMD deletion of exons 45-47, maternal carrier testing unexpectedly identified biallelic DMD deletions of exons 45-47 and 49-51. METHODS The patient's mild phenotype in the setting of biallelic DMD variants prompted further investigation of the exon 49-51 deletion in particular, via literature review and retrospective chart review of patients who have been evaluated in our institution's comprehensive neuromuscular center and/or diagnosed in our clinical genetic testing laboratory. RESULTS To our knowledge, this is only the fifth case of confirmed biallelic DMD variants in a female. In males, the DMD exon 49-51 deletion appears to result in a mild BMD phenotype with low or normal creatine kinase levels. This deletion comprised 19% (4/21) of dystrophinopathies diagnosed by chromosomal microarray (CMA) in males during the past ten years in our clinical laboratory. Most individuals identified by chart review were diagnosed through CMA, despite the fact that microarray was genome-wide and not DMD-specific. This case raised important genetic counseling issues. CONCLUSION The DMD exon 49-51 deletion appears to cause a variable but generally mild BMD phenotype. Its relatively frequent detection by CMA suggests it may be underdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Ulm
- Division of Human GeneticsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Chinmayee B. Nagaraj
- Division of Human GeneticsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA,Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Cuixia Tian
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA,Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati School of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Teresa A. Smolarek
- Division of Human GeneticsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA,Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati School of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Szűcs Z, Pinti É, Haltrich I, Szén OP, Nagy T, Barta E, Méhes G, Bidiga L, Török O, Ujfalusi A, Koczok K, Balogh I. An Ultra-Rare Manifestation of an X-Linked Recessive Disorder: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in a Female Patient. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113076. [PMID: 36361862 PMCID: PMC9655586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited muscle dystrophy. Patients are characterized by muscle weakness, gross motor delay, and elevated serum creatinine kinase (CK) levels. The disease is caused by mutations in the DMD gene located on the X chromosome. Due to the X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, DMD most commonly affects males, who are generally diagnosed between the age of 3–5 years. Here we present an ultra-rare manifestation of DMD in a female patient. Cytogenetic examination showed that she has a t(X;10)(p21.1;p12.1) translocation, which turned out to affect the DMD gene with one of the breakpoints located in exon 54 (detected by genome sequencing). The X-inactivation test revealed skewed X-inactivation (ratio 99:1). Muscle histology and dystrophin immunohistochemistry showed severe dystrophic changes and highly reduced dystrophin expression, respectively. These results, in accordance with the clinical picture and a highly elevated serum CK, led to the diagnosis of DMD. In conclusion, although in very rare cases, DMD can manifest in female patients as well. In this case, a balanced X-autosome reciprocal translocation disrupts the DMD gene and skewed X-inactivation leads to the manifestation of the DMD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Szűcs
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Pinti
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Irén Haltrich
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Pálné Szén
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genome Analysis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Barta
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genome Analysis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bidiga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Olga Török
- Medical and Health Science Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Ujfalusi
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Koczok
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (I.B.)
| | - István Balogh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (I.B.)
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Migliore BA, Zhou L, Duparc M, Robles VR, Rehder CW, Peay HL, Kucera KS. Evaluation of the GSP Creatine Kinase-MM Assay and Assessment of CK-MM Stability in Newborn, Patient, and Contrived Dried Blood Spots for Newborn Screening for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Neonatal Screen 2022; 8:ijns8010012. [PMID: 35225934 PMCID: PMC8883886 DOI: 10.3390/ijns8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked disorder with a birth prevalence of 19.8:100,000 males worldwide. Elevated concentration of the muscle enzyme creatine kinase-MM (CK-MM) allows for presymptomatic screening of newborns using Dried Blood Spots (DBS). We evaluated imprecision and carryover of the FDA-approved PerkinElmer GSP Neonatal CK-MM kit over multiple runs, days, and operators, followed by quantification of CK-MM loss in stored newborn, contrived, and non-newborn patient DBS resulting from exposure to ambient versus low humidity (50-day trial), and high humidity and high temperature (8-day trial). Imprecision %CV was ≤14% for all verification comparisons and over 6 months of testing. On average, the mean CK-MM recovery after 50 days was >80% of initial concentration for all sample types stored in low humidity and <80% in ambient humidity. After 8 days of storage in high humidity and high temperature, the mean recovery for newborn samples was <80%. Verification results for the GSP Neonatal CK-MM assay were concordant with kit parameters and the assay performed consistently over 6 months. CK-MM degradation in ambient storage can be mitigated by reducing exposure to humidity. Assessment of DBS shipping and storage conditions is recommended prior to implementing DMD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Migliore
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (B.A.M.); (L.Z.); (M.D.); (V.R.R.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Linran Zhou
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (B.A.M.); (L.Z.); (M.D.); (V.R.R.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Martin Duparc
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (B.A.M.); (L.Z.); (M.D.); (V.R.R.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Veronica R. Robles
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (B.A.M.); (L.Z.); (M.D.); (V.R.R.); (H.L.P.)
| | | | - Holly L. Peay
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (B.A.M.); (L.Z.); (M.D.); (V.R.R.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Katerina S. Kucera
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (B.A.M.); (L.Z.); (M.D.); (V.R.R.); (H.L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(919)-541-6000
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Rare Neurological Diseases: an Overreview of Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Pharmacoeconomic Considerations in the Treating. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rare diseases (RD) are serious chronic diseases affecting small number of people compared to the general population. There are between 6000 and 8000 RDs, which affect about 400 million people worldwide. Drugs used for causal treatment of RDs are called orphan drugs. RDs bear great clinical and economic burden for patients, their families, healthcare systems and society overall. There are at least two reasons for the high cost of treatment of RDs. First, there is no causal therapy for majority of RDs, so exacerbations, complications, and hospitalizations in those patients are common. The second reason is high price of available orphan drugs, which are not cost-effective when traditional pharmacoeconomic evaluation is employed. The pharmacoeconomic aspect of the treatment of RDs is especially important in the field of neurology, since at least one fifth of all RDs is composed of neurological conditions. The aim of this paper was to provide a concise overview of the pathophysiological, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of some of the most important and common rare neurological diseases, with special reference to their impact on society and economy.
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Liu Y, Ren J, Zhang R, Hu S, Pang SW, Lam RHW. Spreading and Migration of Nasopharyngeal Normal and Cancer Cells on Microgratings. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3224-3231. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jifeng Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Shuhuan Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong China
| | - Stella W. Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond H. W. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Starosta A, Konieczny P. Therapeutic aspects of cell signaling and communication in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4867-4891. [PMID: 33825942 PMCID: PMC8233280 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating chromosome X-linked disease that manifests predominantly in progressive skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunctions in the heart and diaphragm. Approximately 1/5000 boys and 1/50,000,000 girls suffer from DMD, and to date, the disease is incurable and leads to premature death. This phenotypic severity is due to mutations in the DMD gene, which result in the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Initially, dystrophin was thought to be a force transducer; however, it is now considered an essential component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), viewed as a multicomponent mechanical scaffold and a signal transduction hub. Modulating signal pathway activation or gene expression through epigenetic modifications has emerged at the forefront of therapeutic approaches as either an adjunct or stand-alone strategy. In this review, we propose a broader perspective by considering DMD to be a disease that affects myofibers and muscle stem (satellite) cells, as well as a disorder in which abrogated communication between different cell types occurs. We believe that by taking this systemic view, we can achieve safe and holistic treatments that can restore correct signal transmission and gene expression in diseased DMD tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Starosta
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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Rugowska A, Starosta A, Konieczny P. Epigenetic modifications in muscle regeneration and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:13. [PMID: 33468200 PMCID: PMC7814631 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a multisystemic disorder that affects 1:5000 boys. The severity of the phenotype varies dependent on the mutation site in the DMD gene and the resultant dystrophin expression profile. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin loss is associated with the disintegration of myofibers and their ineffective regeneration due to defective expansion and differentiation of the muscle stem cell pool. Some of these phenotypic alterations stem from the dystrophin absence-mediated serine-threonine protein kinase 2 (MARK2) misplacement/downregulation in activated muscle stem (satellite) cells and neuronal nitric oxide synthase loss in cells committed to myogenesis. Here, we trace changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs during muscle regeneration, from the stage of satellite cells to myofibers. Furthermore, we describe the abrogation of these epigenetic regulatory processes due to changes in signal transduction in DMD and point to therapeutic treatments increasing the regenerative potential of diseased muscles based on this acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rugowska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Starosta
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Podkalicka P, Mucha O, Dulak J, Loboda A. Targeting angiogenesis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1507-1528. [PMID: 30770952 PMCID: PMC6439152 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) represents one of the most devastating types of muscular dystrophies which affect boys already at early childhood. Despite the fact that the primary cause of the disease, namely the lack of functional dystrophin is known already for more than 30 years, DMD still remains an incurable disease. Thus, an enormous effort has been made during recent years to reveal novel mechanisms that could provide therapeutic targets for DMD, especially because glucocorticoids treatment acts mostly symptomatic and exerts many side effects, whereas the effectiveness of genetic approaches aiming at the restoration of functional dystrophin is under the constant debate. Taking into account that dystrophin expression is not restricted to muscle cells, but is present also in, e.g., endothelial cells, alterations in angiogenesis process have been proposed to have a significant impact on DMD progression. Indeed, already before the discovery of dystrophin, several abnormalities in blood vessels structure and function have been revealed, suggesting that targeting angiogenesis could be beneficial in DMD. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the angiogenesis status both in animal models of DMD as well as in DMD patients, focusing on different organs as well as age- and sex-dependent effects. Moreover, we will critically discuss some approaches such as modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor or nitric oxide related pathways, to enhance angiogenesis and attenuate the dystrophic phenotype. Additionally, we will suggest the potential role of other mediators, such as heme oxygenase-1 or statins in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Podkalicka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Mucha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Loboda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Aartsma-Rus A, Hegde M, Ben-Omran T, Buccella F, Ferlini A, Gallano P, Howell RR, Leturcq F, Martin AS, Potulska-Chromik A, Saute JA, Schmidt WM, Sejersen T, Tuffery-Giraud S, Uyguner ZO, Witcomb LA, Yau S, Nelson SF. Evidence-Based Consensus and Systematic Review on Reducing the Time to Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Pediatr 2019; 204:305-313.e14. [PMID: 30579468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Madhuri Hegde
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine/School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology/Perkin Elmer Genetics, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Pia Gallano
- U705 CIBERER, Servei de Genetica, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - France Leturcq
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ann S Martin
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | - Jonas A Saute
- Medical Genetics and Neurology Services, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre/Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang M Schmidt
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Sejersen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute/Astrid Lindgrens Barnsjukhus, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Tuffery-Giraud
- Laboratory of Rare Genetic Diseases (LGMR), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Shu Yau
- Viapath Analytics, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
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Yu H, Chen YC, Liu GL, Wu ZY. A De novo Mutation in Dystrophin Causing Muscular Dystrophy in a Female Patient. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:2273-2278. [PMID: 28937030 PMCID: PMC5634074 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.215338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are X-linked recessive neuromuscular diseases resulting from dystrophin (DMD) gene mutations. It has been known that the carrier of DMD mutations may also have symptoms of the disease. While de novo mutation is quite common in BMD/DMD patients, it is rarely reported in the female carriers. Methods: Two sporadic Chinese patients with progressive muscular dystrophy and their familial members were recruited. The targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the multiplex ligation-dependent probe analysis (MLPA) were performed in the proband. Blood tests, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and electromyography were also evaluated. Results: Two novel mutations of DMD gene were identified, c.7318C>T (p.Q2440*) in the male proband and c.4983dupA (p.A1662Sfs*24) in the female carrier. The MLPA analysis did not detect any large rearrangements. The haplotype analysis indicated that the two mutations were derived from de novo mutagenesis. Conclusions: We identified two novel de novo mutations of DMD gene in two Chinese pedigrees, one of which caused a female patient with muscular dystrophy. The mutational analysis is important for DMD patients and carriers in the absence of a family history. The NGS can help detect the mutations in MLPA-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yu-Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Gong-Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
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Nozoe KT, Kim LJ, Polesel DN, Hirotsu C, Souza ALD, Hachul H, Tufik SB, Tufik S, Andersen ML, Moreira GA. Sleep pattern and spectral analysis of caregiver-mothers of sons with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and an examination of differences between carriers and non-carriers. Sleep Med 2017; 32:114-121. [PMID: 28366322 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep is essential for physical and mental well-being. However, poor sleep is a common complaint among caregivers. The aim of the present study was to determine sleep patterns of caregiver-mothers (CM group) of sons with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and also to examine the differences between non-carriers and carriers of the gene related to DMD within the CM group. METHODS Observational case-control study. PARTICIPANTS The CM and control (CTRL) groups were matched for age, body mass index and social class. Polysomnography was conducted in a sleep laboratory for one night. The discrete fast Fourier transformation method was used to calculate the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum for the entire night and sleep stages. RESULTS The CM group presented higher sleep latency and N3 sleep stage compared with the CTRL. When carrier and non-carrier CM subgroups were analyzed, increased sleep latency and time awake, as well as reduced sleep efficiency and N2, were observed in the carrier group. Regarding respiratory parameters, carriers demonstrated higher hypopnea index values compared with non-carriers. Spectral analysis showed that carriers compared with non-carrier DMD caregiver-mothers presented lower spectral power in fast waves, mainly beta, during REM sleep in some EEG derivations. CONCLUSIONS There was an impairment of sleep pattern in the CM group compared with CTRL mothers; this was possibly associated with difficulty in initiating sleep. Being a DMD gene carrying caregiver further compromised some aspects of sleep microstructure during REM sleep. The data demonstrated the importance of sleep evaluation in caregiver-mothers, and the relationship between sleep and being a carrier of the gene associated with DMD, which was demonstrated as possibly impacting sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tieme Nozoe
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lenise Jihe Kim
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Hirotsu
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Altay Lino de Souza
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Hachul
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Casa de Saúde Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Brasil Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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