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Xu X, Wei F, Xiao L, Wu R, Wei B, Huang S, Yi J, Cui W. High proportion of circulating CD8 + CD28- senescent T cells is an independent predictor of distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal canrcinoma after radiotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:64. [PMID: 36721233 PMCID: PMC9887944 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a kind of epithelial carcinoma that is common in East and Southeast Asia. Distant metastasis after radiotherapy remains the main cause of treatment failure and preradiotherapy immune system function can influence prognosis. Our study aimed to identify immune-related prognostic factors for NPC after radiotherapy and establish a prognostic model to predict progression-free survival (PFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). METHODS We enrolled NPC patients and divided them into training and validation cohorts with follow-up. We collected clinical information and investigated immune cells, EBV DNA and cytokines in the peripheral blood of NPC patients before radiotherapy and EBV DNA after radiotherapy. Among these immune cells, we included CD8+CD28- T cells, which are a unique T-cell immunosenescent subset that increases in human peripheral blood with increasing age and declining immune function. Based on the detection results and clinical information, we utilized Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to screen the PFS and DMFS prognostic factors and build nomograms to predict the PFS and DMFS of NPC. We also verified the results in the validation set. RESULTS Three factors associated with PFS were selected: proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells posttreatment EBV and N stage. Three factors associated with DMFS were screened: proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells, posttreatment EBV and N stage. CD8+CD28- T cells are correlated with systemic inflammation and posttreatment immunosuppression. The C-indexes were 0.735 and 0.745 in the training and validation cohorts for predicting PFS. For DMFS, the C-indexes were 0.793 and 0.774 in the training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells is a candidate prognostic biomarker for NPC after radiotherapy. The constructed nomogram models based on CD8+CD28- T cells have good predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Xu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Fangze Wei
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Lin Xiao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Runye Wu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Baojun Wei
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Shengkai Huang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Junlin Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Wei X, Li C, Zhang Y, Li K, Li J, Ai K, Li K, Zhang J, Yang J. Fish NF‐κB couples TCR and IL‐17 signals to regulate ancestral T‐cell immune response against bacterial infection. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21457. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002393rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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Vokali E, Yu SS, Hirosue S, Rinçon-Restrepo M, V Duraes F, Scherer S, Corthésy-Henrioud P, Kilarski WW, Mondino A, Zehn D, Hugues S, Swartz MA. Lymphatic endothelial cells prime naïve CD8 + T cells into memory cells under steady-state conditions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 31988323 PMCID: PMC6985113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) chemoattract naïve T cells and promote their survival in the lymph nodes, and can cross-present antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells to drive their proliferation despite lacking key costimulatory molecules. However, the functional consequence of LEC priming of CD8+ T cells is unknown. Here, we show that while many proliferating LEC-educated T cells enter early apoptosis, the remainders comprise a long-lived memory subset, with transcriptional, metabolic, and phenotypic features of central memory and stem cell-like memory T cells. In vivo, these memory cells preferentially home to lymph nodes and display rapid proliferation and effector differentiation following memory recall, and can protect mice against a subsequent bacterial infection. These findings introduce a new immunomodulatory role for LECs in directly generating a memory-like subset of quiescent yet antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells that are long-lived and can rapidly differentiate into effector cells upon inflammatory antigenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Vokali
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shann S Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rinçon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda V Duraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Witold W Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
Following activation, CD8 T cells transition from reliance on mitochondrial respiration to increasing utilization of aerobic glycolysis. After the effector phase, however, reversion to mitochondrial metabolism is pivotal generating memory CD8 T cells. We recently showed that sensing of extracellular ATP (eATP) through the receptor P2RX7 is crucial for both production and the long-term survival of memory CD8 T cells, evidently through promoting mitochondrial maintenance. Unexpectedly, these results indicated that sustained P2RX7 activation is required for memory CD8 T cell homeostasis, suggesting constant exposure to eATP, in contrast with the proposed role of eATP as an acute "danger" signal released by dying cells. Active release through transmembrane channels is another path for eATP export. Indeed, CD8 T cells express Pannexin 1 (Panx1) which has a reported eATP release function in vitro and is itself induced by P2RX7 and/or TCR engagement. Such a role for Panx1 could potentially provide a feed-forward mechanism for cell-autonomous P2RX7 signaling. This model envisages that memory CD8 T cells maintain themselves at the cost of reduced intracellular ATP levels, which at first glance would seem to be detrimental for sustained T cell maintenance. On the other hand, the need to tightly regulate levels of intracellular ATP may be critical for the durability and adaptability of memory CD8 T cells, hence engagement of the P2RX7/Panx1 axis may allow these cells to fine tune their metabolic status to meet changing demands. In this Perspective, we discuss how this pathway may influence memory T cell maintenance.
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Unexpected positive control of NFκB and miR-155 by DGKα and ζ ensures effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:33744-64. [PMID: 27014906 PMCID: PMC5085116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signals from the T-cell receptor (TCR) and γ-chain cytokine receptors play crucial roles in initiating activation and effector/memory differentiation of CD8 T-cells. We report here that simultaneous deletion of both diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) α and ζ (DKO) severely impaired expansion of CD8 effector T cells and formation of memory CD8 T-cells after Listeria monocytogenes infection. Moreover, ablation of both DGKα and ζ in preformed memory CD8 T-cells triggered death and impaired homeostatic proliferation of these cells. DKO CD8 T-cells were impaired in priming due to decreased expression of chemokine receptors and migration to the draining lymph nodes. Moreover, DKO CD8 T-cells were unexpectedly defective in NFκB-mediated miR-155 transcript, leading to excessive SOCS1 expression and impaired γ-chain cytokine signaling. Our data identified a DGK-NFκB-miR-155-SOCS1 axis that bridges TCR and γ-chain cytokine signaling for robust CD8 T-cell primary and memory responses to bacterial infection.
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Jandus C, Usatorre AM, Viganò S, Zhang L, Romero P. The Vast Universe of T Cell Diversity: Subsets of Memory Cells and Their Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1514:1-17. [PMID: 27787788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6548-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor confers specificity for antigen recognition to T cells. By the first encounter with the cognate antigen, reactive T cells initiate a program of expansion and differentiation that will define not only the ultimate quantity of specific cells that will be generated, but more importantly their quality and functional heterogeneity. Recent achievements using mouse model infection systems have helped to shed light into the complex network of factors that dictate and sustain memory T cell differentiation, ranging from antigen load, TCR signal strength, metabolic fitness, transcriptional programs, and proliferative potential. The different models of memory T cell differentiation are discussed in this chapter, and key phenotypic and functional attributes of memory T cell subsets are presented, both for mouse and human cells. Therapeutic manipulation of memory T cell generation is expected to provide novel unique ways to optimize current immunotherapies, both in infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Jandus
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Amaia Martínez Usatorre
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Selena Viganò
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Romero P, Banchereau J, Bhardwaj N, Cockett M, Disis ML, Dranoff G, Gilboa E, Hammond SA, Hershberg R, Korman AJ, Kvistborg P, Melief C, Mellman I, Palucka AK, Redchenko I, Robins H, Sallusto F, Schenkelberg T, Schoenberger S, Sosman J, Türeci Ö, Van den Eynde B, Koff W, Coukos G. The Human Vaccines Project: A roadmap for cancer vaccine development. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:334ps9. [PMID: 27075624 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine development has been vigorously pursued for 40 years. Immunity to tumor antigens can be elicited by most vaccines tested, but their clinical efficacy remains modest. We argue that a concerted international effort is necessary to understand the human antitumor immune response and achieve clinically effective cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research at University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Mary L Disis
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109-4714, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Robert Hershberg
- Celgene Immuno-Oncology Center of Excellence, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Alan J Korman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Biologics Discovery California, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Melief
- ISA Pharmaceuticals & Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - A Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA. Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | | | - Harlan Robins
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen Schoenberger
- Center for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology & UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sosman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Özlem Türeci
- CI3 Cluster for Individualized Immunotherapy, Kupferbergterasse 17-19, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels branch, Brussels, BRU 1200, Belgium. Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium. University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Wayne Koff
- International AIDS Vaccines Initiative, 125 Broad Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Cancer Research at University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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8
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Pita-López ML, Pera A, Solana R. Adaptive Memory of Human NK-like CD8 + T-Cells to Aging, and Viral and Tumor Antigens. Front Immunol 2016; 7:616. [PMID: 28066426 PMCID: PMC5165258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK)-like CD8+ T-cells are singular T-cells that express both T and NK cell markers such as CD56; their frequencies depend on their differentiation and activation during their lifetime. There is evidence of the presence of these innate CD8+ T-cells in the human umbilical cord, highlighting the necessity of investigating whether the NK-like CD8+ T-cells arise in the early stages of life (gestation). Based on the presence of cell surface markers, these cells have also been referred to as CD8+KIR+ T-cells, innate CD8+ T-cells, CD8+CD28−KIR+ T-cells or NKT-like CD8+CD56+ cells. However, the functional and co-signaling significance of these NK cell receptors on NK-like CD8+ T-cells is less clear. Also, the diverse array of costimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors are spatially and temporally regulated and may have distinct overlapping functions on NK-like CD8+ T-cell priming, activation, differentiation, and memory responses associated with different cell phenotypes. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the functional properties and phenotypic characterization of human NK-like CD8+ T-cells. Environmental factors, such as aging, autoimmunity, inflammation, viral antigen re-exposure, or the presence of persistent tumor antigens have been shown to allow differentiation (“adaptation”) of the NK-like CD8+ T-cells; the elucidation of this differentiation process and a greater understanding of the characteristics of these cells could be important for their eventual in potential therapeutic applications aimed at improving protective immunity. This review will attempt to elucidate an understanding of the characteristics of these cells with the goal toward their eventual use in potential therapeutic applications aimed at improving protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Pita-López
- Research Center in Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases (CIBIMEC), CUSUR University of Guadalajara , Guzmán , Mexico
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Clinical Division, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
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9
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Sridhar S. Heterosubtypic T-Cell Immunity to Influenza in Humans: Challenges for Universal T-Cell Influenza Vaccines. Front Immunol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 27242800 PMCID: PMC4871858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a significant global health issue causing annual epidemics, pandemics, and sporadic human infections with highly pathogenic avian or swine influenza viruses. Current inactivated and live vaccines are the mainstay of the public health response to influenza, although vaccine efficacy is lower against antigenically distinct viral strains. The first pandemic of the twenty-first century underlined the urgent need to develop new vaccines capable of protecting against a broad range of influenza strains. Such “universal” influenza vaccines are based on the idea of heterosubtypic immunity, wherein immune responses to epitopes conserved across IAV strains can confer protection against subsequent infection and disease. T-cells recognizing conserved antigens are a key contributor in reducing viral load and limiting disease severity during heterosubtypic infection in animal models. Recent studies undertaken during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic provided key insights into the role of cross-reactive T-cells in mediating heterosubtypic protection in humans. This review focuses on human influenza to discuss the epidemiological observations that underpin cross-protective immunity, the role of T-cells as key players in mediating heterosubtypic immunity including recent data from natural history cohort studies and the ongoing clinical development of T-cell-inducing universal influenza vaccines. The challenges and knowledge gaps for developing vaccines to generate long-lived protective T-cell responses is discussed.
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Zhang L, Tschumi BO, Lopez-Mejia IC, Oberle SG, Meyer M, Samson G, Rüegg MA, Hall MN, Fajas L, Zehn D, Mach JP, Donda A, Romero P. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Controls CD8 T Cell Memory Differentiation in a Foxo1-Dependent Manner. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1206-1217. [PMID: 26804903 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon infection, antigen-specific naive CD8 T cells are activated and differentiate into short-lived effector cells (SLECs) and memory precursor cells (MPECs). The underlying signaling pathways remain largely unresolved. We show that Rictor, the core component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), regulates SLEC and MPEC commitment. Rictor deficiency favors memory formation and increases IL-2 secretion capacity without dampening effector functions. Moreover, mTORC2-deficient memory T cells mount more potent recall responses. Enhanced memory formation in the absence of mTORC2 was associated with Eomes and Tcf-1 upregulation, repression of T-bet, enhanced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, and fatty acid oxidation. This transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming is mainly driven by nuclear stabilization of Foxo1. Silencing of Foxo1 reversed the increased MPEC differentiation and IL-2 production and led to an impaired recall response of Rictor KO memory T cells. Therefore, mTORC2 is a critical regulator of CD8 T cell differentiation and may be an important target for immunotherapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Zhang
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin O Tschumi
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marten Meyer
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guerric Samson
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alena Donda
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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