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Perowne R, Rowe S, Gutman LM. Understanding and Defining Young People's Involvement and Under-Representation in Mental Health Research: A Delphi Study. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14102. [PMID: 38872473 PMCID: PMC11176595 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mental health of young people (aged 16-25 years) is a growing public health concern in the United Kingdom due to the increasing numbers of young people experiencing mental health difficulties, with many not in contact with mental health services. To design services that meet the needs of all young people, a diversity of young people must be involved in mental health research, beyond being participants. This Delphi study aimed to identify different types of 'involvement' and to define and describe 'under-representation' in young people's involvement in mental health research. METHODS Twenty-seven experts in young people's mental health research completed a series of online questionnaires. The experts were academic researchers, patient and public involvement (PPI) professionals and young 'experts by experience'. Round 1 generated panellists' views on 'involvement' and 'under-representation'. Round 2 summarised panellists' responses from Round 1 and sought consensus (minimum 70% agreement) in nine question areas. Round 3 validated the findings of the previous rounds. RESULTS Consensus was achieved in eight out of nine areas, resulting in a matrix (with definitions) of the different types of young people's involvement in mental health research, from being advisors to involvement ambassadors. The findings generated an agreed-upon definition of under-representation, an identification of when in the research process there is under-representation and the characteristics of the young people who are under-represented. Experts further agreed on demographic data that should be collected to improve reporting on involvement. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to our understanding of involvement and under-representation in the context of young people's mental health research through expert consensus. It provides a practical resource for researchers considering involving young people in the research process and suggests the data that should be collected to improve reporting on the diversity of the young people involved. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION A research oversight group of five young people advised on this study. They contributed throughout the project-from endorsing the research question to commenting on the findings and dissemination. Two of the group reviewed all participant materials and piloted the initial questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Perowne
- UCL Centre for Behaviour Change, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Rowe
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leslie Morrison Gutman
- UCL Centre for Behaviour Change, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Warraitch A, Wacker C, Biju S, Lee M, Bruce D, Curran P, Khraisha Q, Hadfield K. Positive Impacts of Adolescent Involvement in Health Research: An Umbrella Review. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00121-6. [PMID: 38597838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite an increased recognition of the right of adolescents to be involved in decisions that affect them, young people continue to be under-involved in health research. One of the reasons is a lack of awareness among researchers on the current evidence base around the benefits of involving adolescents. To address this, we conducted an umbrella review to synthesize the evidence on the positive impacts of adolescent involvement in health research. This umbrella review was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42021287467). We searched 11 databases, Google Scholar, PROSPERO, reference lists, 10 journals, websites of 472 organizations, and sought input from experts. Ultimately, we included 99 review articles. We found that adolescent involvement has many positive impacts on young people, including increased knowledge and skills; personal development; financial benefits; career and academic growth; enhanced relationships; and valuing their experience. The positive impacts of adolescent involvement on the research itself include increased relevance of the study to adolescents, improved recruitment, development of more adolescent-friendly materials, enhanced data collection and analysis, and more effective dissemination. Researchers also benefited from adolescents' involvement through increased knowledge, skills, and a shift in their attitudes. The evidence supporting the positive impacts of adolescent involvement in research is substantial but limited by a lack of rigorous evaluation, inconsistent reporting, and unclear evaluation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Warraitch
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ciara Wacker
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sanjana Biju
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Lee
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Delali Bruce
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Paul Curran
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Qusai Khraisha
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristin Hadfield
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Erwin J, Burns L, Devalia U, Witton R, Shawe J, Wheat H, Axford N, Doughty J, Kaddour S, Nelder A, Brocklehurst P, Boswell S, Paisi M. Co-production of health and social science research with vulnerable children and young people: A rapid review. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13991. [PMID: 38403901 PMCID: PMC10895074 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term 'care-experienced' refers to anyone who is currently in care or has been in care at any stage in their life. A complex interplay of factors leads to care-experienced children and young people (CECYP) experiencing poorer oral health and access to dental care than their peers. A rapid review of the co-production of health and social care research with vulnerable children and young people (CYP) was carried out to inform the development of a co-produced research project exploring the oral health behaviours and access to dental services of CECYP. Here, 'co-production' refers to the involvement of CYP in the planning or conduct of research with explicit roles in which they generate ideas, evidence and research outputs. AIM To learn how to meaningfully involve vulnerable CYP in the co-production of health and social science research. OBJECTIVES To identify: Different approaches to facilitating the engagement of vulnerable CYP in co-production of health and social science research; different activities carried out in such approaches, challenges to engaging vulnerable CYP in co-production of health and social science research and ways to overcome them and areas of best practice in relation to research co-production with vulnerable CYP. SEARCH STRATEGY A rapid review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted in six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SocINDEX, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science) and grey literature to identify studies that engaged vulnerable CYP in co-approaches to health and social research. MAIN RESULTS Of 1394 documents identified in the search, 40 were included and analysed. A number of different approaches to co-production were used in the studies. The CYP was involved in a range of activities, chiefly the development of data collection tools, data collection and dissemination. Individual challenges for CYP and researchers, practical and institutional factors and ethical considerations impacted the success of co-production. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Co-production of health and social science with vulnerable CYP presents challenges to researchers and CYP calling for all to demonstrate reflexivity and awareness of biases, strengths and limitations. Used appropriately and well, co-production offers benefits to researchers and CYP and can contribute to research that reflects the needs of vulnerable CYP. Adherence to the key principles of inclusion, safeguarding, respect and well-being facilitates this approach. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Members of our patient and public involvement and stakeholder groups contributed to the interpretation of the review findings. This manuscript was written together with a young care leaver, Skye Boswell, who is one of the authors. She contributed to the preparation of the manuscript, reviewing the findings and their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Erwin
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Lorna Burns
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Urshla Devalia
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert Witton
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jill Shawe
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Hannah Wheat
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Nick Axford
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Janine Doughty
- School of Dentistry, Royal Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Martha Paisi
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Burnand L, Johnson D, Ferguson K. Care-experienced young people's views on what they want from mental health services. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024:13591045241233986. [PMID: 38400718 DOI: 10.1177/13591045241233986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study explores what care-experienced young people want from mental health services. Six care-experienced young people were interviewed, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis applied. Three key themes emerged demonstrating that the way support is delivered, the people who deliver it, and the environment of mental health services are all important to care-experienced young people. Along with these findings, this study demonstrates that engaging vulnerable young people in research and service design is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Burnand
- IVY Project, Kibble Education and Care Centre, Paisley, UK and Northern Ireland
| | - Dan Johnson
- Kibble Education and Care Centre, Paisley, UK and Northern Ireland
| | - Kirstin Ferguson
- SAFE project, Kibble Education and Care Centre, Paisley, UK and Northern Ireland
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Crockett LK, Scott SD, Driedger SM, Khan M, Prabhu D, Askin N, Steliga D, Tefft O, Jansson A, Turner S, Sibley KM. Characterizing research partnerships in child health research: A scoping review. J Child Health Care 2024:13674935241231346. [PMID: 38319137 DOI: 10.1177/13674935241231346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Research partnerships between researchers and knowledge users (KUs) in child health are understudied. This study examined the scope of KU engagement reported in published child health research, inclusive of health research partnership approaches and KU groups. Search strategies were developed by a health research librarian. Studies had to be in English, published since 2007, and were not excluded based on design. A two-step, multiple-person hybrid screening approach was used for study inclusion. Data on study and engagement characteristics, barriers and facilitators, and effects were extracted by one reviewer, with 10% verified by a second reviewer. Three hundred fifteen articles were included, with 243 (77.1%) published between 2019 and 2021. Community-based participatory research was the most common approach used (n = 122, 38.3%). Most studies (n = 235, 74.6%) engaged multiple KU groups (range 1-11), with children/youth, healthcare professionals, and parents/families being most frequently engaged. Reporting of barriers and facilitators and effects were variable, reported in 170 (53.8%) and 197 (62.5%) studies, respectively. Publications have increased exponentially over time. There is ongoing need to optimize evaluation and reporting consistency to facilitate growth in the field. Additional studies are needed to further our understanding of research partnerships in child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Crockett
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shannon D Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Michelle Driedger
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Masood Khan
- Knowledge Translation, George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Devashree Prabhu
- Knowledge Translation, George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nicole Askin
- WRHA Virtual Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dawn Steliga
- Knowledge Translation, George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Olivia Tefft
- Knowledge Translation, George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ann Jansson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Turner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Knowledge Translation, George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ouellet B, Berthiaume J, Fortin C, Rusu MT, Rushton PW, Dib T, Routhier F, Best KL. User perceptions about resources based on the Wheelchair Skills Training Program for training indoor and community wheelchair skills in pediatrics: a descriptive qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38214481 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2303464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Wheelchair Skills Training Program (WSTP) is underutilized in pediatrics for training manual wheelchair skills because the voluminous manual lacks pediatric specificity and no materials adapted for pediatric manual wheelchair users (PMWUs) are available. A set of resources (storybook, posters, training workbook) based on the WSTP has previously been developed for training basic indoor wheelchair skills with five to 15-year-old PMWUs. Occupational therapists (OTs) and PMWUs expressed a need for additional resources addressing higher-level skills. Two new sets of resources teaching indoor and community wheelchair skills were developed. OBJECTIVE Describe OTs' and PMWUs' satisfaction and perceptions regarding usability, relevance and feasibility in pediatrics with the new resources. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. A focus group and interviews were respectively conducted with a convenience sample of OTs and a criterion sample of PMWUs to document perceptions regarding satisfaction, usability, relevance and feasibility. A deductive approach to data analyses was used following the Framework Method. RESULTS Six OTs expressed satisfaction regarding both sets of resources feeling more confident using the WSTP (relevance) and perceiving potential time efficiencies when planning training interventions (feasibility). They provided suggestions to improve the usability of the second set. Six PMWUs participated in the interviews, two of which provided feedback on both sets. They were satisfied with the resources recommending them to novice and temporary PMWUs aged from three to 11 years. CONCLUSION Participants' suggested the resources may contribute to reducing the gap between the evidence supporting the WSTP and its utilization in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Ouellet
- Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jade Berthiaume
- Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlie Fortin
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Teodora Rusu
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paula W Rushton
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tatiana Dib
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Routhier
- Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Krista L Best
- Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Shaw C, Bernardi F, Nickpour F. Child-centred framing through design research: a framework for analysing children's 'dream wheelchair' designs to elicit meaning and elevate their voice. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:154-166. [PMID: 35543663 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper considers the possibilities of analysing children's own designs to contribute to the design of inclusive paediatric mobility interventions. The aim of this paper is threefold: (1) to develop a framework for child-centred design analysis, (2) to analyse children's designs to explore both quantitative and qualitative insights and (3) to explore how children's voice could be elevated through design research. METHODS A Child-centred Design Analysis Framework is developed in an interdisciplinary manner, comprising four dimensions including Child, Content, Context and Format. It is used as a vehicle to analyse and code 130 "Dream Wheelchair" designs by children. RESULTS The children's "Dream Wheelchair" designs reference a range of features and priorities, which are gathered into themes through the framework, providing insights into children's individual and collective mobility narratives, values and requirements. Themes are explored through a qualitative interdisciplinary lens to understand the nature of children's lived experiences. CONCLUSIONS The framework promotes child-centred framing through extracting meaning from children's own designs. It is suggested that child-centred framing and a rights-respecting approach to assistive technology design research can lead to more appropriate design outcomes and improved user experiences for children with disabilities. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILIATIONThe design analysis framework developed and presented in this paper facilitates child-centred framing to elevate children's voice in a design process.Analysis of 130 children's visual and textual designs elicited narratives, values, and requirements around their "Dream Wheelchairs"; these findings contribute insights which can be used for designing inclusive paediatric mobility interventions.This paper invites industry practitioners and design researchers to use a child-centred and rights-respecting approach when designing with or for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Shaw
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Farnaz Nickpour
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Wright-Pedersen S, Vidgen H, Abigail Badejo F, Gallegos D. The extent and nature of children's involvement in food practice research: a scoping review of qualitative studies. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2836-2848. [PMID: 37746758 PMCID: PMC10755441 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aligning with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, amplification of children's voice in food practice research aims to inform initiatives that cater to children's needs and thus improve nutritional outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe children's (aged 6-11 years) involvement across qualitative research investigating their food practice perspectives. DESIGN A scoping review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Six electronic databases were searched up until March 2023 (Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Medline and PsychInfo). The Wellcome Framework for young people's involvement in health research guided data extraction. Data were described according to inclusiveness, geography, food-related study topic, research stage and method, and child involvement. RESULTS The search identified 120 peer-reviewed studies (134 papers). Active participation was only seen within research implementation stages (i.e. data collection (n 134), analysis (n 31), dissemination (n 9) and re-design (n 7)). More passive forms of participation were identified in research design stages (i.e. agenda setting, resourcing and design). Studies that utilised participatory research methodologies and developmentally appropriate and engaging methods (e.g. PhotoVoice) saw more active participation by children. CONCLUSION This review identified a lack of opportunities for children's active participation in all stages of food practice research. Without a radical shift towards providing these opportunities, food and nutrition initiatives, policies or further research that do not meet the needs of children's food-related worlds will continue to be developed. Instead, researchers and their institutions need to advocate for and, where possible, provide voluntary opportunities for children to actively participate in food practice research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wright-Pedersen
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD4101, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 149 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
| | - Helen Vidgen
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 149 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
| | - Foluke Abigail Badejo
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD4101, Australia
| | - Danielle Gallegos
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD4101, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 149 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
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Martin AP, Keskes H, Heni W, Burton P, Deliege A, Rabhi C, Ayari R. From entertainment to extortion: Tunisian children's online experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 145:106405. [PMID: 37639772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become a fundamental part of children's lives and development. However, children need to acquire the skills and knowledge to manage the risks that technology presents. OBJECTIVES This child-centric research on children's online experiences aims to understand the benefits Tunisian children derive from the internet, the risks and harms to which they are exposed, and how aware and resilient Tunisian children are to these online risks and harms. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 113 children, aged 13-17, participated in focus groups in five governorates across Tunisia. METHODS Qualitative data was collected from 16 focus group discussions then data was analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic coding. RESULTS The internet offers Tunisian children educational, social, entertainment, and mental health benefits, in addition to personal development and commercial opportunities. Hacking and the use of fake Facebook profiles were highlighted as facilitators of online bullying, sexual harassment, and extortion, all of which disproportionately affected girls. Children demonstrated personal responsibility for their online activity but recognized that children and parents should have greater awareness about the risks the internet poses. CONCLUSIONS The young people included in the study reported that they enjoy numerous benefits from internet access and demonstrate some resilience to online risks and harms. However, there is a need for societal and institutional change, through a combination of awareness raising, targeted support for children and parents, and improving the capacity of key actors to prevent online violence while ensuring an effective response and victim support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Martin
- Mediterranean Institute of Technology, South Mediterranean University, Berges du Lac, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hanen Keskes
- School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Spencer B, Hugh-Jones S, Cottrell D, Pini S. The INSCHOOL project: showcasing participatory qualitative methods derived from patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) work with young people with long-term health conditions. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37828630 PMCID: PMC10568929 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests resources and services benefit from being developed in collaboration with the young people they aim to support. Despite this, patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) with young people is often tokenistic, limited in engagement and not developmentally tailored to young people. Our paper aims to build knowledge and practice for meaningfully engaging with young people in research design, analysis and as research participants. METHODS We report the participatory processes from the INSCHOOL project, examining long-term health conditions and schooling among 11-18 year olds. Young people were consulted at the inception of the project through a hospital-based youth forum. This began a partnership where young people co-designed study documents, informed the recruitment process, developed creative approaches to data collection, participated in pilot interviews, co-analysed the qualitative data and co-presented results. RESULTS PPIE advisors, participants and researchers all benefitted from consistent involvement of young people throughout the project. Long-term engagement allowed advisors and researchers to build rapport and facilitated openness in sharing perspectives. PPIE advisors valued being able to shape the initial aims and language of the research questions, and contribute to every subsequent stage of the project. Advisors co-designed flexible data collection methods for the qualitative project that provided participants with choices in how they took part (interviews, focus groups, written tasks). Further choice was offered through co-designed preparation activities where participants completed one of four creative activities prior to the interview. Participants were therefore able to have control over how they participated and how they described their school experiences. Through participatory analysis meetings advisors used their first-hand experiences to inform the creation of themes and the language used to describe these themes. PPIE in every stage of the process helped researchers to keep the results grounded in young people's experience and challenge their assumptions as adults. CONCLUSIONS Young people have much to offer and the INSCHOOL project has shown that researchers can meaningfully involve young people in all aspects of research. Consistent PPIE resulted in a project where the voices of young people were prioritised throughout and power imbalances were reduced, leading to meaningful participant-centred data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Spencer
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, UK
| | | | - David Cottrell
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, UK
| | - Simon Pini
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, UK.
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Rana K, Poudel P, Chimoriya R. Qualitative Methodology in Translational Health Research: Current Practices and Future Directions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2665. [PMID: 37830701 PMCID: PMC10572630 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational health research is an interdisciplinary field aimed at bridging the gap between basic science studies, preventative studies, and clinical practice to improve health-related outcomes. Qualitative research methods provide a unique perspective on the emotional, social, cultural, and contextual factors that influence health and healthcare and thus are recognized as valuable tools for translational health research. This approach can be embedded within a mixed method design which complements the quantitative findings. This methodological paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts and methodologies used in qualitative research, emphasizing their utilization and significance in translational health research. Several approaches to qualitative research methodology are discussed in this review, including ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, and action research. Theoretical frameworks such as the social-ecological model, intersectionality, and participatory action research are also examined to provide a structure for understanding and interpreting complex health issues. This methodological paper also reviews commonly used sampling techniques such as purposive, snowball, convenience, theoretical, and maximum variation sampling, along with data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, observation, document analysis, and participatory methods. Moreover, data analysis techniques such as thematic analysis, grounded theory, content analysis, narrative analysis, and reflexive analysis, are discussed in the context of translational health. Overall, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities of using qualitative methods in current practice, while also discussing future directions and providing valuable guidance and insights to researchers interested in conducting qualitative research in translational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Rana
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration, Auburn, NSW 2144, Australia;
| | - Prakash Poudel
- Office of Research and Education, Canberra Health Services, ACT Government, Garran, ACT 2606, Australia;
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration, Auburn, NSW 2144, Australia;
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Concord Institute of Academic Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
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Solis Sánchez G, Alcalde Bezhold G, Alfonso Farnós I. Research ethics: From principles to practical aspects. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023; 99:195-202. [PMID: 37598083 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Any research conducted on human beings or human biological samples requires a prior ethical assessment to avoid risks and problems for all involved parties. The legislation in this regard is very broad and emphasizes the safeguarding of patient rights in relation to the universal principles of autonomy, beneficence and justice. The present article reviews the regulations applicable to clinical trials, observational studies with drugs, biobank projects or any other type of study that may be conducted in the health care field. It also addresses the role of research ethics committees, data protection and the foundations of scientific integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Solis Sánchez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Alcalde Bezhold
- CEI OSI Araba, Universidad del País Vasco, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Iciar Alfonso Farnós
- Comité de Ética de la Investigación de Euskadi, Asociación Nacional de Comités de Ética en Investigación, Vitoria, Vizcaya, Spain
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13
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Rohwerder B, Wong S, Pokharel S, Khadka D, Poudyal N, Prasai S, Shrestha N, Wickenden M, Morrison J. Describing adolescents with disabilities' experiences of COVID-19 and other humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Glob Health Action 2022; 15:2107350. [PMID: 36065825 PMCID: PMC9467561 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2107350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and other humanitarian emergencies exacerbate pre-existing inequalities faced by people with disabilities. They experience worse access to health, education, and social services, and increased violence in comparison with people without disabilities. Adolescents with disabilities are amongst those most severely affected in these situations. Using participatory research methods with adolescents can be more effective than other methods but may be challenging in such emergency contexts. OBJECTIVES We conducted a scoping review to: 1) describe the literature and methods used in peer-reviewed and grey literature on adolescents (aged ten to nineteen) with disabilities' experience of COVID-19 and other humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries, and 2) identify research gaps and make recommendations for future research. METHODS The review followed a protocol developed using PRISMA guidelines and the Arksey and O'Malley framework. We searched grey and peer-reviewed literature between 2011 and 2021. RESULTS Thirty studies were included. Twelve were peer-reviewed, and of those seven used participatory methods. Humanitarian emergencies had adverse effects on adolescents with disabilities across health, education, livelihoods, social protection, and community participation domains. Surprisingly few studies collected data directly with adolescents with disabilities. Twenty-three studies combined data from non-disabled children, caregivers, and disabled adults which made it challenging to understand adolescents with disabilities' unique experience. CONCLUSIONS Our review highlights both the scarcity of literature and the importance of conducting research with adolescents with disabilities in humanitarian contexts. Despite challenges, our review shows that it has been possible to conduct research with adolescents with disabilities to explore their experiences of humanitarian emergencies, and that these experiences were different from those of non-disabled adolescents. There is a need to disaggregate findings and support the implementation and reporting of rigorous research methods. Capacity development through partnerships between non-governmental organisations and researchers may improve reporting of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Rohwerder
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
| | - Sara Wong
- UCL Institute for Global Health, London, England
| | | | - Dipesh Khadka
- School of Arts, Kathmandu University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Niraj Poudyal
- School of Arts, Kathmandu University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sagar Prasai
- Diverse Patterns, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nir Shrestha
- Diverse Patterns, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mary Wickenden
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
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Jacques-Aviñó C, Roel E, Medina-Perucha L, McGhie J, Pons-Vigués M, Pujol-Ribera E, Turiel I, Berenguera A. Are we leaving someone behind? A critical discourse analysis on the understanding of public participation among people with experiences of participatory research. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273727. [PMID: 36054140 PMCID: PMC9439240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Participatory research (PR) is on the rise. In Spain, PR is scarce in the field of health, although there is an increasing interest in the matter. A comprehensive understanding of the meanings and practical implications of “public participation” is essential to promote participation in health research. The aim of the study is to explore the discursive positions on PR among individuals with experience in participatory processes in different areas and how this understanding translates into practice. We conducted a critical discourse analysis of 21 individuals with experience in PR and participatory processes (13 women, 8 men), mainly from the field of health and other areas of knowledge. Sixteen were Spanish and the rest were from the United Kingdom (3), United States (1), and Canada (1). Interviews were conducted in person or by telephone. The fieldwork was conducted between March 2019 and November 2019. The dominant discourses on public participation are situated along two axes situated on a continuum: the purpose of public participation and how power should be distributed in public participation processes. The first is instrumental public participation, which sees participatory research as a tool to improve research results and focuses on institutional interests and power-decision making is hold by researchers and institutions. The second, is transformative public participation, with a focus on social change and an equitable sharing of decision-making power between the public and researchers. All discursive positions stated that they do not carry out specific strategies to include the most socially disadvantaged individuals or groups. A shift in the scientific approach about knowledge, along with time and resources, are required to move towards a more balanced power distribution in the processes involving the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Fundació Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Elena Roel
- Fundació Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Perucha
- Fundació Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jasmine McGhie
- SerMas, Servicio de Salud, Centro de Salud de Potes, Villaverde, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Pons-Vigués
- Servei Català de la Salut (CatSalut), Travessera de les Corts, Edifici Olímpia, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Infermeria. Facultat d’Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Pujol-Ribera
- Fundació Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Irene Turiel
- SESPA, Servicio de Salud, Área I Atención Primaria, Asturias, Spain
| | - Anna Berenguera
- Fundació Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- SerMas, Servicio de Salud, Centro de Salud de Potes, Villaverde, Madrid, Spain
- Departament d’Infermeria. Facultat d’Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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15
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Njelesani J, Mlambo V, Denekew T, Hunleth J. Inclusion of children with disabilities in qualitative health research: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273784. [PMID: 36048816 PMCID: PMC9436059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with disabilities have the right to participate in health research so their priorities, needs, and experiences are included. Health research based primarily on adult report risks misrepresenting children with disabilities and their needs, and contributes to exclusion and a lack of diversity in the experiences being captured. Prioritizing the participation of children with disabilities enhances the relevance, meaningfulness, and impact of research. Methods A scoping review was conducted to critically examine the participation of children with disabilities in qualitative health research. The electronic databases PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched. Inclusion criteria included qualitative health studies conducted with children with disabilities, published between 2007 and 2020, and written in English. Articles were screened by two reviewers and the synthesis of data was performed using numeric and content analysis. Results A total of 62 studies met inclusion criteria. Rationales for including children with disabilities included child-focused, medical model of disability, and disability rights rationales. Participation of children with disabilities in qualitative health research was limited, with the majority of studies conducting research on rather than in partnership with or by children. Findings emphasize that children with disabilities are not participating in the design and implementation of health research. Conclusion Further effort should be made by health researchers to incorporate children with a broad range of impairments drawing on theory and methodology from disability and childhood studies and collaborating with people who have expertise in these areas. Furthermore, an array of multi-method inclusive, accessible, adaptable, and non-ableist methods should be available to enable different ways of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Njelesani
- Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Vongai Mlambo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Jean Hunleth
- Division of Public Health Sciences. Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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The challenges of assessing the impact of a comedy programme aimed at improving the mental well-being of young people. RESEARCH FOR ALL 2022. [DOI: 10.14324/rfa.06.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the impact of community-based programmes presents many challenges. One difficulty encountered is how to develop appropriate research methods to capture the impact of the work while also meeting the demands of external funders. For almost two decades, the charity organisation The Comedy Trust (TCT) have attempted to navigate these challenges. In 2018, TCT had the opportunity to work with a university-based researcher to develop their approaches to research. We aimed to explore what happens when you move away from quantifiable predetermined methods to take a more participatory approach to work alongside the participants of the programme. We decided to focus on their Feeling Funny Youth programme, which is aimed at young people to support their mental health and well-being. This paper is a case study of how the programme worked with a group of young people based within a youth organisation. In this paper, we offer a comparison of the standardised tool adopted by TCT with the development of more creative and participatory methods developed in collaboration with young people who participated in the programme. We offer an insight into what can be gained by adopting more creative and participatory methods to capture the experiences of young people, as this enabled us to really hear the important messages they want to share.
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Oetzel JG, Boursaw B, Magarati M, Dickson E, Sanchez-Youngman S, Morales L, Kastelic S, Eder MM, Wallerstein N. Exploring theoretical mechanisms of community-engaged research: a multilevel cross-sectional national study of structural and relational practices in community-academic partnerships. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:59. [PMID: 35501798 PMCID: PMC9063068 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is often used to address health inequities due to structural racism. However, much of the existing literature emphasizes relationships and synergy rather than structural components of CBPR. This study introduces and tests new theoretical mechanisms of the CBPR Conceptual Model to address this limitation. Methods Three-stage online cross-sectional survey administered from 2016 to 2018 with 165 community-engaged research projects identified through federal databases or training grants. Participants (N = 453) were principal investigators and project team members (both academic and community partners) who provided project-level details and perceived contexts, processes, and outcomes. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparison analysis. Results Commitment to Collective Empowerment was a key mediating variable between context and intervention activities. Synergy and Community Engagement in Research Actions were mediating variables between context/partnership process and outcomes. Collective Empowerment was most strongly aligned with Synergy, while higher levels of Structural Governance and lower levels of Relationships were most consistent with higher Community Engagement in Research Actions. Conclusions The CBPR Conceptual Model identifies key theoretical mechanisms for explaining health equity and health outcomes in community-academic partnerships. The scholarly literature’s preoccupation with synergy and relationships overlooks two promising practices—Structural Governance and Collective Empowerment—that interact from contexts through mechanisms to influence outcomes. These results also expand expectations beyond a “one size fits all” for reliably producing positive outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-022-01663-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Oetzel
- University of Waikato, Waikato Management School, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Blake Boursaw
- University of New Mexico, College of Nursing, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Maya Magarati
- Department of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seven Directions: A Center for Indigneous Public Health, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | | | | | - Leo Morales
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Sarah Kastelic
- National Indian Child Welfare Association, Portland, USA
| | - Milton Mickey Eder
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Nina Wallerstein
- University of New Mexico, Center for Participatory Research, Albuquerque, USA
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18
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The generative potential of mess in community-based participatory research with young people who use(d) drugs in Vancouver. Harm Reduct J 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35337350 PMCID: PMC8956276 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-022-00615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is increasingly standard practice for critical qualitative health research with young people who use(d) drugs in Vancouver, Canada. One aim of CBPR in this context is to redress the essentialization, erasure, and exploitation of people who use(d) drugs in health research. In this paper, we reflect on a partnership that began in 2018 between three university researchers and roughly ten young people (ages 17–28) who have current or past experience with drug use and homelessness in Greater Vancouver. We focus on moments when our guiding principles of shared leadership, safety, and inclusion became fraught in practice, forcing us in some cases to re-imagine these principles, and in others to accept that certain ethical dilemmas in research can never be fully resolved. We argue that this messiness can be traced to the complex and diverse positionalities of each person on our team, including young people. As such, creating space for mess was ethically necessary and empirically valuable for our CBPR project.
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Dubois AC, Lahaye M, Aujoulat I. From research 'on' to research 'with' children about their family lives: A scoping review of ethical and methodological challenges. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:203-216. [PMID: 34859480 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, interest in the ethical and methodological challenges involved in conducting research with children has increased considerably. Researchers who work with children have to take into account children's intrinsic physical, mental and emotional vulnerability as well as their interdependence with other family members, particularly their parents. This is especially challenging in research that seeks to explore children's lived experience in relation to aspects of their family lives. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify specific ethical issues and ways of overcoming challenges in conducting research with children on some aspects of their family lives. METHODS We conducted a scoping review according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Seventeen publications were selected for data extraction and synthesis, 4 of which were original studies and 13 reflexive papers. RESULTS Our results confirm that a research project that asks children about aspects of their family lives leads to a number of ethical tensions: While children depend on their parents and family to ensure that their safety and physical needs are met, they also greatly contribute to the development of family dynamics. We highlight methodological strategies that allow researchers to mitigate the ethical challenges that are inherent to this type of research. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION A promising approach is to use participative methods at each stage of research, including developing a trusting and triadic partnership that includes parents, children, a multidisciplinary research team and professional gatekeepers. Benefits as well as possible risks for participants should also be considered when children and their parents are engaged in a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Dubois
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magali Lahaye
- Psychological Science Research Institute (IPSY), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Aujoulat
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Shahmanesh M, Okesola N, Chimbindi N, Zuma T, Mdluli S, Mthiyane N, Adeagbo O, Dreyer J, Herbst C, McGrath N, Harling G, Sherr L, Seeley J. Thetha Nami: participatory development of a peer-navigator intervention to deliver biosocial HIV prevention for adolescents and youth in rural South Africa. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1393. [PMID: 34256725 PMCID: PMC8278686 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective biomedical tools, HIV remains the largest cause of morbidity/mortality in South Africa - especially among adolescents and young people. We used community-based participatory research (CBPR), informed by principles of social justice, to develop a peer-led biosocial intervention for HIV prevention in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). METHODS Between March 2018 and September 2019 we used CBPR to iteratively co-create and contextually adapt a biosocial peer-led intervention to support HIV prevention. Men and women aged 18-30 years were selected by community leaders of 21 intervention implementation areas (izigodi) and underwent 20 weeks of training as peer-navigators. We synthesised quantitative and qualitative data collected during a 2016-2018 study into 17 vignettes illustrating the local drivers of HIV. During three participatory intervention development workshops and community mapping sessions, the peer-navigators critically engaged with vignettes, brainstormed solutions and mapped the components to their own izigodi. The intervention components were plotted to a Theory of Change which, following a six-month pilot and process evaluation, the peer-navigators refined. The intervention will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial ( NCT04532307 ). RESULTS Following written and oral assessments, 57 of the 108 initially selected participated in two workshops to discuss the vignettes and co-create the Thetha Nami (`talk to me'). The intervention included peer-led health promotion to improve self-efficacy and demand for HIV prevention, referrals to social and educational resources, and aaccessible youth-friendly clinical services to improve uptake of HIV prevention. During the pilot the peer-navigators approached 6871 young people, of whom 6141 (89%) accepted health promotion and 438 were linked to care. During semi-structured interviews peer-navigators described the appeal of providing sexual health information to peers of a similar age and background but wanted to provide more than just "onward referral". In the third participatory workshop 54 peer-navigators refined the Thetha Nami intervention to add three components: structured assessment tool to tailor health promotion and referrals, safe spaces and community advocacy to create an enabling environment, and peer-mentorship and navigation of resources to improve retention in HIV prevention. CONCLUSION Local youth were able to use evidence to develop a contextually adapted peer-led intervention to deliver biosocial HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahmanesh
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | | | - Natsayi Chimbindi
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Thembelihle Zuma
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Sakhile Mdluli
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Oluwafemi Adeagbo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
- University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jaco Dreyer
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Carina Herbst
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Nuala McGrath
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Guy Harling
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology & Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Lorraine Sherr
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Velardo S, Pollard CM, Shipman J, Booth S. How Do Disadvantaged Children Perceive, Understand and Experience Household Food Insecurity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084039. [PMID: 33921362 PMCID: PMC8070068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity is associated with reduced physical, social, and psychological functioning in children. There has been sparse research into child food insecurity that incorporates children’s own perspectives, as adults are often interviewed as child proxies. While a nuanced, child-centred understanding of food insecurity is needed to inform effective policy and program responses, little is known about Australian children’s firsthand understanding or experience of household food insecurity. This study aimed to fill this gap by inviting preadolescent children’s perspectives. Eleven participants aged 10–13 years (seven girls and four boys) took part in the study and were recruited from an Australian charity school holiday camp that targets severely disadvantaged youth. Children took part in individual semi-structured interviews that incorporated drawings and emoji scales. Qualitative interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic techniques. Four themes emerged from the data analysis, children had: (i) financial understanding; (ii) awareness of food insecurity and coping mechanisms; (iii) sharing, empathy, and compassion for food insecure families; and (iv) described the nature of ‘food’ preparation. This study provides a child-centric analysis, demonstrating how children’s agency is enacted and constrained in food insecure contexts. This child-derived understanding of food insecurity provides a critical basis from which to build effective approaches to assess and respond to this significant social issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Velardo
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina M. Pollard
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia;
| | - Jessica Shipman
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
| | - Sue Booth
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
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Abraczinskas M, Zarrett N. Youth Participatory Action Research for Health Equity: Increasing Youth Empowerment and Decreasing Physical Activity Access Inequities in Under-resourced Programs and Schools. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 66:232-243. [PMID: 32589272 PMCID: PMC7762735 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To address gaps in the youth participation and adolescent physical activity (PA) promotion literature, we examined the feasibility of youth participatory action research (YPAR) in (a) general aftercare (YPAR only) and (b) with a physical activity intervention, (YPAR + PA) to reach marginalized youth and impact individual empowerment and second-order change for equitable PA access. We intervened during middle school, a developmental stage conducive to changing health habits. We used a concurrent, mixed-method triangulation design. Participants were students (94% non-Hispanic Black/African American, 75% free/reduced lunch) in the southeastern United States. YPAR was adapted from online modules. Youth conducted photovoice, capturing and analyzing social/environmental factors contributing to inequities in their schools/programs. PA inequities emerged for girls. Findings indicated feasibility of YPAR with systems supports. Changes occurred at the individual and systems level in the YPAR + PA program. Sociopolitical skills, participatory behavior, and perceived control empowerment subdomains increased pre-post, and youth qualitative responses aligned. A follow-up interview with the director revealed all youth-proposed changes occurred. A feedback loop was developed for continued youth input. Youth-led changes to increase PA access have potential to decrease health disparities by generating unique solutions likely missed when adults intervene alone.
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Ozer EJ, Abraczinskas M, Duarte C, Mathur R, Ballard PJ, Gibbs L, Olivas ET, Bewa MJ, Afifi R. Youth Participatory Approaches and Health Equity: Conceptualization and Integrative Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 66:267-278. [PMID: 32969506 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an array of youth participatory approaches relevant to health equity efforts in community psychology, adolescent health, youth development, and education. While they share some commonalities, they also reflect important distinctions regarding key processes and intended level of impact. Here, we consider the following: (a) youth-led participatory action research (YPAR), (b) youth organizing (YO), (c) youth-led planning, (d) human-centered design, (e) participatory arts, and (f) youth advisory boards. Informed by community psychology theories on empowerment and levels of change and social epidemiology frameworks that focus on the social determinants of health inequities, we aim to promote greater clarity in the conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation of youth participatory approaches; frame the "landscape" of youth participatory approaches and their similarities and differences; present an integrative review of the evidence regarding the impact of youth participatory approaches; and describe several illustrative cases so as to consider more deeply how some youth participatory approaches aim to influence the social determinants of health that lead to the physical embodiment of health inequities. We conclude by identifying areas of future policy- and practice-relevant research for advancing youth participation and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Ozer
- School of Public Health and Innovations for Youth (I4Y) Center, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Abraczinskas
- Department of Family, Youth, and Community Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Duarte
- School of Public Health and Innovations for Youth (I4Y) Center, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Gibbs
- Center for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Elijah T Olivas
- College of Public Health, Community and Behavioral Health Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Rima Afifi
- College of Public Health, Community and Behavioral Health Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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24
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Sibeoni J, Verneuil L, Manolios E, Révah-Levy A. A specific method for qualitative medical research: the IPSE (Inductive Process to analyze the Structure of lived Experience) approach. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:216. [PMID: 32847514 PMCID: PMC7449004 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper reports the construction and use of a specific method for qualitative medical research: The Inductive Process to Analyze the Structure of lived Experience (IPSE), an inductive and phenomenological approach designed to gain the closest access possible to the patients' experience and to produce concrete recommendations for improving care. This paper describes this innovative method. METHODS IPSE has five steps: 1) set up a research group, 2) ensure the originality of the research, 3) organize recruitment and sampling intended to optimize exemplarity, 4) collect data that enable entry into the subjects' experience, and 5) analyze the data. This final stage is composed of one individual descriptive phase, followed by two group phases: i) structure the experience, and ii) translate the findings into concrete proposals that make a difference in care. RESULTS This innovative method has provided original findings that have opened up new avenues of research and have important practical implications, including (1) the development of patient-reported outcomes, (2) clinical recommendations concerning assessment and treatment, (3) innovative ways to improve communication between patients and doctors, and (4) new insights for medical pedagogy. CONCLUSIONS IPSE is a qualitative method specifically developed for clinical medical research to reach concrete proposals, easily combined with quantitative research within a mixed-method study design and then directly integrated within evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Sibeoni
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Argenteuil Hospital Centre, 69 Rue du Lieutenant Colonel Prud'hon, 95107 ARGENTEUIL Cedex, France. .,ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France.
| | - Laurence Verneuil
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Manolios
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France.,Service de Psychologie et Psychiatrie de Liaison et d'Urgences, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France
| | - Anne Révah-Levy
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Argenteuil Hospital Centre, 69 Rue du Lieutenant Colonel Prud'hon, 95107 ARGENTEUIL Cedex, France.,ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
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25
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Ortiz K, Nash J, Shea L, Oetzel J, Garoutte J, Sanchez-Youngman S, Wallerstein N. Partnerships, Processes, and Outcomes: A Health Equity-Focused Scoping Meta-Review of Community-Engaged Scholarship. Annu Rev Public Health 2020; 41:177-199. [PMID: 31922931 PMCID: PMC8095013 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scholarship examining the usefulness of community-engaged research (CEnR) and community-based participatory research (CBPR) for eliminating health inequities.This article seeks to synthesize the extant literature of systematic reviews, scoping reviews, and other related reviews regarding the context, processes, and research designs and interventions underlying CEnR that optimize its effectiveness. Through a scoping review, we have utilized an empirically derived framework of CBPR to map this literature and identify key findings and priorities for future research. Our study found 100 reviews of CEnR that largely support the CBPR conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Ortiz
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA;
- College of Population Health, Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- Institute for the Study of "Race" and Social Justice, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Jacob Nash
- College of Population Health, Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Logan Shea
- College of Population Health, Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - John Oetzel
- Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Justin Garoutte
- College of Population Health, Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest (BHRCS), Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Shannon Sanchez-Youngman
- College of Population Health, Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- Center for Social Policy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- School of Public Administration, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Nina Wallerstein
- College of Population Health, Center for Participatory Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Combes G, Damery S, Gunby C, Harlock J, Isham L, Jones A, Maxted F, Parmar P, Schaub J, Smith D, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C. Supporting survivors of sexual violence: protocol for a mixed-methods, co-research study of the role, funding and commissioning of specialist services provided by the voluntary sector in England. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e035739. [PMID: 31852714 PMCID: PMC6937104 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The voluntary sector provides a range of specialist services to survivors of sexual violence, many of which have evolved from grass roots organisations responding to unmet local needs. However, the evidence base is poor in terms of what services are provided to which groups of survivors, how voluntary sector specialist (VSS) services are organised and delivered and how they are commissioned. This will be the first national study on the role of the voluntary sector in supporting survivors in England. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study uses an explanatory sequential naturalistic mixed-methods design with two stages. For stage 1, two national surveys of providers' and commissioners' views on designing and delivering VSS services will facilitate detailed mapping of service provision and commissioning in order to create a taxonomy of VSS services. Variations in the national picture will then be explored in stage 2 through four in-depth, qualitative case studies using the critical incident technique to explain the observed variations and understand the key contextual factors which influence service provision. Drawing on theory about the distinctive service contribution of the voluntary sector, survivors will be involved as co-researchers and will play a central role in data collection and interpretation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted by the University of Birmingham research ethics committee for stage 1 of the project. In line with the sequential and co-produced study design, further applications for ethical review will be made in due course. Dissemination activities will include case study and end-of-project workshops; good practice guides; a policy briefing; project report; bitesize findings; webinars; academic articles and conference presentations. The project will generate evidence about what survivors want from and value about services and new understanding about how VSS services should be commissioned and provided to support survivors to thrive in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Combes
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Damery
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Clare Gunby
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jenny Harlock
- Social Science ans Systems in Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Louise Isham
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice Jones
- Avon and Somerset Constabulary, Portishead, UK
| | | | - Priti Parmar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jason Schaub
- School of Social Work and Social Care, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deb Smith
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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27
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O’Brien N. Understanding Alternative Bullying Perspectives Through Research Engagement With Young People. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1984. [PMID: 31555177 PMCID: PMC6722199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying research has traditionally been dominated by largescale cohort studies focusing on the personality traits of bullies and victims. These studies focus on bullying prevalence, risk and protective factors, and negative outcomes. A limitation of this approach is that it does not explain why bullying happens. Qualitative research can help shed light on these factors. This paper discusses the findings from four mainly qualitative research projects including a systematic review and three empirical studies involving young people to various degrees within the research process as respondents, co-researchers and commissioners of research. Much quantitative research suggests that young people are a homogenous group and through the use of surveys and other large scale methods, generalizations can be drawn about how bullying is understood and how it can be dealt with. Findings from the studies presented in this paper, add to our understanding that young people appear particularly concerned about the role of wider contextual and relational factors in deciding if bullying has happened. These studies underscore the relational aspects of definitions of bullying and, how the dynamics of young people's friendships can shift what is understood as bullying or not. Moreover, to appreciate the relational and social contexts underpinning bullying behaviors, adults and young people need to work together on bullying agendas and engage with multiple definitions, effects and forms of support. Qualitative methodologies, in particular participatory research opens up the complexities of young lives and enables these insights to come to the fore. Through this approach, effective supports can be designed based on what young people want and need rather than those interpreted as supportive through adult understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O’Brien
- School of Education and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
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