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Gunby C, Isham L, Smailes H, Bradbury-Jones C, Damery S, Harlock J, Maxted F, Smith D, Taylor J. Working the Edge: The Emotional Experiences of Commissioning and Funding Arrangements for Service Leaders in the Sexual Violence Voluntary Sector. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:1783-1803. [PMID: 38509824 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241239945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The specialist voluntary sector plays a crucial role in supporting survivors of sexual violence. However, in England, short-term funding underpins the sector's financial stability. This article examines sector leaders' ways of coping, resisting and being affected by funding practices. Using the concept of edgework, we show how funding and commissioning dynamics push individuals to the edge of service sustainability, job satisfaction, and emotional well-being. We examine how these edges are "worked," for example, by circumventing and remolding the edge. We offer an original way to theorize participants, make visible the emotional toll of service precarity and offer suggestions for support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Gunby
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise Isham
- Department of Social Work and Social Care, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harriet Smailes
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Criminology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Sarah Damery
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jenny Harlock
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | | | - Deb Smith
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Rockowitz S, Flowe H, Bradbury-Jones C. A Scoping Review on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Medicolegal Service Provision in East Africa. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:3579-3592. [PMID: 36384339 PMCID: PMC10594834 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221134292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a leading cause of physical, emotional, and psychosocial problems around the world, with many countries in East Africa having rates above the global average. Despite the high prevalence in the region, service provision for post-SGBV care is often poorly funded, difficult to access, or simply nonexistent. This review reports the findings of a scoping review of literature from East Africa. The goals of this research were to evaluate existing service provision practices throughout the region, understand how provider bias may affect service provision, and compare existing practices to national policies and internationally agreed human rights treaties. This review identified 54 academic papers and reports through a search of electronic databases and grey literature sources, and four main themes emerged: (1) current models of service provision are inadequate to address the medical and psychosocial needs of survivors; (2) countries are not providing sufficient funding for services; (3) further research is needed into how to incorporate SGBV care into existing health systems and align with international human rights treaties; and (4) there is limited research in many countries in East Africa. The findings are likely to be of use to policy makers, nongovernmental organizations, and service providers working in the medical, legal, and justice systems.
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3
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Donagh B, Taylor J, al Mushaikhi M, Bradbury-Jones C. Sibling Experiences of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Scoping Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:3513-3527. [PMID: 36382953 PMCID: PMC10594841 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221134289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events during childhood known to affect health and well-being across the life span. The detrimental impact ACEs have on children and young people is well-established. It is also known that 85 to 90% of children have at least one sibling. Using this as the foundation for our inquiry, the purpose of this scoping review was to understand what we currently know about the experiences of siblings living with ACEs. Sibling relationships are unique, and for some the most enduring of experiences. These relationships can be thought of as bonds held together by love and warmth; however, they can also provide scope for undesirable outcomes, such as escalation of conflicts and animosities. This scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) methodological framework, complemented by the PAGER framework (Bradbury-Jones et al. 2021), offering a structured approach to the review's analysis and reporting through presenting the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, and Evidence for practice and Research. In June 2020, we searched 12 databases, with 11,469 results. Articles were screened for eligibility by the review team leaving a total of 148 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Included articles highlighted overwhelming evidence of older siblings shielding younger siblings, and the likelihood that when one sibling experiences adversity, other siblings will be experiencing it themselves or vicariously. The implications of this in practice are that support services and statutory bodies need to ensure considerations are given to all siblings when one has presented with experiencing childhood adversity, especially to older siblings who may take far more burden as regards care-giving and protection of younger siblings. Given that more than half of the included articles did not offer any theoretical understanding to sibling experiences of ACEs, this area is of importance for future research. Greater attention is also needed for research exploring different types of sibling relationships (full, step, half), and whether these influence the impact that ACEs have on children and young people.
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Donagh B, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C. Service evaluation of an independent domestic violence advocate post in a children's hospital. Nurs Child Young People 2023:e1490. [PMID: 37982145 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2023.e1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) has detrimental effects on the health and well-being of children and young people exposed to it, whether they witness or experience it. The introduction of independent domestic violence advocates in UK hospitals has enhanced the safety of victims of DVA. In 2020-2021 an independent domestic violence advocate post was piloted at a children's hospital for one year, the advocate's role being to train hospital staff and support women who had experienced DVA. A service evaluation showed that the training and support provided by the independent domestic violence advocate had benefits for women, children and staff. It also confirmed that the commissioning of services for children exposed to DVA is often underfunded and overshadowed by the provision of support to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Donagh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
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5
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Caswell RJ, Ross JDC, Maidment I, Bradbury-Jones C. Providing a Supportive Environment for Disclosure of Sexual Violence and Abuse in a Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Setting: A Realist Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:2661-2679. [PMID: 35762535 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexual and reproductive healthcare services (SRHS) are an environment where medical care relevant to sexual violence and abuse (SV) is available. However, barriers to disclosure need to be overcome to allow timely access to this care. There is limited research identifying and explaining how interventions remove barriers and create a safe and supportive environment for disclosure. The purpose of this review was to develop and refine theories that explain how, for whom and in what context SRHS facilitate disclosure. Methods: Following published realist standards we undertook a realist review. After focussing the review question and identifying key contextual barriers, articles pertaining to these were identified using a traditional systematic database search. This strategy was supplemented with iterative searches. Results: Searches yielded 3172 citations, and 28 articles with sufficient information were included to develop the emerging theories. Four evidence-informed theories were developed proposing ways in which a safe and supportive environment for the disclosure of SV is enabled in SRHS. The theories consider how interventions may overcome barriers surrounding SV disclosure at individual, service-delivery and societal levels. Conclusions: Benefits of SRHS engagement with health promotion and health activism activities to address societal level barriers like lack of service awareness and stereotypic views on SV are presented. Although trauma informed practice and person-centred care were central in creating a safe and supportive environment for disclosure the review found them to be poorly defined in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Caswell
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan D C Ross
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Maidment
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Caswell RJ, Hodson J, Bradbury-Jones C, Ross JDC. Where do those experiencing sexual violence seek help and is routine enquiry acceptable within a sexual healthcare setting? Findings from a population-based survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073204. [PMID: 37673457 PMCID: PMC10496700 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most sexual violence (SV) remains undisclosed to healthcare professionals. The aims of this study were to identify where support would be sought after SV and whether routine enquiry about SV was acceptable in a sexual healthcare setting. DESIGN An online population-based survey collected data on a history of SV and preferences on support after SV, in addition to sociodemographic data. Respondents' views on being routinely asked about SV were sought. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This online survey was based in England, UK. There were 2007 respondents. RESULTS The police were the most frequent first choice for support after experiencing SV (n=520; 25.9%); however, this was less common in individuals in younger age groups (p<0.001) and in those with a history of SV (17.2% vs 29.9%, p<0.001). For the 27.1% (532 of 1960) of respondents who reported a history of SV, the first choice of place for support was Rape Crisis or similar third-sector organisation. The majority of respondents supported routine enquiry about SV during Sexual and Reproductive Health Service (SRHS) consultations (84.4%), although acceptability was significantly lower in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS AND STUDY IMPLICATIONS A greater awareness of the influence of sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity, age, gender, disability and a history of SV, when planning and delivering services for those who have experienced SV is needed. A history of SV is common in the general population, and a 'one-size-fits-all' approach to encourage disclosure and access to support is unlikely to be optimal. Routine enquiry about SV is highly acceptable in an SRHS setting and likely to improve disclosure when appropriately implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Caswell
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Hodson
- Research, Development and Innovation, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jonathan D C Ross
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Hallett N, Christie C, Docherty-Smith J, Welborn H, Wright H, Molloy E, Chandan JS, Croxford S, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C. Healthcare interventions for sex workers: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074983. [PMID: 37558442 PMCID: PMC10432664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex workers, who provide sexual or erotic acts in exchange for payment, often experience multiple disadvantages, including mental ill health and substance misuse. Mainstream healthcare services are generally not configured to facilitate engagement with sex workers and therefore, services are needed that are accessible to this population. The aim of this scoping review is to understand the evidence base for approaches, services and interventions that are aimed at addressing sex workers' health needs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Nine databases, CINAHL, Embase, EThOS, Google Scholar, Health Management Information Consortium, MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO and Web of Science (Core Collection), will be searched, with results limited to English language publications and those published from 2003 onwards. De-duplication, study selection and data extraction will be conducted using Covidence software. Included studies will describe or evaluate approaches, services or interventions that address the health needs of sex workers who offer services that involve physical contact with a client. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical review is needed. The final report will be shared with Birmingham City Council as part of ongoing work and will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publication. STUDY REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/N7WSX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutmeg Hallett
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jack Docherty-Smith
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather Welborn
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah Wright
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleanor Molloy
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sara Croxford
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Nash K, Minhas S, Metheny N, Gokhale KM, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, Bandyopadhyay S, Nirantharakumar K, Adderley NJ, Chandan JS. Exposure to Domestic Abuse and the Subsequent Development of Atopic Disease in Women. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:1752-1756.e3. [PMID: 37295857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a global public health issue associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. There are few high-quality studies that assess the impact of DVA exposure on the development of atopic disease. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between exposure to DVA and the subsequent development of atopy. METHODS In this population-based, retrospective, open cohort study, we identified women with no history of atopic disease between January 1, 1995 and September 30, 2019 from IQVIA Medical Research Data, an anonymized UK primary care dataset. We used clinical codes to identify exposed patients (those with a code identifying exposure to DVA; n = 13,852) and unexposed patients (n = 49,036), who were matched by age and deprivation quintile. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) (with 95% CIs) of developing atopic disease: asthma, atopic eczema, or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. RESULTS During the study period, 967 exposed women (incidence rate, 20.10/1,000 person-years) developed atopic disease, compared with 2,607 unexposed women (incidence rate, 13.24/1,000 person-years). This translated to an adjusted HR of 1.52 (95% CI, 1.41-1.64) accounting for key confounders; asthma (adjusted HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.44-1.99), atopic eczema (adjusted HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.26-1.56), and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (adjusted HR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.45-1.84). CONCLUSIONS Domestic violence and abuse is a significant global public health issue. These results demonstrate a significant associated risk for developing atopic disease. Public health approaches to the prevention and detection of DVA are necessary to reduce the associated ill health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Nash
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sonica Minhas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Metheny
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Krishna M Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Adderley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Jack SM, Wilson D, Bradbury-Jones C. Advancing nursing's response to the wicked problem of intimate partner violence. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:e18-e20. [PMID: 36971303 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Jack
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Denise Wilson
- Taupua Waiora Centre for Maori Health Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Karavias Y, Bandyopadhyay S, Christie C, Bradbury-Jones C, Taylor J, Kane E, Flowe HD. Impact evaluation and economic benefit analysis of a domestic violence and abuse UK police intervention. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1063701. [PMID: 36874872 PMCID: PMC9978512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1063701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact and economic benefit of Cautioning and Relationship Abuse (CARA), an intervention which aims to reduce re-offending of first-time low-level domestic violence and abuse perpetrators. The analysis was based on two samples drawn from separate UK police force areas. CARA's impact was assessed using a matched sample of similar offenders from a time when CARA was not available. The matching was based on a host of offender and victim characteristics and machine learning methods were employed. The results show that the CARA intervention has a significant impact on the amount of recidivism but no significant reduction in the severity of the crimes. The benefit-cost ratio in both police force areas is greater than one and estimated to be 2.75 and 11.1, respectively, across the two police force areas. Thus, for each pound (£) invested in CARA, there is an economic benefit of 2.75-11.1 pounds, annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Karavias
- Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eddie Kane
- Centre for Health and Justice, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heather D Flowe
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Minhas S, Qian Hui Lim R, Raindi D, Gokhale KM, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, Bandyopadhyay S, Nirantharakumar K, Adderley NJ, Chandan JS. Exposure to domestic abuse and the subsequent risk of developing periodontal disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12631. [PMID: 36619466 PMCID: PMC9813698 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Periodontal disease and domestic abuse (DA) are significant public health problems. Previous cross-sectional evidence indicates an association between DA exposure and development of periodontal disease. There have been no large-scale cohort studies exploring this relationship in a UK-setting. Our aim was to conduct a population-based retrospective open cohort study to explore the association between DA exposure and the subsequent development of general practitioner (GP)-coded periodontal disease. Materials and methods We undertook a retrospective open-cohort study using the IQVIA Medical Research Database (IMRD) UK database between the 1st January 1995 to 31st January 2021. Women (aged 18 years and over) exposed to DA were matched by age, deprivation, and smoking status to up to 4 unexposed women, all of whom had no pre-existing record of periodontal disease. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) to describe the risk of developing periodontal disease in the exposed group. Results 23429 exposed patients were matched to 69815 unexposed patients. During the study period, 78 exposed patients had developed GP-recorded periodontal disease compared to 154 in the unexposed group, translating to an IR of 94.18 per 100,000 person years (py) and 54.67 per 100,000 py respectively. Following adjustment for key covariates, this translated to an aHR of 1.74 (95% CI 1.31-2.32), which was robust during our sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our results provide further evidence that DA exposure is associated with increased risk of developing periodontal disease. There is a need for swift implementation of public health policies to improve surveillance, reporting, and prevention of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonica Minhas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Qian Hui Lim
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, United Kingdom
| | - Devan Raindi
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna M. Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Adderley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Desai R, Bandyopadhyay S, Zafar S, Bradbury-Jones C. The Experiences of Post-Separation Survivors of Domestic Violence During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Qualitative Study in the United Kingdom. Violence Against Women 2022:10778012221142914. [PMID: 36474432 PMCID: PMC9742736 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221142914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-separation for domestic violence (DV) survivors is known to be a period of heightened risk of domestic homicide. Evidence points to increased rates of DV during the Covid-19 pandemic, with specific challenges in help-seeking from DV services, yet studies that capture this qualitatively are still emerging. This UK study investigated the experiences of 21 separated DV survivors (all women) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Inductive, thematic analysis highlighted participants' psychological distress, isolation, fear of Covid-19 transmission, and detachment from support networks. The findings reflect the interconnected nature of adversities experienced by DV survivors and the exacerbation of these due to the insidious, multifaceted, and synergistic impacts of DV and the pandemic.
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Zafar S, Bradbury-Jones C, Bandyopadhyay S. Impacts of an Intervention to Improve the Identification, Referral and Safety of Those Experiencing Domestic Violence: A Mixed Methods Study in the UK. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16181. [PMID: 36498255 PMCID: PMC9739523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first evaluation of the impacts on long-term health issues (and associations with ethnicity and poverty) of a domestic violence intervention, Identification and Referral to Improve Safety (IRIS). IRIS is a domestic violence training, support and referral programme based mainly in primary care settings. This was a convergent, parallel, mixed methods UK study. In the quantitative phase, we matched the health records of 294 patients who had a marker for domestic violence with records from a domestic violence support service to track the health conditions of participants before and after referral to IRIS. In the qualitative phase, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 21 women who had received IRIS support and thematically analysed the data. Descriptive statistics indicated that, at the point of referral to IRIS, participants had a variety of health conditions, with a reduction on a number of mental and overall physical health conditions post-IRIS. Qualitative data are reported under five prominent themes: life before, driving forces for help-seeking, experiences of support, perceived impacts and recovery as a journey. Overall, we found that IRIS support was associated with a positive impact on participants. The study highlights the benefits of improved identification and referral of domestic violence survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Zafar
- College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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14
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Bradbury-Jones C, Herber OR, Miller R, Taylor J. Improving the visibility and description of theory in qualitative research: The QUANTUM typology. SSM Qual Res Health 2022; 2:None. [PMID: 36531299 PMCID: PMC9753101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2021.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between theory and qualitative research has been much debated. In 2014, based on an analysis of qualitative studies, we published a five-point typology on the levels of visibility expounded in such studies. The typology captured a range of theoretical visibility - from seemingly absent to consistently applied. In 2020, we undertook a project to critique and revise the typology, guided by the ADAPT-ITT framework. ADAPT-ITT was developed originally to inform the adaptation of evidence-based interventions to new geographic regions, cultural contexts or populations related to HIV. It has subsequently evolved as a helpful framework in a number of health and social fields. The ADAPT-ITT framework provides a systematic, stepwise process that allows existing interventions to be adapted, rather than creating new interventions unnecessarily. The use of ADAPT-ITT to guide the adaptation of a methodological framework (as opposed to a health intervention) is novel and we used it flexibly, as reported in this article. Core to this process was the engagement of 14 international qualitative research experts, drawn mainly from health and social science disciplines. The outcome was a revised typology, presented in this article. We offer this as a reflexive aide for the conduct and reporting of qualitative research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Rudolf Herber
- Witten/Herdecke University, School of Nursing Science, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Institute of General Practice, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Miller
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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15
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Nash K, Minhas S, Metheny N, Gokhale KM, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, Bandyopadhyay S, Nirantharakumar K, Chandan JS, Adderley NJ. Association between childhood maltreatment and atopy in the UK: A population based retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101730. [PMID: 36467451 PMCID: PMC9716335 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment affects over one in three children worldwide and is associated with a substantial disease burden. This study explores the association between childhood maltreatment and the development of atopic disease. METHODS We did a population-based retrospective matched open cohort study using participating general practices between 1st January 1995 and 30th September 2019. Read codes were utilised to identify patients exposed to childhood maltreatment (either suspected or confirmed) who were matched to up to four unexposed patients by age, sex, general practice, and Townsend deprivation quintile. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted (age, sex, Townsend deprivation quintile) hazard ratios (aHR) for development of atopy (asthma, atopic dermatitis, or allergic rhino conjunctivitis) during follow up in those without atopy at study entry. RESULTS 183,897 exposed patients were matched to 621,699 unexposed patients. During the follow up period, 18,555 patients (incidence rate (IR) 28.18 per 1000 person-years) in the exposed group developed atopic disease compared to the 68,368 (IR 23.58 per 1000 person-years) in the unexposed group, translating to an adjusted HR of 1.14 (95% CI 1.12-1.15). Notably, the risk of developing asthma was aHR 1.42 (95% CI 1.37-1.46). Associations were more pronounced in analyses restricted to females and confirmed cases of childhood maltreatment only. INTERPRETATION Considering the substantial health burden associated with childhood maltreatment, it is important to implement public health policies aimed at enhancing: 1) detection and primary prevention of childhood maltreatment, 2) secondary and tertiary prevention interventions to reduce the burden of ill health associated with exposure to maltreatment and 3) clinical awareness of such associations and subsequent knowledge of management. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Nash
- Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, RG1 5AN, UK
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sonica Minhas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - Nicholas Metheny
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Miami, 33146, USA
| | - Krishna M. Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | | | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nicola J. Adderley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Donagh B, Bradbury-Jones C, Swift A, Taylor J. Domestic Abuse Sibling studY (DASY): a multimethod study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065022. [PMID: 36253046 PMCID: PMC9577929 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is an everyday aspect of many children and young people's lives, both in the home and in their own relationships. Studies estimate that up to one million children and young people experience some form of DVA each year in the UK. Although the majority of families experiencing DVA have more than one child, most research to date has focused on individual children within these families. This study aims to explore the views of practitioners, parent/carers and young people on sibling responses in the context and aftermath of DVA. Our protocol has followed SPIRIT guidelines. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We propose a multimethod study consisting of semistructured interviews, the completion of Sibling Relationship Questionnaires, photovoice interviews and illustrative case studies to explore sibling experiences in the context and aftermath of DVA. A purposive sample of front-line practitioner participants will be recruited and interviewed first. We will ask them to introduce us to parent/carer and young people participants using a snowball approach (n=70). Qualitative data will be analysed through reflexive thematic analysis, theoretically underpinned by critical realism, to explore patterns in participants' views and experiences of siblings in the context and aftermath of DVA. Quantitative data collected from the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire's four domains (warmth/closeness, power/status, conflict and rivalry) will be analysed. Data triangulation of the quantitative and qualitative data within this study will occur at the results interpretation stage. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Birmingham Research Ethic Committee (ERN_21-0795). Findings will be published in open access peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences and events. Child-facing infographics and front-line practitioner guides will also be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Donagh
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amelia Swift
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Azar M, Kroll T, Bradbury-Jones C. How do nurses and midwives perceive their role in sexual healthcare? BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:330. [PMID: 35927719 PMCID: PMC9354325 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nurses and midwives role in sexual healthcare is essential to help patients, particularly women, ensure a satisfactory sexual wellbeing. Yet, these professionals often overlook this aspect of patients’ health. Little is known regarding nurses and midwives’ attitudes, views and experiences concerning sexual healthcare. Using a naturalistic inquiry approach, this qualitative study was conducted to overcome this limitation and gain insights into nurses and midwives' role in the delivery of sexual healthcare.
Methods
A purposive sample of nurses and midwives was chosen from different clinical sites. Data generated by focus group discussions were were analysed using the Framework Analysis while adopting different strategies to ensure rigour. The study aligns with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist.
Results
Five themes illustrated the participants’ views and experiences. These are: ‘Perceptions of sexuality’, ‘Appreciating the discussion around the individuals' sexual issues’, ‘Muting the discussion around the individuals’ sexual issues, ‘Coping with embarrassment’, and ‘Promoting nurses’ and midwives’ roles sexual healthcare’. Nurses and midwives discussed the importance of sexuality in the couple's life. They reported controversial views and highlighted many challenges that make them reluctant in playing an efficient role in sexual healthcare. They discussed many suggestions, mainly getting a solid sexual health education to become better equipped to meet patients’ sexual health needs.
Conclusion
Findings are critical to empower nurses and midwives, break the barriers in discussing sexual healthcare and integrate this aspects of care more actively and confidently in daily practice.
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18
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Beishon L, Haunton V, Bradbury-Jones C, Subramaniam H, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Panerai RB, Robinson T, Evley R. The Cognition and Flow Study (CogFlowS): A Mixed Method Evaluation of a Randomized Feasibility Trial of Cognitive Training in Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1013-1031. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cognitive training (CT) may be beneficial in delaying the onset or slowing dementia progression. CT has been evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively, but none have used mixed methods approaches. Objective: The aim of this study was to use a mixed methods approach to identify those who may selectively benefit from CT. Methods: This was an explanatory sequential mixed methods study involving a quantitative randomized trial of 12 weeks multi-domain CT in healthy older adults (HC, n = 20), and people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 12) and dementia (n = 24). Quantitative outcomes included: cognition, mood, quality of life, and activities of daily living. 28 (10 HC, 6 MCI, 12 dementia) training participants completed semi-structured interviews with their carer. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated using joint displays. Results: Three participants dropped out from the training early-on, leaving 25 participants with follow-up data for full integration (10 HC, 6 MCI, 9 dementia). Dropouts and lower adherence to training were more common in dementia participants with greater non-modifiable barriers. High adherers were more resilient to negative emotions, and poorer or fluctuating performance. Integrated analysis found the majority of participants (n = 24) benefited across outcomes, with no clear profile of individuals who benefited more than others. Participants made a number of key recommendations to improve adherence and minimize dropout to CT. Conclusion: Reasons for dropout and low adherence were identified, with recommendations provided for the design of CT for dementia. An individual approach to training should be adopted and low adherence should not preclude engagement with CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Beishon
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria Haunton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, The Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Hari Subramaniam
- The Evington Centre, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Leicester, Psychology and Behaviour, Leicester, UK
| | - Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska
- The Evington Centre, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Leicester, Psychology and Behaviour, Leicester, UK
| | - Ronney B. Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, The Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thompson Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, The Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachel Evley
- Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Science, University of Nottingham, UK
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19
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Thomas SN, Weber S, Bradbury-Jones C. Using Participatory and Creative Methods to Research Gender-Based Violence in the Global South and With Indigenous Communities: Findings From a Scoping Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2022; 23:342-355. [PMID: 32441215 PMCID: PMC8905117 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020925775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a synthesis of existing research on best practice recommendations for the use of participatory and creative methods to research gender-based violence in the Global South. Following a five-stage scoping review process, 44 papers, which each related to at least two of the three parts of the topic, were selected for inclusion. A frequency table was compiled to identify the elements of best practice, which were most common across the literature. Qualitative content analysis was then used to group these elements into inductive themes. An overarching theme of safety was identified, along with four broad and intersecting domains underpinning ethical research approaches in this area: contextual, reflexive, relational, and transformative. The validity of these themes was confirmed through consultation with partners, who also emphasized the importance of a survivor-centered approach. The aims, methods, barriers, evidence for practice, and research recommendations (AMBER) framework was developed for this project as an innovative tool for analyzing the data collected and drawing out the relevance for research practice. The framework draws out the aims, methods, and barriers involved in participatory research in this context and sets out best practice recommendations and directions for future research in the following areas: (1) ensuring safety of participants and researchers, (2) redressing power inequalities within the research process, (3) embedding locally responsive ethical frameworks, and (4) understanding cultural context and respecting cultural norms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanne Weber
- International Development Department, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Alshawush K, Hallett N, Bradbury-Jones C. The impact of transition programmes on workplace bullying, violence, stress and resilience for students and new graduate nurses: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:2398-2417. [PMID: 34811826 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to identify whether transition programmes support new graduate nurses and nursing students in terms of dealing with workplace violence, bullying and stress and enhance new graduate nurses' resilience during the transition from education to clinical practice. BACKGROUND Many new graduate nurses in their first year of employment experience issues at work such as violence, bullying and stress, which forces them to leave their jobs. Nursing students also experienced these issues during their clinical rotation. However, some hospitals and universities have developed transition programmes to help nursing students and new graduate nurses and ease their transition from education to clinical practice. Although transition programmes have been successful in increasing the retention rate for new graduate nurses, their impact on supporting new graduate nurses and nursing students in dealing with workplace violence, bullying and stress and in enhancing their resilience is unknown. DESIGN A scoping review of the current literature (with no date limit) using the PRISMA-ScR checklist for reporting scoping reviews was utilised. METHOD Following the scoping review framework of Arksey and O'Malley, a broad search (with no date limit) was performed in CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, ASSIA, PsycINFO, Embase, PROSPERO and ProQuest Dissertation databases. Reference lists of the included studies were searched. RESULTS This review found that most transition programmes provide support for new graduate nurses when dealing with workplace violence, bullying and stress. Transition programmes varied in length, content and implementation. Preceptors' support, educational sessions and safe work environments are the most beneficial elements of transition programmes for supporting new graduate nurses. Education sessions about resilience provide new graduate nurses with knowledge about how to deal and cope with stressful situations in the work environment. We found no studies that focused on nursing students. CONCLUSION The paucity of research on transition programmes' impact on workplace violence and bullying means that further research is recommended. This to determine which strategies support nursing students and new graduate nurses in clinical practice and to explore the effect of these programmes on experiences of workplace violence and bullying. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Evidence indicates that there is a worldwide gap in how universities and colleges prepare nursing students for transitioning from the education system to clinical practice. New graduate nurses and nurse managers regularly report that their education did not fully provide them with the skills required for their transition to clinical practice. Transition programmes support new graduate nurses to deal with workplace violence and bullying and need to have structured implementation. Ongoing evaluation is required to ensure that the programmes meet the needs of nursing students and new graduate nurses and health organisations, improve new graduate nurses' transition to clinical practice safely, enhance their resilience to overcome issues in the workplace (such as violence, bullying and stress) and reduce their turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Alshawush
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nutmeg Hallett
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Nursing, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Chandan JS, Thomas T, Raza K, Bradbury-Jones C, Taylor J, Bandyopadhyay S, Nirantharakumar K. Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Developing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP12279-NP12298. [PMID: 31805821 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519888515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue with a variety of ill health consequences associated with exposure. Due to the stimulation of chronic stress and inflammatory pathways, childhood abuse has been associated with the subsequent development of functional syndromes such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Although IPV in women appears to elicit similar biochemical responses, this association has not been tested thoroughly in IPV survivors. These functional syndromes are complex in etiology and any indication of their risk factors would benefit health care professionals managing this population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between exposure to IPV with functional syndromes: fibromyalgia and CFS. We conducted a retrospective open cohort study using "The Heath Improvement Network" database between January 1, 1995 and December 1, 2017. A total of 18,547 women who were exposed to IPV were each matched by age to four controls who were not exposed (n = 74,188). The main outcome measures were the risk of developing fibromyalgia and CFS. These were presented as adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that 97 women in the exposed group developed fibromyalgia (incidence rate [IR] = 1.63 per 1,000 person-years) compared to 239 women in the unexposed group (IR = 0.83 per 1,000 person-years). Following adjustment, this translated to an IRR of 1.73 (95% CI = [1.36, 2.22]). Similarly, 19 women developed CFS in the exposed group (IR = 0.32 per 1,000 person-years), compared to 53 in the unexposed group (0.18 per 1,000 person-years), which translates to an aIRR of 1.92 (95% CI = [1.11, 3.33]). Therefore, we have identified an association between a history of IPV in women and the development of these functional syndromes, which may provide more information to inform the biopsychosocial pathway precipitating the development of fibromyalgia and CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karim Raza
- University of Birmingham, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Julie Taylor
- University of Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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22
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Weber S, Hardiman M, Kanja W, Thomas S, Robinson-Edwards N, Bradbury-Jones C. Towards Ethical International Research Partnerships in Gender-Based Violence Research: Insights From Research Partners in Kenya. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:2909-2931. [PMID: 34657534 PMCID: PMC9361417 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211035798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research with survivors of gender-based violence in low- and middle-income countries is
important to improve understanding of experiences of violence and the policies that can
help combat it. But this research also implies risks for survivors, such as
re-traumatization, safety concerns, and feelings of exploitation. These risks are
magnified if research is undertaken by researchers from high-income countries, whose
positionality produces power inequalities affecting both participants and research
partners. This article describes the ethical challenges of international gender-based
violence research from the perspective of Kenyan researchers and organizations and
identifies recommendations about how to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Weber
- 1724Department of International Development, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Margaret Hardiman
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Siân Thomas
- Department of Social Work and Social Care, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Shah S, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C. Barriers and enablers to participating in regular screening programmes for women with cerebral palsy: A qualitative life course study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:823-833. [PMID: 34617320 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the barriers and enablers to regular, women-oriented screening programmes for women with cerebral palsy (CP); and to discuss the participants' suggestions for change. DESIGN Qualitative life course approach. METHODS Twenty-five life course interviews were conducted with women in 2020 who identified as having a diagnosis of CP. Interviews were conducted in person or using electronic platforms. Framework analysis was used to interpret the data. FINDINGS Access and utilization of regular screening programmes for women with CP across the life course are determined by multiple socioecological factors. Three themes are discussed focusing particularly on cervical and breast screening: 1. barriers, 2. enablers and 3. women's suggestions for change. Some women chose to opt out of sexual health checks for fear they would be too uncomfortable or the procedure would be too difficult. Practitioner attitudes towards disability in general, as well as the extent to which they understood the effects of CP for women, was highlighted as a barrier. Accessibility and adaptability of the environment also influenced women's uptake of screening. CONCLUSION Women with CP face many challenges to their sexual and reproductive healthcare. These can deter them from participating in regular women-oriented screening programmes, which puts them at higher risk of preventable diseases. Understanding the lifelong effects of CP for women, and the interaction with their reproductive health could help to reduce unmet needs and increase participation in relevant screening across the life course. IMPACT Knowledge of the challenges to regular screening programmes experienced by women with CP across the life course is crucial to provide appropriate preventative healthcare for women with CP across different stages of life. Elements of this knowledge could have benefits for the care of all disabled women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Shah
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Chandan JS, Subramanian A, Chandan JK, Gokhale KM, Vitoc A, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, Bandyopadhyay S, Nirantharakumar K. The risk of COVID-19 in survivors of domestic violence and abuse. BMC Med 2021; 19:246. [PMID: 34556112 PMCID: PMC8460316 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 'shadow pandemic' of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) has emerged secondary to strict public health measures containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Many countries have implemented policies to allow the free movement of DVA survivors in attempts to minimise their exposure to abusive environments. Although these policies are well received, as a result there is a possibility of increased COVID-19 transmission within this vulnerable group who are not currently prioritised for vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to compare the risk of developing suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in women (aged over 16 years) exposed to DVA against age-sex-matched unexposed controls, following adjustment for known COVID-19 risk factors. A population-based retrospective open cohort study was undertaken between the 31 January 2020 and 28 February 2021 using 'The Health Improvement Network' database. We identified 10,462 eligible women exposed to DVA who were matched to 41,467 similarly aged unexposed women. Following adjustment for key covariates, women exposed to DVA were at an increased risk (aHR 1.57; 95% CI 1.29-1.90) of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 compared to unexposed women. These findings support previous calls for positive policy action improving DVA surveillance and prioritising survivors for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, UK.
| | - Anuradhaa Subramanian
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | | | - Krishna M Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - Alecs Vitoc
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | | | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
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25
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Morley G, Bradbury-Jones C, Ives J. The moral distress model: An empirically informed guide for moral distress interventions. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:1309-1326. [PMID: 34423483 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore moral distress empirically and conceptually, to understand the factors that mitigate and exacerbate moral distress and construct a model that represents how moral distress relates to its constituent parts and related concepts. BACKGROUND There is ongoing debate about how to understand and respond to moral distress in nursing practice. DESIGN The overarching design was feminist empirical bioethics in which feminist interpretive phenomenology provided the tools for data collection and analysis, reported following the COREQ guidelines. Using reflexive balancing, the empirical data were combined with feminist theory to produce normative recommendations about how to respond to moral distress. The Moral Distress Model presented in this paper is a culmination of the empirical data and theory. METHODS Using feminist interpretive phenomenology, critical care nurses in the United Kingdom (n = 21) were interviewed and data analysed. Reflexive Balancing was used to integrate the data with feminist theory to provide normative recommendations about how to understand moral distress. RESULTS There are five compounding factors that exacerbate/ mitigate nurses' experiences of moral distress: epistemic injustice; the roster lottery; conflict between one's professional and personal responsibilities; ability to advocate and team dynamics. In addition to the causal connection and responses to moral distress, these factors make up the moral distress model which can guide approaches to mitigate moral distress. CONCLUSIONS The Moral Distress Model is the culmination of these data and theorising formulated into a construct to explain how each element interacts. We propose that this model can be used to inform the design of interventions to address moral distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Morley
- Center for Bioethics and Stanley, S.Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jonathan Ives
- Centre for Ethics in Medicine, University of Bristol, Birstol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Bradbury-Jones C, Aveyard H. The incomplete scope of scoping reviews: A framework for improving the quality of reporting. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:e67-e68. [PMID: 34405465 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
This qualitative study explored the way middle-aged Lebanese women address their sexual difficulties. Data analysis revealed three overarching themes and subthemes. From these we developed a help-seeking behavior framework for sexual difficulties. The framework focuses on: the perception of the problem, the beliefs about help-seeking and the sources of help. This framework can be used to facilitate access to personalized sexuality-related care based on a better understanding of the complex interplay of personal, socio-cultural and service-related factors that influence help-seeking behavior for sexual problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Azar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nagham Azar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Azar M, Bradbury-Jones C, Kroll T. Middle-aged Lebanese women's interpretation of sexual difficulties: a qualitative inquiry. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:203. [PMID: 34001078 PMCID: PMC8127220 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study explores women's perception and experience of sexual difficulties. The need to address the subject was triggered by the scarcity of research that reflects on women's subjective views on sexual difficulties. This is particularly crucial for middle-aged women who frequently experience hormonal and psychosocial changes that may affect their sexual life. METHODS Using in-depth individual and focus groups interviews, 52 Lebanese women aged 40-55 years discussed their thoughts, feelings and behaviours concerning sexual difficulties. Women were recruited purposefully from clinical and non-clinical settings to get maximum sampling variation that provided rich information and deep understanding of the subject. Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed about the framework analysis. Many strategies were adopted to ensure rigour. RESULTS Women's narratives led to four themes: women's inability to communicate sexual desires and concerns; male sexual difficulties; marital conflicts; and sexual difficulties as context-bound. Women's sexual difficulties are driven by double standards and inhibiting sexual socialisation. Once married, many women had very challenging sexual experiences. They were obliged to silently bear their husbands' poor sexual performance to protect their masculinity and thus their social image and identity. Women's narratives also showed that marital conflicts, daily life problems as well as physical and psychological burdens further challenged their sexual wellbeing and contributed to their sexual difficulties. CONCLUSION The study makes a unique contribution to voicing women's views and concerns as sexuality is insufficiently researched and reported in Lebanon. It emphasises the multidimensional nature of female sexual difficulties, particularly the gender-based norms that inhibit their sexual selves and profoundly affect their sexual wellbeing and capacity to claim their sexual likes and dislikes. Findings have implications on research and practice to help women prevent and overcome their sexual difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Azar
- Faculty of Health Sciences - University of Balamand. St George Health Complex, Youssef Sursock Street. P.o. Box. 166378 Ashrafieh, Beirut, 1100-2807, Lebanon.
| | | | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, UK
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Bradbury-Jones C, Isham L, Morris AJ, Taylor J. The "Neglected" Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Oral Health? An International Scoping Review of Research. Trauma Violence Abuse 2021; 22:265-276. [PMID: 31043121 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019841598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the oral health needs of children who have, or are suspected of having, experienced abuse or neglect has become a focus of concern. It is thus valuable and timely to map the contemporary nature of the research landscape in this expanding field. This review reports the findings of a scoping review of the international empirical literature. The aim was to explore the relationship between child maltreatment and oral health and how this complex issue is addressed in contemporary dental, health, and social work practice. The review identified 68 papers, analysis of which identified three themes: (1) There is a relationship between poor oral health and child maltreatment that is well evidenced but conceptually underdeveloped. (2) There are discrepancies between the knowledge of members of the dental team about child maltreatment and their confidence and aptitude to identify and report child protection concerns. (3) There are areas of local-level policy and practice development that seek to improve working relationships between dentists and health and social work practitioners; however, there is widespread evidence that the oral health needs of this group of vulnerable children are not consistently met. To orientate critical discussion and planning for future research and practice, we present the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations (PAGER) framework. The review's findings are likely to be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working across dentistry, health and social work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Isham
- 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julie Taylor
- 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Sammut D, Kuruppu J, Hegarty K, Bradbury-Jones C. Which Violence Against Women Educational Strategies Are Effective for Prequalifying Health-Care Students?: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2021; 22:339-358. [PMID: 31122182 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019843198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global public health issue which disproportionately affects women. Health-care providers have an important role in recognizing and addressing GBV in practice, yet research suggests that the issue remains underrecognized, with many qualified professionals reporting lack of confidence and a sense of unpreparedness. Prequalifying GBV educational strategies are inconsistent in both quantity and quality worldwide, and to date, there has been no comprehensive review of those programs' effectiveness. This internationally focused literature review aimed to identify best educational practices in GBV for prequalifying health-care students. A systematic search of six databases yielded 17 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, with all studies examining one or more educational intervention. Quality appraisal was undertaken and data were tabulated to capture relevant information. Thematic findings suggest that interactive educational strategies yield better results than didactic approaches. Similarly, interventions with a focus on practical application of learning are generally preferred over strictly theoretical approaches. Courses of longer duration seem to be more effective in instilling attitudinal changes. Lastly, gendered differences were noted in a number of studies, with female students consistently outperforming males. However, more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of single- versus mixed-gender audiences. This review makes a useful contribution to the literature of health education, supporting many findings from previous studies and identifying knowledge gaps to be explored in future research. There are implications for both educators and practitioners in creating discernible change for women in their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sammut
- School of Nursing, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Kuruppu
- Department of General Practice, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 2281University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelsey Hegarty
- Department of General Practice, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 2281University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chandan JS, Keerthy D, Gokhale KM, Bradbury-Jones C, Raza K, Bandyopadhyay S, Taylor J, Nirantharakumar K. The association between exposure to domestic abuse in women and the development of syndromes indicating central nervous system sensitization: A retrospective cohort study using UK primary care records. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1283-1291. [PMID: 33559289 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic abuse is a global public health issue. The association between the development of central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) and previous exposure to domestic abuse has been poorly understood particularly within European populations. METHODS A retrospective cohort study using the 'The Health Improvement Network,' (UK primary care medical records) between 1st January 1995-31st December 2018. 22,604 adult women exposed to domestic abuse were age matched to 44,671 unexposed women. The average age at cohort entry was 36 years and the median follow-up was 2.5 years. The outcomes of interest were the development of a variety of syndromes which demonstrate central nervous system sensitization. Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and temporomandibular joint disorder outcomes have been reported previously. Outcomes were adjusted for the presence of mental ill health. RESULTS During the study period, women exposed to domestic abuse experienced an increased risk of developing chronic lower back pain (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 2.28; 95% CI 1.85-2.80), chronic headaches (aIRR 3.15; 95% CI 1.07-9.23), irritable bowel syndrome (aIRR 1.41; 95% CI 1.25-1.60) and restless legs syndrome (aIRR 1.89; 95% CI 1.44-2.48). However, no positive association was seen with the development of interstitial cystitis (aIRR 0.52; 95% CI 0.14-1.93), vulvodynia (aIRR 0.42; 95% CI 0.14-1.25) and myofascial pain syndrome (aIRR 1.01; 95% CI 0.28-3.61). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the need to consider a past history of domestic abuse in patients presenting with CSS; and also consider preventative approaches in mitigating the risk of developing CSS following exposure to domestic abuse. SIGNIFICANCE Domestic abuse is a global public health issue, with a poorly understood relationship with the development of complex pain syndromes. Using a large UK primary care database, we were able to conduct the first global cohort study to explore this further. We found a strong pain morbidity burden associated with domestic abuse, suggesting the need for urgent public health intervention to not only prevent domestic abuse but also the associated negative pain consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Deepiksana Keerthy
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Krishna Margadhamane Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay
- Centre of Crime, Justice and Policing, The Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Midlands Health Data Research UK & Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Rockowitz S, Flowe H, Bradbury-Jones C. Post-rape medicolegal service provision and policy in East Africa: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:63. [PMID: 33627185 PMCID: PMC7905664 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is an epidemic that continues to affect both men and women in East Africa. Despite the high prevalence of SGBV in this region, sexual offense policies are often unclear, poorly enforced, or completely lacking. When policies do exist practitioners who assist survivors in the aftermath of the violation often are unaware of them, or may not implement them for a host of reasons (e.g., culture, personal beliefs, and resource limitations). This scoping review seeks to evaluate the literature on existing sexual offense policies in East Africa and understand the consequences of its implementation, or lack thereof, on a survivor's justice and medical and psychological wellbeing. METHODS This scoping review will be guided by the amended Arksey and O'Malley framework recommendations (Levac et al., Implementation Science. 2010) and the 2015 Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines (Peters et al., Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual, 2020). The results will be presented using the adapted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews chart (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy for this scoping review will include entering search terms into electronic databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus, The British Library, and Web of Science. A "cited by" search will be conducted, which will also include entering references from the reference lists from other articles. Grey literature will be included in the review, which will be identified through searching individual country's government websites, and other websites, such as the World Health Organization and the United Nations Human Rights Council. All references will be exported to Endnote library. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full articles. Thematic analysis will be used to evaluate the included articles. DISCUSSION Understanding the legal and regulatory context of SGBV in East Africa and its associations with service provision will generate knowledge on implications for wellbeing. This information can be used to evaluate potential human rights violations and inform future policy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://osf.io/vh3gm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rockowitz
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, 52 Pritchatts Road, Birmingham, B15 2SA, UK.
| | - Heather Flowe
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, 52 Pritchatts Road, Birmingham, B15 2SA, UK
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Nikupeteri
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
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Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, Ogik P, Kawuma F, Betts J, Lund P. Reactions to and explanations for the birth of a baby with albinism: a qualitative study in Busoga, Uganda. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040992. [PMID: 33622943 PMCID: PMC7907870 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Babies born with the genetic condition albinism lack pigment in their hair, skin and eyes due to compromised melanin production. This leads to poor vision and the risk of early death due to skin cancer. In Uganda, one of the least developed countries in the world, their lack of pigmentation makes them very different in appearance within their communities. Local explanations of albinism include links to witchcraft and the supernatural. We aimed to explore reactions to the birth of a baby with albinism in Uganda. DESIGN Secondary analysis of birth stories derived from qualitative interviews and focus group discussions in sharing circles. SETTING Interviews took place in the Busoga subregion (kingdom) in the eastern part of Uganda. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-three (73) participants took part in eight sharing circles (n=56) and 17 individual interviews. Participants included people with albinism, parents of people with albinism and a range of other interested parties, including local leaders and teachers. RESULTS Reactions were generally those of shock and rejection, although cases of acceptance were also recorded. The varied explanations given to account for this unexpected event included accounts involving witchcraft, ghosts, animal familiars and religion, as well as genetics. In a framework surmising that someone must possess a dark skin to be intrinsically valued in African societies a baby with albinism does not fulfil this requirement of 'personhood'. The mother was often blamed for having produced some 'thing' that is not a proper person. CONCLUSIONS We argue that a biomedical explanation, although unlikely to displace other understandings, helps to establish a baby with albinism as a real person with a genetic difference, and hence fosters greater acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Ogik
- Source of the Nile Union for Persons with Albinism, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Fazira Kawuma
- Source of the Nile Union for Persons with Albinism, Jinja, Uganda
| | | | - Patricia Lund
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Abdallah B, Whitford H, Bradbury-Jones C, Jones M. Perceptions and attitudes of parents and healthcare professionals about the option of using infant massage in neonatal intensive care units. J Clin Nurs 2020; 30:499-507. [PMID: 33205534 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant moderate pressure massage is an effective evidence-based intervention that counters the consequences of prematurity and exposure to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment. This touch-based therapy reduces physiological stress and improves physical, cognitive and neurological development in stable preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. Currently, little is known about the barriers and facilitators that surround its implementation. AIMS This study explored the cultural, organisational and contextual factors perceived by parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs) about the option of implementing infant massage in the Lebanese context. METHODS A qualitative exploratory approach informed by normalisation process theory (NPT) was used; 22 parents and 38 HCPs were recruited from three university hospitals over 7-month period. COREQ guidelines were used to inform reporting and as a quality appraisal checklist. Framework approach was used for data analysis of the focus groups (seven with parents, six with HCPs) and non-participant observation. The four constructs of NPT guided data collection and analysis, interpretation of the findings and understanding of the implementation issues. FINDINGS Four themes emerged: understanding infant massage; perception of massage benefits and risks; perceived barriers for engaging in the practice of massage, and strategies to facilitate future implementation. Participants were accepting of the massage concept. However, HCPs were concerned that workload and lack of time would make implementation difficult and interfere with daily care. Both groups highlighted parental fear and anxiety, entry to NICU, and space availability as main contextual and organisational implementation barriers. Communication, gradual implementation, encouragement and support were potential facilitators perceived by parents while adequate preparation, commitment, and establishing protocol and guidelines were the identified facilitators for HCPs. CONCLUSION Study findings provide important insights into the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of massage to assist in future evidence-based interventions within and beyond the Lebanese NICU context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia Abdallah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | | | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martyn Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Jack SM, Munro-Kramer ML, Williams JR, Schminkey D, Tomlinson E, Jennings Mayo-Wilson L, Bradbury-Jones C, Campbell JC. Recognising and responding to intimate partner violence using telehealth: Practical guidance for nurses and midwives. J Clin Nurs 2020; 30:588-602. [PMID: 33141467 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To synthesise the current, global evidence-informed guidance that supports nurses and midwives to recognise and respond to intimate partner violence (IPV), and how these practices can be translated from face-to-face encounters to care that is delivered through telehealth. BACKGROUND COVID-19-related social and physical distancing measures increase the risk for individuals who are socially isolated with partners who perpetuate violence. Providing support through telehealth is one strategy that can mitigate the pandemic of IPV, while helping patients and providers stay safe from COVID-19. DESIGN AND METHODS In this discursive paper, we describe how practical guidance for safely recognising and responding to IPV in telehealth encounters was developed. The ADAPT-ITT (Assessment, Decisions, Administration, Production, Topical Experts, Integration, Testing, Training) framework was used to guide the novel identification and adaptation of evidence-informed guidance. We focused on the first six stages of the ADAPT-ITT framework. CONCLUSIONS This paper fills a gap in available guidance, specifically for IPV recognition and response via telehealth. We present strategies for prioritising safety and promoting privacy while initiating, managing or terminating a telehealth encounter with patients who may be at risk for or experiencing IPV. Strategies for assessment, planning and intervention are also summarised. System-level responses, such as increasing equitable access to telecommunication technology, are also discussed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Integrating innovative IPV-focused practices into telehealth care is an important opportunity for nurses and midwives during the current global COVID-19 pandemic. There are also implications for future secondary outbreaks, natural disasters or other physically isolating events, for improving healthcare efficiency, and for addressing the needs of vulnerable populations with limited access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Jack
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jessica R Williams
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donna Schminkey
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Behavioral Studies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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Alshawush KA, Hallett N, Bradbury-Jones C. Impact of transition programmes for students and new graduate nurses on workplace bullying, violence, stress and resilience: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038893. [PMID: 33127633 PMCID: PMC7604821 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The shortage of nurses is projected to grow, and the number of new graduate nurses (NGNs) who are predicted to replace expert nurses has increased. Meanwhile, those NGNs leaving their job within the first year, give various reasons for leaving, including workplace bullying and violence. In response, some hospitals and universities have developed nurse transition programmes such as nurse residency programmes and nurse internship programmes to attract NGNs and to assist in their changing status from education to practice. Although these programmes have been successful in decreasing the turnover rate for new nurses and are cost-effective, their impact on workplace bullying and violence has not been systematically reviewed and is yet to be determined. A scoping review will be conducted to address this gap. The aim is to identify current knowledge regarding the content of transition programmes and their impact in supporting NGNs dealing with workplace violence, bullying and stress. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Arksey and O'Malley's scoping framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidance will guide the methodology process of the review. Published studies, with no date limit, will be identified through the electronic databases (CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ASSIA, PsycINFO, Embase, PROSPERO and ProQuest Dissertation) and reference lists. Primary key terms will be 'novice nurse', 'new graduate nurses' and 'transition programmes'. Two reviewers, guided by standardised procedures, will perform the study selection process independently. Data from the selected studies will be extracted using a data extraction form. Thematic analysis (for qualitative papers) and descriptive summary of the results (for quantitative papers) will be performed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this review. Findings will be used to inform future study designs to evaluate the transition programmes and disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nutmeg Hallett
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Chandan JS, Thomas T, Bradbury-Jones C, Russell R, Bandyopadhyay S, Nirantharakumar K, Taylor J. Female survivors of intimate partner violence and risk of depression, anxiety and serious mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 217:562-567. [PMID: 31171045 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, intimate partner violence (IPV) cohorts have demonstrated associations with depression and anxiety. However, this association has not yet been described in a UK population, nor has the association with serious mental illness (SMI). AIMS To explore the relationship between IPV exposure and mental illness in a UK population. METHOD We designed a retrospective cohort study whereby we matched 18 547 women exposed to IPV to 74 188 unexposed women. Outcomes of interest (anxiety, depression and SMI) were identified through clinical codes. RESULTS At baseline, 9174 (49.5%) women in the exposed group had some form of mental illness compared with 17 768 (24.0%) in the unexposed group, described as an adjusted odds ratio of 2.62 (95% CI 2.52-2.72). Excluding those with mental illness at baseline, 1254 exposed women (incidence rate 46.62 per 1000 person-years) went on to present with any type of mental illness compared with 3119 unexposed women (incidence rate 14.93 per 1000 person-years), with an aIRR of 2.77 (95% CI 2.58-2.97). Anxiety (aIRR 1.99, 95% CI 1.80-2.20), depression (aIRR 3.05, 95% CI 2.81-3.31) and SMI (aIRR 3.08, 95% CI 2.19-4.32) were all associated with exposure to IPV. CONCLUSIONS IPV remains a significant public health issue in the UK. We have demonstrated the significant recorded mental health burden associated with IPV in primary care, at both baseline and following exposure. Clinicians must be aware of this association to reduce mental illness diagnostic delay and improve management of psychological outcomes in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joht Singh Chandan
- Academic Clinical Fellow in Public Health, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Tom Thomas
- Clinical Research Fellow, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- Reader in Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Russell
- Public Health Registrar, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay
- Professor of Economics and Director of the Centre of Crime, Justice and Policing, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Senior Clinical Lecturer, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- Professor of Child Protection, School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Irvine FE, Clark MT, Efstathiou N, Herber OR, Howroyd F, Gratrix L, Sammut D, Trumm A, Hanssen TA, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C. The state of mixed methods research in nursing: A focused mapping review and synthesis. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2798-2809. [PMID: 32896959 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To consider the scope and quality of mixed methods research in nursing. DESIGN Focused mapping review and synthesis (FMRS). DATA SOURCES Five purposively selected journals: International Journal of Nursing Studies, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, and Journal of Mixed Methods Research. REVIEW METHODS In the target journals, titles and abstracts from papers published between 2015-2018 were searched for the words or derivative words 'mixed methods'. Additional keyword searches were undertaken using each journal's search tool. We included studies that investigated nursing and reported to use a mixed methods approach. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were read in full and information was extracted onto a predetermined pro forma. Findings across journals were then synthesized to illustrate the current state of mixed methods research in nursing. RESULTS We located 34 articles that reported on mixed methods research, conducted across 18 countries. Articles differed significantly both within and across journals in terms of conformity to a mixed methods approach. We assessed the studies for the quality of their reporting as regard the use of mixed methods. Nineteen studies were rated as satisfactory or good, with 15 rated as poorly described. Primarily, a poor rating was due to the absence of stating an underpinning methodological approach to the study and/or limited detail of a crucial integration phase. CONCLUSIONS Our FMRS revealed a paucity of published mixed methods research in the journals selected. When they are published, there are limitations in the detail given to the underpinning methodological approach and theoretical explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oliver R Herber
- Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Fiona Howroyd
- Critical Care and Therapy Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Dana Sammut
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Tove A Hanssen
- UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Julie Taylor
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Clancy M, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, Phillimore J. A systematic review exploring palliative care for families who are forced migrants. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2872-2884. [PMID: 32865848 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the palliative care experiences of forced migrant children, families, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) highlighting successes, challenges, and associated practice implications. DESIGN Systematic literature review. DATA SOURCES The following search engines were searched from 2008 - 2018: Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Psycinfo, and Web of Science. Extensive reference and citation checking were also conducted. REVIEW METHODS Systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines with prepared PROSPERO registered protocol #CRD42019129200. English language qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods studies were eligible for inclusion. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). RESULTS Eighteen studies (reported in 20 articles) met the final inclusion criteria. Most focused on challenges to care provision. Thematic analysis following methods proposed by Braun and Clarke was undertaken. Five themes were identified: (a) divergence of beliefs and expectations; (b) communication; (c) navigating healthcare systems; (d) burdens and coping strategies; and (e) training and knowledge. A compassionate, collaborative approach with mutual respect crossed themes and was linked to high-quality care. CONCLUSION Forced migrant families have multiple needs including physical and emotional support and help in navigating complex systems. Professional interpreters can ease communication barriers when resourced appropriately. Individualized care is crucial to addressing the intricate mosaic of culture such families present. A cultural sensitivity/insensitivity framework is presented that may help guide future interactions and priorities for those working in children's palliative care. IMPACT This systematic review explored the international experiences of palliative care for forced migrant families. The findings highlight the plight of families who experience multiple traumas and increased levels of grief and loss through their migration experiences and when caring for a child with a life-limiting condition. This research has potential to have an impact on professionals working with culturally diverse families in all palliative care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Clancy
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jenny Phillimore
- School of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Caswell RJ, Maidment I, Ross JDC, Bradbury-Jones C. How, why, for whom and in what context, do sexual health clinics provide an environment for safe and supported disclosure of sexual violence: protocol for a realist review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037599. [PMID: 32554729 PMCID: PMC7304828 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Supporting people subjected to sexual violence includes provision of sexual and reproductive healthcare. There is a need to ensure an environment for safe and supported disclosure of sexual violence in these clinical settings. The purpose of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of how, why, for whom and in what circumstances safe and supported disclosure occurs in sexual health services. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To understand how safe and supported disclosure of sexual violence works within sexual health services a realist review will be undertaken with the following steps: (1) Focussing of the review including a scoping literature search and guidance from an advisory group. (2) Developing the initial programme theories and a search strategy using context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. (3) Selection, data extraction and appraisal based on relevance and rigour. (4) Data analysis and synthesis to further develop and refine programme theory, CMO configurations with consideration of middle-range and substantive theories. DATA ANALYSIS A realist logic of analysis will be used to align data from each phase of the review, with CMO configurations being developed. Programme theories will be sought from the review that can be further tested in the field. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the ethics committee at University of Birmingham, and has Health Research Authority approval. Findings will be disseminated through knowledge exchange with stakeholders, publications in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and formal and informal reports. In addition, as part of a doctoral study, the findings will be tested in multisite case studies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION DETAILS CRD4201912998. Dates of the planned realist review, from protocol design to completion, January 2019 to July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Caswell
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Maidment
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan D C Ross
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Chandan JS, Gokhale KM, Bradbury-Jones C, Nirantharakumar K, Bandyopadhyay S, Taylor J. Exploration of trends in the incidence and prevalence of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse recording in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study using 'the health improvement network' database. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036949. [PMID: 32499272 PMCID: PMC7279643 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Describe the epidemiology of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse (in women). DESIGN Analysis of longitudinal records between 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2018. SETTING UK primary care database: 'The Health Improvement Network' (THIN). PARTICIPANTS 11 831 850 eligible patients from 787 contributing practices. Childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse (women only) were defined as the presence of a recorded Read code. OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence rate (IR) and prevalence of childhood maltreatment (in children aged 0-18 years) and domestic abuse (in women aged over 18) between 1996 and 2017. An adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) is given to examine the differences in IRs based on sex, ethnicity and deprivation. RESULTS The age and gender breakdown of THIN has been previously reported to be representative of the UK population, however, there is substantial missing information on deprivation quintiles (<20%) and ethnicity (approximately 50%). The IR (IR 60.1; 95% CI 54.3 to 66.0 per 100 000 child years) and prevalence (416.1; 95% CI 401.3 to 430.9 per 100 000 child population) of childhood maltreatment rose until 2017. The aIRR was greater in patients from the most deprived backgrounds (aIRR 5.14; 95% CI 4.57 to 5.77 compared with least deprived) and from an ethnic minority community (eg, black aIRR 1.25; 1.04 to 1.49 compared with white). When examining domestic abuse in women, in 2017, the IR was 34.5 (31.4 to 37.7) per 100 000 adult years and prevalence 368.7 (358.7 to 378.7) per 100 000 adult population. Similarly, the IR was highest in the lowest socioeconomic class (aIRR 2.30; 2.71 to 3.30) and in ethnic minorities (South Asian aIRR 2.14; 1.92 to 2.39 and black aIRR 1.64; 1.42 to 1.89). CONCLUSION Despite recent improvements in recording, there is still a substantial under-recording of maltreatment and abuse within UK primary care records, compared with currently existing sources of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse data. Approaches must be implemented to improve recording and detection of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse within medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joht Singh Chandan
- University of Warwick Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Krishna Margadhamane Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Chandan JS, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, Nirantharakumar K, Kane E, Bandyopadhyay S. COVID-19: a public health approach to manage domestic violence is needed. Lancet Public Health 2020; 5:e309. [PMID: 32401709 PMCID: PMC7252171 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joht Singh Chandan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Crime, Justice, and Policing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Julie Taylor
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Crime, Justice, and Policing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Caroline Bradbury-Jones
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Crime, Justice, and Policing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Crime, Justice, and Policing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eddie Kane
- Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Health and Justice, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Crime, Justice, and Policing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Jackson D, Bradbury-Jones C, Baptiste D, Gelling L, Morin KH, Neville S, Smith GD. International Nurses Day 2020: Remembering nurses who have died in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:2050-2052. [PMID: 32390287 PMCID: PMC7272897 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jackson
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Diana Baptiste
- John Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Karen H Morin
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Graeme D Smith
- Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
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Jackson D, Bradbury-Jones C, Baptiste D, Gelling L, Morin K, Neville S, Smith GD. Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:2041-2043. [PMID: 32281185 PMCID: PMC7228254 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jackson
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Karen Morin
- University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Graeme D Smith
- Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
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Kumar K, Bradbury-Jones C, Armitage CJ, Peters S, Raizada S, Wong P. EP24 A comparison of the effect of written leaflets, online information and real-time Doppler images: a qualitative study in South Asians. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa109.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is poor medication adherence in patients of South Asian origin with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are limited interventions to improve patient engagement. The objective of this study was to explore how patients of South Asian origin make sense of their disease after receiving written leaflets compared to online information or visualising real-time Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) images of their inflamed joints.
Methods
Patients of South Asian origin with RA were recruited from two NHS hospitals in the West Midlands, UK. In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken following exposure to vignettes designed to elicit patients’ perspectives on: (1) written leaflets, (2) online information to complement face-to-face interaction with healthcare professionals, and (3) DUS during the early stages of the disease journey. Data were analysed thematically until data saturation was reached in twenty individuals.
Results
The responses to vignette scenarios were described by patients: [1] perspectives on written leaflets at the early stages of the disease journey, [2] perspectives of online information to compliment face-to-face interaction with healthcare professionals, [3] perspective of DUS during the early stages of the disease journey. Overall, patients found real-time DUS more valuable in understanding RA and RA medications compared to other methods. Patients reported DUS reduced anxiety and helped address misconceptions about long-term disease and its ability to be controlled.
Conclusion
We have developed new understanding regarding the educational utility of a DUS session in patients of South Asian origin and how these sessions can be optimised to increase patient engagement and medication adherence.
Disclosures
K. Kumar None. C. Bradbury-Jones None. C. Armitage None. S. Peters None. S. Raizada None. P. Wong None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Kumar
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom. Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sarah Peters
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sabrina Raizada
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK, Wolverhampton, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Peter Wong
- Department of Rheumatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
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Kumar K, Bradbury-Jones C, Armitage CJ, Peters S, Raizada S, Wong P. Comparing reactions to written leaflets, online information and real-time Doppler images among South Asian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2020; 4:rkaa009. [PMID: 32551414 PMCID: PMC7293862 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is poor adherence to medication in patients of South Asian origin with RA. There are limited numbers of interventions to improve patient engagement. The objective of this study was to explore how patients of South Asian origin make sense of their disease after receiving written leaflets compared with online information or visualizing real-time Doppler US images of their inflamed joints. Methods Patients of South Asian origin with RA were recruited from two National Health Service hospitals in the West Midlands, UK. In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken after exposure to vignettes designed to elicit patients’ perspectives on: written leaflets; online information to complement face-to-face interaction with health-care professionals; and Doppler US during the early stages of the disease journey. Data were analysed thematically until data saturation was reached in 20 individuals. Results The responses to vignette scenarios were described by the patients. Overall, patients found real-time Doppler US more valuable in understanding RA and RA medications compared with other methods. Patients reported that Doppler US reduced anxiety and helped to address misconceptions about the long-term disease and its ability to be controlled. Conclusion We have developed new understanding regarding the educational utility of a Doppler US session in patients of South Asian origin and how these sessions can be optimized to increase patient engagement and adherence to medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Kumar
- Insitute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | - Christopher J Armitage
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester
| | - Sarah Peters
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - Sabrina Raizada
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trusts, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Peter Wong
- Department of Rheumatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Shah S, Bradbury-Jones C, Taylor J. Using Facebook to tell stories of premature ageing and sexual and reproductive healthcare across the life course for women with cerebral palsy in the UK and USA. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032172. [PMID: 32071173 PMCID: PMC7044878 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enhance understanding of the bodily and lifestyle effects of ageing with cerebral palsy (CP) for women, with a particular focus on experiences with sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) services in the UK and North America. DESIGN A qualitative study underpinned by feminist disability theory and drawing on digital ethnographies to capture health and healthcare experiences for women with CP. SETTING A global community of 140 women with CP, who are members of the closed international Facebook group, Women Ageing with Cerebral Palsy (WACP). PARTICIPANTS Forty-five members of WACP who were based in the UK and North America. The women were aged between 21 and 75. METHODS Messages posted on WACP between January 2018 and October 2018 were collated and underwent thematic analysis to identify themes relating to effects of ageing and experiences of SRH for women with CP at different points over the female life course. RESULTS The breadth of experiences in relation to the effects of ageing and access to reproductive and sexual healthcare for women with CP can be divided into three themes: (1) bodily effects of ageing; (2) lifestyle effects of ageing; (3) experiences of reproductive and sexual healthcare. CONCLUSIONS Giving women with CP a platform to 'speak for themselves' in relation to effects of ageing and SRH provides health professionals with an informed knowledge base on which to draw. This might improve treatment for this growing adult patient community whose experiences have not received attention in health discourse or services. Including these experiences in public medical and social discourse can also bring a new knowledge to girls with CP about what ageing could mean for them so plans can be put in place for their future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Shah
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Bradbury-Jones
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Taylor
- School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Isham L, Bradbury-Jones C, Hewison A. Female family carers' experiences of violent, abusive or harmful behaviour by the older person for whom they care: a case of epistemic injustice? Sociol Health Illn 2020; 42:80-94. [PMID: 31515820 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Family carers affected by violent, abusive or harmful behaviour by the older person for whom they care face social and epistemic challenges in developing and sharing knowledge about their experiences. These difficulties have contributed to a situation in which there is a paucity of evidence and public discourse about how we understand violence and harm instigated by people who have care needs or are 'vulnerable'. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study that involved 12 in-depth interviews with female carers affected by violence, abuse or harm. The study was informed theoretically by Miranda Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice which was used as a framework for analysis. There were two principal findings: (1) Carers were sensitive to anticipatory stigma and loss of moral autonomy. As a result, they self-censured what they shared and, at times, were met with subtle but powerful processes of silencing. (2) Carers had limited linguistic and conceptual resources to explain the emotional and social aspects of the harm they experienced, exacerbated by implicit social norms about the 'private' and gendered nature of familial care. To conclude, we discuss the implications of these findings for sociological research and health and social care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Isham
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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