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Liu S, Gao Y, Feng X, Xu Y, Hu M, Fei H, Zheng H, Huang J, Li T, Zhao C, Sun L. A novel study on CXXC5: unraveling its regulatory mechanisms in hematopoietic stem cell biology through proteomics and gene editing. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:1133-1147. [PMID: 39150611 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the role of CXXC5 in the self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the bone marrow microenvironment, utilizing advanced methodologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), CRISPR-Cas9, and proteomic analysis. METHODS We employed flow cytometry to isolate HSCs from bone marrow samples, followed by scRNA-seq analysis using the 10x Genomics platform to examine cell clustering and CXXC5 expression patterns. CRISPR-Cas9 and lentiviral vectors facilitated the knockout and overexpression of CXXC5 in HSCs. The impact on HSCs was assessed through qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8, CFU, and LTC-IC assays, alongside flow cytometry to measure apoptosis and cell proportions. A mouse model was also used to evaluate the effects of CXXC5 manipulation on HSC engraftment and survival rates. RESULTS Our findings highlight the diversity of cell clustering and the significant role of CXXC5 in HSC regulation. Knockout experiments showed reduced proliferation and accelerated differentiation, whereas overexpression led to enhanced proliferation and delayed differentiation. Proteomic analysis identified key biological processes influenced by CXXC5, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In vivo results demonstrated that CXXC5 silencing impaired HSC engraftment in a bone marrow transplantation model. CONCLUSION CXXC5 is crucial for the regulation of HSC self-renewal and differentiation in the bone marrow microenvironment. Its manipulation presents a novel approach for enhancing HSC function and provides a potential therapeutic target for hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianqi Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Minghui Hu
- Clinical Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hairong Fei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- Clinical Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tianlan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunting Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lingjie Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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Yao S, Guo R, Tian W, Zheng Y, Hu J, Han G, Yin R, Zhou F, Zhang H. Epigenetic modifications in hematopoietic ecosystem: a key tuner from homeostasis to acute myeloid leukemia. BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00206. [PMID: 39281854 PMCID: PMC11398801 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain homeostasis in the hematopoietic ecosystem, which is tightly regulated at multiple layers. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe hematologic malignancy driven by genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the transformation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Since somatic mutations in DNA methylation-related genes frequently occur in AML, DNA methylation is widely altered and functions as a starting engine for initiating AML. Additionally, RNA modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A), also play an important role in the generation and maintenance of the hematopoietic ecosystem, and AML development requires reprogramming of m6A modifications to facilitate cells with hallmarks of cancer. Given the complex pathogenesis and poor prognosis of AML, it is important to fully understand its pathogenesis. Here, we mainly focus on DNA methylation and RNA m6A modification in hematopoiesis and AML and summarize recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongxia Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanbing Zheng
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang X, Qian S, Wu P, Yu B, Yin D, Peng X, Li S, Xiao Z, Xie Z. Tumor-associated macrophage-derived itaconic acid contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by promoting immune escape via TET2. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:413. [PMID: 39192276 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor of epithelial origin in head and neck with high incidence rate in South China, Southeast Asia and North Africa. The intervention of tumor-associated macrophages (Mφs) (TAMs)-mediated immunosuppression is a potential therapeutic strategy against tumor metastasis, but the exact mechanisms of TAM-mediated immunosuppression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma are unclear. Furthermore, how TAM affects the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through metabolism is rarely involved. In this work, we revealed that NPC cells promoted M2-type Mφ polarization and elevated itaconic acid (ITA) release. Also, TAMs facilitated NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through immune response gene 1 (IRG1)-catalyzed ITA production. Then, IRG1-mediated ITA production in TAMs repressed the killing of CD8+ T cells, induced M2-type polarization of TAMs, and reduced the phagocytosis of TAMs. Moreover, we demonstrated ITA played a tumor immunosuppressive role by binding and dampening ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) expression. Finally, we proved that ITA promotes NPC growth by facilitating immune escape in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell humanized mice. In Conclusion, TAM-derived ITA facilitated NPC progression by enhancing immune escape through targeting TET2, highlighting that interfering with the metabolic pathway of ITA may be a potential strategy for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shen'er Qian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping'an Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Hongkong- Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benquan Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danhui Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Institute of Otology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Institute of Otology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zuozhong Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Institute of Otology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Lu B, Liu Y, Yao Y, Zhu D, Zhang X, Dong K, Xu X, Lv D, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Yang X, Fu W, Huang R, Cao J, Chu J, Pan X, Cui X. Unveiling the unique role of TSPAN7 across tumors: a pan-cancer study incorporating retrospective clinical research and bioinformatic analysis. Biol Direct 2024; 19:72. [PMID: 39175035 PMCID: PMC11340126 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TSPAN7 is an important factor in tumor progression. However, the precise function of TSPAN7 and its role in pan-cancer are not clear. METHODS Based on Xinhua cohort incorporating 370 patients with kidney neoplasm, we conducted differential expression analysis by immunohistochemistry between tumor and normal tissues, and explored correlations of TSPAN7 with patients' survival. Subsequently, we conducted a pan-cancer study, and successively employed differential expression analysis, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, correlation analysis of TSPAN7 with clinical characteristics, tumor purity, tumor genomics, tumor immunity, and drug sensitivity. Last but not least, gene set enrichment analysis was applied to identify enriched pathways of TSPAN7. RESULTS In Xinhua cohort, TSPAN7 expression was significantly up-regulated (P-value = 0.0019) in tumor tissues of kidney neoplasm patients. High TSPAN7 expression was associated with decreases in overall survival (OS) (P-value = 0.009) and progression-free survival (P-value = 0.009), and it was further revealed as an independent risk factor for OS (P-value = 0.0326, HR = 5.66, 95%CI = 1.155-27.8). In pan-cancer analysis, TSPAN7 expression was down-regulated in most tumors, and it was associated with patients' survival, tumor purity, tumor genomics, tumor immunity, and drug sensitivity. The ceRNA network and PPI network of TSPAN7 were also constructed. Last but not least, the top five enriched pathways of TSPAN7 in various tumors were identified. CONCLUSION TSPAN7 served as a promising biomarker of various tumors, especially kidney neoplasms, and it was closely associated with tumor purity, tumor genomics, tumor immunology, and drug sensitivity in pan-cancer level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Lu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuntao Yao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dawei Zhu
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Pinghu, Zhejiang, 314200, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Keqin Dong
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Pinghu, Zhejiang, 314200, China
| | - Donghao Lv
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zihui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenjia Fu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Urology, the Second People's Hospital of Pinghu, Zhejiang, 314200, China.
| | - Jian Chu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China.
| | - Xiuwu Pan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Ma J, Ross SR. Multifunctional role of DEAD-box helicase 41 in innate immunity, hematopoiesis and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1451705. [PMID: 39185415 PMCID: PMC11341421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1451705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
DEAD-box helicases are multifunctional proteins participating in many aspects of cellular RNA metabolism. DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in particular has pivotal roles in innate immune sensing and hematopoietic homeostasis. DDX41 recognizes foreign or self-nucleic acids generated during microbial infection, thereby initiating anti-pathogen responses. DDX41 also binds to RNA (R)-loops, structures consisting of DNA/RNA hybrids and a displaced strand of DNA that occur during transcription, thereby maintaining genome stability by preventing their accumulation. DDX41 deficiency leads to increased R-loop levels, resulting in inflammatory responses that likely influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production and development. Beyond nucleic acid binding, DDX41 associates with proteins involved in RNA splicing as well as cellular proteins involved in innate immunity. DDX41 is also a tumor suppressor in familial and sporadic myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia (MDS/AML). In the present review, we summarize the functions of DDX helicases in critical biological processes, particularly focusing on DDX41's association with cellular molecules and the mechanisms underlying its roles in innate immunity, hematopoiesis and the development of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan R. Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Teng S, Han C, Zhou J, He Z, Qian W. m 5C RNA methylation: a potential mechanism for infectious Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1440143. [PMID: 39175875 PMCID: PMC11338875 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1440143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a variety of factors, including age, genetic susceptibility, cardiovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of AD is largely associated with the overproduction and accumulation of amyloid-β peptides and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the brain. Recent studies have identified the presence of diverse pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, in the tissues of AD patients, underscoring the critical role of central nervous system infections in inducing pathological changes associated with AD. Nevertheless, it remains unestablished about the specific mechanism by which infections lead to the occurrence of AD. As an important post-transcriptional RNA modification, RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation regulates a wide range of biological processes, including RNA splicing, nuclear export, stability, and translation, therefore affecting cellular function. Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that multiple pathogenic microbial infections are associated with the m5C methylation of the host. However, the role of m5C methylation in infectious AD is still uncertain. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms of pathogen-induced AD and summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms of m5C methylation in infectious AD, thereby providing new insight into exploring the mechanism underlying infectious AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Teng
- Department of Neurology, Shangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cunqiao Han
- Department of Emergency, Shangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Emergency, Shangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, and Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhang X, An K, Ge X, Sun Y, Wei J, Ren W, Wang H, Wang Y, Du Y, He L, Li O, Zhou S, Shi Y, Ren T, Yang YG, Kan Q, Tian X. NSUN2/YBX1 promotes the progression of breast cancer by enhancing HGH1 mRNA stability through m 5C methylation. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:94. [PMID: 38844963 PMCID: PMC11155144 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA m5C methylation has been extensively implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors. As the main methyltransferase, NSUN2 plays a crucial regulatory role across diverse tumor types. However, the precise impact of NSUN2-mediated m5C modification on breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying how NSUN2 regulates the target gene HGH1 (also known as FAM203) through m5C modification, thereby promoting BC progression. Additionally, this study targets at preliminarily clarifying the biological roles of NSUN2 and HGH1 in BC. METHODS Tumor and adjacent tissues from 5 BC patients were collected, and the m5C modification target HGH1 in BC was screened through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-base resolution m5C methylation sequencing (RNA-BisSeq). Methylation RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) confirmed that the methylation molecules NSUN2 and YBX1 specifically recognized and bound to HGH1 through m5C modification. In addition, proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and Ribosome sequencing (Ribo-Seq) were used to explore the biological role of HGH1 in BC. RESULTS As the main m5C methylation molecule, NSUN2 is abnormally overexpressed in BC and increases the overall level of RNA m5C. Knocking down NSUN2 can inhibit BC progression in vitro or in vivo. Combined RNA-seq and RNA-BisSeq analysis identified HGH1 as a potential target of abnormal m5C modifications. We clarified the mechanism by which NSUN2 regulates HGH1 expression through m5C modification, a process that involves interactions with the YBX1 protein, which collectively impacts mRNA stability and protein synthesis. Furthermore, this study is the first to reveal the binding interaction between HGH1 and the translation elongation factor EEF2, providing a comprehensive understanding of its ability to regulate transcript translation efficiency and protein synthesis in BC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily clarifies the regulatory role of the NSUN2-YBX1-m5C-HGH1 axis from post-transcriptional modification to protein translation, revealing the key role of abnormal RNA m5C modification in BC and suggesting that HGH1 may be a new epigenetic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ke An
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jingyao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Weihong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yueqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Lulu He
- Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ouwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shaoxuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Rd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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8
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Chen M, Chen Y, Wang K, Deng X, Chen J. Non‐m 6A RNA modifications in haematological malignancies. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1666. [PMID: 38880983 PMCID: PMC11180698 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated RNA modifications, stemming from the aberrant expression and/or malfunction of RNA modification regulators operating through various pathways, play pivotal roles in driving the progression of haematological malignancies. Among RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, the most abundant internal mRNA modification, stands out as the most extensively studied modification. This prominence underscores the crucial role of the layer of epitranscriptomic regulation in controlling haematopoietic cell fate and therefore the development of haematological malignancies. Additionally, other RNA modifications (non-m6A RNA modifications) have gained increasing attention for their essential roles in haematological malignancies. Although the roles of the m6A modification machinery in haematopoietic malignancies have been well reviewed thus far, such reviews are lacking for non-m6A RNA modifications. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles and implications of non-m6A RNA modifications, including N4-acetylcytidine, pseudouridylation, 5-methylcytosine, adenosine to inosine editing, 2'-O-methylation, N1-methyladenosine and N7-methylguanosine in haematopoietic malignancies. We summarise the regulatory enzymes and cellular functions of non-m6A RNA modifications, followed by the discussions of the recent studies on the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of non-m6A RNA modifications in haematological malignancies. We also highlight the potential of therapeutically targeting dysregulated non-m6A modifiers in blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- Department of HematologyFujian Institute of HematologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory on HematologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Department of HematologyFujian Institute of HematologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory on HematologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia ResearchCity of Hope Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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9
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Zhuang S, Liu Z, Wu J, Yao Y, Li Z, Shen Y, Yu B, Wu D. Can O-GIcNAc Transferase (OGT) Complex Be Used as a Target for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:664. [PMID: 38931332 PMCID: PMC11206344 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The circulatory system is a closed conduit system throughout the body and consists of two parts as follows: the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. Hematological malignancies usually grow and multiply in the circulatory system, directly or indirectly affecting its function. These malignancies include multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) regulates the function and stability of substrate proteins through O-GlcNAc modification. Abnormally expressed OGT is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, including hematological malignancies, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. In cells, OGT can assemble with a variety of proteins to form complexes to exercise related biological functions, such as OGT/HCF-1, OGT/TET, NSL, and then regulate glucose metabolism, gene transcription, cell proliferation, and other biological processes, thus affecting the development of hematological malignancies. This review summarizes the complexes involved in the assembly of OGT in cells and the role of related OGT complexes in hematological malignancies. Unraveling the complex network regulated by the OGT complex will facilitate a better understanding of hematologic malignancy development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donglu Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (S.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
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10
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Gilbert G, Renaud Y, Teste C, Anglaret N, Bertrand R, Hoehn S, Jurkowski TP, Schuettengruber B, Cavalli G, Waltzer L, Vandel L. Drosophila TET acts with PRC1 to activate gene expression independently of its catalytic activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn5861. [PMID: 38701218 PMCID: PMC11068012 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family play a key role in the regulation of gene expression by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC), a prominent epigenetic mark in many species. Yet, TET proteins also have less characterized noncanonical modes of action, notably in Drosophila, whose genome is devoid of 5mC. Here, we show that Drosophila TET activates the expression of genes required for larval central nervous system (CNS) development mainly in a catalytic-independent manner. Genome-wide profiling shows that TET is recruited to enhancer and promoter regions bound by Polycomb group complex (PcG) proteins. We found that TET interacts and colocalizes on chromatin preferentially with Polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1) rather than PRC2. Furthermore, PRC1 but not PRC2 is required for the activation of TET target genes. Last, our results suggest that TET and PRC1 binding to activated genes is interdependent. These data highlight the importance of TET noncatalytic function and the role of PRC1 for gene activation in the Drosophila larval CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guerric Gilbert
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoan Renaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Camille Teste
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nadège Anglaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romane Bertrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sven Hoehn
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Tomasz P. Jurkowski
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Bernd Schuettengruber
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas Waltzer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Vandel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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11
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Li X, Chen W, Liu D, Chen P, Wang S, Li F, Chen Q, Lv S, Li F, Chen C, Guo S, Yuan W, Li P, Hu Z. Pathological progression of osteoarthritis: a perspective on subchondral bone. Front Med 2024; 18:237-257. [PMID: 38619691 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-024-1061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease associated with aging. The rising global aging population has led to a surge in OA cases, thereby imposing a significant socioeconomic burden. Researchers have been keenly investigating the mechanisms underlying OA. Previous studies have suggested that the disease starts with synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, advancing toward cartilage degradation. Ultimately, subchondral-bone collapse, sclerosis, and osteophyte formation occur. This progression is deemed as "top to bottom." However, recent research is challenging this perspective by indicating that initial changes occur in subchondral bone, precipitating cartilage breakdown. In this review, we elucidate the epidemiology of OA and present an in-depth overview of the subchondral bone's physiological state, functions, and the varied pathological shifts during OA progression. We also introduce the role of multifunctional signal pathways (including osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)/CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)) in the pathology of subchondral bone and their role in the "bottom-up" progression of OA. Using vivid pattern maps and clinical images, this review highlights the crucial role of subchondral bone in driving OA progression, illuminating its interplay with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pinghua Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiyun Wang
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shunyi Lv
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Suxia Guo
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weina Yuan
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pan Li
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Chakraborty M, Greenberg ZJ, Dong Q, Roundy N, Bednarski JJ, Paracatu LC, Duncavage E, Li W, Schuettpelz LG. Cutting Edge: The Tetraspanin CD53 Promotes CXCR4 Signaling and Bone Marrow Homing in B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1075-1080. [PMID: 38363205 PMCID: PMC10948292 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
B cell trafficking involves the coordinated activity of multiple adhesive and cytokine-receptor interactions, and the players in this process are not fully understood. In this study, we identified the tetraspanin CD53 as a critical regulator of both normal and malignant B cell trafficking. CXCL12 is a key chemokine in B cell homing to the bone marrow and secondary lymphoid organs, and both normal and malignant B cells from Cd53-/- mice have reduced migration toward CXCL12 in vitro, as well as impaired marrow homing in vivo. Using proximity ligation studies, we identified the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4, as a novel, to our knowledge, CD53 binding partner. This interaction promotes receptor function, because Cd53-/- B cells display reduced signaling and internalization of CXCR4 in response to CXCL12. Together, our data suggest that CD53 interacts with CXCR4 on both normal and malignant B cells to promote CXCL12 signaling, receptor internalization, and marrow homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zev J. Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nate Roundy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Bednarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luana Chiquetto Paracatu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Duncavage
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura G. Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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13
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Jung YY, Ahn KS, Shen M. Unveiling autophagy complexity in leukemia: The molecular landscape and possible interactions with apoptosis and ferroptosis. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216518. [PMID: 38043785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestion multistep process in which causes the homeostasis through degradation of macromolecules and damaged organelles. The autophagy-mediated tumor progression regulation has been a critical point in recent years, revealing the function of this process in reduction or acceleration of carcinogenesis. Leukemia is a haematological malignancy in which abnormal expansion of hematopoietic cells occurs. The current and conventional therapies from chemotherapy to cell transplantation have failed to appropriately treat the leukemia patients. Among the mechanisms dysregulated in leukemia, autophagy is a prominent one in which can regulate the hallmarks of this tumor. The protective autophagy inhibits apoptosis and ferroptosis in leukemia, while toxic autophagy accelerates cell death. The proliferation and invasion of tumor cells are tightly regulated by the autophagy. The direction of regulation depends on the function of autophagy that is protective or lethal. The protective autophagy accelerates chemoresistance and radio-resistsance. The non-coding RNAs, histone transferases and other pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR are among the regulators of autophagy in leukemia progression. The pharmacological intervention for the inhibition or induction of autophagy by the compounds including sesamine, tanshinone IIA and other synthetic compounds can chance progression of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of General Medicine, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Sanya, China.
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14
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Zheng J, Lu Y, Lin Y, Si S, Guo B, Zhao X, Cui L. Epitranscriptomic modifications in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation: advances, mechanistic insights, and beyond. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:9-27. [PMID: 37985811 PMCID: PMC10782030 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications, known as the "epitranscriptome", represent a key layer of regulation that influences a wide array of biological processes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These modifications, catalyzed by specific enzymes, often termed "writers", "readers", and "erasers", can dynamically alter the MSCs' transcriptomic landscape, thereby modulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and responses to environmental cues. These enzymes include members of the classes METTL, IGF2BP, WTAP, YTHD, FTO, NAT, and others. Many of these RNA-modifying agents are active during MSC lineage differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of different RNA modifications in MSCs, their roles in regulating stem cell behavior, and their implications in MSC-based therapies. It delves into how RNA modifications impact MSC biology, the functional significance of individual modifications, and the complex interplay among these modifications. We further discuss how these intricate regulatory mechanisms contribute to the functional diversity of MSCs, and how they might be harnessed for therapeutic applications. The review also highlights current challenges and potential future directions in the study of RNA modifications in MSCs, emphasizing the need for innovative tools to precisely map these modifications and decipher their context-specific effects. Collectively, this work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the role of the epitranscriptome in MSC biology, potentially advancing therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine and MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Si
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
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15
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Murphy LA, Winters AC. Emerging and Future Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Targeting the Leukemia Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3248. [PMID: 38137469 PMCID: PMC10741170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare subtype of acute leukemia in the pediatric and adolescent population but causes disproportionate morbidity and mortality in this age group. Standard chemotherapeutic regimens for AML have changed very little in the past 3-4 decades, but the addition of targeted agents in recent years has led to improved survival in select subsets of patients as well as a better biological understanding of the disease. Currently, one key paradigm of bench-to-bedside practice in the context of adult AML is the focus on leukemia stem cell (LSC)-targeted therapies. Here, we review current and emerging immunotherapies and other targeted agents that are in clinical use for pediatric AML through the lens of what is known (and not known) about their LSC-targeting capability. Based on a growing understanding of pediatric LSC biology, we also briefly discuss potential future agents on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Amanda C. Winters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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16
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Feng J, Xu T, He M, Li J, Yao P, Ma C, Yang S, Xu Z, Yan K, Chen X, Wang H, Liu J, Zeng C, Xia Y, Yan H, Zhou L, Chen Y. NSUN2-mediated m5C modification of HBV RNA positively regulates HBV replication. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011808. [PMID: 38048324 PMCID: PMC10721180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, despite strong prevention and treatment efforts. The study of the epigenetic modification of HBV has become a research hotspot, including the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of HBV RNA, which plays complex roles in the HBV life cycle. In addition to m6A modification, 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is another major modification of eukaryotic mRNA. In this study, we explored the roles of m5C methyltransferase and demethyltransferase in the HBV life cycle. The results showed that m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 deficiency could negatively regulate the expression of HBV while m5C demethyltransferase TET2 deficiency positively regulates the expression of HBV. Subsequently, we combined both in vitro bisulfite sequencing and high-throughput bisulfite sequencing methods to determine the distribution and stoichiometry of m5C modification in HBV RNA. Two sites: C2017 and C131 with the highest-ranking methylation rates were identified, and mutations at these two sites could lead to the decreased expression and replication of HBV, while the mutation of the "fake" m5C site had no effect. Mechanistically, NSUN2-mediated m5C modification promotes the stability of HBV RNA. In addition, compared with wild-type HepG2-NTCP cells and primary human hepatocytes, the replication level of HBV after NSUN2 knockdown decreased, and the ability of the mutant virus to infect and replicate in wild-type HepG2-NTCP cells and PHHs was substantially impaired. Similar results were found in the experiments using C57BL/6JGpt-Nsun2+/- mice. Interestingly, we also found that HBV expression and core protein promoted the endogenous expression of NSUN2, which implied a positive feedback loop. In summary, our study provides an accurate and high-resolution m5C profile of HBV RNA and reveals that NSUN2-mediated m5C modification of HBV RNA positively regulates HBV replication by maintaining RNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianmo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Animal Bio-safety Level III Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Yao
- Animal Bio-safety Level III Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Chengbao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaichao Xu
- Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Xia
- Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Animal Bio-safety Level III Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Animal Bio-safety Level III Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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