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Naito C, Kosar K, Kishimoto E, Pena L, Huang Y, Hao K, Bernieh A, Kasten J, Villa C, Kishnani P, Deeksha B, Gu M, Asai A. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) modeling validates reduced GBE1 enzyme activity due to a novel variant, p.Ile694Asn, found in a patient with suspected glycogen storage disease IV. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 39:101069. [PMID: 38516405 PMCID: PMC10955421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen Storage disease type 4 (GSD4), a rare disease caused by glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) deficiency, affects multiple organ systems including the muscles, liver, heart, and central nervous system. Here we report a GSD4 patient, who presented with severe hepatosplenomegaly and cardiac ventricular hypertrophy. GBE1 sequencing identified two variants: a known pathogenic missense variant, c.1544G>A (p.Arg515His), and a missense variant of unknown significance (VUS), c.2081T>A (p. Ile694Asn). As a liver transplant alone can exacerbate heart dysfunction in GSD4 patients, a precise diagnosis is essential for liver transplant indication. To characterize the disease-causing variant, we modeled patient-specific GBE1 deficiency using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Methods iPSCs from a healthy donor (iPSC-WT) were genome-edited by CRISPR/Cas9 to induce homozygous p.Ile694Asn in GBE1 (iPSC-GBE1-I694N) and differentiated into hepatocytes (iHep) or cardiomyocytes (iCM). GBE1 enzyme activity was measured, and PAS-D staining was performed to analyze polyglucosan deposition in these cells. Results iPSCGBE1-I694N differentiated into iHep and iCM exhibited reduced GBE1 protein level and enzyme activity in both cell types compared to iPSCwt. Both iHepGBE1-I694N and iCMGBE1-I694N showed polyglucosan deposits correlating to the histologic patterns of the patient's biopsies. Conclusions iPSC-based disease modeling supported a loss of function effect of p.Ile694Asn in GBE1. The modeling of GBE1 enzyme deficiency in iHep and iCM cell lines had multi-organ findings, demonstrating iPSC-based modeling usefulness in elucidating the effects of novel VUS in ultra-rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Naito
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karis Kosar
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eriko Kishimoto
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Loren Pena
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yilun Huang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaili Hao
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anas Bernieh
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Kasten
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chet Villa
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Priya Kishnani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bali Deeksha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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2
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Fetterman KA, Blancard M, Lyra-Leite DM, Vanoye CG, Fonoudi H, Jouni M, DeKeyser JML, Lenny B, Sapkota Y, George AL, Burridge PW. Independent compartmentalization of functional, metabolic, and transcriptional maturation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114160. [PMID: 38678564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) recapitulate numerous disease and drug response phenotypes, but cell immaturity may limit their accuracy and fidelity as a model system. Cell culture medium modification is a common method for enhancing maturation, yet prior studies have used complex media with little understanding of individual component contribution, which may compromise long-term hiPSC-CM viability. Here, we developed high-throughput methods to measure hiPSC-CM maturation, determined factors that enhanced viability, and then systematically assessed the contribution of individual maturation medium components. We developed a medium that is compatible with extended culture. We discovered that hiPSC-CM maturation can be sub-specified into electrophysiological/EC coupling, metabolism, and gene expression and that induction of these attributes is largely independent. In this work, we establish a defined baseline for future studies of cardiomyocyte maturation. Furthermore, we provide a selection of medium formulae, optimized for distinct applications and priorities, that promote measurable attributes of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ashley Fetterman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Malorie Blancard
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hananeh Fonoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jean-Marc L DeKeyser
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brian Lenny
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Opdensteinen P, Buyel JF. Optimizing interleukin-6 and 8 expression, clarification and purification in plant cell packs and plants for application in advanced therapy medicinal products and cellular agriculture. J Biotechnol 2024; 390:1-12. [PMID: 38740307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare and nutrition are facing a paradigm shift in light of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) and cellular agriculture options respectively. Both options heavily rely on some sort of animal cell culture, e.g. autologous stem cells. These cultures require various growth factors, such as interleukin-6 and 8 (IL-6/8), in a pure, safe and sustainable form that can be provided in a scalable manner. Plants seem well suited for this task because purification of small proteins can be readily achieved by membrane separation, human/animal pathogens do not replicate in plants and production can be scaled up using in-door farming or agricultural practices. Here, we illustrate this capacity by first optimizing the codon usage of IL-6/8 for translation in Nicotiana spp., as well as testing the effect of untranslated regions and product targeting to different sub-cellular compartments on expression in a high-throughput plant cell pack (PCP) assay. In the chloroplast, IL-6 accumulated up to 6.9±3.8 (SD, n=2) and 14.4±7.4 mg kg-1 (SD, n=5) were observed in case of IL-8. When transferring IL-8 expression into whole plants, accumulation was 12.3±1.5 mg kg-1 (SD, n=3). After extraction and clarification, IL-8 was purified using a two-stage process consisting of an ultrafiltration/diafiltration step with 100 kDa and 10 kDa cut off membranes followed by an IMAC polishing step. The purity, yield and recovery were 97.8%, 6.6 mg kg-1 and 38%, respectively. We evaluated the ability of the proposed purification process to remove endotoxins to ensure the compatibility of plant-made growth factors with cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Opdensteinen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, Aachen 52074, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Worringerweg 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - J F Buyel
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
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Pinheiro EA, DeKeyser JM, Lenny B, Sapkota Y, Burridge PW. Nilotinib-induced alterations in endothelial cell function recapitulate clinical vascular phenotypes independent of ABL1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7123. [PMID: 38532120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nilotinib is a highly effective treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia but has been consistently associated with the development of nilotinib-induced arterial disease (NAD) in a subset of patients. To date, which cell types mediate this effect and whether NAD results from on-target mechanisms is unknown. We utilized human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells for in vitro study of NAD. We found that nilotinib adversely affects endothelial proliferation and migration, in addition to increasing intracellular nitric oxide. Nilotinib did not alter endothelial barrier function or lipid uptake. No effect of nilotinib was observed in vascular smooth muscle cells, suggesting that NAD is primarily mediated through endothelial cells. To evaluate whether NAD results from enhanced inhibition of ABL1, we generated multiple ABL1 knockout lines. The effects of nilotinib remained unchanged in the absence of ABL1, suggesting that NAD results from off- rather than on-target signaling. The model established in the present study can be applied to future mechanistic and patient-specific pharmacogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E Superior St, Searle 8-525, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jean-Marc DeKeyser
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E Superior St, Searle 8-525, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian Lenny
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E Superior St, Searle 8-525, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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5
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Shin D, Kim CN, Ross J, Hennick KM, Wu SR, Paranjape N, Leonard R, Wang JC, Keefe MG, Pavlovic BJ, Donohue KC, Moreau C, Wigdor EM, Larson HH, Allen DE, Cadwell CR, Bhaduri A, Popova G, Bearden CE, Pollen AA, Jacquemont S, Sanders SJ, Haussler D, Wiita AP, Frost NA, Sohal VS, Nowakowski TJ. Thalamocortical organoids enable in vitro modeling of 22q11.2 microdeletion associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:421-432.e8. [PMID: 38382530 PMCID: PMC10939828 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Thalamic dysfunction has been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders. We sought to study the mechanisms by which abnormalities emerge in the context of the 22q11.2 microdeletion, which confers significant genetic risk for psychiatric disorders. We investigated early stages of human thalamus development using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids and show that the 22q11.2 microdeletion underlies widespread transcriptional dysregulation associated with psychiatric disorders in thalamic neurons and glia, including elevated expression of FOXP2. Using an organoid co-culture model, we demonstrate that the 22q11.2 microdeletion mediates an overgrowth of thalamic axons in a FOXP2-dependent manner. Finally, we identify ROBO2 as a candidate molecular mediator of the effects of FOXP2 overexpression on thalamic axon overgrowth. Together, our study suggests that early steps in thalamic development are dysregulated in a model of genetic risk for schizophrenia and contribute to neural phenotypes in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shin
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chang N Kim
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jayden Ross
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kelsey M Hennick
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sih-Rong Wu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Neha Paranjape
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Rachel Leonard
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jerrick C Wang
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew G Keefe
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan J Pavlovic
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin C Donohue
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Clara Moreau
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Emilie M Wigdor
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - H Hanh Larson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Denise E Allen
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cathryn R Cadwell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Galina Popova
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Integrative Center for Neurogenetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - David Haussler
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Nicholas A Frost
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Vikaas S Sohal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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KIMURA K, NAGAKURA H, TSUKAMOTO M, YOSHIDA T, SUGISAKI H, SHISHIDA K, TACHI Y, SHIMASAKI S, SUGIURA K, HATOYA S. Canine induced pluripotent stem cells can be successfully maintained in weekend-free culture systems. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:247-257. [PMID: 38171744 PMCID: PMC10963097 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) can provide useful insights into novel therapies in both veterinary and medical fields. However, limited accessibility to the present culture medium and requirement of considerable time, effort, and cost for routine ciPSC maintenance restrict advancement in ciPSC research. In addition, it is unknown whether ciPSC culture conditions influence differentiation propensity. We investigated the availability of the common human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) culture systems for ciPSC maintenance and the differentiation propensities of the ciPSCs maintained in these culture systems. StemFlex and mTeSR Plus supported PSC-like colony formation and pluripotency markers expression in ciPSCs even after five passages. Additionally, ciPSCs were maintained under weekend-free culture conditions with a stable growth rate, pluripotency marker expression, and differentiation abilities using vitronectin (VTN-N) and Geltrex. Following maintenance of spontaneously differentiated ciPSCs under various conditions by embryoid body formation, there were few differences in the differentiation propensities of ciPSCs among the tested culture conditions. Thus, ciPSCs were successfully cultured under weekend-free conditions for ciPSC maintenance using StemFlex or mTeSR Plus with VTN-N or Geltrex. The present study offers simpler and more effort-, time-, and cost-saving options for ciPSC culture systems, which may lead to further development in research using ciPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto KIMURA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroya NAGAKURA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya TSUKAMOTO
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi YOSHIDA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko SUGISAKI
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei SHISHIDA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta TACHI
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko SHIMASAKI
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kikuya SUGIURA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo HATOYA
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Netsrithong R, Garcia-Perez L, Themeli M. Engineered T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: from research towards clinical implementation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325209. [PMID: 38283344 PMCID: PMC10811463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived T (iT) cells represent a groundbreaking frontier in adoptive cell therapies with engineered T cells, poised to overcome pivotal limitations associated with conventional manufacturing methods. iPSCs offer an off-the-shelf source of therapeutic T cells with the potential for infinite expansion and straightforward genetic manipulation to ensure hypo-immunogenicity and introduce specific therapeutic functions, such as antigen specificity through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Importantly, genetic engineering of iPSC offers the benefit of generating fully modified clonal lines that are amenable to rigorous safety assessments. Critical to harnessing the potential of iT cells is the development of a robust and clinically compatible production process. Current protocols for genetic engineering as well as differentiation protocols designed to mirror human hematopoiesis and T cell development, vary in efficiency and often contain non-compliant components, thereby rendering them unsuitable for clinical implementation. This comprehensive review centers on the remarkable progress made over the last decade in generating functional engineered T cells from iPSCs. Emphasis is placed on alignment with good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards, scalability, safety measures and quality controls, which constitute the fundamental prerequisites for clinical application. In conclusion, the focus on iPSC as a source promises standardized, scalable, clinically relevant, and potentially safer production of engineered T cells. This groundbreaking approach holds the potential to extend hope to a broader spectrum of patients and diseases, leading in a new era in adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchapong Netsrithong
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Cermakova K, Tao L, Dejmek M, Sala M, Montierth MD, Chan YS, Patel I, Chambers C, Loeza Cabrera M, Hoffman D, Parchem RJ, Wang W, Nencka R, Barbieri E, Hodges HC. Reactivation of the G1 enhancer landscape underlies core circuitry addiction to SWI/SNF. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4-21. [PMID: 37993417 PMCID: PMC10783513 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cancer core regulatory circuitries (CRCs) depend on the sustained generation of DNA accessibility by SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers. However, the window when SWI/SNF is acutely essential in these settings has not been identified. Here we used neuroblastoma (NB) cells to model and dissect the relationship between cell-cycle progression and SWI/SNF ATPase activity. We find that SWI/SNF inactivation impairs coordinated occupancy of non-pioneer CRC members at enhancers within 1 hour, rapidly breaking their autoregulation. By precisely timing inhibitor treatment following synchronization, we show that SWI/SNF is dispensable for survival in S and G2/M, but becomes acutely essential only during G1 phase. We furthermore developed a new approach to analyze the oscillating patterns of genome-wide DNA accessibility across the cell cycle, which revealed that SWI/SNF-dependent CRC binding sites are enriched at enhancers with peak accessibility during G1 phase, where they activate genes involved in cell-cycle progression. SWI/SNF inhibition strongly impairs G1-S transition and potentiates the ability of retinoids used clinically to induce cell-cycle exit. Similar cell-cycle effects in diverse SWI/SNF-addicted settings highlight G1-S transition as a common cause of SWI/SNF dependency. Our results illustrate that deeper knowledge of the temporal patterns of enhancer-related dependencies may aid the rational targeting of addicted cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Cermakova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew D Montierth
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuen San Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivanshi Patel
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney Chambers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mario Loeza Cabrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dane Hoffman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald J Parchem
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eveline Barbieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Courtney Hodges
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Kilic P, Cosar B. An Optimized Protocol for piggyBac-Induced iPSC Generation from hPBMCs by Automatic Electroporation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2736:193-205. [PMID: 37651076 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the Yamanaka transcription factors, pluripotency is recovered in the cell culture dish during in vitro cell reprogramming. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been introduced to the scientific world as a source of disease models, which are predominantly used in drug discovery and monitoring disease pathophysiology, and as a source of master cell lines for developing cellular therapies. Successfully attaining iPSCs requires careful optimization of many factors, including selection of the transfection method and the appropriate transfection agents; culturing conditions before and after transfection; recovery conditions after transfection, freezing, and thawing; storage conditions; and the choice of cost-effective cell and colony characterization and molecular verification steps. In our optimized procedure, we describe the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after blood harvest and their efficient reprogramming into iPSCs using automated electroporator, with piggyBac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kilic
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Begum Cosar
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Conrad JV, Meyer S, Ramesh PS, Neira JA, Rusteika M, Mamott D, Duffin B, Bautista M, Zhang J, Hiles E, Higgins EM, Steill J, Freeman J, Ni Z, Liu S, Ungrin M, Rancourt D, Clegg DO, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Chu LF. Efficient derivation of transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells enables in vitro modeling of species-specific developmental timing. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2328-2343. [PMID: 37949072 PMCID: PMC10724057 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sus scrofa domesticus (pig) has served as a superb large mammalian model for biomedical studies because of its comparable physiology and organ size to humans. The derivation of transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (PiPSCs) will, therefore, benefit the development of porcine-specific models for regenerative biology and its medical applications. In the past, this effort has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the signaling milieu that stabilizes the porcine pluripotent state in vitro. Here, we report that transgene-free PiPSCs can be efficiently derived from porcine fibroblasts by episomal vectors along with microRNA-302/367 using optimized protocols tailored for this species. PiPSCs can be differentiated into derivatives representing the primary germ layers in vitro and can form teratomas in immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, the transgene-free PiPSCs preserve intrinsic species-specific developmental timing in culture, known as developmental allochrony. This is demonstrated by establishing a porcine in vitro segmentation clock model that, for the first time, displays a specific periodicity at ∼3.7 h, a timescale recapitulating in vivo porcine somitogenesis. We conclude that the transgene-free PiPSCs can serve as a powerful tool for modeling development and disease and developing transplantation strategies. We also anticipate that they will provide insights into conserved and unique features on the regulations of mammalian pluripotency and developmental timing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Susanne Meyer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Pranav S Ramesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jaime A Neira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniel Mamott
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bret Duffin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Monica Bautista
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Emily Hiles
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eve M Higgins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - John Steill
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jack Freeman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Derrick Rancourt
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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11
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Singh P, Shah DA, Jouni M, Cejas RB, Crossman DK, Magdy T, Qiu S, Wang X, Zhou L, Sharafeldin N, Hageman L, McKenna DE, Armenian SH, Balis FM, Hawkins DS, Keller FG, Hudson MM, Neglia JP, Ritchey AK, Ginsberg JP, Landier W, Bhatia R, Burridge PW, Bhatia S. Altered Peripheral Blood Gene Expression in Childhood Cancer Survivors With Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy - A COG-ALTE03N1 Report. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029954. [PMID: 37750583 PMCID: PMC10727235 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of premature death in childhood cancer survivors, presenting a need to understand the underlying pathogenesis. We sought to examine differential blood-based mRNA expression profiles in anthracycline-exposed childhood cancer survivors with and without cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results We designed a matched case-control study (Children's Oncology Group-ALTE03N1) with mRNA sequencing on total RNA from peripheral blood in 40 anthracycline-exposed survivors with cardiomyopathy (cases) and 64 matched survivors without (controls). DESeq2 identified differentially expressed genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses (IPA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses determined the potential roles of altered genes in biological pathways. Functional validation was performed by gene knockout in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology. Median age at primary cancer diagnosis for cases and controls was 8.2 and 9.7 years, respectively. Thirty-six differentially expressed genes with fold change ≥±2 were identified; 35 were upregulated. IPA identified "hepatic fibrosis" and "iron homeostasis" pathways to be significantly modulated by differentially expressed genes, including toxicology functions of myocardial infarction, cardiac damage, and cardiac dilation. Leading edge analysis from Gene Set Enrichment Analyses identified lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) genes to be significantly upregulated in cases. Interleukin 1 receptor type 1, 2 (IL1R1, IL1R2), and matrix metalloproteinase 8, 9 (MMP8, MMP9) appeared in multiple canonical pathways. LDHA-knockout human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed increased sensitivity to doxorubicin. Conclusions We identified differential mRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood of anthracycline-exposed childhood cancer survivors with and without cardiomyopathy. Upregulation of LDHA and CD36 genes suggests metabolic perturbations in a failing heart. Dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokine receptors IL1R1 and IL1R2 and matrix metalloproteinases, MMP8 and MMP9 indicates structural remodeling that accompanies the clinical manifestation of symptomatic cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Singh
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and SurvivorshipUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | | | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of PharmacologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
| | | | - David K. Crossman
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Tarek Magdy
- Department of PharmacologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
- Louisiana State University Health ShreveportShreveportLA
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
- Division of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Department of BiostatisticsFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL
| | - Liting Zhou
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and SurvivorshipUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Noha Sharafeldin
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and SurvivorshipUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lindsey Hageman
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and SurvivorshipUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | | | | | - Frank M. Balis
- Department of PediatricsChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA
| | | | - Frank G. Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN
| | | | - A Kim Ritchey
- Department of PediatricsUPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPAPittsburgh
| | - Jill P. Ginsberg
- Department of PediatricsChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Wendy Landier
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and SurvivorshipUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | | | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and SurvivorshipUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
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12
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Shapiro JS, Chang HC, Tatekoshi Y, Zhao Z, Waxali ZS, Hong BJ, Chen H, Geier JA, Bartom ET, De Jesus A, Nejad FK, Mahmoodzadeh A, Sato T, Ramos-Alonso L, Romero AM, Martinez-Pastor MT, Jiang SC, Sah-Teli SK, Li L, Bentrem D, Lopaschuk G, Ben-Sahra I, O'Halloran TV, Shilatifard A, Puig S, Bergelson J, Koivunen P, Ardehali H. Iron drives anabolic metabolism through active histone demethylation and mTORC1. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1478-1494. [PMID: 37749225 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells require a minimal iron threshold to sustain anabolic metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which cells sense iron to regulate anabolic processes are unclear. Here we report a previously undescribed eukaryotic pathway for iron sensing in which molecular iron is required to sustain active histone demethylation and maintain the expression of critical components of the pro-anabolic mTORC1 pathway. Specifically, we identify the iron-binding histone-demethylase KDM3B as an intrinsic iron sensor that regulates mTORC1 activity by demethylating H3K9me2 at enhancers of a high-affinity leucine transporter, LAT3, and RPTOR. By directly suppressing leucine availability and RAPTOR levels, iron deficiency supersedes other nutrient inputs into mTORC1. This process occurs in vivo and is not an indirect effect by canonical iron-utilizing pathways. Because ancestral eukaryotes share homologues of KDMs and mTORC1 core components, this pathway probably pre-dated the emergence of the other kingdom-specific nutrient sensors for mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Shapiro
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zibo Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zohra Sattar Waxali
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bong Jin Hong
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Haimei Chen
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Geier
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Farnaz K Nejad
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lucia Ramos-Alonso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonia Maria Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Shang-Chuan Jiang
- Plant Production and Protection Division (NSP), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
| | - Shiv K Sah-Teli
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Bentrem
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas V O'Halloran
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joy Bergelson
- Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Skrivergaard S, Young JF, Sahebekhtiari N, Semper C, Venkatesan M, Savchenko A, Stogios PJ, Therkildsen M, Rasmussen MK. A simple and robust serum-free media for the proliferation of muscle cells. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113194. [PMID: 37689947 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat production requires an efficient, robust and highly optimized serum-free cell culture media for the needed upscaling of muscle cell expansion. Existing formulations of serum-free media are complex, expensive and have not been optimized for muscle cells. Thus, we undertook this work to develop a simple and robust serum-free media for the proliferation of bovine satellite cells (SCs) through Design of Experiment (DOE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using precise and high-throughput image-based cytometry. Proliferative attributes were investigated with transcriptomics and long-term performance was validated using multiple live assays. Here we formulated a media based on three highly optimized components; FGF2 (2 ng/mL), fetuin (600 µg/mL) and BSA (75 µg/mL) which together with an insulin-transferrin-selenium (1x) supplement, sustained the proliferation of bovine SCs, porcine SCs and murine C2C12 muscle cells. Remarkably, cells cultured in our media named Tri-basal 2.0+ performed better than cell cultured in 10% FBS, with respect to proliferation. Hence, the optimized Tri-basal 2.0+ enhanced serum-free cell attachment and long-term proliferation, providing an alternative solution to the use of FBS in the production of cultivated meat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cameron Semper
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Meenakshi Venkatesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter J Stogios
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Son B, Kim M, Won H, Jung A, Kim J, Koo Y, Lee NK, Baek SH, Han U, Park CG, Shin H, Gweon B, Joo J, Park HH. Secured delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor using human serum albumin-based protein nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing and regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:310. [PMID: 37658367 PMCID: PMC10474766 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is one of the critical components accelerating angiogenesis and tissue regeneration by promoting the migration of dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells associated with matrix formation and remodeling in wound healing process. However, clinical applications of bFGF are substantially limited by its unstable nature due to rapid decomposition under physiological microenvironment. RESULTS In this study, we present the bFGF-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA-bFGF NPs) as a means of enhanced stability and sustained release platform during tissue regeneration. Spherical shape of the HSA-bFGF NPs with uniform size distribution (polydispersity index < 0.2) is obtained via a simple desolvation and crosslinking process. The HSA-bFGF NPs securely load and release the intact soluble bFGF proteins, thereby significantly enhancing the proliferation and migration activity of human dermal fibroblasts. Myofibroblast-related genes and proteins were also significantly down-regulated, indicating decrease in risk of scar formation. Furthermore, wound healing is accelerated while achieving a highly organized extracellular matrix and enhanced angiogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION Consequently, the HSA-bFGF NPs are suggested not only as a delivery vehicle but also as a protein stabilizer for effective wound healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosub Won
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoe Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Uiyoung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Gweon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Romero-Tejeda M, Fonoudi H, Weddle CJ, DeKeyser JM, Lenny B, Fetterman KA, Magdy T, Sapkota Y, Epting CL, Burridge PW. A novel transcription factor combination for direct reprogramming to a spontaneously contracting human cardiomyocyte-like state. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 182:30-43. [PMID: 37421991 PMCID: PMC10495191 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells to a spontaneously contracting cardiomyocyte-like state using defined transcription factors has proven successful in mouse fibroblasts. However, this process has been less successful in human cells, thus limiting the potential clinical applicability of this technology in regenerative medicine. We hypothesized that this issue is due to a lack of cross-species concordance between the required transcription factor combinations for mouse and human cells. To address this issue, we identified novel transcription factor candidates to induce cell conversion between human fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, using the network-based algorithm Mogrify. We developed an automated, high-throughput method for screening transcription factor, small molecule, and growth factor combinations, utilizing acoustic liquid handling and high-content kinetic imaging cytometry. Using this high-throughput platform, we screened the effect of 4960 unique transcription factor combinations on direct conversion of 24 patient-specific primary human cardiac fibroblast samples to cardiomyocytes. Our screen revealed the combination of MYOCD, SMAD6, and TBX20 (MST) as the most successful direct reprogramming combination, which consistently produced up to 40% TNNT2+ cells in just 25 days. Addition of FGF2 and XAV939 to the MST cocktail resulted in reprogrammed cells with spontaneous contraction and cardiomyocyte-like calcium transients. Gene expression profiling of the reprogrammed cells also revealed the expression of cardiomyocyte associated genes. Together, these findings indicate that cardiac direct reprogramming in human cells can be achieved at similar levels to those attained in mouse fibroblasts. This progress represents a step forward towards the clinical application of the cardiac direct reprogramming approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Romero-Tejeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hananeh Fonoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Carly J Weddle
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jean-Marc DeKeyser
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brian Lenny
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K Ashley Fetterman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Conrad L Epting
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Northwestern University and Ann & Robert H.Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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16
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Singh P, Zhou L, Shah DA, Cejas RB, Crossman DK, Jouni M, Magdy T, Wang X, Sharafeldin N, Hageman L, McKenna DE, Horvath S, Armenian SH, Balis FM, Hawkins DS, Keller FG, Hudson MM, Neglia JP, Ritchey AK, Ginsberg JP, Landier W, Burridge PW, Bhatia S. Identification of novel hypermethylated or hypomethylated CpG sites and genes associated with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12683. [PMID: 37542143 PMCID: PMC10403495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of late morbidity in childhood cancer survivors. Aberrant DNA methylation plays a role in de novo cardiovascular disease. Epigenetic processes could play a role in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy but remain unstudied. We sought to examine if genome-wide differential methylation at 'CpG' sites in peripheral blood DNA is associated with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. This report used participants from a matched case-control study; 52 non-Hispanic White, anthracycline-exposed childhood cancer survivors with cardiomyopathy were matched 1:1 with 52 survivors with no cardiomyopathy. Paired ChAMP (Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline) with integrated reference-based deconvolution of adult peripheral blood DNA methylation was used to analyze data from Illumina HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip arrays. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was performed, and the model was adjusted for GrimAge, sex, interaction terms of age at enrollment, chest radiation, age at diagnosis squared, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs: diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia). Prioritized genes were functionally validated by gene knockout in human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. DNA-methylation EPIC array analyses identified 32 differentially methylated probes (DMP: 15 hyper-methylated and 17 hypo-methylated probes) that overlap with 23 genes and 9 intergenic regions. Three hundred and fifty-four differential methylated regions (DMRs) were also identified. Several of these genes are associated with cardiac dysfunction. Knockout of genes EXO6CB, FCHSD2, NIPAL2, and SYNPO2 in hiPSC-CMs increased sensitivity to doxorubicin. In addition, EWAS analysis identified hypo-methylation of probe 'cg15939386' in gene RORA to be significantly associated with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. In this genome-wide DNA methylation profile study, we observed significant differences in DNA methylation at the CpG level between anthracycline-exposed childhood cancer survivors with and without cardiomyopathy, implicating differential DNA methylation of certain genes could play a role in pathogenesis of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Singh
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Liting Zhou
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Disheet A Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Romina B Cejas
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noha Sharafeldin
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lindsey Hageman
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Donald E McKenna
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saro H Armenian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Frank M Balis
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Frank G Keller
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - A Kim Ritchey
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Wendy Landier
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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17
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Lyra-Leite DM, Copley RR, Freeman PP, Pongpamorn P, Shah D, McKenna DE, Lenny B, Pinheiro EA, Weddle CJ, Gharib M, Javed H, Fonoudi H, Sapkota Y, Burridge PW. Nutritional requirements of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1371-1387. [PMID: 37315525 PMCID: PMC10277817 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional requirements for human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) growth have not been extensively studied. Here, building on our prior work that established the suitable non-basal medium components for hiPSC growth, we develop a simplified basal medium consisting of just 39 components, demonstrating that many ingredients of DMEM/F12 are either not essential or are at suboptimal concentrations. This new basal medium along with the supplement, which we call BMEM, enhances the growth rate of hiPSCs over DMEM/F12-based media, supports derivation of multiple hiPSC lines, and allows differentiation to multiple lineages. hiPSCs cultured in BMEM consistently have enhanced expression of undifferentiated cell markers such as POU5F1 and NANOG, along with increased expression of markers of the primed state and reduced expression of markers of the naive state. This work describes titration of the nutritional requirements of human pluripotent cell culture and identifies that suitable nutrition enhances the pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | - Praeploy Pongpamorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Disheet Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Brian Lenny
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Emily A Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Carly J Weddle
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mennat Gharib
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hoor Javed
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hananeh Fonoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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18
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Panariello F, Gagliano O, Luni C, Grimaldi A, Angiolillo S, Qin W, Manfredi A, Annunziata P, Slovin S, Vaccaro L, Riccardo S, Bouche V, Dionisi M, Salvi M, Martewicz S, Hu M, Cui M, Stuart H, Laterza C, Baruzzo G, Schiebinger G, Di Camillo B, Cacchiarelli D, Elvassore N. Cellular population dynamics shape the route to human pluripotency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2829. [PMID: 37198156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cellular reprogramming to induced pluripotency is still an inefficient process, which has hindered studying the role of critical intermediate stages. Here we take advantage of high efficiency reprogramming in microfluidics and temporal multi-omics to identify and resolve distinct sub-populations and their interactions. We perform secretome analysis and single-cell transcriptomics to show functional extrinsic pathways of protein communication between reprogramming sub-populations and the re-shaping of a permissive extracellular environment. We pinpoint the HGF/MET/STAT3 axis as a potent enhancer of reprogramming, which acts via HGF accumulation within the confined system of microfluidics, and in conventional dishes needs to be supplied exogenously to enhance efficiency. Our data suggest that human cellular reprogramming is a transcription factor-driven process that it is deeply dependent on extracellular context and cell population determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panariello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Onelia Gagliano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Camilla Luni
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Grimaldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Angiolillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna Manfredi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA (Next Generation Diagnostic srl), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Annunziata
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA (Next Generation Diagnostic srl), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Shaked Slovin
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vaccaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sara Riccardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
- NEGEDIA (Next Generation Diagnostic srl), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Bouche
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Manuela Dionisi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sebastian Martewicz
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manli Hu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Cui
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannah Stuart
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baruzzo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
- School for Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Kao CY, Mills JA, Burke CJ, Morse B, Marques BF. Role of Cytokines and Growth Factors in the Manufacturing of iPSC-Derived Allogeneic Cell Therapy Products. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050677. [PMID: 37237491 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines and other growth factors are essential for cell expansion, health, function, and immune stimulation. Stem cells have the additional reliance on these factors to direct differentiation to the appropriate terminal cell type. Successful manufacturing of allogeneic cell therapies from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires close attention to the selection and control of cytokines and factors used throughout the manufacturing process, as well as after administration to the patient. This paper employs iPSC-derived natural killer cell/T cell therapeutics to illustrate the use of cytokines, growth factors, and transcription factors at different stages of the manufacturing process, ranging from the generation of iPSCs to controlling of iPSC differentiation into immune-effector cells through the support of cell therapy after patient administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Kao
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Mills
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carl J Burke
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Barry Morse
- Research and Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruno F Marques
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Stout AJ, Rittenberg ML, Shub M, Saad MK, Mirliani AB, Dolgin J, Kaplan DL. A Beefy-R culture medium: Replacing albumin with rapeseed protein isolates. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122092. [PMID: 36965281 PMCID: PMC10111969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective serum-free media is essential for the economic viability of cultured meat. A key challenge facing this goal is the high-cost of recombinant albumin which is necessary in many serum-free media formulations, including a recently developed serum-free medium for bovine satellite cell (BSC) culture termed Beefy-9. Here we alter Beefy-9 by replacing recombinant albumin with rapeseed protein isolate (RPI), a bulk-protein solution obtained from agricultural waste through alkali extraction (pH 12.5), isoelectric protein precipitation (pH 4.5), dissolution of physiologically soluble proteins (pH 7.2), and concentration of proteins through 3 kDa ultrafiltration. This new medium, termed Beefy-R, was then used to culture BSCs over four passages, during which cells grew with an average doubling time of 26.6 h, showing improved growth compared with Beefy-9. In Beefy-R, BSCs maintained cell phenotype and myogenicity. Together, these results offer an effective, low-cost, and sustainable alternative to albumin for serum-free culture of muscle stem cells, thereby addressing a key hurdle facing cultured meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Miriam L Rittenberg
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Shub
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Addison B Mirliani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - James Dolgin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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21
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Ock SA, Seo KM, Ju WS, Kim YI, Wi HY, Lee P. Effect of Serum and Oxygen on the In Vitro Culture of Hanwoo Korean Native Cattle-Derived Skeletal Myogenic Cells Used in Cellular Agriculture. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071384. [PMID: 37048206 PMCID: PMC10093918 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle-derived myogenic cells (SKMCs) are novel protein sources capable of replacing animal meat. However, SKMCs have not been commercialized owing to poor productivity and the high cost of in vitro cell culture. Therefore, we cultured SKMCs in varying serum (5–20%) and oxygen concentrations (5–20%) to investigate the parameters that most impact cell productivity (serum, hypoxia, and culture medium) and examined cell proliferation ability and genes involved in myogenesis/proliferation/apoptosis/reactive oxygen species (ROS). In fetal bovine serum (FBS) groups, hypoxia induction doubled cell number, and the 20% FBS/normoxia group exhibited similar cell numbers as 5% FBS/5% hypoxia, confirming that 5% hypoxia reduced serum requirement by four-fold. The use of 20% FBS downregulated MTF5/MYOD1/MYOG/MYH1, whereas hypoxia induction with ≤10% FBS upregulated them. Although 20% FBS lowered TERT expression through rapid cell proliferation, NOX1, a major factor of ROS, was suppressed. DMEM/F12 demonstrated better differentiation potential than F10 by upregulating MYF3/MYOD1/MYOG/MYH1 and downregulating MSTN, particularly DMEM/F12 with 2% FBS/5% hypoxia. The myogenic fusion index was higher in DMEM/F12 without FBS than in DMEM/F12 with FBS (0.5–5%); however, the total nuclei number was reduced owing to apoptosis. Therefore, high serum levels are essential in influencing SKMC growth, followed by hypoxia as a synergistic component.
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22
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Santos ACA, Camarena DEM, Roncoli Reigado G, Chambergo FS, Nunes VA, Trindade MA, Stuchi Maria-Engler S. Tissue Engineering Challenges for Cultivated Meat to Meet the Real Demand of a Global Market. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076033. [PMID: 37047028 PMCID: PMC10094385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultivated meat (CM) technology has the potential to disrupt the food industry-indeed, it is already an inevitable reality. This new technology is an alternative to solve the environmental, health and ethical issues associated with the demand for meat products. The global market longs for biotechnological improvements for the CM production chain. CM, also known as cultured, cell-based, lab-grown, in vitro or clean meat, is obtained through cellular agriculture, which is based on applying tissue engineering principles. In practice, it is first necessary to choose the best cell source and type, and then to furnish the necessary nutrients, growth factors and signalling molecules via cultivation media. This procedure occurs in a controlled environment that provides the surfaces necessary for anchor-dependent cells and offers microcarriers and scaffolds that favour the three-dimensional (3D) organisation of multiple cell types. In this review, we discuss relevant information to CM production, including the cultivation process, cell sources, medium requirements, the main obstacles to CM production (consumer acceptance, scalability, safety and reproducibility), the technological aspects of 3D models (biomaterials, microcarriers and scaffolds) and assembly methods (cell layering, spinning and 3D bioprinting). We also provide an outlook on the global CM market. Our review brings a broad overview of the CM field, providing an update for everyone interested in the topic, which is especially important because CM is a multidisciplinary technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cristina Antunes Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Denisse Esther Mallaupoma Camarena
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roncoli Reigado
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Chambergo
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Trindade
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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23
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Romero-Tejeda M, Fonoudi H, Weddle CJ, DeKeyser JM, Lenny B, Fetterman KA, Magdy T, Sapkota Y, Epting C, Burridge PW. A Novel Transcription Factor Combination for Direct Reprogramming to a Spontaneously Contracting Human Cardiomyocyte-like State. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532629. [PMID: 36993577 PMCID: PMC10055062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The reprogramming of somatic cells to a spontaneously contracting cardiomyocyte-like state using defined transcription factors has proven successful in mouse fibroblasts. However, this process has been less successful in human cells, thus limiting the potential clinical applicability of this technology in regenerative medicine. We hypothesized that this issue is due to a lack of cross-species concordance between the required transcription factor combinations for mouse and human cells. To address this issue, we identified novel transcription factor candidates to induce cell conversion between human fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, using the network-based algorithm Mogrify. We developed an automated, high-throughput method for screening transcription factor, small molecule, and growth factor combinations, utilizing acoustic liquid handling and high-content kinetic imaging cytometry. Using this high-throughput platform, we screened the effect of 4,960 unique transcription factor combinations on direct conversion of 24 patient-specific primary human cardiac fibroblast samples to cardiomyocytes. Our screen revealed the combination of MYOCD , SMAD6 , and TBX20 (MST) as the most successful direct reprogramming combination, which consistently produced up to 40% TNNT2 + cells in just 25 days. Addition of FGF2 and XAV939 to the MST cocktail resulted in reprogrammed cells with spontaneous contraction and cardiomyocyte-like calcium transients. Gene expression profiling of the reprogrammed cells also revealed the expression of cardiomyocyte associated genes. Together, these findings indicate that cardiac direct reprogramming in human cells can be achieved at similar levels to those attained in mouse fibroblasts. This progress represents a step forward towards the clinical application of the cardiac direct reprogramming approach. HIGHLIGHTS Using network-based algorithm Mogrify, acoustic liquid handling, and high-content kinetic imaging cytometry we screened the effect of 4,960 unique transcription factor combinations. Using 24 patient-specific human fibroblast samples we identified the combination of MYOCD , SMAD6 , and TBX20 (MST) as the most successful direct reprogramming combination. MST cocktail results in reprogrammed cells with spontaneous contraction, cardiomyocyte-like calcium transients, and expression of cardiomyocyte associated genes.
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24
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Warschkau D, Seeber F. Advances towards the complete in vitro life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Fac Rev 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 36846606 PMCID: PMC9944905 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The full life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii cannot be recapitulated in vitro, and access to certain stages, such as mature tissue cysts (bradyzoites) and oocysts (sporozoites), traditionally requires animal experiments. This has greatly hindered the study of the biology of these morphologically and metabolically distinct stages, which are essential for the infection of humans and animals. However, several breakthrough advances have been made in recent years towards obtaining these life stages in vitro, such as the discovery of several molecular factors that induce differentiation and commitment to the sexual cycle, and different culture methods that use, for example, myotubes and intestinal organoids to obtain mature bradyzoites and different sexual stages of the parasite. We review these novel tools and approaches, highlight their limitations and challenges, and discuss what research questions can already be answered with these models. We finally identify future routes for recapitulating the entire sexual cycle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warschkau
- FG16: Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seeber
- FG16: Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Brimmer S, Ji P, Birla AK, Keswani SG, Caldarone CA, Birla RK. Recent advances in biological pumps as a building block for bioartificial hearts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1061622. [PMID: 36741765 PMCID: PMC9895798 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1061622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of biological pumps is a subset of cardiac tissue engineering and focused on the development of tubular grafts that are designed generate intraluminal pressure. In the simplest embodiment, biological pumps are tubular grafts with contractile cardiomyocytes on the external surface. The rationale for biological pumps is a transition from planar 3D cardiac patches to functional biological pumps, on the way to complete bioartificial hearts. Biological pumps also have applications as a standalone device, for example, to support the Fontan circulation in pediatric patients. In recent years, there has been a lot of progress in the field of biological pumps, with innovative fabrication technologies. Examples include the use of cell sheet engineering, self-organized heart muscle, bioprinting and in vivo bio chambers for vascularization. Several materials have been tested for biological pumps and included resected aortic segments from rodents, type I collagen, and fibrin hydrogel, to name a few. Multiple bioreactors have been tested to condition biological pumps and replicate the complex in vivo environment during controlled in vitro culture. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the field of the biological pumps, outlining progress in the field over the past several years. In particular, different fabrication methods, biomaterial platforms for tubular grafts and examples of bioreactors will be presented. In addition, we present an overview of some of the challenges that need to be overcome for the field of biological pumps to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Brimmer
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pengfei Ji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aditya K. Birla
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher A. Caldarone
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ravi K. Birla
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Ravi K. Birla,
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26
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Salvador WOS, Ribeiro IAB, Nogueira DES, Ferreira FC, Cabral JMS, Rodrigues CAV. Bioprocess Economic Modeling: Decision Support Tools for the Development of Stem Cell Therapy Products. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120791. [PMID: 36550997 PMCID: PMC9774475 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, the field of cell and gene therapy has witnessed rapid growth due to the demonstrated benefits of using living cells as therapeutic agents in a broad range of clinical studies and trials. Bioprocess economic models (BEMs) are fundamental tools for guiding decision-making in bioprocess design, being capable of supporting process optimization and helping to reduce production costs. These tools are particularly important when it comes to guiding manufacturing decisions and increasing the likelihood of market acceptance of cell-based therapies, which are often cost-prohibitive because of high resource and quality control costs. Not only this, but the inherent biological variability of their underlying bioprocesses makes them particularly susceptible to unforeseen costs arising from failed or delayed production batches. The present work reviews important concepts concerning the development of bioprocesses for stem cell therapy products and highlights the valuable role which BEMs can play in this endeavor. Additionally, some theoretical concepts relevant to the building and structuring of BEMs are explored. Finally, a comprehensive review of the existent BEMs so far reported in the scientific literature for stem cell-related bioprocesses is provided to showcase their potential usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O. S. Salvador
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês A. B. Ribeiro
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo E. S. Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico C. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Venkatesan M, Semper C, Skrivergaard S, Di Leo R, Mesa N, Rasmussen MK, Young JF, Therkildsen M, Stogios PJ, Savchenko A. Recombinant production of growth factors for application in cell culture. iScience 2022; 25:105054. [PMID: 36157583 PMCID: PMC9489951 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Culturing eukaryotic cells has widespread applications in research and industry, including the emerging field of cell-cultured meat production colloquially referred to as “cellular agriculture”. These applications are often restricted by the high cost of growth medium necessary for cell growth. Mitogenic protein growth factors (GFs) are essential components of growth medium and account for upwards of 90% of the total costs. Here, we present a set of expression constructs and a simplified protocol for recombinant production of functionally active GFs, including FGF2, IGF1, PDGF-BB, and TGF-β1 in Escherichia coli. Using this E. coli expression system, we produced soluble GF orthologs from species including bovine, chicken, and salmon. Bioactivity analysis revealed orthologs with improved performance compared to commercially available alternatives. We estimated that the production cost of GFs using our methodology will significantly reduce the cost of cell culture medium, facilitating low-cost protocols tailored for cultured meat production and tissue engineering. Developed methodology for low-cost production of soluble, bioactive GFs Purified GFs were active on NIH-3T3 and bovine satellite cells Some GF orthologs outperformed commercially sourced GFs Production of GFs using these methods can foster significant cost savings
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Venkatesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Cameron Semper
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Rosa Di Leo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Mesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Peter J Stogios
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Kumar A, Sood A, Han SS. Technological and structural aspects of scaffold manufacturing for cultured meat: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:585-612. [PMID: 36239416 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cultured meat is an emerging area of research focus with an innovative approach through tissue engineering (i.e., cellular engineering) to meet the global food demand. The manufacturing of lab-cultivated meat is an innovative business that alleviates life-threatening environmental issues concerning public health and animal well-being on the global platform. There has been a noteworthy advancement in cultivating artificial meat, but still, there are numerous challenges that impede the swift headway of lab-grown meat production at a commercially large scale. In this review, we focus on the manufacturing of edible scaffolds for cultured meat production. In brief, first an introduction to cultivating artificial meat and its current scenario in the market is provided. Further, a discussion on the understanding of composition, cellular, and molecular communications in muscle tissue is presented, which are vital to scaling up the production of lab-grown meat. In continuation, the major components (e.g., cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and their manufacturing technologies, media, and potential bioreactors) for cultured meat production are conferred followed by a comprehensive discussion on the most recent advances in lab-cultured meat. Finally, existing challenges and opportunities including future research perspectives for scaling-up cultured meat production are discussed with conclusive interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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29
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Lyra-Leite DM, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Ó, Wang M, Zhou Y, Cyganek L, Burridge PW. A review of protocols for human iPSC culture, cardiac differentiation, subtype-specification, maturation, and direct reprogramming. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101560. [PMID: 36035804 PMCID: PMC9405110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for the culture and cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, and later human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), have moved from a complex and uncontrolled systems to simplified and relatively robust protocols, using the knowledge and cues gathered at each step. HiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have proven to be a useful tool in human disease modelling, drug discovery, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. In this protocol review, we will highlight the evolution of protocols associated with hPSC culture, cardiomyocyte differentiation, sub-type specification, and cardiomyocyte maturation. We also discuss protocols for somatic cell direct reprogramming to cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Óscar Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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30
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Xu J, Fang S, Wang N, Li B, Huang Y, Fan Q, Shi J, Liu H, Shao Z. Dual-specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-regulated Kinase Inhibitor ID-8 Promotes Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Activating PDK4 Expression. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2074-2087. [PMID: 35080746 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great potentials in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. However, efficiency and costs of hiPSCs preparation still need to be improved. METHODS We screened the compounds that target signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications or metabolic-process regulation to replace the growth factors. After small molecule treatment, TRA-1-60, which is a cell surface antigen expressed by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), staining was performed to quantify the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming. Next, small molecule cocktail-induced ESCs or iPSCs were examined with pluripotent markers expression. Finally, Genome-wide gene expression profile was analyzed by RNA-seq to illustrate the mechanism of human somatic cell reprogramming. RESULT Here, we found that a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) inhibitor ID-8 robustly enhanced human somatic cell reprogramming by upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and activation of glycolysis. Furthermore, we identified a novel growth-factor-free hiPSC generation system using small molecules ID-8 (I) and TGFβ signal pathway agonist Kartogenin (K). Importantly, we developed IK medium combined with low-dose bFGF to support the long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. IK-iPSCs showed pluripotency and normal karyotype. CONCLUSIONS Our studies may provide a novel growth-factor-free culture system to facilitate the generation of hiPSCs for multiple applications in regenerative medicine. In Brief Xu et at. found that a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) inhibitor ID-8 robustly enhanced human somatic cell reprogramming by upregulation of PDK4 and activation of glycolysis. Furthermore, we established a novel growth-factor-free hiPSC generation system using small molecules ID-8/Kartogenin (IK). IK medium combined with Low-dose bFGF (IKB medium) supported the long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. Highlights ID-8 Enhanced Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts and Astrocytes Establishment of the Growth-factor-free Reprogramming System Using Small Molecule Compounds IK IKB Medium Maintained the Long-term Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ID-8 Promoted Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Activating PDK4 Expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Naweng Wang
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhicheng Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative, Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hua Y, Yoshimochi K, Li J, Takekita K, Shimotsuma M, Li L, Qu X, Zhang J, Sawa Y, Liu L, Miyagawa S. Development and evaluation of a novel xeno-free culture medium for human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:223. [PMID: 35658933 PMCID: PMC9166585 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are considered an ideal resource for regenerative medicine because of their ease of access and infinite expansion ability. To satisfy the sizable requirement for clinical applications of hiPSCs, large-scale, expansion-oriented, xeno-free, and cost-effective media are critical. Although several xeno-free media for hiPSCs have been generated over the past decades, few of them are suitable for scalable expansion of cultured hiPSCs because of their modest potential for proliferation and high cost. METHODS In this study, we developed a xeno-free ON2/AscleStem PSC medium (ON2) and cultured 253G1 hiPSCs on different matrices, including iMatrix-511 and gelatin nanofiber (GNF) in ON2. Over 20 passages, we evaluated cell proliferation by doubling times; pluripotency by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR; and differentiation ability by three germ layer differentiation in vitro and teratoma formation in severe combined immunodeficiency mice, followed by histological analysis. In addition, we compared the maintenance effect of ON2 on hiPSCs with StemFit® AK02 (AK02N) and Essential 8™ (E8). Besides 253G1 hiPSCs, we cultivated different hiPSC lines, including Ff-l01 hiPSCs, ATCC® ACS-1020™ hiPSCs, and Down's syndrome patient-specific ATCC® ACS-1003™ hiPSCs in ON2. RESULTS We found that 253G1 hiPSCs in ON2 demonstrated normal morphology and karyotype and high self-renewal and differentiation abilities on the tested matrices for over 20 passages. Moreover, 253G1 hiPSCs kept on GNF showed higher growth and stemness, as verified by the shorter doubling time and higher expression levels of pluripotent markers. Compared to AK02N and E8 media, 253G1 hiPSCs grown in ON2 showed higher pluripotency, as demonstrated by the increased expression level of pluripotent factors. In addition, all hiPSC lines cultivated in ON2 were able to grow for at least 10 passages with compact clonal morphology and were positive for all detected pluripotent markers. CONCLUSIONS Our xeno-free ON2 was compatible with various matrices and ideal for long-term expansion and maintenance of not only healthy-derived hiPSCs but also patient-specific hiPSCs. This highly efficient medium enabled the rapid expansion of hiPSCs in a reliable and cost-effective manner and could act as a promising tool for disease modeling and large-scale production for regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshimochi
- NACALAI TESQUE, INC. Research and Development Department, Kyoto, 604-0855, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motoshi Shimotsuma
- NACALAI TESQUE, INC. Research and Development Department, Kyoto, 604-0855, Japan
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Xiang Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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32
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Simple and effective serum-free medium for sustained expansion of bovine satellite cells for cell cultured meat. Commun Biol 2022; 5:466. [PMID: 35654948 PMCID: PMC9163123 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cultured meat offers the potential for a more sustainable, ethical, resilient, and healthy food system. However, research and development has been hindered by the lack of serum-free media that enable the robust expansion of relevant cells (e.g., muscle satellite cells) over multiple passages. Recently, a low-cost serum-free media (B8) was described for pluripotent stem cells. Here, B8 is adapted for bovine satellite cells through the addition of a single component, recombinant albumin, which renders it suitable for long-term satellite cell expansion without sacrificing myogenicity. This new media (Beefy-9) maintains cell growth over the entire period tested (seven passages), with an average doubling time of 39 h. Along with demonstrated efficacy for bovine cells, Beefy-9 offers a promising starting-point for developing serum-free media for other meat-relevant species. Ultimately, this work offers a foundation for escaping cultured meat research’s reliance on serum, thereby accelerating the field. A substitution of FBS in culturing of bovine satellite cells for the purpose of culturing meat is presented, addressing both basal media and growth factors in relation to proliferating and differentiating cells.
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34
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Cellular Aquaculture: Prospects and Challenges. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060828. [PMID: 35744442 PMCID: PMC9228929 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture plays an important role as one of the fastest-growing food-producing sectors in global food and nutritional security. Demand for animal protein in the form of fish has been increasing tremendously. Aquaculture faces many challenges to produce quality fish for the burgeoning world population. Cellular aquaculture can provide an alternative, climate-resilient food production system to produce quality fish. Potential applications of fish muscle cell lines in cellular aquaculture have raised the importance of developing and characterizing these cell lines. In vitro models, such as the mouse C2C12 cell line, have been extremely useful for expanding knowledge about molecular mechanisms of muscle growth and differentiation in mammals. Such studies are in an infancy stage in teleost due to the unavailability of equivalent permanent muscle cell lines, except a few fish muscle cell lines that have not yet been used for cellular aquaculture. The Prospect of cell-based aquaculture relies on the development of appropriate muscle cells, optimization of cell conditions, and mass production of cells in bioreactors. Hence, it is required to develop and characterize fish muscle cell lines along with their cryopreservation in cell line repositories and production of ideal mass cells in suitably designed bioreactors to overcome current cellular aquaculture challenges.
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35
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Masuzawa Y, Kitazawa M. Xeno-Free Materials for Stabilizing Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Enhancing Cell Proliferation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103687. [PMID: 35629712 PMCID: PMC9144957 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are widely considered important for developing novel regenerative therapies. A major challenge to the growth and proliferation of iPSCs is the maintenance of their undifferentiated status in xeno- and feeder-free conditions. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is known to contribute to the expansion of stem cells; however, bFGF is notoriously heat-labile and easily denatured. Here, we investigate the effects of a series of synthetic sulfated/sulfonated polymers and saccharides on the growth of iPSCs. We observed that these materials effectively prevented the reduction of bFGF levels in iPSC culture media during storage at 37 °C. Some of the tested materials also suppressed heat-induced decline in medium performance and maintained cell proliferation. Our results suggest that these sulfated materials can be used to improve the expansion culture of undifferentiated iPSCs and show the potential of cost effective, chemically defined materials for improvement of medium performance while culturing iPSCs.
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36
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McComish SF, MacMahon Copas AN, Caldwell MA. Human Brain-Based Models Provide a Powerful Tool for the Advancement of Parkinson’s Disease Research and Therapeutic Development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:851058. [PMID: 35651633 PMCID: PMC9149087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.851058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and affects approximately 2–3% of the population over the age of 65. PD is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra, leading to debilitating motor symptoms including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. PD also results in a host of non-motor symptoms such as cognitive decline, sleep disturbances and depression. Although existing therapies can successfully manage some motor symptoms for several years, there is still no means to halt progression of this severely debilitating disorder. Animal models used to replicate aspects of PD have contributed greatly to our current understanding but do not fully replicate pathological mechanisms as they occur in patients. Because of this, there is now great interest in the use of human brain-based models to help further our understanding of disease processes. Human brain-based models include those derived from embryonic stem cells, patient-derived induced neurons, induced pluripotent stem cells and brain organoids, as well as post-mortem tissue. These models facilitate in vitro analysis of disease mechanisms and it is hoped they will help bridge the existing gap between bench and bedside. This review will discuss the various human brain-based models utilised in PD research today and highlight some of the key breakthroughs they have facilitated. Furthermore, the potential caveats associated with the use of human brain-based models will be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. McComish
- Department of Physiology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adina N. MacMahon Copas
- Department of Physiology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A. Caldwell
- Department of Physiology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Maeve A. Caldwell,
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37
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Ng N, Newbery M, Maksour S, Dottori M, Sluyter R, Ooi L. Transgene and Chemical Transdifferentiation of Somatic Cells for Rapid and Efficient Neurological Disease Cell Models. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:858432. [PMID: 35634469 PMCID: PMC9130549 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.858432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For neurological diseases, molecular and cellular research relies on the use of model systems to investigate disease processes and test potential therapeutics. The last decade has witnessed an increase in the number of studies using induced pluripotent stem cells to generate disease relevant cell types from patients. The reprogramming process permits the generation of a large number of cells but is potentially disadvantaged by introducing variability in clonal lines and the removal of phenotypes of aging, which are critical to understand neurodegenerative diseases. An under-utilized approach to disease modeling involves the transdifferentiation of aged cells from patients, such as fibroblasts or blood cells, into various neural cell types. In this review we discuss techniques used for rapid and efficient direct conversion to neural cell types. We examine the limitations and future perspectives of this rapidly advancing field that could improve neurological disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Ng
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Neville Ng,
| | - Michelle Newbery
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Maksour
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Lezanne Ooi,
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38
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Wolf KJ, Weiss JD, Uzel SGM, Skylar-Scott MA, Lewis JA. Biomanufacturing human tissues via organ building blocks. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:667-677. [PMID: 35523137 PMCID: PMC9617289 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The construction of human organs on demand remains a tantalizing vision to solve the organ donor shortage. Yet, engineering tissues that recapitulate the cellular and architectural complexity of native organs is a grand challenge. The use of organ building blocks (OBBs) composed of multicellular spheroids, organoids, and assembloids offers an important pathway for creating organ-specific tissues with the desired cellular-to-tissue-level organization. Here, we review the differentiation, maturation, and 3D assembly of OBBs into functional human tissues and, ultimately, organs for therapeutic repair and replacement. We also highlight future challenges and areas of opportunity for this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J Wolf
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan D Weiss
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sebastien G M Uzel
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark A Skylar-Scott
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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39
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Bioengineering Outlook on Cultivated Meat Production. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030402. [PMID: 35334693 PMCID: PMC8950996 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat (also referred to as cultivated meat or cell-based meat)—CM—is fabricated through the process of cellular agriculture (CA), which entails application of bioengineering, i.e., tissue engineering (TE) principles to the production of food. The main TE principles include usage of cells, grown in a controlled environment provided by bioreactors and cultivation media supplemented with growth factors and other needed nutrients and signaling molecules, and seeded onto the immobilization elements—microcarriers and scaffolds that provide the adhesion surfaces necessary for anchor-dependent cells and offer 3D organization for multiple cell types. Theoretically, many solutions from regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering can be applied in CM-TE, i.e., CA. However, in practice, there are a number of specificities regarding fabrication of a CM product that needs to fulfill not only the majority of functional criteria of muscle and fat TE, but also has to possess the sensory and nutritional qualities of a traditional food component, i.e., the meat it aims to replace. This is the reason that bioengineering aimed at CM production needs to be regarded as a specific scientific discipline of a multidisciplinary nature, integrating principles from biomedical engineering as well as from food manufacturing, design and development, i.e., food engineering. An important requirement is also the need to use as little as possible of animal-derived components in the whole CM bioprocess. In this review, we aim to present the current knowledge on different bioengineering aspects, pertinent to different current scientific disciplines but all relevant for CM engineering, relevant for muscle TE, including different cell sources, bioreactor types, media requirements, bioprocess monitoring and kinetics and their modifications for use in CA, all in view of their potential for efficient CM bioprocess scale-up. We believe such a review will offer a good overview of different bioengineering strategies for CM production and will be useful to a range of interested stakeholders, from students just entering the CA field to experienced researchers looking for the latest innovations in the field.
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40
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Zhou P, Qin L, Ge Z, Xie B, Huang H, He F, Ma S, Ren L, Shi J, Pei S, Dong G, Qi Y, Lan F. Design of chemically defined synthetic substrate surfaces for the in vitro maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1968-1990. [PMID: 35226397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into nearly all cell types in vitro. Prior to the downstream applications, the design of chemically defined synthetic substrates for the large-scale proliferation of quality-controlled hPSCs is critical. Although great achievements have been made, Matrigel and recombinant proteins are still widely used in the fundamental research and clinical applications. Therefore, much effort is still needed to improve the performance of synthetic substrates in the culture of hPSCs, realizing their commercial applications. In this review, we summarized the design of reported synthetic substrates and especially their limitations in terms of cell culture. Moreover, much attention was paid to the development of promising peptide displaying surfaces. Besides, the biophysical regulation of synthetic substrate surfaces as well as the three-dimensional culture systems were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liying Qin
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangjie Ge
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Biyao Xie
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengqin Ma
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Ren
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Suying Pei
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Genxi Dong
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Barc J, Tadros R, Glinge C, Chiang DY, Jouni M, Simonet F, Jurgens SJ, Baudic M, Nicastro M, Potet F, Offerhaus JA, Walsh R, Choi SH, Verkerk AO, Mizusawa Y, Anys S, Minois D, Arnaud M, Duchateau J, Wijeyeratne YD, Muir A, Papadakis M, Castelletti S, Torchio M, Ortuño CG, Lacunza J, Giachino DF, Cerrato N, Martins RP, Campuzano O, Van Dooren S, Thollet A, Kyndt F, Mazzanti A, Clémenty N, Bisson A, Corveleyn A, Stallmeyer B, Dittmann S, Saenen J, Noël A, Honarbakhsh S, Rudic B, Marzak H, Rowe MK, Federspiel C, Le Page S, Placide L, Milhem A, Barajas-Martinez H, Beckmann BM, Krapels IP, Steinfurt J, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Shoemaker MB, Boukens BJ, Škorić-Milosavljević D, Bikker H, Manevy FC, Lichtner P, Ribasés M, Meitinger T, Müller-Nurasyid M, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Van Damme P, Cusi D, Lanzani C, Rigade S, Charpentier E, Baron E, Bonnaud S, Lecointe S, Donnart A, Le Marec H, Chatel S, Karakachoff M, Bézieau S, London B, Tfelt-Hansen J, Roden D, Odening KE, Cerrone M, Chinitz LA, Volders PG, van de Berg MP, Laurent G, Faivre L, Antzelevitch C, Kääb S, Arnaout AA, Dupuis JM, Pasquie JL, Billon O, Roberts JD, Jesel L, Borggrefe M, Lambiase PD, Mansourati J, Loeys B, Leenhardt A, Guicheney P, Maury P, Schulze-Bahr E, Robyns T, Breckpot J, Babuty D, Priori SG, Napolitano C, de Asmundis C, Brugada P, Brugada R, Arbelo E, Brugada J, Mabo P, Behar N, Giustetto C, Molina MS, Gimeno JR, Hasdemir C, Schwartz PJ, Crotti L, McKeown PP, Sharma S, Behr ER, Haissaguerre M, Sacher F, Rooryck C, Tan HL, Remme CA, Postema PG, Delmar M, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA, Gourraud JB, Tanck MW, George AL, MacRae CA, Burridge PW, Dina C, Probst V, Wilde AA, Schott JJ, Redon R, Bezzina CR. Genome-wide association analyses identify new Brugada syndrome risk loci and highlight a new mechanism of sodium channel regulation in disease susceptibility. Nat Genet 2022; 54:232-239. [PMID: 35210625 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with sudden death in young adults. With the exception of SCN5A, encoding the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, susceptibility genes remain largely unknown. Here we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 2,820 unrelated cases with BrS and 10,001 controls, and identified 21 association signals at 12 loci (10 new). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-heritability estimates indicate a strong polygenic influence. Polygenic risk score analyses based on the 21 susceptibility variants demonstrate varying cumulative contribution of common risk alleles among different patient subgroups, as well as genetic associations with cardiac electrical traits and disorders in the general population. The predominance of cardiac transcription factor loci indicates that transcriptional regulation is a key feature of BrS pathogenesis. Furthermore, functional studies conducted on MAPRE2, encoding the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB2, point to microtubule-related trafficking effects on NaV1.5 expression as a new underlying molecular mechanism. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the genetic architecture of BrS and provide new insights into its molecular underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Barc
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France. .,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, .
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlotte Glinge
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Y Chiang
- Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Floriane Simonet
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Sean J Jurgens
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manon Baudic
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Michele Nicastro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franck Potet
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joost A Offerhaus
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roddy Walsh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuka Mizusawa
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soraya Anys
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Damien Minois
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Arnaud
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Josselin Duchateau
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac, France
| | - Yanushi D Wijeyeratne
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.,Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alison Muir
- Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust and Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.,Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Silvia Castelletti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Torchio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Cristina Gil Ortuño
- Cardiogenetic, Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Lacunza
- Cardiology, Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniela F Giachino
- Clinical and Biological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy.,Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Natascia Cerrato
- Medical Sciences, Cardiology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Raphaël P Martins
- Cardiologie et Maladies vasculaires, Université Rennes1 - CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain.,Medical Science Department, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Van Dooren
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Centre for Medical Genetics, research group Reproduction and Genetics, research cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Thollet
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Kyndt
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Molecular Cardiology, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Anniek Corveleyn
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- University Hospital Münster, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Dittmann
- University Hospital Münster, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Münster, Germany
| | - Johan Saenen
- Cardiology, Electrophysiology - Cardiogenetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Antoine Noël
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Boris Rudic
- Department 1st of Medicine, Cardiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Halim Marzak
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthew K Rowe
- Medicine, Cardiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Federspiel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vendée Hospital, Service de Cardiologie, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | | | - Leslie Placide
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Milhem
- Department of Cardiology, CH La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Britt-Maria Beckmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,University Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Legal Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingrid P Krapels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Steinfurt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bo Gregers Winkel
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Jabbari
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moore B Shoemaker
- Medicine, Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bas J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Škorić-Milosavljević
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hennie Bikker
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federico C Manevy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Neurology Department University Hospital Leuven, Neuroscience Department KU Leuven, Center for Brain & Disease Research VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Scientific Unit, Bio4Dreams - Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzani
- Nephrology, Genomics of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sidwell Rigade
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Charpentier
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Baron
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Bonnaud
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Lecointe
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Donnart
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Chatel
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Matilde Karakachoff
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Barry London
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Roden
- Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Medicine, Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Medicine, Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Translational Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina Cerrone
- Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Center and Cardiovascular Genetics Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry A Chinitz
- Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Center and Cardiovascular Genetics Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul G Volders
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van de Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Laurent
- Cardiology Department, ImVia lab team IFTIM, University Hospital Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Stefan Kääb
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partnersite Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Pasquie
- Department of Cardiology, CNRS UMR9214 - Inserm U1046 - PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier et CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Billon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vendée Hospital, Service de Cardiologie, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Jason D Roberts
- Medicine, Cardiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence Jesel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM 1260 - Regenerative Nanomedecine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- Department 1st of Medicine, Cardiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Cardiology, Medicine, Barts Heart Centre, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovasculr Science, UCL, Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Bart Loeys
- Center for Medical Genetics, Cardiogenetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Antoine Leenhardt
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Department of Cardiology, Hopital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Guicheney
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,UMR_S1166, Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Maury
- Service de cardiologie, Hôpital Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,University Hospital Münster, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Münster, Germany
| | - Tomas Robyns
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Silvia G Priori
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Molecular Cardiology, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Napolitano
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Molecular Cardiology, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo de Asmundis
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Heart Rhythm Management Center, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Universitair Ziekenhuis, Brussel-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, ERN Heart Guard Center, Brussels, Belgium.,IDIBAPS, Institut d'Investigació August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Brugada
- Heart Rhythm Management Center, UZ Brussel-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Hospital Trueta, CiberCV, University of Girona, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Arbelo
- Arrhythmia Section, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Mabo
- Cardiologie et Maladies vasculaires, Université Rennes1 - CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Behar
- Cardiologie et Maladies vasculaires, Université Rennes1 - CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Carla Giustetto
- Medical Sciences, Cardiology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Sabater Molina
- Cardiogenetic, Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan R Gimeno
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Cardiology, Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Can Hasdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Lia Crotti
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Pascal P McKeown
- Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust and Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.,Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elijah R Behr
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.,Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michel Haissaguerre
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Sacher
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carol A Remme
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter G Postema
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- Medicine, Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gourraud
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
| | - Michael W Tanck
- Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Clinical Methods and Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Dina
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
| | - Arthur A Wilde
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
| | - Richard Redon
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, . .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Magdy T, Jouni M, Kuo H, Weddle CJ, Lyra–Leite D, Fonoudi H, Romero–Tejeda M, Gharib M, Javed H, Fajardo G, Ross CJD, Carleton BC, Bernstein D, Burridge PW. Identification of Drug Transporter Genomic Variants and Inhibitors That Protect Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Circulation 2022; 145:279-294. [PMID: 34874743 PMCID: PMC8792344 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple pharmacogenomic studies have identified the synonymous genomic variant rs7853758 (G > A, L461L) and the intronic variant rs885004 in SLC28A3 (solute carrier family 28 member 3) as statistically associated with a lower incidence of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the true causal variant(s), the cardioprotective mechanism of this locus, the role of SLC28A3 and other solute carrier (SLC) transporters in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, and the suitability of SLC transporters as targets for cardioprotective drugs has not been investigated. METHODS Six well-phenotyped, doxorubicin-treated pediatric patients from the original association study cohort were recruited again, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were generated. Patient-specific doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) was then characterized using assays of cell viability, activated caspase 3/7, and doxorubicin uptake. The role of SLC28A3 in DIC was then queried using overexpression and knockout of SLC28A3 in isogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using a CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9). Fine-mapping of the SLC28A3 locus was then completed after SLC28A3 resequencing and an extended in silico haplotype and functional analysis. Genome editing of the potential causal variant was done using cytosine base editor. SLC28A3-AS1 overexpression was done using a lentiviral plasmid-based transduction and was validated using stranded RNA-sequencing after ribosomal RNA depletion. Drug screening was done using the Prestwick Chemical Library (n = 1200), followed by in vivo validation in mice. The effect of desipramine on doxorubicin cytotoxicity was also investigated in 8 cancer cell lines. RESULTS Here, using the most commonly used anthracycline, doxorubicin, we demonstrate that patient-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulate the cardioprotective effect of the SLC28A3 locus and that SLC28A3 expression influences the severity of DIC. Using Nanopore-based fine-mapping and base editing, we identify a novel cardioprotective single nucleotide polymorphism, rs11140490, in the SLC28A3 locus; its effect is exerted via regulation of an antisense long noncoding RNA (SLC28A3-AS1) that overlaps with SLC28A3. Using high-throughput drug screening in patient-derived cardiomyocytes and whole organism validation in mice, we identify the SLC competitive inhibitor desipramine as protective against DIC. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the power of the human induced pluripotent stem cell model to take a single nucleotide polymorphism from a statistical association through to drug discovery, providing human cell-tested data for clinical trials to attenuate DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hui–Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Carly J. Weddle
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Davi Lyra–Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hananeh Fonoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Marisol Romero–Tejeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mennat Gharib
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hoor Javed
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Colin J. D. Ross
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce C. Carleton
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Translational Therapeutics Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul W. Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Ackermann M, Rafiei Hashtchin A, Manstein F, Carvalho Oliveira M, Kempf H, Zweigerdt R, Lachmann N. Continuous human iPSC-macrophage mass production by suspension culture in stirred tank bioreactors. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:513-539. [PMID: 35039668 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to enable the development of cell-based therapies for numerous disease conditions. We here provide a detailed protocol for the mass production of iPSC-derived macrophages (iPSC-Mac) in scalable suspension culture on an orbital shaker or in stirred-tank bioreactors (STBRs). This strategy is straightforward, robust and characterized by the differentiation of primed iPSC aggregates into 'myeloid-cell-forming-complex' intermediates by means of a minimal cytokine cocktail. In contrast to the 'batch-like differentiation approaches' established for other iPSC-derived lineages, myeloid-cell-forming-complex-intermediates are stably maintained in suspension culture and continuously generate functional and highly pure iPSC-Mac. Employing a culture volume of 120 ml in the STBR platform, ~1-4 × 107 iPSC-Mac can be harvested at weekly intervals for several months. The STBR technology allows for real-time monitoring of crucial process parameters such as biomass, pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrition levels; the system also promotes systematic process development, optimization and linear upscaling. The process duration, from the expansion of iPSC until the first iPSC-Mac harvest, is 28 d. Successful application of the protocol requires expertise in pluripotent stem cell culture, differentiation and analytical methods, such as flow cytometry. Fundamental know-how in biotechnology is also advantageous to run the process in the STBR platform. The continuous, scalable production of well-defined iPSC-Mac populations is highly relevant to various fields, ranging from developmental biology, immunology and cell therapies to industrial applications for drug safety and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Rafiei Hashtchin
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Carvalho Oliveira
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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44
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Bartolomé A. Stem Cell-Derived β Cells: A Versatile Research Platform to Interrogate the Genetic Basis of β Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:501. [PMID: 35008927 PMCID: PMC8745644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a central component of diabetes progression. During the last decades, the genetic basis of several monogenic forms of diabetes has been recognized. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also facilitated the identification of common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of diabetes. These studies highlight the importance of impaired β cell function in all forms of diabetes. However, how most of these risk variants confer disease risk, remains unanswered. Understanding the specific contribution of genetic variants and the precise role of their molecular effectors is the next step toward developing treatments that target β cell dysfunction in the era of personalized medicine. Protocols that allow derivation of β cells from pluripotent stem cells, represent a powerful research tool that allows modeling of human development and versatile experimental designs that can be used to shed some light on diabetes pathophysiology. This article reviews different models to study the genetic basis of β cell dysfunction, focusing on the recent advances made possible by stem cell applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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45
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Bomkamp C, Skaalure SC, Fernando GF, Ben‐Arye T, Swartz EW, Specht EA. Scaffolding Biomaterials for 3D Cultivated Meat: Prospects and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102908. [PMID: 34786874 PMCID: PMC8787436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cultivating meat from stem cells rather than by raising animals is a promising solution to concerns about the negative externalities of meat production. For cultivated meat to fully mimic conventional meat's organoleptic and nutritional properties, innovations in scaffolding technology are required. Many scaffolding technologies are already developed for use in biomedical tissue engineering. However, cultivated meat production comes with a unique set of constraints related to the scale and cost of production as well as the necessary attributes of the final product, such as texture and food safety. This review discusses the properties of vertebrate skeletal muscle that will need to be replicated in a successful product and the current state of scaffolding innovation within the cultivated meat industry, highlighting promising scaffold materials and techniques that can be applied to cultivated meat development. Recommendations are provided for future research into scaffolds capable of supporting the growth of high-quality meat while minimizing production costs. Although the development of appropriate scaffolds for cultivated meat is challenging, it is also tractable and provides novel opportunities to customize meat properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
| | | | | | - Tom Ben‐Arye
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
| | - Elliot W. Swartz
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
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46
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Tristan CA, Ormanoglu P, Slamecka J, Malley C, Chu PH, Jovanovic VM, Gedik Y, Jethmalani Y, Bonney C, Barnaeva E, Braisted J, Mallanna SK, Dorjsuren D, Iannotti MJ, Voss TC, Michael S, Simeonov A, Singeç I. Robotic high-throughput biomanufacturing and functional differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3076-3092. [PMID: 34861164 PMCID: PMC8693769 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient translation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) requires scalable cell manufacturing strategies for optimal self-renewal and functional differentiation. Traditional manual cell culture is variable and labor intensive, posing challenges for high-throughput applications. Here, we established a robotic platform and automated all essential steps of hiPSC culture and differentiation under chemically defined conditions. This approach allowed rapid and standardized manufacturing of billions of hiPSCs that can be produced in parallel from up to 90 different patient- and disease-specific cell lines. Moreover, we established automated multi-lineage differentiation and generated functional neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. To validate our approach, we compared robotic and manual cell culture operations and performed comprehensive molecular and cellular characterizations (e.g., single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry, metabolism, electrophysiology) to benchmark industrial-scale cell culture operations toward building an integrated platform for efficient cell manufacturing for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claire Malley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yeliz Gedik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yogita Jethmalani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Charles Bonney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - John Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sunil K Mallanna
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dorjbal Dorjsuren
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael J Iannotti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ty C Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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47
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Chen L, Guttieres D, Koenigsberg A, Barone PW, Sinskey AJ, Springs SL. Large-scale cultured meat production: Trends, challenges and promising biomanufacturing technologies. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121274. [PMID: 34871881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food systems of the future will need to face an increasingly clear reality - that a protein-rich diet is essential for good health, but traditional meat products will not suffice to ensure safety, sustainability, and equity of food supply chains at a global scale. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of bioprocess technologies needed for cell-based meat production and challenges in reaching commercial scale. Specifically, it reviews state-of-the-art bioprocess technologies, current limitations, and opportunities for research across four domains: cell line development, cell culture media, scaffolding, and bioreactors. This also includes exploring innovations to make cultured meat a viable protein alternative across numerous key performance indicators and for specific applications where traditional livestock is not an option (e.g., local production, space exploration). The paper explores tradeoffs between production scale, product quality, production cost, and footprint over different time horizons. Finally, a discussion explores various factors that may impact the ability to successfully scale and market cultured meat products: social acceptance, environmental tradeoffs, regulatory guidance, and public health benefits. While the exact nature of the transition from traditional livestock to alternative protein products is uncertain, it has already started and will likely continue to build momentum in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Donovan Guttieres
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Koenigsberg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Paul W Barone
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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48
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Ong KJ, Johnston J, Datar I, Sewalt V, Holmes D, Shatkin JA. Food safety considerations and research priorities for the cultured meat and seafood industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5421-5448. [PMID: 34633147 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cultured meat and seafood offer a sustainable opportunity to meet the world's increasing demand for protein in a climate-changed world. A responsible, data-driven approach to assess and demonstrate safety of cell-cultured meat and seafood can support consumer acceptance and help fully realize the potential of these products. As an initial step toward a thorough demonstration of safety, this review identifies hazards that could be introduced during manufacturing, evaluates applicability of existing safety assessment approaches, and highlights research priorities that could support safe commercialization. Input was gathered from members of the cultured meat and seafood industry, researchers, regulators, and food safety experts. A series of workshops were held with 87 industry representatives and researchers to create a modular manufacturing process diagram, which served as a framework to identify potential chemical and biological hazards along the steps of the manufacturing process that could affect the safety of a final food product. Interviews and feedback on draft documents validated the process diagram and supported hazard identification and evaluation of applicable safety methods. Most hazards are not expected to be novel; therefore, safety assessment methods from a range of fields, such as conventional and novel foods, foods produced from biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and so forth, are likely to be applicable. However, additional assessment of novel inputs or products with significant differences from existing foods may be necessary. Further research on the safety of the inputs and associated residues, potential for contamination, and development of standardized safety assessment approaches (particularly animal-free methods) is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isha Datar
- New Harvest Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Salem T, Frankman Z, Churko J. Tissue engineering techniques for iPSC derived three-dimensional cardiac constructs. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:891-911. [PMID: 34476988 PMCID: PMC9419978 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in applied developmental physiology have provided well-defined methodologies for producing human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes produced in this way have become commonplace as cardiac physiology research models. This accessibility has also allowed for the development of tissue engineered human heart constructs for drug screening, surgical intervention, and investigating cardiac pathogenesis. However, cardiac tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that involves complex engineering and physiological concepts, which limits its accessibility. This review provides a readable, broad reaching, and thorough discussion of major factors to consider for the development of cardiovascular tissues from stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. This review will examine important considerations in undertaking a cardiovascular tissue engineering project, and will present, interpret, and summarize some of the recent advancements in this field. This includes reviewing different forms of tissue engineered constructs, a discussion on cardiomyocyte sources, and an in-depth discussion of the fabrication and maturation procedures for tissue engineered heart constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Salem
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - Zachary Frankman
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - Jared Churko
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, 1501 N Campbell RD, SHC 6143, Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85724-5128;
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50
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Cruz N, Buscaglia R, Salanga M, Kellar R. Environmentally Relevant Levels of Depleted Uranium Impacts Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation, Viability, Metabolic Activity, and Scratch Closure. TOXICS 2021; 9:211. [PMID: 34564362 PMCID: PMC8472857 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a heavy metal used in military and industrial settings, with a large portion being mined from the Southwest region of the United States. Uranium has uses in energy and military weaponry, but the mining process has released U into soil and surface waters that may pose threats to human and environmental health. The majority of literature regarding U's human health concern focuses on outcomes based on unintentional ingestion or inhalation, and limited data are available about its influence via cutaneous contact. Utilizing skin dermis cells, we evaluated U's topical chemotoxicity. Employing soluble depleted uranium (DU) in the form of uranyl nitrate (UN), we hypothesized that in vitro exposure of UN will have cytotoxic effects on primary dermal fibroblasts by affecting cell viability and metabolic activity and, further, may delay wound healing aspects via altering cell proliferation and migration. Using environmentally relevant levels of U found in water (0.1 μM to 100 μM [UN]; 23.8-23,800 ppb [U]), we quantified cellular mitosis and migration through growth curves and in vitro scratch assays. Cells were exposed from 24 h to 144 h for a time-course evaluation of UN chemical toxicity. The effects of UN were observed at concentrations above and below the Environmental Protection Agency threshold for safe exposure limits. UN exposure resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the viable cell count; however, it produced an increase in metabolism when corrected for the viable cells present. Furthermore, cellular proliferation, population doubling, and percent closure was hindered at levels ≥10 μM UN. Therefore, inadvertent exposure may exacerbate pre-existing skin diseases in at-risk demographics, and additionally, it may substantially interfere in cutaneous tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (N.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Robert Buscaglia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Matthew Salanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (N.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Robert Kellar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (N.C.); (M.S.)
- Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications (¡MIRA!), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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