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Zhang F, Zhang B, Ding H, Li X, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu Q, Feng Q, Han M, Chen L, Qi L, Yang D, Li X, Zhu X, Zhao Q, Qiu J, Zhu Z, Tang H, Shen N, Wang H, Wei B. The Oxysterol Receptor EBI2 Links Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Limit IFN Response and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207108. [PMID: 37469011 PMCID: PMC10520634 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with abnormal activation of the immune system. Recent attention is increasing about how aberrant lipid and cholesterol metabolism is linked together with type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in the regulation of the pathogenesis of SLE. Here, a metabonomic analysis is performed and increased plasma concentrations of oxysterols, especially 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α, 25-OHC), are identified in SLE patients. The authors find that 7α, 25-OHC binding to its receptor Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) in macrophages can suppress STAT activation and the production of IFN-β, chemokines, and cytokines. Importantly, monocytes/macrophages from SLE patients and mice show significantly reduced EBI2 expression, which can be triggered by IFN-γ produced in activated T cells. Previous findings suggest that EBI2 enhances immune cell migration. Opposite to this effect, the authors demonstrate that EBI2-deficient macrophages produce higher levels of chemokines and cytokines, which recruits and activates myeloid cells,T and B lymphocytes to exacerbate tetramethylpentadecane-induced SLE. Together, via sensing the oxysterol 7α, 25-OHC, EBI2 in macrophages can modulate innate and adaptive immune responses, which may be used as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cancer CenterShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072China
| | - Baokai Zhang
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Huihua Ding
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai200127China
| | - Xiangyue Li
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Xilin Wang
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceWuhan430071China
| | - Qiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceWuhan430071China
| | - Qiuyun Feng
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Mingshun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Longlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular PhenomicsFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Linlin Qi
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceWuhan430071China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Xingguo Zhu
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular PhenomicsFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)Shanghai200127China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute of GeriatricsAffiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong)School of MedicineShanghai UniversityNantong226011China
- Immune Cells and Human Diseases Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Cancer CenterShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceWuhan430071China
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGene Diagnosis Research CenterFujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350000China
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2
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Vitku J, Horackova L, Kolatorova L, Duskova M, Skodova T, Simkova M. Derivatized versus non-derivatized LC-MS/MS techniques for the analysis of estrogens and estrogen-like endocrine disruptors in human plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115083. [PMID: 37269613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols, parabens, alkylphenols and triclosan are anthropogenic substances with a phenolic group that have been introduced to the environment in recent decades. As they possess hormone-like effects, they have been termed endocrine disruptors (EDs), and can interfere with steroid pathways in organisms. To evaluate the potential impact of EDs on steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, sensitive and robust methods enabling the concurrent measurement of EDs and steroids in plasma are needed. Of crucial importance is the analysis of unconjugated EDs, which possess biological activity. The aim of the study was to develop and validate LC-MS/MS methods with and without a derivatization step for the analysis of unconjugated steroids (estrone-E1, estradiol-E2, estriol-E3, aldosterone-ALDO) and different groups of EDs (bisphenols, parabens, nonylphenol-NP and triclosan-TCS), and compare these methods on a set of 24 human plasma samples using Passing-Bablok regression analysis. Both methods were validated according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The method with dansyl chloride derivatization allowed 17 compounds to be measured: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), bisphenols (bisphenol A-BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ, BPP), parabens (methylparaben-MP, ethylparaben-EP, propylparaben-PP, butylparaben-BP, benzylparaben-BenzylP), TCS and NP, with lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) between 4 and 125 pg/mL. The method without derivatization enabled 15 compounds to be analyzed: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), ALDO, bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ), parabens (MP, EP, PP, BP, BenzylP) with LLOQs between 2 and 63 pg/mL, and NP and BPP in semiquantitative mode. Adding 6 mM ammonium fluoride post column into mobile phases in the method without derivatization achieved similar or even better LLOQs than the method with the derivatization step. The uniqueness of the methods lies in the simultaneous determination of different classes of unconjugated (bioactive) fraction of EDs together with selected steroids (estrogens + ALDO in the method without derivatization), which provides a useful tool for evaluating the relationships between EDs and steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - L Horackova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kolatorova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Duskova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Skodova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Simkova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
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Schofield RC, Kirchoff D, Carlow DC. Quantitation of Estradiol and Testosterone in Serum Using LC-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2546:141-148. [PMID: 36127585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2565-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult and pediatric endocrinology and oncology often requires measuring serum estrogens and testosterone at very low concentrations. Conventional immunoassay methods often lack the required performance to meet this analytical need, and mass spectrometry techniques must be employed. Our aim was to develop a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS assay for both estradiol (E2) and testosterone (Te) in serum, utilizing commercially available calibrators and without the need for chemical derivatization. Serum samples, after the addition of an internal standard, are combined with a hexane:ethyl acetate extraction solution. The samples are vortexed, and the organic layer is decanted into a clean sample tube and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen. The samples are reconstituted in a water:methanol solution and separated chromatographically using a reversed-phase HPLC column. Subsequent mass spectrometry is performed using both positive ion mode for Te and negative ion mode for E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Schofield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Kirchoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dean C Carlow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Zuo HG, Liu XY, Du YQ, Xiong SY, Hao RQ, Huang ZF, Hu MH. Preparation of Novel Restricted Access Material-Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization for 17β-Estradiol Determination in Milk Powder. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822090040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Šimková M, Kolátorová L, Drašar P, Vítků J. An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 32 steroids in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1201-1202:123294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hou Z, Huang S, Mei Z, Chen L, Guo J, Gao Y, Zhuang Q, Zhang X, Tan Q, Yang T, Liu Y, Chi Y, Qi L, Jiang T, Shao X, Wu Y, Xu X, Qin J, Ren R, Tang H, Wu D, Li Z. Inhibiting 3βHSD1 to eliminate the oncogenic effects of progesterone in prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100561. [PMID: 35492874 PMCID: PMC9040187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer continuously progresses following deprivation of circulating androgens originating from the testis and adrenal glands, indicating the existence of oncometabolites beyond androgens. In this study, mass-spectrometry-based screening of clinical specimens and a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of prostate cancer patients indicate the potential oncogenic effects of progesterone in patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Physiological levels of progesterone facilitate cell proliferation via GATA2. Inhibitors of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) has been discovered and shown to suppress the generation of progesterone, eliminating its transient and accumulating oncogenic effects. An increase in progesterone is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients and may be used as a predictive biomarker. Overall, we demonstrate that progesterone acts as an oncogenic hormone in prostate cancer, and strategies to eliminate its oncogenic effects may benefit prostate cancer patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical AR signaling Progesterone of physiological levels exerts its chronic oncogenic effect via GATA2 Targeting 3βHSD1 to suppress progesterone synthesis blocks its oncogenic effects Serum progesterone might be a predictive biomarker for abiraterone response
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zejie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yongnan Chi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lifengrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Xuefeng Shao
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
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Determination of Intraprostatic and Intratesticular Androgens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010466. [PMID: 33466491 PMCID: PMC7796479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens represent the main hormones responsible for maintaining hormonal balance and function in the prostate and testis. As they are involved in prostate and testicular carcinogenesis, more detailed information of their active concentration at the site of action is required. Since the introduction of the term intracrinology as the local formation of active steroid hormones from inactive precursors of the adrenal gland, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S, it is evident that blood circulating levels of sex steroid hormones need not reflect their actual concentrations in the tissue. Here, we review and critically evaluate available methods for the analysis of human intraprostatic and intratesticular steroid concentrations. Since analytical approaches have much in common in both tissues, we discuss them together. Preanalytical steps, including various techniques for separation of the analytes, are compared, followed by the end-point measurement. Advantages and disadvantages of chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS, GC-MS), immunoanalytical methods (IA), and hybrid (LC-IA) are discussed. Finally, the clinical information value of the determined steroid hormones is evaluated concerning differentiating between patients with cancer or benign hyperplasia and between patients with different degrees of infertility. Adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgens are mentioned as perspective prognostic markers for these purposes.
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Hobo Y, Nishikawa J, Miyashiro Y, Fujikata A. Measurement of steroid hormones by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with small amounts of hair. Steroids 2020; 164:108732. [PMID: 32976917 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone levels in hair reflect the integrated values (average values) of hormone secretion over the past few months. We have used a method to evaluate diseases and chronic stress, discrimination of banned drug use, and so on. In contrast, the hair analysis methods reported so far required at least 10 mg (about 50 to 100 hair strands) of hair to analyze multiple steroid hormones from the same sample. Here, we developed a new method for measuring steroid hormones in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which identifies multiple steroid hormones from 5 to 10 (about 1 mg) hair strands. Ten steroid hormones (cortisol, cortisone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, pregnenolone, androstenediol and estradiol) covering from sex hormones to stress hormones were derivatized and measured by four different measuring systems. The method showed good linearity for all steroids with correlation coefficients of 0.999 or more. The accuracy and precision of intra- and inter-assay ranged from 96.0 to 106.4% and 4.8 to 8.1% for intra-assay, and from 96.9 to 104.9% and 6.9 and 10.6% for inter-assay, respectively. A mixed solution containing 0.1 M trifluoroacetic acid and 50% acetonitrile was used to extract hair and to enhance the cortisol extraction efficiency approximately twice compared to the previously reported extraction with methanol. This method has the potential to clarify the relationship between steroid hormone levels and diseases that show alopecia such as chronic stress and androgenetic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hobo
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan.
| | - Jun Nishikawa
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Miyashiro
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Fujikata
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan
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Luque-Córdoba D, Priego-Capote F. Fully automated method for quantitative determination of steroids in serum: An approach to evaluate steroidogenesis. Talanta 2020; 224:121923. [PMID: 33379124 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis is a set of metabolic reactions where the enzymes play a key role to control the physiological levels of steroids. A deficiency in steroidogenesis induces an accumulation and/or insufficiency of steroids in human blood and can lead to different pathologies. This issue added to the low levels of steroids (pg mL-1 to ng mL-1) in this biofluid make of their determination an analytical challenge. In this research, we present a high-throughtput and fully automated method based on solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (SPE-LC-MS/MS) to quantify estrogens (estrone and estradiol), androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone), progestogens (progesterone, pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone), glucocorticoids (21-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and cortisol) and one mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) in human serum. The performance of the SPE step and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode allowed reaching a high sensitivity and selectivity levels without any derivatization reaction. The fragmentation mechanisms of the steroids were complementary studied by LC-MS/MS in high-resolution mode to confirm the MRM transitions. The method was characterized with two SPE sorbents with similar physico-chemical properties. Thus, limits of quantification were at pg mL-1 levels, the variability was below 25% (except for pregnenolone and cortisone), and the accuracy, expressed as bias, was always within ±25%. The proposed method was tested in human serum from ten volunteers, who reported levels for the sixteen target steroids that were satisfactorily in agreement with the physiological ranges reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.
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10
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Gravitte A, Archibald T, Cobble A, Kennard B, Brown S. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5036. [PMID: 33226656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the sex steroid hormones 17-β estradiol, progesterone and testosterone from biological matrices. The importance of accurate quantification with these hormones, even at endogenous levels, has evolved with our understanding of the role these regulators play in human development, fertility and disease risk and manifestation. Routine monitoring of these analytes can be accomplished by immunoassay techniques, which face limitations on specificity and sensitivity, or using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LC-MS/MS is growing in capability and acceptance for clinically relevant quantification of sex steroid hormones in biological matrices and is able to overcome many of the limitations of immunoassays. Analyte specificity has improved through the use of novel derivatizing agents, and sensitivity has been refined through the use of high-resolution chromatography and mass spectrometric technology. This review highlights these innovations, among others, in LC-MS/MS steroid hormone analysis captured in the literature over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gravitte
- James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Archibald
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Allison Cobble
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin Kennard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Zheng J, Huang S, Tong Y, Wei S, Chen G, Huang S, Ouyang G. In-situ layer-by-layer synthesized TpPa-1 COF solid-phase microextraction fiber for detecting sex hormones in serum. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:28-36. [PMID: 33153606 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The secretion disorder of sex hormones is the source that leads to the occurrence of many diseases such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hyperandrogenism and so on. There exist physiological changes in human body when slight fluctuations in concentrations of sex hormones happen. Therefore, it's of great significance for accurate detection of sex hormones in human body. In this work, TpPa-1 COF solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was prepared using high-efficient in-situ synthesis strategy and coupled with HPLC-MS/MS to detect three sex hormones, including Progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in human serum. The thickness of the coating reached 7 μm within 2 h. Under the optimal conditions, the established method presented low limit of detections (LODs, ≤ 0.75 ng/mL), wide linear ranges (0.100-100 ng mL-1) and good reproducibility, and three sex hormones (T, P, DHEA) were successfully detected and quantified in human serum. In conclusion, the established SPME method presented high-efficient fiber preparation and good analytical performances of sex hormone detection, therefore was in great potential for application in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Zheng
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat- Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Shuyao Huang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat- Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Yuanjun Tong
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat- Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Songbo Wei
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat- Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat- Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Siming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics, Sun Yat- Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat- Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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12
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Strategies for effective development of ultra-sensitive LC–MS/MS assays: application to a novel STING agonist. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:467-484. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The continual need for the development and validation of ultra-sensitive (low pg/ml) LC–MS/MS assays in the pharmaceutical industry is largely driven by the ultra-low analyte exposure or very low sample volume. Methodology: Strategies and systematic approaches for sensitivity enhancement are provided which cover all aspects of a LC–MS/MS bioanalysis. A case study where such strategies were applied for the validation of a 5.0 pg/ml assay for a STING agonist is discussed. Conclusion: Analytical protocols were developed to extract analytes from large volume of plasma samples (600 and 400 μl) with high throughput. The guidance provided in this publication can serve as a resource to influence LC–MS/MS method development activities.
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13
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Quantitative analysis of underivatized 17 β-estradiol using a high-throughput LC-MS/MS assay - Application to support a pharmacokinetic study in ovariectomized guinea pigs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112897. [PMID: 31593865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Difference in female sex hormone, β-estradiol (E2), levels can contribute to sex differences in biological processes that underlie target tissue functions (QT interval), vulnerability to diseases (hepatitis or HIV), and response toward therapies. Accurate quantification of plasma E2 level is thus an important aspect in both basic science research examining hormone-regulated physiological mechanisms and in clinical settings to support patient care associated with altered E2 levels. Due to lack of a high-throughput high-sensitivity analytical method, we developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay for accurate low-level quantification of E2 and demonstrated its application to a guinea pig pharmacokinetic study in which guinea pigs were treated with 10 or 40 μg/kg E2 subcutaneously and blood samples collected at 0 (pre-dose), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h post-dosing. E2 was extracted using 90 μL ovariectomized guinea pig plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. The method was robust, sensitive with linear range from 3.9 to 1000 pg/mL, and the assay met acceptance criteria for validation parameters listed in the current FDA Guidance on Bioanalytical Method Validation. Compared to the 10 μg/kg dose, more than dose proportional increase in maximum E2 plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC0-∞ and correspondingly longer half-life were observed after 40 μg/kg dose. This assay is a significant improvement over existing E2 quantification methods in bioanalytical field, with high precision and accuracy, low sample and injection volumes, no derivatization, and short assay run time of 3 min. This assay is amenable in high-throughput settings requiring low-level E2 quantitation in basic science research and clinical settings.
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14
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Denver N, Khan S, Homer NZM, MacLean MR, Andrew R. Current strategies for quantification of estrogens in clinical research. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105373. [PMID: 31112747 PMCID: PMC6726893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens and their bioactive metabolites play key roles in regulating diverse processes in health and disease. In particular, estrogens and estrogenic metabolites have shown both protective and non-protective effects on disease pathobiology, implicating the importance of this steroid pathway in disease diagnostics and monitoring. All estrogens circulate in a wide range of concentrations, which in some patient cohorts can be extremely low. However, elevated levels of estradiol are reported in disease. For example, in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) elevated levels have been reported in men and postmenopausal women. Conventional immunoassay techniques have come under scrutiny, with their selectivity, accuracy and precision coming into question. Analytical methodologies such as gas and liquid chromatography coupled to single and tandem mass spectrometric approaches (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS) have been developed to quantify endogenous estrogens and in some cases their bioactive metabolites in biological fluids such as urine, serum, plasma and saliva. Liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction approaches are favoured with derivatization remaining a necessity for detection in lower volumes of sample. The limits of quantitation of individual assays vary but are commonly in the range of 0.5-5 pg/mL for estrone and estradiol, with limits for their bioactive metabolites being higher. This review provides an overview of current approaches for measurement of unconjugated estrogens in biological matrices by MS, highlighting the advances in this field and the challenges remaining for routine use in the clinical and research environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Denver
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Shazia Khan
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ.
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret R MacLean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4TJ.
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15
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Liu Q, Chi Q, Fan RT, Tian HD, Wang X. Quantitative-Profiling Method of Serum Steroid Hormones by Hydroxylamine-Derivatization HPLC-MS. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:201-208. [PMID: 30968349 PMCID: PMC6538747 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of ten steroid hormones, including estrogens, androgens, progesterones, and corticosteroids four classes of steroids. The following ten steroid hormones were analyzed: progesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, estrone, 4-androstenedione, testosterone, dihydro-testosterone, androstenone, dehydroepiandrosterone, corticosterone and cortisone. Stable deuterated isotopes were used as internal standards for quantification. Sample preparation with and without derivatization were performed after liquid-liquid extraction, and the corresponding results were compared according to sensitivity and selectivity. Hydroxylamine derivatization was found to improve the ionization efficiency of the analytes for electrospray ionization MS analysis. The gradient of mobile phase and experimental parameters for HPLC separation were optimized. The lower limits of quantification were in the range of 0.05-5 ng mL-1 with wide linear range for the ten steroid hormones. The intra-day precision < 11.1% and recovery of 84.5-120% with negligible matrix effect were achieved, where within the acceptance limits of the FDA guideline. Total HPLC-MS analysis time was 6 min. This method enables simultaneous quantification of steroids in human serum. It will be helpful for the serum steroid profiling in order to understand various endocrinology diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Mitsui T, Araki A, Miyashita C, Ito S, Ikeno T, Sasaki S, Kitta T, Moriya K, Cho K, Morioka K, Kishi R, Shinohara N, Takeda M, Nonomura K. Effects of prenatal sex hormones on behavioral sexual dimorphism. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:140-146. [PMID: 30565800 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between the hormone environment during the prenatal period using cord blood, and gender-role play behavior in school-aged children. METHODS A total of 879 school-aged children (433 boys and 446 girls) in a prospective birth cohort study in Hokkaido were enrolled to analyze the relationship between cord blood level of the sex hormones estradiol (E), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI) score. The PSAI evaluated sex-typical characteristics, the type of preferred toys and play activities. The PSAI consists of 12 masculine and 12 feminine items, and the composite scores were calculated by subtracting the feminine score from the masculine score. Higher scores indicated male-typical behavior. RESULTS Composite and masculine PSAI scores were significantly higher in boys. Meanwhile, the feminine score was significantly lower in boys. Although T and P were significantly higher in boys, E/T was significantly higher in girls. In a multivariate regression model, including covariates of social factors, there was no correlation between any of the hormones and PSAI score in boys. In girls, only P and E/T were positively correlated with the feminine score. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal sex hormone exposure may influence the dimorphic brain development and behavior in school-aged girls. Furthermore, the cord blood hormone levels may not fully reflect the hormone environment during the prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tamiko Ikeno
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeya Kitta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keita Morioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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Simultaneous Quantification of Ten Oxysterols Based on LC–MS/MS and its Application in Atherosclerosis Human Serum Samples. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Miyashita C, Araki A, Mitsui T, Itoh S, Goudarzi H, Sasaki S, Kajiwara J, Hori T, Cho K, Moriya K, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Kishi R. Sex-related differences in the associations between maternal dioxin-like compounds and reproductive and steroid hormones in cord blood: The Hokkaido study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:175-185. [PMID: 29753148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) irreversibly affects fetal reproductive and steroid hormone synthesis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the relationships between maternal DLCs and cord blood reproductive and steroid hormones. METHODS Participants in this study were pregnant women who enrolled in the Sapporo Cohort of the Hokkaido Study between 2002 and 2005. We quantified 29 DLCs during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters in maternal blood. Additionally, we measured the concentrations of progesterone, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, cortisone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, inhibin B, and insulin-like factor-3 (INSL3) in cord blood samples. RESULTS Data from 183 mother-child pairs were analyzed. We observed sex-dependent associations of DLCs on T/E2 ratios, DHEA, cortisol, cortisone, adrenal androgen/glucocorticoid (AA/GC: sum of DHEA and androstenedione)/(sum of cortisol and cortisone) ratios and SHBG. An increase in maternal DLCs related to decreased T/E2 ratios and SHBG and inhibin B levels, and increased AA/GC ratios and FSH and DHEA levels in male cord blood samples. However, an increase in maternal mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls related to increased cortisol, cortisone, and SHBG levels, and decreased DHEA levels and AA/GC ratios in female cord blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to DLCs alters steroidogenesis and suppresses the secretion of inhibin B in male cord blood. Relationships between maternal DLCs and cord blood hormones differ between boys and girls. Further studies are required to clarify whether the effects of in utero exposure to DLCs on adrenal hormones extend into infancy and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Tsuguhide Hori
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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19
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Hojo Y, Kawato S. Neurosteroids in Adult Hippocampus of Male and Female Rodents: Biosynthesis and Actions of Sex Steroids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:183. [PMID: 29740398 PMCID: PMC5925962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is not only the target of steroid hormones but also is able to locally synthesize steroids de novo. Evidence of the local production of steroids in the brain has been accumulating in various vertebrates, including teleost fish, amphibia, birds, rodents, non-human primates, and humans. In this review, we mainly focus on the local production of sex steroids in the hippocampal neurons of adult rodents (rats and mice), a center for learning and memory. From the data of the hippocampus of adult male rats, hippocampal principal neurons [pyramidal cells in CA1-CA3 and granule cells in dentate gyrus (DG)] have a complete system for biosynthesis of sex steroids. Liquid chromatography with tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enabled us to accurately determine the levels of hippocampal sex steroids including 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which are much higher than those in blood. Next, we review the steroid synthesis in the hippocampus of female rats, since previous knowledge had been biased toward the data from males. Recently, we clarified that the levels of hippocampal steroids fluctuate in adult female rats across the estrous cycle. Accurate determination of hippocampal steroids at each stage of the estrous cycle is of importance for providing the account for the fluctuation of female hippocampal functions, including spine density, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), and learning and memory. These functional fluctuations in female had been attributed to the level of circulation-derived steroids. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the dendritic spine density in CA1 of adult female hippocampus correlates with the levels of hippocampal progesterone and 17β-E2. Finally, we introduce the direct evidence of the role of hippocampus-synthesized steroids in hippocampal function including neurogenesis, LTP, and memory consolidation. Mild exercise (2 week of treadmill running) elevated synthesis of DHT in the hippocampus, but not in the testis, of male rats, resulting in enhancement of neurogenesis in DG. Concerning synaptic plasticity, hippocampus-synthesized E2 is required for LTP induction, whereas hippocampus-synthesized DHT is required for LTD induction. Furthermore, hippocampus-synthesized E2 is involved in memory consolidation tested by object recognition and object placement tasks, both of which are hippocampus-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasushi Hojo,
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Araki A, Miyashita C, Mitsui T, Goudarzi H, Mizutani F, Chisaki Y, Itoh S, Sasaki S, Cho K, Moriya K, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Kishi R. Prenatal organochlorine pesticide exposure and the disruption of steroids and reproductive hormones in cord blood: The Hokkaido study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 110:1-13. [PMID: 29055783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Certain organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are designated as persistent organic pollutants and are regulated in many countries. The effects of OCPs on pediatric endocrinology are a concern; however, only limited data exist from human studies on maternal OCP exposure and its effects on infants' hormone levels. This study was conducted as part of the Hokkaido Study Sapporo Cohort, a prospective birth cohort study in Japan. Participants included 514 women who enrolled at 23-35weeks of gestation between 2002 and 2005; maternal blood samples were collected in late pregnancy, and 29 OCPs were measured. Reproductive and steroid hormone levels in cord blood were also determined. Characteristics of mothers and their infants were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and medical records. Ultimately, 232 samples with both OCP and hormone data were analyzed. Fifteen of 29 investigated OCPs were detected in over 80% of the samples, with p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene showing the highest concentration (median value: 619pg/g-wet). The association between OCPs and sex hormone levels varied by sex. Linear regression models after sex stratification showed that chlordanes, cis-hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor epoxide, Mirex, and toxaphenes in maternal blood were inversely associated with testosterone, cortisol, cortisone, sex hormone-binding globin, prolactin, and androstenedione-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone-androstenediones ratios among boys. Furthermore, these OCPs were positively correlated with DHEA, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and adrenal androgen-glucocorticoid and FSH-inhibin B ratios among boys. In categorical quartile models, testosterone and DHEA were inversely and positively associated with OCPs, respectively. Estradiol-testosterone and adrenal androgen-glucocorticoid ratios tended to increase with increasing OCP concentrations in the higher quartile, while the testosterone-androstenedione ratio tended to decrease. Sex hormone-binding globulin and prolactin showed an inverse association with OCPs. Among girls, the linear regression model showed that only p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was inversely associated with the level of DHEA and the adrenal androgen-glucocorticoid ratio, but was positively associated with cortisone levels. However, no associations were observed using the quartile categorical model. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to OCPs disrupt reproductive hormones of fetuses in utero among boys, even at relatively low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Yamanashi University, 1110, Shimogato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Futoshi Mizutani
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Youichi Chisaki
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Kushiro Rosai Hospital, 13-23, Nakazono-cho, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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21
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Blokland MH, van Tricht EF, van Ginkel LA, Sterk SS. Applicability of an innovative steroid-profiling method to determine synthetic growth promoter abuse in cattle. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:265-275. [PMID: 29030156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A robust LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify a large number of phase I and phase II steroids in urine. The decision limit is for most compounds lower than 1ngml-1 with a measurement uncertainty smaller than 30%. The method is fully validated and was applied to assess the influence of administered synthetic steroids and beta-agonists on the steroidogenesis. From three animal experiments, clenbuterol, diethylstilbestrol and stanozolol, the steroid profiles in urine of bovine animals were compared before and after treatment. It was demonstrated that the steroid profiles were altered due to these treatments. A predictive multivariate model was built to identify deviations from normal population steroid profiles. The abuse of synthetic steroids can be detected in urine samples from bovine animals using this model. The samples from the animal experiments were randomly analysed using this method and predictive model. It was shown that these samples were predicted correctly in the exogenous steroids group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Blokland
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - E F van Tricht
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L A van Ginkel
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S S Sterk
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Nair SG, Patel DP, Sanyal M, Singhal P, Shrivastav PS. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for determination of plasma nomegestrol acetate and estradiol in healthy postmenopausal women. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28869284 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the simultaneous determination of nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a highly selective progestogen, and estradiol (E2), a natural estrogen in human plasma. NOMAC was obtained from plasma by solid-phase extraction, while E2 was first separated by liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether followed by derivatization with dansyl chloride. Deuterated internal standards, NOMAC-d5 and E2-d4 were used for better control of extraction conditions and ionization efficiency. The assay recovery of the analytes was within 90-99%. The analytes were separated on UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column using a mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and 3.0 mm ammonium trifluoroacetate in water (80:20, v/v) with a resolution factor (Rs ) of 3.21. The calibration curves were linear from 0.01 to 10.0 ng/mL for NOMAC and from 1.00 to 1000 pg/mL for E2, respectively. The intra- and inter-batch precision was ≤5.8% and the accuracy of quality control samples ranged from 96.7 to 103.4% for both analytes. The practical applicability of the method is demonstrated by analyzing samples from 18 healthy postmenopausal women after oral administration of 2.5 mg nomegestrol acetate and 1.5 mg estradiol film-coated tablets under fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha G Nair
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Daxesh P Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Puran Singhal
- Bioanalytical Department, Alkem Laboratories Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Wang Z, Tang S, Hattori M, Zhang H, Wu X. Simultaneous determination of paeonilactone A and paeonilactone B in rat plasma after oral administration of albiflorin by UPLC/TOF/MS following picolinoyl derivatization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:327-333. [PMID: 28783562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new highly sensitive analytical method was developed to investigate the in vivo metabolism of albiflorin, one of the most principal components in traditional Chinese medicine. After hydrolyzation with sulfatase, the main metabolites paeonilactone A and paeonilactone B of paeoniflorin in rat plasma were successfully detected for the first time by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry following picolinoyl derivatization. Borneol was used as the internal standard compound to quantify paeonilactone A and paeonilactone B in rat plasma. Paeonilactone A and paeonilactone B show different pharmacokinetic behaviors. The maximum plasma concentration of paeonilactone A reached 36.4±5.6ng/mL at about 8h after oral administration of albiflorin at a dose of 5mg/kg, while the maximum plasma concentration of paeonilactone B reached 12.4±3.4ng/mL at about 2h. The total metabolic pathway of albiflorin in rats was proposed. Albiflorin was found to be metabolized to the sulfate of paeonilactone A and paeonilactone B which may be responsible for the biological effect of albiflorin. The new analytical method may help to elucidate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese formula containing albiflorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China; Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shuhan Tang
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Harbin Children's Hospital, Youyi Road 57, Harbin, China
| | - Masao Hattori
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
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24
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New analytical method for determination of epimer metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Paeoniflorin by UPLC-TOF-MS following picolinoyl derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Whole blood microsampling for the quantitation of estetrol without derivatization by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:258-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Cohen A, Ross NW, Smith PM, Fawcett JP. Analysis of 17β-estradiol, estriol and estrone in American eel (Anguilla rostrata) tissue samples using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray differential ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:842-850. [PMID: 28295771 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 17β-Estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) are steroid hormones responsible for the regulation of the female reproductive system. Estradiol is planned to be used to feminize eels in aquaculture in order to improve their size and marketability. The residual levels of these hormones in fish tissue must be monitored to meet the requirements of food regulatory agencies. Few studies have studied these hormones in complex biological matrices such as fish tissue. METHODS We developed a method to analyze E1, E2 and E3 in fish tissue using liquid chromatography in combination with differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The mass spectrometer was operated in negative polarity selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. To test the performance of this method, residual levels of E1, E2 and E3 were measured in the muscle tissue of juvenile eels subjected to feminization treatment with E2. RESULTS We report that following 17β-estradiol treatment, E2 is rapidly metabolized from the eel tissue, with a 50% depletion rate per day. Five days post-treatment, E2 returned to the level found in non-treated controls, similar to levels found in wild mature female eels. CONCLUSIONS The method presented herein allows the quantitative analysis of E1, E2 and E3 in fish tissue samples. Under the experimental conditions, E2 in fish tissue samples returned to physiological levels post hormonal treatment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cohen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Neil W Ross
- NovaEel Inc., 2161 Armcrescent E Dr., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Paul M Smith
- NovaEel Inc., 2161 Armcrescent E Dr., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - James P Fawcett
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
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Araki A, Mitsui T, Goudarzi H, Nakajima T, Miyashita C, Itoh S, Sasaki S, Cho K, Moriya K, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Kishi R. Prenatal di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure and disruption of adrenal androgens and glucocorticoids levels in cord blood: The Hokkaido Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:297-304. [PMID: 28043700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is known for its endocrine disrupting properties. We previously demonstrated that prenatal DEHP exposure is associated with decreased progesterone levels and testosterone/estradiol ratio in the cord blood. However, evidence of the effects of prenatal DEHP exposure on adrenal androgen and glucocorticoids in infants is scarce. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the association between prenatal DEHP exposure and adrenal androgen and glucocorticoids, and to discuss its effects on steroid hormone profiles in infants. This is part of a birth cohort study: The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health, Sapporo Cohort. Among the 514 participants, 202 mother-infant pairs with available data on maternal mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), adrenal androgen (dehydroepiandrostenedione [DHEA] and androstenedione) and glucocorticoid (cortisol and cortisone) cord blood levels were included in this study. After adjusting for potential confounders, a linear regression analysis showed that maternal MEHP levels were associated with reduced cortisol and cortisone levels and glucocorticoid/adrenal androgen ratio, whereas increased DHEA levels and DHEA/androstenedione ratio. In a quartile model, when comparing the adjusted least square means in the 4th quartile of MEHP with those in the 1st quartile, cortisol and cortisone levels and glucocorticoid/adrenal androgen ratio decreased, whereas DHEA/androstenedione and cortisol/cortisone ratios increased. Significant p-value trends for cortisol and cortisone levels, cortisol/cortisone ratio, and glucocorticoid/adrenal androgen ratio were observed. In combination with the previous results of reduced progesterone levels and testosterone/estradiol ratio, prenatal exposure to DEHP altered the steroid hormone profiles of infants. Further studies investigating the long-term effects of DEHP exposure on growth, neurodevelopment, and gonad and reproductive function are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Yamanashi University, 1110, Shimogato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Kushiro Rosai Hospital, 13-23, Nakazono-cho, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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28
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Schofield RC, Mendu DR, Ramanathan LV, Pessin MS, Carlow DC. Sensitive simultaneous quantitation of testosterone and estradiol in serum by LC-MS/MS without derivatization and comparison with the CDC HoSt program. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1048:70-76. [PMID: 28222335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very sensitive measurements of serum estrogens and testosterone are important in adult and pediatric endocrinology and immunoassays are known to lack the required performance at very low levels. Our aim was to develop a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS assay for both estradiol (E2) and testosterone (Te) in serum without the need for chemical derivatization and using commercially available calibrators. METHODS Serum samples were prepared by the addition of internal standards followed by extraction using hexane:ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column and mass spectrometry was performed in both positive and negative ion modes. RESULTS The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) of E2 and Te were 5pg/mL and 1ng/dL, respectively. The analytical measurement range (AMR) for E2 was 5-600pg/mL and 1-1,170ng/dL for Te. Assay accuracy was determined both by comparison with a LC-MS/MS method performed at a national laboratory and the CDC HoSt program. Comparison with samples analyzed by both methods showed excellent correlation. Within-day (N=10) and between-day (N=20) CVs at concentrations spanning the AMR were less than 7% for both analytes. CONCLUSION We have developed an accurate and highly sensitive assay to measure E2 and Te levels in serum by HPLC-MS/MS without chemical derivatization and using commercially available calibrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Schofield
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Damodara R Mendu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Lakshmi V Ramanathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melissa S Pessin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dean C Carlow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
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29
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Goudarzi H, Araki A, Itoh S, Sasaki S, Miyashita C, Mitsui T, Nakazawa H, Nonomura K, Kishi R. The Association of Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals with Glucocorticoid and Androgenic Hormones in Cord Blood Samples: The Hokkaido Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:111-118. [PMID: 27219028 PMCID: PMC5226690 DOI: 10.1289/ehp142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) disrupt cholesterol homeostasis. All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, and steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and androgenic hormones mediate several vital physiologic functions. However, the in utero effects of PFCs exposure on the homeostasis of these steroid hormones are not well understood in humans. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)/perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and cord blood levels of glucocorticoid and androgenic hormones. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based birth cohort study between July 2002 and October 2005 in Sapporo, Japan (n = 514). In total, 185 mother-infant pairs were included in the present study. Prenatal PFOS and PFOA levels in maternal serum samples were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Cord blood levels of glucocorticoid (cortisol and cortisone) and androgenic hormones [dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione] were also measured in the same way. RESULTS We found a dose-response relationship of prenatal PFOS, but not PFOA, exposure with glucocorticoid levels after adjusting for potential confounders. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations were -23.98-ng/mL (95% CI: -0.47.12, -11.99; p for trend = 0.006) and -63.21-ng/mL (95% CI: -132.56, -26.72; p for trend < 0.001) lower, respectively, in infants with prenatal PFOS exposure in the fourth quartile compared with those in the first quartile. The highest quartile of prenatal PFOS exposure was positively associated with a 1.33-ng/mL higher DHEA level compared with the lowest quartile (95% CI: 0.17, 1.82; p for trend = 0.017), whereas PFOA showed a negative association with DHEA levels (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: -1.23 ng/mL, 95% CI: -1.72, -0.25; p for trend = 0.004). We observed no significant association between PFCs and androstenedione levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to PFCs is significantly associated with glucocorticoid and DHEA levels in cord blood. Citation: Goudarzi H, Araki A, Itoh S, Sasaki S, Miyashita C, Mitsui T, Nakazawa H, Nonomura K, Kishi R. 2017. The association of prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals with glucocorticoid and androgenic hormones in cord blood samples: the Hokkaido Study. Environ Health Perspect 125:111-118; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP142.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakazawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Address correspondence to R. Kishi, Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan. Telephone: 81 11 706 4746; 706 4725. E-mail:
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Zang T, Tamae D, Mesaros C, Wang Q, Huang M, Blair IA, Penning TM. Simultaneous quantitation of nine hydroxy-androgens and their conjugates in human serum by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:342-355. [PMID: 27531846 PMCID: PMC5146996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the fatal form of prostate cancer, remains androgen dependent despite castrate levels of circulating testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). To investigate mechanisms by which the tumor can synthesize its own androgens and develop resistance to abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, methods to measure a complete androgen profile are imperative. Here, we report the development and validation of a stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (SID-LC-ESI-MS/MS) method to quantify nine human hydroxy-androgens as picolinates, simultaneously with requisite specificity and sensitivity. In the established method, the fragmentation patterns of all nine hydroxy-androgen picolinates were identified, and [13C3]-5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol and [13C3]-5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol used as internal standards were synthesized enzymatically. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy corresponds to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Criteria for Bioanalytical Method Validation. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of nine hydroxy-androgens is 1.0pg to 2.5pg on column. Diols which have been infrequently measured: 5-androstene-3β, 17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol can be determined in serum at values as low as 1.0pg on column. The method also permits the quantitation of conjugated hydroxy-androgens following enzymatic digestion. While direct detection of steroid conjugates by electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry has advantages the detection of unconjugated and conjugated steroids would require separate methods for each set of analytes. Our method was applied to pooled serum from male and female donors to provide reference values for both unconjugated and conjugated hydroxy-androgens. This method will allow us to interrogate the involvement of the conversion of 5-androstene-3β, 17β-diol to T, the backdoor pathway involving the conversion of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol to DHT and the inactivation of DHT to 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Zang
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Daniel Tamae
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Meng Huang
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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31
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Nagata C, Konishi K, Goto Y, Tamura T, Wada K, Hayashi M, Takeda N, Yasuda K. Associations of urinary cadmium with circulating sex hormone levels in pre- and postmenopausal Japanese women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:82-87. [PMID: 27268972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to cadmium has been suspected as a risk factor for breast cancer. The present study examined the associations between urinary cadmium levels and circulating sex hormone levels that are linked to breast cancer risk in healthy women. METHODS The study subjects were 396 premenopausal Japanese women who had regular menstrual cycles less than 40 days long and 207 postmenopausal Japanese women. Urinary cadmium was measured using spot urine samples. Plasma estradiol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured. Additionally, the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured for premenopausal women. RESULTS In premenopausal women, the urinary cadmium level either expressed in μg per liter or per g of urine creatinine was significantly inversely associated with total and free testosterone levels after controlling for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, and the phase of the menstrual cycle. Total and free testosterone levels were 14.6% and 15.0% lower, respectively, in women in the highest quartile of urinary cadmium per g creatinine in those in the lowest quartile. In postmenopausal women, the urinary cadmium in μg per liter as well as per g creatinine was significantly inversely associated with the estradiol level after controlling for covariates. The estradiol level was 25.8% lower in women in the highest tertile of urinary cadmium per g creatinine than in those in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest inverse associations between urinary cadmium and the plasma estradiol or testosterone level in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Kie Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Takeda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keigo Yasuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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Moon JY, Choi MH, Kim J. Metabolic profiling of cholesterol and sex steroid hormones to monitor urological diseases. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R455-67. [PMID: 27580660 PMCID: PMC5064754 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and sex steroid hormones including androgens and estrogens play a critical role in the development and progression of urological diseases such as prostate cancer. This disease remains the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in men and is the leading cause of death from different cancers. Attempts to understand the role of cholesterol and steroid metabolism in urological diseases have been ongoing for many years, but despite this, our mechanistic and translational understanding remains elusive. In order to further evaluate the problem, we have taken an interest in metabolomics; a discipline dedicated to the systematic study of biologically active metabolites in cells, tissues, hair and biofluids. Recently, we provided evidence that a quantitative measurement of cholesterol and sex steroid metabolites can be successfully achieved using hair of human and mouse models. The overall goal of this short review article is to introduce current metabolomic technologies for the quantitative biomarker assay development and also to provide new insight into understanding the underlying mechanisms that trigger the pathological condition. Furthermore, this review will place a particular emphasis on how to prepare biospecimens (e.g., hair fiber), quantify molecular profiles and assess their clinical significance in various urological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeun Moon
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Mitsui T, Araki A, Goudarzi H, Miyashita C, Ito S, Sasaki S, Kitta T, Moriya K, Cho K, Morioka K, Kishi R, Shinohara N, Takeda M, Nonomura K. Effects of adrenal androgens during the prenatal period on the second to fourth digit ratio in school-aged children. Steroids 2016; 113:46-51. [PMID: 27343975 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between the levels of adrenal steroid hormones in cord blood and the second to fourth digit ratio (2D/4D), which is regarded as an indirect method to investigate the putative effects of prenatal exposure to androgens, in school-aged children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the 514 mother-child pairs who participated in the prospective cohort study of birth in Sapporo between 2002 and 2005, the following adrenal steroid hormone levels in 294 stored cord blood samples (135 males and 159 females) were measured; cortisol, cortisone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). A total of 190 out of 350 children who were currently school-aged and contactable for this survey sent back photocopies of their palms for 2D/4D measurements. RESULTS 2D/4D in all right hands, left hands, and mean values was significantly lower in males than in females (p<0.01). DHEA levels were significantly higher in females. A multivariate regression model showed that 2D/4D negatively correlated with DHEA in males only (p<0.01). No correlations were observed in the other adrenal steroid hormones tested in males or in any adrenal steroid hormones in females. CONCLUSION DHEA is mainly secreted in large amounts by the adrenal gland and is transformed into active sex-steroid hormones in peripheral tissues. The present study demonstrated that sex differences in digits were influenced by adrenal androgens during the prenatal period, possibly through intracrinological processes for androgen receptors located in fetal cartilaginous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan; Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeya Kitta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keita Morioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
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Wang Q, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Ultra-high sensitivity analysis of estrogens for special populations in serum and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Assay considerations and suggested practices. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 162:70-9. [PMID: 26767303 PMCID: PMC4931956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen measurements play an important role in the clinical evaluation of many endocrine disorders as well as in research on the role of hormones in human biology and disease. It remains an analytical challenge to quantify estrogens and their metabolites in specimens from special populations including older men, children, postmenopausal women and women receiving aromatase inhibitors. Historically, immunoassays have been used for measuring estrogens and their metabolites in biological samples for risk assessment. However, the lack of specificity and accuracy of immunoassay-based methods has caused significant problems when interpreting data generated from epidemiological studies and across different laboratories. Stable isotope dilution (SID) methodology coupled with liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-SRM/MS) is now accepted as the 'gold-standard' to quantify estrogens and their metabolites in serum and plasma due to improved specificity, high accuracy, and the ability to monitor multiple estrogens when compared with immunoassays. Ultra-high sensitivity can be obtained with pre-ionized derivatives when using triple quadruple mass spectrometers in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode coupled with nanoflow LC. In this review, we have examined the special issues related to utilizing ultra-high sensitivity SID LC-SRM/MS-based methodology to accurately quantify estrogens and their metabolites in the serum and plasma from populations with low estrogen levels. The major issues that are discussed include: sample preparation for both unconjugated and conjugated estrogens, derivatization, chromatographic separation, matrix effects, and assay validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Higashi T, Ogawa S. Chemical derivatization for enhancing sensitivity during LC/ESI-MS/MS quantification of steroids in biological samples: a review. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 162:57-69. [PMID: 26454158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific methods for the detection, characterization and quantification of endogenous steroids in body fluids or tissues are necessary for the diagnosis, pathological analysis and treatment of many diseases. Recently, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) has been widely used for these purposes due to its specificity and versatility. However, the ESI efficiency and fragmentation behavior of some steroids are poor, which lead to a low sensitivity. Chemical derivatization is one of the most effective methods to improve the detection characteristics of steroids in ESI-MS/MS. Based on this background, this article reviews the recent advances in chemical derivatization for the trace quantification of steroids in biological samples by LC/ESI-MS/MS. The derivatization in ESI-MS/MS is based on tagging a proton-affinitive or permanently charged moiety on the target steroid. Introduction/formation of a fragmentable moiety suitable for the selected reaction monitoring by the derivatization also enhances the sensitivity. The stable isotope-coded derivatization procedures for the steroid analysis are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Shoujiro Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Khedr A, Alahdal AM. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of ten estrogen metabolites at sub-picogram levels in breast cancer women. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1031:181-188. [PMID: 27497156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of estrogens at sub-picogram levels is essential for research on breast cancer and postmenopausal plasma. Heretofore, these concentration levels have rarely been achieved. However, it is possible through derivatization but still represent problems for monitoring catechol estrogens and 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OH-E1). Estrogens possess poor ionization efficiency in MS/MS, which results in insufficient sensitivity for analyzing samples at trace concentrations. The method presented here was used to extract ten estrogen metabolites (EMs) with a derivatization step involving a new adduct. The electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS sensitivity for the EMs was enhanced by derivatization with 3-bromomethyl-propyphenazone (BMP). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of the EMs were 12-100 femtogram on-column, equivalent to 0.3-3.6pg/mL plasma, and the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.1-0.8pg/mL plasma. The percentage coefficient of variation (CV%) at the LLOQ was <20 for all investigated EMs. Ionization suppression was minimized by reacting the excess reagent, BMP, with methanol. The method was successfully applied for the determination of ten EMs in the plasma of fifty healthy postmenopausal and fifty ductal breast cancer women aged 47-65 years old. 16α-OH-E1 and three catechol estrogen metabolites, 4-OH-E1, 2-OH-E2 and 4-OH-E2, were successfully measured in the plasma of healthy and breast cancer women. The methyl-propyphenazone-EM derivatives exhibited better sensitivity in ESI-MS (7.5-fold) compared to the commonly used dansylation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman M Alahdal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Keski-Rahkonen P, Desai R, Jimenez M, Harwood DT, Handelsman DJ. Measurement of Estradiol in Human Serum by LC-MS/MS Using a Novel Estrogen-Specific Derivatization Reagent. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7180-6. [PMID: 26090565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method is described that employs a novel derivatization reagent for the measurement of serum estradiol (E2), with simultaneous analysis of underivatized testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The main advantage of the new derivatization reagent 1,2-dimethylimidazole-5-sulfonyl chloride is its analyte-specific fragmentation that enables monitoring of confirmatory mass transitions with high sensitivity. The reaction mixture can be analyzed without additional purification steps using a 9.5 min gradient run, and sensitive detection is achieved with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using atmospheric pressure photoionization. Method validation was performed with human serum samples, including a comparison with a standard LC-MS/MS method using 120 samples from a clinical study, and analysis of certified E2 serum reference materials BCR-576, BCR-577, and BCR-578. The lower limits of quantification for E2, T, and DHT were 0.5 pg/mL, 25 pg/mL, and 0.10 ng/mL, respectively, from a 200-μL sample. Validation results indicated good accuracy and agreement with established, conventional LC-MS/MS assays, demonstrating suitability for analysis of samples containing E2 in the low pg/mL range, such as serum from men, children, and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- †ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Reena Desai
- †ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Mark Jimenez
- †ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - D Tim Harwood
- †ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- †ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
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Abstract
Estrogen metabolites are important biomarkers to evaluate cancer risks and metabolic diseases. Due to their low physiological levels, a sensitive and accurate method is required, especially for the quantitation of unconjugated forms of endogenous steroids and their metabolites in humans. Here, we evaluated various derivatives of estrogens for improved analysis by orbitrap LC/MS in human serum samples. A new chemical derivatization reagent was applied modifying phenolic steroids to form 1-methylimidazole-2-sulfonyl adducts. The method significantly improves the sensitivity 2-100 fold by full scan MS and targeted selected ion monitoring MS over other derivatization methods including, dansyl, picolinoyl, and pyridine-3-sulfonyl products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingnan Li
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Adrian A Franke
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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Wang Q, Bottalico L, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Analysis of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal serum and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Steroids 2015; 99:76-83. [PMID: 25150018 PMCID: PMC4336238 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry-based methodology has evolved to the point where accurate analyses of trace levels of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal serum and plasma can be accomplished with high precision and accuracy. A suite of derivatization procedures has been developed, which together with modern mass spectrometry instrumentation provide investigators with robust and sensitive methodology. Pre-ionized derivatives are proving to be useful as they are not subject to suppression of the electrospray signal. Postmenopausal women with elevated plasma or serum estrogens are thought to be at increased risk for breast and endometrial cancer. Therefore, significant advances in risk assessment should be possible now that reliable methodology is available. It is also possible to conduct analyses of multiple estrogens in plasma or serum. Laboratories that are currently employing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology can now readily implement this strategy. This will help conserve important plasma and serum samples available in Biobanks, as it will be possible to conduct high sensitivity analyses using low initial sample volumes. Reported levels of both conjugated and non-conjugated estrogen metabolites are close to the limits of sensitivity of many assays to date, urging caution in the interpretation of these low values. The analysis of serum androgen precursors in postmenopausal women has not been conducted routinely in the past using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology. Integration of serum androgen levels into the panel of metabolites analyzed could provide additional information for assessing cancer risk and should be included in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lisa Bottalico
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA.
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Bertin J, Dury AY, Ke Y, Ouellet J, Labrie F. Accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry simultaneous assay of seven steroids in monkey brain. Steroids 2015; 98:37-48. [PMID: 25697058 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following its secretion mainly by the adrenal glands, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) acts primarily in the cells/tissues which express the enzymes catalyzing its intracellular conversion into sex steroids by the mechanisms of intracrinology. Although reliable assays of endogenous serum steroids are now available using mass spectrometry (MS)-based technology, sample preparation from tissue matrices remains a challenge. This is especially the case with high lipid-containing tissues such as the brain. With the combination of a UPLC system with a sensitive tandem MS, it is now possible to measure endogenous unconjugated steroids in monkey brain tissue. METHODS A Shimadzu UPLC LC-30AD system coupled to a tandem MS AB Sciex Qtrap 6500 system was used. RESULTS The lower limits of quantifications are achieved at 250 pg/mL for DHEA, 200 pg/mL for 5-androstenediol (5-diol), 12 pg/mL for androstenedione (4-dione), 50 pg/mL for testosterone (Testo), 10 pg/mL for dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 4 pg/mL for estrone (E1) and 1 pg/mL for estradiol (E2). The linearity and accuracy of quality controls (QCs) and endogenous quality controls (EndoQCs) are according to the guidelines of the regulatory agencies for all seven compounds. CONCLUSION We describe a highly sensitive, specific and robust LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous measurement of seven unconjugated steroids in monkey brain tissue. The single and small amount of sample required using a relatively simple preparation method should be useful for steroid assays in various peripheral tissues and thus help analysis of the role of locally-made sex steroids in the regulation of specific physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bertin
- EndoCeutics Inc., 2795 Laurier Blvd, Suite 500, Quebec City, QC G1V 4M7, Canada
| | - Alain Y Dury
- EndoCeutics Inc., 2795 Laurier Blvd, Suite 500, Quebec City, QC G1V 4M7, Canada
| | - Yuyong Ke
- EndoCeutics Inc., 2795 Laurier Blvd, Suite 500, Quebec City, QC G1V 4M7, Canada
| | - Johanne Ouellet
- EndoCeutics Inc., 2795 Laurier Blvd, Suite 500, Quebec City, QC G1V 4M7, Canada
| | - Fernand Labrie
- EndoCeutics Inc., 2795 Laurier Blvd, Suite 500, Quebec City, QC G1V 4M7, Canada.
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Kim J, Abdulwahab S, Choi K, Lafrenière NM, Mudrik JM, Gomaa H, Ahmado H, Behan LA, Casper RF, Wheeler AR. A Microfluidic Technique for Quantification of Steroids in Core Needle Biopsies. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4688-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5043297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sara Abdulwahab
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre
for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Nelson M. Lafrenière
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jared M. Mudrik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hala Gomaa
- Samuel Lunenfeld
Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Hend Ahmado
- Samuel Lunenfeld
Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Lucy-Ann Behan
- Samuel Lunenfeld
Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Robert F. Casper
- Samuel Lunenfeld
Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre
for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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Wang Q, Rangiah K, Mesaros C, Snyder NW, Vachani A, Song H, Blair IA. Ultrasensitive quantification of serum estrogens in postmenopausal women and older men by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2015; 96:140-52. [PMID: 25637677 PMCID: PMC4369926 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for multiplexed quantitative analysis of six unconjugated and conjugated estrogens in human serum. The quantification utilized a new derivatization procedure, which formed analytes as pre-ionized N-methyl pyridinium-3-sulfonyl (NMPS) derivatives. This method required only 0.1mL of human serum, yet was capable of simultaneously quantifying six estrogens within 20min. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for estradiol (E2), 16α-hydroxy (OH)-E2, 4-methoxy (MeO)-E2 and 2-MeO-E2 was 1fg on column, and was 10fg on column for 4-OH-E2 and 2-OH-E2. All analytes demonstrated a linear response from 0.5 to 200pg/mL (5-2000pg/mL for 4-OH-E2 and 2-OH-E2). Using this validated method, the estrogen levels in human serum samples from 20 female patients and 20 male patients were analyzed and compared. The levels found for unconjugated serum E2 from postmenopausal women (mean 2.7pg/mL) were very similar to those obtained by highly sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methodology. However, the level obtained in serum from older men (mean 9.5pg/mL) was lower than has been reported previously by both GC-MS and LC-MS procedures. The total (unconjugated+conjugated) 4-MeO-E2 levels were significantly higher in female samples compared with males (p<0.05). The enhanced sensitivity offered by the present method will allow for a more specific analysis of estrogens and their metabolites. Our observations might suggest that the level of total 4-MeO-E2 could be a potential biomarker for breast cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kannan Rangiah
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; NCBS, Center for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore, India
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Anil Vachani
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Haifeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Mitsui T, Araki A, Imai A, Sato S, Miyashita C, Ito S, Sasaki S, Kitta T, Moriya K, Cho K, Morioka K, Kishi R, Nonomura K. Effects of prenatal Leydig cell function on the ratio of the second to fourth digit lengths in school-aged children. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120636. [PMID: 25746668 PMCID: PMC4352042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal sex hormones can induce abnormalities in the reproductive system and adversely impact on genital development. We investigated whether sex hormones in cord blood influenced the ratio of the second to fourth digit lengths (2D/4D) in school-aged children. Of the 514 children who participated in a prospective cohort study on birth in Sapporo between 2002 and 2005, the following sex hormone levels were measured in 294 stored cord blood samples (135 boys and 159 girls); testosterone (T), estradiol (E), progesterone, LH, FSH, inhibin B, and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3). A total of 350 children, who were of school age and could be contacted for this survey, were then requested via mail to send black-and-white photocopies of the palms of both the left and right hands. 2D/4D was calculated in 190 children (88 boys and 102 girls) using photocopies and derived from participants with the characteristics of older mothers, a higher annual household income, higher educational level, and fewer smokers among family members. 2D/4D was significantly lower in males than in females (p<0.01). In the 294 stored cord blood samples, T, T/E, LH, FSH, Inhibin B, and INSL3 levels were significantly higher in samples collected from males than those from females. A multivariate regression model revealed that 2D/4D negatively correlated with INSL3 in males and was significantly higher in males with <0.32 ng/mL of INSL3 (p<0.01). No correlations were observed between other hormones and 2D/4D. In conclusion, 2D/4D in school-aged children, which was significantly lower in males than in females, was affected by prenatal Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayako Imai
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sato
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeya Kitta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keita Morioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Beinhauer J, Bian L, Fan H, Šebela M, Kukula M, Barrera JA, Schug KA. Bulk derivatization and cation exchange restricted access media-based trap-and-elute liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for determination of trace estrogens in serum. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 858:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Araki A, Mitsui T, Miyashita C, Nakajima T, Naito H, Ito S, Sasaki S, Cho K, Ikeno T, Nonomura K, Kishi R. Association between maternal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and reproductive hormone levels in fetal blood: the Hokkaido study on environment and children's health. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109039. [PMID: 25296284 PMCID: PMC4189794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure can produce reproductive toxicity in animal models. Only limited data exist from human studies on maternal DEHP exposure and its effects on infants. We aimed to examine the associations between DEHP exposure in utero and reproductive hormone levels in cord blood. Between 2002 and 2005, 514 pregnant women agreed to participate in the Hokkaido Study Sapporo Cohort. Maternal blood samples were taken from 23-35 weeks of gestation and the concentration of the primary metabolite of DEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), was measured. Concentrations of infant reproductive hormones including estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), and progesterone (P4), inhibin B, insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3), steroid hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were measured from cord blood. Two hundred and two samples with both MEHP and hormones' data were included in statistical analysis. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding information on maternal characteristics. Gestational age, birth weight and infant sex were obtained from birth records. In an adjusted linear regression analysis fit to all study participants, maternal MEHP levels were found to be associated with reduced levels of T/E2, P4, and inhibin B. For the stratified analyses for sex, inverse associations between maternal MEHP levels T/E2, P4, inhibin B, and INSL3 were statistically significant for males only. In addition, the MEHP quartile model showed a significant p-value trend for P4, inhibin B, and INSL3 decrease in males. Since inhibin B and INSL3 are major secretory products of Sertoli and Leydig cell, respectively, the results of this study suggest that DEHP exposure in utero may have adverse effects on both Sertoli and Leydig cell development in males, which agrees with the results obtained from animal studies. Comprehensive studies investigating phthalates' exposure in humans, as well as their long-term effects on reproductive development are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisao Naito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tamiko Ikeno
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Papouskova B, Fan H, Lemr K, Schug KA. Aspects of trapping efficiency and matrix effects in the development of a restricted-access-media-based trap-and-elute liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2192-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, RCPTM; Palacky University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Karel Lemr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, RCPTM; Palacky University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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Takasawa K, Ono M, Hijikata A, Matsubara Y, Katsumata N, Takagi M, Morio T, Ohara O, Kashimada K, Mizutani S. Two novel HSD3B2 missense mutations with diverse residual enzymatic activities for Δ5-steroids. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:782-9. [PMID: 24372086 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Classical 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) deficiency (3β-HSDD) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the HSD3B2 gene encoding type II 3β-HSD, which has a key role in steroid biosynthesis, converting Δ5-steroids to Δ4-steroids in adrenal glands and gonads. PATIENT A patient (46, XX) was found to have elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) [203 nmol/l (normal range: 2·94 ± 0·9 nmol/l)] by newborn screening. Endocrinological examination revealed dramatically increased Δ5-steroids [e.g. 17-OH pregnenolone: 910 nmol/l (normal range: 12·6 ± 10·5 nmol/l)]. The patient had virilization of external genitalia with labial fusion, suggesting classical 3β-HSDD. METHODS AND RESULTS Consistent with the endocrinological data, the patient was a compound heterozygote for two novel missense mutations (p.Y190C and p.S218P) that were identified in HSD3B2. Both Y190 and S218 are conserved among mammals. The mutant proteins had severely impaired residual enzymatic activity in vitro, although both mutants retained higher activity for 17-OH pregnenolone than for the other Δ5-steroids. In a three-dimensional model of the enzyme based on the known structures of similar proteins, both mutations were located extremely close to the predicted substrate-binding pocket. This suggests that the mutations can cause a local conformational change in the substrate-binding pocket, leading to alterations of the binding affinities for Δ5-steroids. CONCLUSIONS We identified two novel missense mutations of HSD3B2 that resulted in unbalanced residual enzymatic activities for Δ5-steroids. As a potential novel mechanism, we propose that the mutations, which differently affect the activity towards different substrates, the effects of these mutations provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of 3β-HSDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun XL, Kido T, Okamoto R, Manh HD, Maruzeni S, Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Honma S, Nakano T, Takasuga T, Nhu DD, Hung NN, Son LK. Relationship between dioxin and steroid hormones in sera of Vietnamese men. Biomarkers 2014; 19:236-40. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.899626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liang Sun
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Teruniko Kido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
KanazawaJapan
| | - Rie Okamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
KanazawaJapan
| | - Ho Dung Manh
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Shoko Maruzeni
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
KanazawaJapan
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
KanazawaJapan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
KanazawaJapan
| | | | - Takeshi Nakano
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University
OsakaJapan
| | | | - Dang Duc Nhu
- 10–80 Division, Hanoi Medical University
HanoiVietnam
| | | | - Le Ke Son
- Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
HanoiVietnam
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Kido T, Dao TV, Ho MD, Duc Dang N, Pham NT, Okamoto R, Pham TT, Maruzeni S, Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Honma S, Le SK, Nguyen HN. High cortisol and cortisone levels are associated with breast milk dioxin concentrations in Vietnamese women. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:131-9. [PMID: 24123093 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dioxin (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins+polychlorinated dibenzofurans) is one of the most toxic chemical substances known. Although it is suspected to cause endocrine disruption, very few epidemiological studies have been carried out on its effects on human steroid hormones. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of dioxin exposure with steroid hormone levels in the saliva and serum of Vietnamese women. STUDY DESIGN Two areas, namely Phu Cat (hot spot) and Kim Bang (nonexposed area), were selected for the study. The study subjects consisted of 51 and 58 women respectively. Saliva, blood, and breast milk samples were collected from the subjects in both the areas. METHODS Cortisol, cortisone, DHEA, androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol levels in serum and saliva were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; dioxin concentrations in breast milk were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Dioxin concentrations in the breast milk of women from the dioxin hot spot were three to four times higher than those in the breast milk of women from the nonexposed area. Good correlations were found between the levels of six steroid hormones in saliva and those in serum respectively. Salivary and serum cortisol and cortisone levels in women from the dioxin hot spot were significantly higher than those in women from the nonexposed area (P<0.001) and those in all the subjects were positively associated with dioxin concentrations in Vietnamese women (P<0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that dioxin influences steroidogenesis in humans. Saliva samples can be used for hormone analysis and are therefore excellent specimens in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Wang Z, Wang S, Sun Y, Wang H, Chen G, Wang X, Hattori M, Zhang H. New analytical method for the study of the metabolism of gentiopicroside in rats after oral administration by LC-TOF-MS following picolinoyl derivatization. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:237-43. [PMID: 24376019 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of gentiopicroside (GPS) in vivo was studied for the first time by LC-MS following picolinoyl derivatization. Incubation of erythrocentaurin, one of the main in vitro metabolites of GPS by intestinal bacteria, with liver microsome indicated that GPS might be metabolized to a final metabolite 3,4-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)isochroman-1-one (HMIO) in vivo. After hydrolysis with sulfatase, HMIO was successfully detected in rat plasma after oral administration of GPS by LC-MS following picolinoyl derivatization. 4-Methoxyphenyl methanol was used as an internal standard to quantify HMIO in rat plasma. A metabolic pathway of GPS in rats is proposed. The monoterpene compound GPS was found to be metabolized to dihydroisocoumarin, which may be responsible for the pharmacological effect of GPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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