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Feretzakis G, Juliebø-Jones P, Tsaturyan A, Sener TE, Verykios VS, Karapiperis D, Bellos T, Katsimperis S, Angelopoulos P, Varkarakis I, Skolarikos A, Somani B, Tzelves L. Emerging Trends in AI and Radiomics for Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate Cancer: A Critical Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:810. [PMID: 38398201 PMCID: PMC10886599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review critically examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers. These cutting-edge technologies are revolutionizing the landscape of cancer care, enhancing both precision and personalization in medical treatments. Our review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest advancements in AI and radiomics, with a specific focus on their roles in urological oncology. We discuss how AI and radiomics have notably improved the accuracy of diagnosis and staging in bladder cancer, especially through advanced imaging techniques like multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and CT scans. These tools are pivotal in assessing muscle invasiveness and pathological grades, critical elements in formulating treatment plans. In the realm of kidney cancer, AI and radiomics aid in distinguishing between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes and grades. The integration of radiogenomics offers a comprehensive view of disease biology, leading to tailored therapeutic approaches. Prostate cancer diagnosis and management have also seen substantial benefits from these technologies. AI-enhanced MRI has significantly improved tumor detection and localization, thereby aiding in more effective treatment planning. The review also addresses the challenges in integrating AI and radiomics into clinical practice, such as the need for standardization, ensuring data quality, and overcoming the "black box" nature of AI. We emphasize the importance of multicentric collaborations and extensive studies to enhance the applicability and generalizability of these technologies in diverse clinical settings. In conclusion, AI and radiomics represent a major paradigm shift in oncology, offering more precise, personalized, and patient-centric approaches to cancer care. While their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes, and our understanding of cancer biology is profound, challenges in clinical integration and application persist. We advocate for continued research and development in AI and radiomics, underscoring the need to address existing limitations to fully leverage their capabilities in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Feretzakis
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece; (G.F.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Patrick Juliebø-Jones
- Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical, Medicine University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists, Urolithiasis Group, NL-6803 Arnhem, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (T.E.S.)
| | - Arman Tsaturyan
- European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists, Urolithiasis Group, NL-6803 Arnhem, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Urology, Erebouni Medical Center, Yerevan 0087, Armenia
| | - Tarik Emre Sener
- European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists, Urolithiasis Group, NL-6803 Arnhem, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Urology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Vassilios S. Verykios
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece; (G.F.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Karapiperis
- School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Themistoklis Bellos
- Second Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (S.K.); (P.A.); (I.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Stamatios Katsimperis
- Second Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (S.K.); (P.A.); (I.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Angelopoulos
- Second Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (S.K.); (P.A.); (I.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Ioannis Varkarakis
- Second Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (S.K.); (P.A.); (I.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Skolarikos
- Second Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (S.K.); (P.A.); (I.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Bhaskar Somani
- Department of Urology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Lazaros Tzelves
- European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists, Urolithiasis Group, NL-6803 Arnhem, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (T.E.S.)
- Second Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (S.K.); (P.A.); (I.V.); (A.S.)
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Zhang H, Hu C, Zhang Z, Li P, Shen G, Sun J. Two-sample Mendelian randomization study reveals no causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and urological cancers. Front Genet 2023; 14:1275247. [PMID: 38188502 PMCID: PMC10771298 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1275247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and urological cancers has been identified in epidemiological and observational studies, while the causality remains uncertain. We examined whether IBD is causally associated with urological cancers in a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: The causal relationship between IBD, its main subtypes, and urological cancers was investigated using genome-wide association study data. To obtain more reliable conclusions, all outcomes were divided into training and validation sets. Eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as instrumental variables based on MR analysis assumptions. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was employed as the main method along with four other complementary methods. Results: In this two-sample MR study, no genetic evidence for the causal effect of IBD on urological cancers was found in either the training or validation sets using the IVW method. Similarly, we did not observe any significant association between Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and urological cancers. The results of the other methods are in accordance with those obtained using the IVW method. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that IBD is not a causal genetic risk factor for urological cancer in a European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Sun
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Bai YK, Sun J, Wang YS, Zheng N, Xu QL, Wang Y. The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of EZH2 expression in urological cancers: A meta‑analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:315. [PMID: 37346412 PMCID: PMC10280112 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila zeste enhancer homolog 2 gene (enhancer of zeste homolog 2; EZH2) is an important member of the polycomb group (PcG) gene family, which maintains the homologous gene via chromosome modification during embryonic development. EZH2 is overexpressed in various tumors, is closely related to tumor formation and growth, and has a malignant phenotype that promotes tumor cell proliferation, proliferation and metastasis. In the present study, a meta- and bioinformatic analysis was performed using data from multiple online databases until August 30, 2022. EZH2 upregulation was found in kidney, bladder and prostate cancers. EZH2 expression was negatively related to TNM staging and pathological grade in kidney and prostate cancers (P<0.05), as well as invasion depth and pathological grade in bladder cancer. According to the KM-plotter database, EZH2 expression was inversely associated with poor overall survival in patients with kidney clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and papillary RCC and with favorable survival in bladder cancer. EZH2 expression was negatively related to relapse-free survival in kidney papillary RCC and bladder cancer but positively associated with kidney clear cell RCC. According to GEPIA and UALCAN databases, EZH2 expression was higher in tumor tissue than normal tissue. The TIMER database showed that EZH2 was closely associated with the proportion of seven immune cell infiltrates in kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers. High EZH2 expression may be a potential marker of tumorigenesis and metastasis in patients with urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kai Bai
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Song Wang
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
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Aveta A, Cilio S, Contieri R, Spena G, Napolitano L, Manfredi C, Franco A, Crocerossa F, Cerrato C, Ferro M, Del Giudice F, Verze P, Lasorsa F, Salonia A, Nair R, Walz J, Lucarelli G, Pandolfo SD. Urinary MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Urological Cancers: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10846. [PMID: 37446024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancers due to their inherent stability and resilience. To summarize the evidence regarding the role of urinary miRNAs (umiRNAs) in the detection, prognosis, and therapy of genitourinary cancers, we performed a systematic review of the most important scientific databases using the following keywords: (urinary miRNA) AND (prostate cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (bladder cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (renal cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (testicular cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (urothelial cancer). Of all, 1364 articles were screened. Only original studies in the English language on human specimens were considered for inclusion in our systematic review. Thus, a convenient sample of 60 original articles was identified. UmiRNAs are up- or downregulated in prostate cancer and may serve as potential non-invasive molecular biomarkers. Several umiRNAs have been identified as diagnostic biomarkers of urothelial carcinoma and bladder cancer (BC), allowing us to discriminate malignant from nonmalignant forms of hematuria. UmiRNAs could serve as therapeutic targets or recurrence markers of non-muscle-invasive BC and could predict the aggressivity and prognosis of muscle-invasive BC. In renal cell carcinoma, miRNAs have been identified as predictors of tumor detection, aggressiveness, and progression to metastasis. UmiRNAs could play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Aveta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, 13055 Marseille, France
| | - Simone Cilio
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Contieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spena
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Crocerossa
- Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Clara Cerrato
- Urology Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Verze
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rajesh Nair
- The Urology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jochen Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, 13055 Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Fisciano, Italy
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Wu Q, Ye F. Prognostic impact of geriatric nutritional risk index on patients with urological cancers: A meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1077792. [PMID: 36713504 PMCID: PMC9875083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1077792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite previous research examining the predictive value of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in individuals with urological cancers (UCs), results have been conflicting. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the potential link between GNRI and the prognosis of UCs using a meta-analysis. Methods The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically and exhaustively searched. We estimated the prognostic importance of the GNRI in patients with UCs by calculating the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on survival outcomes. Publication bias was identified using Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. Results Eight trials with 6,792 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Patients with UCs who had a lower GNRI before treatment had a higher risk of experiencing worse overall survival (HR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.69-4.09, p < 0.001), recurrence-free survival/progression-free survival (HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.51-2.08, p < 0.001), and cancer-specific survival (HR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.28-4.20, p = 0.006). Moreover, the subgroup analysis did not change the predictive significance of the GNRI in individuals with UCs. Neither Egger's nor Begg's test indicated substantial bias in this analysis. Conclusion As a result of our meta-analysis, we found that a low GNRI strongly predicts poor prognosis for patients with UCs. A lower pretreatment GNRI indicates poor survival outcomes in UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fagen Ye
- Department of Urology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Fagen Ye,
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Borgeaud M, Courtes MG, Tsantoulis P, Bodmer A, Labidi-Galy I, Koessler T. Immunotherapy in Urological, Gynecological and Gastrointestinal Cancers - Current Landscape. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2023; 112:149-155. [PMID: 36855887 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming increasingly important in the management of urological, gynecological, and gastrointestinal cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations have become a standard of care for patients with metastatic renal and liver cancers, as well as for many patients with bladder, cervical, gastric, and esophageal cancers, based on various biomarkers. Some tumor types are less responsive to immunotherapy, such as prostate and colon cancer. In these tumors, however, a subgroup of patients with a microsatellite-instability-high/DNA-mismatch repair deficient molecular phenotype significantly benefits from immunotherapy. Molecular characterization is therefore essential to identify patients who may benefit from these treatments. One of the major challenges is the search for new predictive biomarkers and novel combinations or strategies to further improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Borgeaud
- Service d'oncologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Co-first authors
| | | | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Service d'oncologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Bodmer
- Service d'oncologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thibaud Koessler
- Service d'oncologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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Takahara K, Miyatake SI, Azuma H, Shiroki R. Boron neutron capture therapy for urological cancers. Int J Urol 2022; 29:610-616. [PMID: 35240726 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy is based on a nuclear reaction between the nonradioactive isotope boron-10 and either low-energy thermal neutrons or high-energy epithermal neutrons, which generate high linear energy transfer α particles and a recoiled lithium nucleus (7 Li) that selectively destroys the DNA helix in tumor cells. Boron neutron capture therapy is an emerging procedure aimed at improving the therapeutic ratio for the traditional treatment of various malignancies, which has been studied clinically in a variety of diseases, including glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, cutaneous melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and extramammary Paget's disease. However, boron neutron capture therapy has not been clinically performed for urological cancers, excluding genital extramammary Paget's disease that appeared at the scrotum to penis area. In this review, we aimed to provide an updated summary of the current clinical literature of patients treated with boron neutron capture therapy and to focus on the future prospects of boron neutron capture therapy for urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takahara
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyatake
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
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Markuszewski M, Buszewska-Forajta M, Artymowicz M, Połom W, Roslan M, Markuszewski M. Binding indocyanine green to human serum albumin potentially enhances the detection of sentinel lymph nodes. An initial step for facilitating the detection of first-station nodes in penile and other urological cancers. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:719-725. [PMID: 35591825 PMCID: PMC9102538 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical oncology strives to remove the primary cancer tumor together with its local lymphatic tissue. One of the techniques improving the staging of lymph nodes is sentinel node biopsy. The most common agent used in SNB is indocyanine green (ICG). Indocyanine green is characterized by its high affinity for human serum albumin (HSA). In practice, the visualization of the sentinel node is enhanced by attaching a relatively large carrier to the ICG molecule. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the covalent linking of ICG to a nanocolloid would extend the time of detection of the dye as it binds to HSA, assessed by fluorescence measurements in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The influence of the molar concentration of ICG on its ability to form a complex with HSA was investigated. The dye luminescence was measured, with an increasing amount of dye in the presence of a constant concentration of HSA. The stability of the ICG:HSA complex was also investigated. RESULTS The binding of ICG and human protein in a solution ratio of 3 : 1 made it possible to detect the ICG luminescence with better and prolonged visibility. In the case of the two lowest ratios, complex formation was not observed. The use of ICG bound to a nanocolloid based on human serum albumin increases the luminescence of the HSA : ICG complex up to 98%. CONCLUSIONS Properly selected proportions of human albumin protein and ICH allowed higher and longer luminescence to be achieved. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to establish the optimal concentration ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Markuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Buszewska-Forajta
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Artymowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Połom
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Roslan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Wang S, Ying Y, Ma X, Wang W, Wang X, Xie L. Diverse Roles and Therapeutic Potentials of Circular RNAs in Urological Cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:761698. [PMID: 34869591 PMCID: PMC8640215 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.761698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs, which are mainly formed as a loop structure at the exons caused by noncanonical splicing; they are much more stable than linear transcripts; recent reports have suggested that the dysregulation of circRNAs is associated with the occurrence and development of diseases, especially various human malignancies. Emerging evidence demonstrated that a large number of circRNAs play a vital role in a series of biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation, migration, drug resistance, and immune escape. Additionally, circRNAs were also reported to be potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in cancers. In this work, we systematically summarize the biogenesis and characteristics of circRNAs, paying special attention to potential mechanisms and clinical applications of circRNAs in urological cancers, which may help develop potential therapy targets for urological cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyou Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tse RTH, Zhao H, Wong CYP, Chiu PKF, Teoh JYC, Ng CF. Current status of organoid culture in urological malignancy. Int J Urol 2021; 29:102-113. [PMID: 34643976 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Urological cancers are common malignancies worldwide. Several conventional models, for example, two-dimensional cell culture and animal models have been used for decades to study tumor genetics. Nonetheless, these methods have limitations in reflecting the real tumor microenvironment in vivo, thereby hindering the development of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Recently, three-dimensional culture models have gained attention because they can overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods. Above all, three-dimensional organoid models are able to mimic the tumor microenvironment in human bodies more closely as they are able to demonstrate the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. This type of model has therefore extended our understanding of urological cancers. Tumor cells in organoid models can also be co-cultured with other cellular components, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes, and allow further understanding of the effect of tumor microenvironments on tumor growth. Furthermore, organoid models allow a prolonged culturing period, therefore, tumor evolution, progression and maintenance can also be assessed. Organoid models can be derived from each specific patient, and this facilitates investigation of individual cancer-specific mutations and their subtypes. As a result, the development of personalized medication targeting the signaling pathways or biomolecules of interest will be possible. In the present review, we summarize the development and applications of three-dimensional organoid cultures in urological cancers, mainly focusing on prostate, urinary bladder and kidney cancers, and assess the future prospects of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tsz-Hei Tse
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongda Zhao
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christine Yim-Ping Wong
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Zhang J, Zhang C, Jiang H, Jiang H, Yuan Y. Molecular Characterization and Clinical Relevance of Lysine Acetylation Regulators in Urological Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:647221. [PMID: 34136387 PMCID: PMC8202406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.647221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysine acetylation and deacetylation are posttranslational modifications that are able to link extracellular signals to intracellular responses. However, knowledge regarding the status of lysine regulators in urological cancers is still unknown. Methods We first systematically analyzed the genetic and expression alterations of 31 lysine acetylation regulators in urological cancers. The correlation between lysine acetylation regulators and activation of cancer pathways was explored. The clinical relevance of lysine acetylation regulators was further analyzed. Results We identified that there are widespread genetic alterations of lysine acetylation regulators, and that their expression levels are significantly associated with the activity of cancer hallmark-related pathways. Moreover, lysine acetylation regulators were found to be potentially useful for prognostic stratification. HDAC11 may act as a potential oncogene in cell cycle and oxidative phosphorylation of urological cancers. Conclusion Lysine acetylation regulators are involved in tumorigenesis and progression. Our results provide a valuable resource that will guide both mechanistic and therapeutic analyses of the role of lysine acetylation regulators in urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunning Zhang
- The First Tumor Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Huali Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hualong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Gajdács M. The Importance of Reporting Clinical and Epidemiological Data in Urology: Local Experiences and Insights from the International Literature. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56:E581. [PMID: 33143077 PMCID: PMC7693886 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies of the genito-urinary tract are responsible for a considerable disease burden worldwide, leading to significant losses of income, lost working days, increased expenditures for national healthcare systems, and decreased quality of life (QoL) in the affected patients. Among these diseases, infections and malignancies in this anatomical region are some of the most important illnesses in human medicine; nevertheless, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), erectile dysfunction, hypospadias, urinary incontinence, and vesicoureteral reflux are also relevant disorders affecting millions. The publication of various microbiological and clinical studies in urology from different geographical regions has important ramifications from the standpoint of epidemiology: on one hand, reported data may influence the development of therapeutic guidelines for urinary tract infections (UTIs) (empiric antibiotic-therapy) and malignancies (including classical cytotoxic drug protocols and next-generation anticancer therapies) both locally and internationally; on the other hand, the relevant stakeholders and government representatives often base their decisions on published evidence. Therefore, novel studies in the field of urology are strongly encouraged to maintain and improve the high standard of patient care internationally and to ensure continuous information supply for international datasets on the causative agents of UTIs and cancer registries. The present Editorial aims to highlight some relevant studies published from the field of urology in Medicina over the last several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; or ; Tel.: +36-62-341-330
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Wang X, Xie H, Ying Y, Chen D, Li J. Roles of N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA modifications in urological cancers. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10302-10310. [PMID: 32808488 PMCID: PMC7521283 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has long been a hot topic in the field of scientific research. The scope of epigenetics usually includes chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications. In recent years, RNA modifications have emerged as important regulators in a variety of physiological processes and in disease progression, especially in human cancers. Among the various RNA modifications, m6 A is the most common. The function of m6 A modifications is mainly regulated by 3 types of proteins: m6 A methyltransferases (writers), m6 A demethylases (erasers) and m6 A-binding proteins (readers). In this review, we focus on RNA m6 A modification and its relationship with urological cancers, particularly focusing on its roles and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Tuaeva NO, Falzone L, Porozov YB, Nosyrev AE, Trukhan VM, Kovatsi L, Spandidos DA, Drakoulis N, Kalogeraki A, Mamoulakis C, Tzanakakis G, Libra M, Tsatsakis A. Translational Application of Circulating DNA in Oncology: Review of the Last Decades Achievements. Cells 2019; 8:E1251. [PMID: 31615102 PMCID: PMC6829588 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the introduction of new molecular techniques in experimental and clinical settings has allowed researchers and clinicians to propose circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis and liquid biopsy as novel promising strategies for the early diagnosis of cancer and for the definition of patients' prognosis. It was widely demonstrated that through the non-invasive analysis of ctDNA, it is possible to identify and characterize the mutational status of tumors while avoiding invasive diagnostic strategies. Although a number of studies on ctDNA in patients' samples significantly contributed to the improvement of oncology practice, some investigations generated conflicting data about the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ctDNA. Hence, to highlight the relevant achievements obtained so far in this field, a clearer description of the current methodologies used, as well as the obtained results, are strongly needed. On these bases, this review discusses the most relevant studies on ctDNA analysis in cancer, as well as the future directions and applications of liquid biopsy. In particular, special attention was paid to the early diagnosis of primary cancer, to the diagnosis of tumors with an unknown primary location, and finally to the prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, the current limitations of ctDNA-based approaches and possible strategies to overcome these limitations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O Tuaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Alexander E Nosyrev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir M Trukhan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54248 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece.
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15
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Li J, Shen H, Xie H, Ying Y, Jin K, Yan H, Wang S, Xu M, Wang X, Xu X, Xie L. Dysregulation of ncRNAs located at the DLK1‑DIO3 imprinted domain: involvement in urological cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:777-787. [PMID: 30697070 PMCID: PMC6339654 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting has been found to be involved in human physical development and several diseases. The DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain is located on human chromosome 14 and contains paternally expressed protein-coding genes (DLK1, RTL1, DIO3) and numerous maternally expressed ncRNA genes (MEG3, MEG8, antisense RTL1, miRNAs, piRNAs, and snoRNAs). Emerging evidence has implicated that dysregulation of the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain especially the imprinted ncRNAs is critical for tumor progressions. Multiple miRNAs and lncRNAs have been investigated in urological cancers, of which several are transcribed from this domain. In this review, we present current data about the associated miRNAs, lncRNAs, and piRNAs and the regulation of differentially methylated regions methylation status in the progression of urological cancers and preliminarily propose certain concepts about the potential regulatory networks involved in DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Haixiang Shen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Huaqing Yan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, ;
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16
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Song H, Kuang G, Zhang Z, Ma B, Jin J, Zhang Q. The Prognostic Value of Pretreatment Plasma Fibrinogen in Urological Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:479-487. [PMID: 30719143 PMCID: PMC6360290 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Growing evidence suggests pretreatment fibrinogen can serve as a prognostic marker in various malignancies. However, there are contradictory results about the prognostic role of fibrinogen in urological cancers. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between pretreatment plasma fibrinogen and survival outcomes in urological cancers. Methods: After a systematic search of PubMed and Embase, we included 14 studies in our meta-analysis, and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) using a fixed-effect model. Results: Our results indicate that pretreatment plasma fibrinogen is a prognostic factor in urological cancers (OS: HR=2.21, 95% CI=1.91-2.57, P<0.001, CSS: HR=2.67, 95% CI=2.23-3.19, P<0.001). Elevated pretreatment plasma fibrinogen is associated with poorer survival in prostate cancer (OS: HR=2.26, 95% CI=1.47-3.48, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.42, 95% CI=1.44-4.07, P=0.001), renal cell carcinoma (OS: HR=2.13, 95% CI=1.75-2.61, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.99, 95% CI=2.29-3.89, P<0.001) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (OS: HR=2.34, 95% CI=1.81-3.02, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.43, 95% CI=1.84-3.20, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that plasma fibrinogen has a more negative impact on survival in Caucasian patients (OS: HR=2.52, 95% CI=1.95-3.25, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.83, 95% CI=1.92-4.17, P<0.001) than Asian patients (OS: HR=2.07, 95% CI=1.73-2.49, P<0.001; CSS: HR=2.63, 95% CI=2.14-3.22, P<0.001). The prognostic value of fibrinogen is also consistent when stratified by different cut-off values. Conclusions: These results show that high pretreatment plasma fibrinogen levels can predict poorer OS and CSS in patients with urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guanyu Kuang
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhenan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Binglei Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
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17
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Wu CL, Chen CL, Huang HS, Yu DS. A new niclosamide derivatives-B17 can inhibit urological cancers growth through apoptosis-related pathway. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3945-3954. [PMID: 29953738 PMCID: PMC6089145 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of urological cancers is increasing yearly. Niclosamide has been repurposed as an anti‐cancer drug in recent years. Synthesized derivative of niclosamide was testified for its anti‐cancer activity in urological cancers. MTT assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity effect of niclosamide and its derivatives in urological cancer cell lines. Migratory ability was monitored by scratch migration assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle changes were analyzed by annexin V and PI staining. The apoptosis‐related signal proteins were evaluated by western blotting. T24 had the best drug sensitivity with the lowest IC50 in niclosamide and B17 treatment than DU145 and Caki‐1 cells. After niclosamide and B17 treatment, the mitotic cells were decreased, but apoptotic bodies and morphology changes were not prominent in T24, Caki‐1, and DU145 cells. The migratory ability was inhibited in niclosamide treatment than control group on Caki‐1 cells and niclosamide and B17 treatment than control group on DU145 cells. Early apoptosis cells were increased after niclosamide and B17 treatment than control group without cell cycle changes in T24, Caki‐1, and DU145 cells. Programmed cell death was activated majorly through PAPR and bcl‐2 in T24 and caspase‐3 in Caki‐1 cells, respectively. Niclosamide and B17 derivative had good ability in inhibition proliferation and migratory ability in T24, Caki‐1, and DU145 cells without prominent morphology and apoptotic body changes. UCC cells are more sensitive to niclosamide and B17 treatment. Early apoptosis was induced after niclosamide and B17 treatment through different mechanisms in T24, Caki‐1, and DU145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Shyong Yu
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Sagara Y, Ohba K, Ohyama K, Sakai H. A Mini-Review of Reactive Oxygen Species in Urological Cancer: Correlation with NADPH Oxidases, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102214. [PMID: 29065504 PMCID: PMC5666894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which are one of the most important sources of ROS. Oxidative stress plays important roles in the etiologies, pathological mechanisms, and treatment strategies of vascular diseases. Additionally, oxidative stress affects mechanisms of carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and prognosis in malignancies. Nearly all solid tumors show stimulation of neo-vascularity, termed angiogenesis, which is closely associated with malignant aggressiveness. Thus, cancers can be seen as a type of vascular disease. Oxidative stress-induced functions are regulated by complex endogenous mechanisms and exogenous factors, such as medication and diet. Although understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for improving the prognosis of urothelial cancer, it is not sufficient, because there are controversial and conflicting opinions. Therefore, we believe that this knowledge is essential to discuss observations and treatment strategies in urothelial cancer. In this review, we describe the relationships between members of the NOX family and tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and pathological mechanisms in urological cancers including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. In addition, we introduce natural compounds and chemical agents that are associated with ROS-induced angiogenesis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sagara
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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19
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Wang YH, Hu HN, Weng H, Chen H, Luo CL, Ji J, Yin CQ, Yuan CH, Wang FB. Association between Polymorphisms in MicroRNAs and Risk of Urological Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on 17,019 Subjects. Front Physiol 2017; 8:325. [PMID: 28579964 PMCID: PMC5437731 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) existing in miRNAs correlate with the susceptibility to urological cancers. However, a clear consensus still not reached due to the limited statistical power in individual study. Thus, we concluded a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association between microRNA SNPs and urological cancer risk. Eligible studies were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to assess the strength of the relationships between three SNPs (miR-196a2, C>T rs11614913; miR-146a, G>C rs2910164; and miR-499, A>G rs3746444) and the risk of urological cancers. In addition, the stability of our analysis was evaluated by publication bias, sensitivity and heterogeneity analysis. Overall, a total of 17,019 subjects from 14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found that CT (miR-196a2, C>T rs11614913) was a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.05-2.80, P = 0.03, I2 = 66%), especially in Asian population (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.04-1.32, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%). miR-146a G>C rs2910164 was a protective factor of urological cancers (C vs. G: OR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.81-0.93, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%), especially for bladder cancer. miR-499 A>G rs3746444 was correlated with an increased risk of urological cancers, specifically in Asian population. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that polymorphisms in microRNAs, miR-196a2, C>T rs11614913, miR-146a G>C rs2910164 and miR-499 A>G rs3746444, may be associated with the development of urological cancers and the risks mainly exist in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Han-Ning Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hong Weng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chang-Liang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jia Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chang-Qing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
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20
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Abstract
Cholesterol and sex steroid hormones including androgens and estrogens play a critical role in the development and progression of urological diseases such as prostate cancer. This disease remains the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in men and is the leading cause of death from different cancers. Attempts to understand the role of cholesterol and steroid metabolism in urological diseases have been ongoing for many years, but despite this, our mechanistic and translational understanding remains elusive. In order to further evaluate the problem, we have taken an interest in metabolomics; a discipline dedicated to the systematic study of biologically active metabolites in cells, tissues, hair and biofluids. Recently, we provided evidence that a quantitative measurement of cholesterol and sex steroid metabolites can be successfully achieved using hair of human and mouse models. The overall goal of this short review article is to introduce current metabolomic technologies for the quantitative biomarker assay development and also to provide new insight into understanding the underlying mechanisms that trigger the pathological condition. Furthermore, this review will place a particular emphasis on how to prepare biospecimens (e.g., hair fiber), quantify molecular profiles and assess their clinical significance in various urological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeun Moon
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Chellayadhas JY, Achrekar MS, Bakshi G, Shetty R, Carvalho M. Development of Booklet on Male Sexual Dysfunction, its Measures and Assessing its Impact on Knowledge of Patients with Urological Cancers. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2016; 3:382-389. [PMID: 28083556 PMCID: PMC5214872 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.196495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Urological cancer and its surgeries have great impact on male sexuality which could have physical or emotional consequences. In India, speaking openly about the sexual matter is a taboo and an aspect considered forbidden. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop an information booklet about male sexual dysfunction and assess its impact on knowledge of patients with urological cancers. Methods: Information booklet was developed after literature review, and its content validity was established. Reliability of the questionnaire was 0.95. A randomized control trail using pre- and post-test design was used for 30 male urological cancer patients and was assigned to experimental group (15) who received information booklet and control group (15) who received standard treatment. Subjects in the experimental group were provided with opinionnaire during posttest. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In experimental group, 40% of the subjects were ≤ 40 years, whereas 27% in the control group (P = 0.699). The pre- and post-mean difference score was significantly higher in experimental group (mean difference - 5) than control group (mean difference - 0.4). All subjects (100%) opined that the information booklet was useful, adequate, self-explanatory, sequential, and clear. Conclusions: Information in the booklet will help subjects to understand the common sexual problems after urological surgeries and help them to cope with the problems, thereby improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Sharad Achrekar
- Nursing Department, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Bakshi
- Department of Urology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rani Shetty
- Leelabai Thackersey College of Nursing, S. N. D. T University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maria Carvalho
- Nursing Department, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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