1
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Sheikh HK, Ortiz CJC, Arshad T, Padrón JM, Khan H. Advancements in steroidal Pt(II) & Pt(IV) derivatives for targeted chemotherapy (2000-2023). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116438. [PMID: 38685141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
One of the key strategies in chemotherapy involves crosslinking the DNA strands of cancer cells to impede their replication, with platinum (Pt) coordination compounds being a prominent class and cisplatin being its major representative. Steroidal ligands tethered to DNA interactive Pt core act as drug carriers for targeted therapy. While crosslinking of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA strands using coordination complexes has been studied for years, there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews addressing the advancements made in steroidal-Pt derivatives. This review specifically focuses on advancements made in steroid-tethered structural derivatives of Pt(II) or prodrug Pt(IV) for targeted chemotherapy, synthesized between 2000 and 2023. This period was deliberately chosen due to the widespread use of computational techniques for more accurate structure-based drug-design in last two decades. This review discusses the strategy behind tethering steroidal ligands such as testosterone, estrogen, bile acids, and cholesterol to the central DNA interactive Pt core through specific linker groups. The steroidal ligands function as drug delivery vehicles of DNA interactive Pt core and bind with their respective target receptors or proteins that are often overexpressed in cancer cells, thus enabling targeted delivery of Pt moiety to interact with DNA. We discussed structural features such as the location of the linker group on the steroid, the mono, bi, and tridentate configuration of the chelating arm in coordination with Pt, and the rigidity and flexibility of the linker group. The comparative in vitro, in vivo activities, and relative binding affinities of the designed compounds against standard Pt drugs are also discussed. We also provided a critique of observed trends and shortcomings. Our review will provide insights into future molecular designing of targeted DNA crosslinkers and their structural optimization to achieve desired drug properties. From this analysis, we proposed further research directions leading to the future of targeted chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdullah Khadim Sheikh
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - José M Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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2
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Liang Z, Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu W, Lu Y. Research Progress on Bioactive Metal Complexes against ER-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2235-2256. [PMID: 36780448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and represents a serious disease that is harmful to life and health. In 1977, with the approval of tamoxifen, endocrine therapy has become the main clinical treatment for ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although patients initially respond well to endocrine therapies, drug resistance often emerges and side effects can be challenging. To overcome drug resistance, the exploration for new drugs is a priority. Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities, and platinum complexes are widely used in the clinic against various cancers, including breast cancer. In this Perspective, the first section describes the classification and mechanism of endocrine therapy drugs for ER+ breast cancer, and the second section summarizes research since 2000 into metal complexes with activity toward ER+ breast cancer. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for metal complexes in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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3
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Shagufta, Ahmad I. Therapeutic significance of molecular hybrids for breast cancer research and treatment. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:218-238. [PMID: 36846377 PMCID: PMC9945856 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death in women. Indeed, over the years, several anti-breast cancer drugs have been developed; however, the complex heterogeneous nature of breast cancer disease reduces the applicability of conventional targeted therapies with the upsurge in side effects and multi-drug resistance. Molecular hybrids generated by a combination of two or more active pharmacophores emerged as a promising approach in recent years for the design and synthesis of anti-breast cancer drugs. The hybrid anti-breast cancer molecules are well known for their several advantages compared to the parent moiety. These hybrid forms of anti-breast cancer molecules demonstrated remarkable effects in blocking different pathways contributing to the pathogenies of breast cancer and improved specificity. In addition, these hybrids are patient compliant with reduced side effects and multi-drug resistance. The literature revealed that molecular hybrids are applied to discover and develop novel hybrids for various complex diseases. This review article highlights the recent progress (∼2018-2022) in developing molecular hybrids, including linked, merged, and fused hybrids, as promising anti-breast cancer agents. Furthermore, their design principles, biological potential, and future perspective are discussed. The provided information will lead to the development of novel anti-breast cancer hybrids with excellent pharmacological profiles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates
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4
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Bansal R, Suryan A. A Comprehensive Review on Steroidal Bioconjugates as Promising Leads in Drug Discovery. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:340-369. [PMID: 37102169 PMCID: PMC10125316 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ever increasing unmet medical requirements of the human race and the continuous fight for survival against variety of diseases give birth to novel molecules through research. As diseases evolve, different strategies are employed to counter the new challenges and to discover safer, more effective, and target-specific therapeutic agents. Among several novel approaches, bioconjugation, in which two chemical moieties are joined together to achieve noticeable results, has emerged as a simple and convenient technique for a medicinal chemist to obtain potent molecules. The steroid system has been extensively used as a privileged scaffold gifted with significantly diversified medicinal properties in the drug discovery and development process. Steroidal molecules are preferred for their rigidness and good ability to penetrate biological membranes. Slight alteration in the basic ring structure results in the formation of steroidal derivatives with a wide range of therapeutic activities. Steroids are not only active as such, conjugating them with various biologically active moieties results in increased lipophilicity, stability, and target specificity with decreased adverse effects. Thus, the steroid nucleus prominently behaves as a biological carrier for small molecules. The steroid bioconjugates offer several advantages such as synergistic activity with fewer side effects due to reduced dose and selective therapy. The steroidal bioconjugates have been widely explored for their usefulness against various disorders and have shown significant utility as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, insecticidal/pesticidal, antioxidant, and antiviral agents along with several other miscellaneous activities. This work provides a comprehensive review on the therapeutic progression of steroidal bioconjugates as medicinally active molecules. The review covers potential biological applications of steroidal bioconjugates and would benefit the wider scientific community in their drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Amruta Suryan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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5
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Singh A, Kaur H, Arora S, Bedi PMS. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel morpholinated isatin-quinoline hybrids as potent anti-breast cancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100368. [PMID: 34783073 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Keeping in view the emerging need for potent and safer anti-breast cancer agents as well as the pharmacological attributes of isatin, quinolone, and morpholine derivatives, novel hydrazine-linked morpholinated isatin-quinoline hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anti-breast cancer agents. The synthesized hybrid compounds were preliminarily screened against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Almost all synthetics showed potent inhibitory potential against hormone-positive MCF-7 cells while being inactive against hormone-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Potent compounds were further evaluated against the L929 (noncancerous skin fibroblast) cell line and found to be highly selective for MCF-7 cells over L929 cells. Cell cycle analysis confirmed that the most potent compound AS-4 (MCF-7: GI50 = 4.36 µM) causes mitotic arrest at the G2 /M phase. Due to higher selectivity toward estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-dependent MCF-7 cells, various binding interactions of AS-4 with ERα are also streamlined, suggesting the capability of AS-4 to completely block ERα. Overall, the study suggests that AS-4 can act as a potential lead for further development of potent and safer anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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6
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Sharma R, Singh VJ, Chawla PA. Advancements in the Use of Platinum Complexes as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:821-835. [PMID: 34353272 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210805150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platinum (II) complexes as anticancer agents have been well explored for the development of novel analogs. Yet, none of them achieved clinical importance in oncology. At present, anticancer compounds containing platinum (II) complexes have been employed in the treatment of colorectal, lung, and genitourinary tumors. Among the platinum-based anticancer drugs, Cisplatin (cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (II), cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]) is one of the most potent components of cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, and platinum compounds associated resistant cancer are some major disadvantages. OBJECTIVE With the rapidly growing interest in platinum (II) complexes in tumor chemotherapy, researchers have synthesized many new platinum analogs as anticancer agents that show better cytotoxicity, and less off-target effects with less cellular resistance. This follows the introduction of oxaliplatin, water-soluble carboplatin, multinuclear platinum and newly synthesized complexes, etc. Method: This review emphasizes recent advancements in drug design and development, the mechanism of platinum (II) complexes, their stereochemistry, current updates, and biomedical applications of platinum-based anticancer agents. CONCLUSION In the last few decades, the popularity of platinum complexes as potent anti-cancer agents has risen as scientists have synthesized many new platinum complexes that exhibit better cytotoxicity coupled with less off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana. India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab. India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
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7
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Nayeem N, Contel M. Exploring the Potential of Metallodrugs as Chemotherapeutics for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Chemistry 2021; 27:8891-8917. [PMID: 33857345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on studies of coordination and organometallic compounds as potential chemotherapeutics against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which has one of the poorest prognoses and worst survival rates from all breast cancer types. At present, chemotherapy is still the standard of care for TNBC since only one type of targeted therapy has been recently developed. References for metal-based compounds studied in TNBC cell lines will be listed, and those of metal-specific reviews, but a detailed overview will also be provided on compounds studied in vivo (mostly in mice models) and those compounds for which some preliminary mechanistic data was obtained (in TNBC cell lines and tumors) and/or for which bioactive ligands have been used. The main goal of this review is to highlight the most promising metal-based compounds with potential as chemotherapeutic agents in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Nayeem
- Brooklyn College Cancer Center BCCC-CURE, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, USA.,Biology PhD Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York, 11006, USA
| | - Maria Contel
- Brooklyn College Cancer Center BCCC-CURE, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, USA.,Biology PhD Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York, 11006, USA.,Chemistry and Biochemistry PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York, 11006, USA.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, USA
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8
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Promising applications of steroid сonjugates for cancer research and treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113089. [PMID: 33321260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of biologically active molecules is a powerful tool for drug discovery used to target a variety of multifunctional diseases including cancer. Conjugated drugs can provide combination therapies in a single multi-functional agent and, by doing so, be more specific and powerful than conventional classic treatments. Steroids are widely used for conjugation with other biological active molecules. This review refers to investigations of steroid conjugates as potential anticancer agents carried out mostly over the past decade. It consists of five parts in which the data concerning structure and anticancer activity of steroid conjugates with DNA alkylating agents, metallocomplexes, approved drugs, some biological active molecules, some natural compounds and related synthetic analogs are described.
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9
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Antitumor Activity of Pt(II), Ru(III) and Cu(II) Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153492. [PMID: 32751963 PMCID: PMC7435640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes are currently potential therapeutic compounds. The acquisition of resistance by cancer cells or the effective elimination of cancer-affected cells necessitates a constant search for chemical compounds with specific biological activities. One alternative option is the transition metal complexes having potential as antitumor agents. Here, we present the current knowledge about the application of transition metal complexes bearing nickel(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), ruthenium(III), and ruthenium(IV). The cytotoxic properties of the above complexes causing apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, and cell cycle inhibition are described in this review.
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10
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Jia J, Yang X, Zhao Q, Ying F, Cai E, Sun S, He X. BNIP3 contributes to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1463-1473. [PMID: 32412667 PMCID: PMC7396446 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BNIP3 is a proapoptotic protein that mediates apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. However, the involvement of BNIP3 in cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer is not clear. In this study, we examined the role of BNIP3 in ovarian cancer during cisplatin treatment and its correlation with clinical outcomes. We first measured cisplatin cytotoxicity and BNIP3 levels before and after cisplatin exposure for ovarian cancer cell lines A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR4, OV2008, ES2 and HO8910. BNIP3 was observed to be differentially expressed in these cell lines, and cisplatin induced a significant increase in BNIP3 levels in A2780 and OVCAR4. BNIP3 knockdown with siRNA in A2780 and OVCAR4 significantly reduced cisplatin cytotoxicity in these two cell lines and alleviated cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. We searched the online databases Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze the correlation between BNIP3 level and overall survival and progression‐free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Pooled analyses showed that higher BNIP3 level was correlated with poorer overall survival (95% confidence intervals; hazard ratio = 1.18, 1.04–1.34; P = 0.013) and progression‐free survival (95% confidence intervals; hazard ratio = 1.26, 1.10–1.43; P = 0.00049). However, the results of individual datasets and stratification analyses of histology, FIGO (Federation Internationale de Gynecolgie et d’Obstetrique) stage, chemotherapy regimen and P53 mutation status varied. These findings indicate that cisplatin‐induced apoptosis is dependent on BNIP3 level in ovarian cancer cell lines. Targeting BNIP3 may therefore be a potential way of restoring cisplatin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital of WuHan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiquan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - E Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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12
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Xue X, Qian C, Fang H, Liu H, Yuan H, Guo Z, Bai Y, He W. Photoactivated Lysosomal Escape of a Monofunctional Pt
II
Complex Pt‐BDPA for Nucleus Access. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12661-12666. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Chenggen Qian
- School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Ke Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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13
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Kitteringham E, Andriollo E, Gandin V, Montagner D, Griffith DM. Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro antitumour potential of novel Pt(II) estrogen linked complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Yao H, Xu Z, Li C, Tse MK, Tong Z, Zhu G. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Study of a Platinum(IV) Anticancer Prodrug with Selectivity toward Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Receptor-Positive Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11076-11084. [PMID: 31393117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs including cisplatin are widely used in clinics to treat various types of cancer. However, the lack of cancer-cell selectivity is one of the major problems that lead to side effects in normal tissues. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors are overexpressed in many types of cancer cells but rarely presented in normal cells, making LHRH receptor a good candidate for cancer targeting. In this study, we report the synthesis and cytotoxic study of a novel platinum(IV) anticancer prodrug functionalized with LHRH peptide. This LHRH-platinum(IV) conjugate is highly soluble in water and quite stable in a PBS buffer. Cytotoxic study reveals that the prodrug selectively targets LHRH receptor-positive cancer cell lines with the cytotoxicities 5-8 times higher than those in LHRH receptor-negative cell lines. In addition, the introduction of LHRH peptide enhances the cellular accumulation in a manner of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, the LHRH-platinum(IV) prodrug is proved to kill cancer cells by binding to the genomic DNA, inducing apoptosis, and arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. In summary, we report a novel LHRH-platinum(IV) anticancer prodrug having largely improved selectivity toward LHRH receptor-positive cancer cells, relative to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houzong Yao
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Tong
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
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15
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Xue X, Qian C, Fang H, Liu H, Yuan H, Guo Z, Bai Y, He W. Photoactivated Lysosomal Escape of a Monofunctional Pt
II
Complex Pt‐BDPA for Nucleus Access. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Chenggen Qian
- School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Ke Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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16
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Sharma B, Singh A, Gu L, Saha ST, Singh-Pillay A, Cele N, Singh P, Kaur M, Kumar V. Diastereoselective approach to rationally design tetrahydro-β-carboline-isatin conjugates as potential SERMs against breast cancer. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9809-9819. [PMID: 35520746 PMCID: PMC9062147 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00744j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of tetrahydro-β-carboline-isatin conjugates, with varying substituents as well as stereochemistry at C-1 and C-5 position of tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) and isatin ring, were prepared and assayed for anti-proliferative efficacy on Estrogen Responsive ER(+) (MCF-7) and ER(-ve) MDA-MB-231 cell-lines. The synthesized scaffolds displayed selective anti-proliferative efficacy against MCF-7 cell-line with the most active conjugate 8b exhibiting an IC50 value of 37.42 μM, comparable to that of peganumine A, a tetrahydro-β-carboline analogue, isolated from Peganum harmala. The synthesized compound 8b was also more potent than the standard drug tamoxifen (IC50 = 50 μM against MCF-7). The observed activities were further corroborated via docking studies in ER-α (PDB ID: 3ERT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar-143005 India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar-143005 India
| | - Liang Gu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits-2050 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Sourav Taru Saha
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits-2050 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal P/Bag X54001, Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Nosipho Cele
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal P/Bag X54001, Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal P/Bag X54001, Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits-2050 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar-143005 India
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Kenny RG, Marmion CJ. Toward Multi-Targeted Platinum and Ruthenium Drugs-A New Paradigm in Cancer Drug Treatment Regimens? Chem Rev 2019; 119:1058-1137. [PMID: 30640441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While medicinal inorganic chemistry has been practised for over 5000 years, it was not until the late 1800s when Alfred Werner published his ground-breaking research on coordination chemistry that we began to truly understand the nature of the coordination bond and the structures and stereochemistries of metal complexes. We can now readily manipulate and fine-tune their properties. This had led to a multitude of complexes with wide-ranging biomedical applications. This review will focus on the use and potential of metal complexes as important therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. With major advances in technologies and a deeper understanding of the human genome, we are now in a strong position to more fully understand carcinogenesis at a molecular level. We can now also rationally design and develop drug molecules that can either selectively enhance or disrupt key biological processes and, in doing so, optimize their therapeutic potential. This has heralded a new era in drug design in which we are moving from a single- toward a multitargeted approach. This approach lies at the very heart of medicinal inorganic chemistry. In this review, we have endeavored to showcase how a "multitargeted" approach to drug design has led to new families of metallodrugs which may not only reduce systemic toxicities associated with modern day chemotherapeutics but also address resistance issues that are plaguing many chemotherapeutic regimens. We have focused our attention on metallodrugs incorporating platinum and ruthenium ions given that complexes containing these metal ions are already in clinical use or have advanced to clinical trials as anticancer agents. The "multitargeted" complexes described herein not only target DNA but also contain either vectors to enable them to target cancer cells selectively and/or moieties that target enzymes, peptides, and intracellular proteins. Multitargeted complexes which have been designed to target the mitochondria or complexes inspired by natural product activity are also described. A summary of advances in this field over the past decade or so will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece G Kenny
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Celine J Marmion
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
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Kumar S, Palma G, Perumal S, Kaur M, Singh-Pillay A, Raj R, Singh P, Kumar V. Triarylethylene-indolin-2,3-dione molecular conjugates: design, synthesis, docking studies and anti-proliferation evaluation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:42409-42414. [PMID: 35542879 PMCID: PMC9076587 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-linked ospemifene-isatin and O-methylated ospemifene–isatin conjugates were synthesized and assayed for their anti-proliferative activities against estrogen-responsive as well as estrogen-non-responsive cells. The non-cytotoxic conjugate 14e, with an optimal combination of bromo substituents at the C-5/C-7 positions of isatin, proved to be a promising hit with an IC50 value of 31.62 μM against MCF-7 and 19.23 μM against MDA-MB-231. The observed anti-proliferative activities of active conjugates were further corroborated via docking studies carried out on estrogen receptor subtypes α and β. A series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-linked ospemifene–isatin and O-methylated ospemifene–isatin conjugates were synthesized and assayed for their anti-proliferative activities against estrogen-responsive as well as estrogen-non-responsive cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Gabriella Palma
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witswatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Shanen Perumal
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witswatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witswatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Raghu Raj
- Department of Chemistry
- DAV College
- Amritsar-143001
- India
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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19
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Kumar S, Saha ST, Gu L, Palma G, Perumal S, Singh-Pillay A, Singh P, Anand A, Kaur M, Kumar V. 1 H-1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Nitroimidazole-Isatin Conjugates: Synthesis, Docking, and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation against Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12106-12113. [PMID: 30320289 PMCID: PMC6175498 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
1H-1,2,3-Triazole tethered imidazole-isatin and imidazole-isatin-thiosemicarbazone conjugates were synthesized and evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Antiproliferative activities of the synthesized conjugates revealed an optimum combination of longer alkyl chain length as spacer and a halogen-substituent on the isatin ring as a pre-requisite for good activity. The compound 6g with an optimum combination of chloro-substituent at C-5 position of isatin ring and a butyl chain length proved to be most active and noncytotoxic with IC50s of 54.25 and 26.12 μM against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sourav Taru Saha
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liang Gu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gabriella Palma
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shanen Perumal
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
- E-mail: (V.K.)
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21
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Heras BL, Amesty Á, Estévez-Braun A, Hortelano S. Metal Complexes of Natural Product Like-compounds with Antitumor Activity. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2018; 19:48-65. [PMID: 29692264 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180420165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. Despite many advances in the understanding of this complex disease, new approaches are needed to improve the efficacy of current therapeutic treatments against aggressive tumors. Natural products are one of the most consistently successful sources of drug leads. In recent decades, research activity into the clinical potential of this class of compounds in cancer has increased. Furthermore, a highly promising field is the use of metals and their complexes in the design and development of metal-based drugs for the treatment of cancer. Metal complexes offer unique opportunities due to their ability to alter pharmacology, improving the efficacy and/or reducing the negative side effects of drug molecules. In addition, transition metals as copper, iron, and manganese, among others, can interact with active sites of enzymes, playing important roles in multiple biological processes. Thus, these complexes not only possess higher activities but also reach their targets more efficiently. This review article highlights recent advances on the emerging and expanding field of metal-based drugs. The emphasis is on new therapeutic strategies consisting of metal complexes with natural product like-compounds as a starting point for the rational design of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz L Heras
- Departamento de Farmacologia. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Amesty
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Organica Antonio Gonzalez, Universidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofisico Fco. Sanchez 2. 38206. La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Organica Antonio Gonzalez, Universidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofisico Fco. Sanchez 2. 38206. La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Hortelano
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacologicas. Area de Genetica Humana. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Kumar S, Gu L, Palma G, Kaur M, Singh-Pillay A, Singh P, Kumar V. Design, synthesis, anti-proliferative evaluation and docking studies of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered ospemifene–isatin conjugates as selective estrogen receptor modulators. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered ospemifene–isatin and ospemifene–spiroisatin conjugates have been synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Liang Gu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Private Bag 3
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Gabriella Palma
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Private Bag 3
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Private Bag 3
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- P/Bag X54001
- Westville
- Durban 4000
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- P/Bag X54001
- Westville
- Durban 4000
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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23
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Abstract
DNA-damaging agents, such as methylating agents, chloroethylating agents and platinum-based agents, have been extensively used as anticancer drugs. However, the side effects, high toxicity, lack of selectivity and resistance severely limit their clinical applications. In recent years, a strategy combining a DNA-damaging agent with a bioactive molecule (e.g., enzyme inhibitors) or carrier (e.g., steroid hormone and DNA intercalators) to produce a new 'combi-molecule' with improved efficacy or selectivity has been attempted to overcome these drawbacks. The combi-molecule simultaneously acts on two targets and is expected to possess better potency than the parent compounds. Many studies have shown DNA-damaging combi-molecules exhibiting excellent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the development of combi-molecules, which possess increased DNA-damaging potency, anticancer efficacy and tumor selectivity and reduced side reactions than the parent compounds. The future opportunities and challenges in the discovery of combi-molecules were also discussed.
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Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3436-86. [PMID: 26865551 PMCID: PMC4792284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1700] [Impact Index Per Article: 212.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, prevail in the treatment of cancer, but new platinum agents have been very slow to enter the clinic. Recently, however, there has been a surge of activity, based on a great deal of mechanistic information, aimed at developing nonclassical platinum complexes that operate via mechanisms of action distinct from those of the approved drugs. The use of nanodelivery devices has also grown, and many different strategies have been explored to incorporate platinum warheads into nanomedicine constructs. In this Review, we discuss these efforts to create the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The introduction provides the reader with a brief overview of the use, development, and mechanism of action of the approved platinum drugs to provide the context in which more recent research has flourished. We then describe approaches that explore nonclassical platinum(II) complexes with trans geometry or with a monofunctional coordination mode, polynuclear platinum(II) compounds, platinum(IV) prodrugs, dual-threat agents, and photoactivatable platinum(IV) complexes. Nanoparticles designed to deliver platinum(IV) complexes will also be discussed, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. Additional nanoformulations, including supramolecular self-assembled structures, proteins, peptides, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers, will then be described. Finally, the significant clinical progress made by nanoparticle formulations of platinum(II) agents will be reviewed. We anticipate that such a synthesis of disparate research efforts will not only help to generate new drug development ideas and strategies, but also will reflect our optimism that the next generation of approved platinum cancer drugs is about to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Trudu F, Amato F, Vaňhara P, Pivetta T, Peña-Méndez E, Havel J. Coordination compounds in cancer: Past, present and perspectives. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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26
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Tan CP, Lu YY, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Metallomics insights into the programmed cell death induced by metal-based anticancer compounds. Metallomics 2014; 6:978-95. [PMID: 24668273 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cisplatin more than 40 years ago, enormous research efforts have been dedicated to developing metal-based anticancer agents and to elucidating the mechanisms involved in the action of these compounds. Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are important hallmarks of malignant transformation, and the induction of apoptotic cell death has been considered to be a main pathway by which cytotoxic metal complexes combat cancer. However, many cancers have cellular defects involving the apoptotic machinery, which results in an acquired resistance to apoptotic cell death and therefore reduced chemotherapeutic effectiveness. Over the past decade, it has been revealed that a growing number of cell death pathways induced by metal complexes are not dependent on apoptosis. Metal complexes specifically triggering these alternative cell death pathways have been identified and explored as novel cancer treatment options. In this review, we discuss recent examples of metallomics studies on the different types of cell death induced by metal-based anticancer drugs, especially on the three major forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in mammalian cells: apoptosis, autophagy and regulated necrosis, also called necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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27
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Kaur G, Mahajan MP, Pandey MK, Singh P, Ramisetti SR, Sharma AK. Design, synthesis and evaluation of Ospemifene analogs as anti-breast cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Parrella A, Lavorgna M, Criscuolo E, Russo C, Isidori M. Estrogenic activity and cytotoxicity of six anticancer drugs detected in water systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 485-486:216-222. [PMID: 24727039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro estrogenic and the cytotoxic activity of six cytostatics (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and imatinib) belonging to the five classes of Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC) detected in wastewater systems. The estrogenic activity was assessed by YES-assay on Saccharomyces cerevisiae-RMY326 and E-screen on MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxic activity was assessed by MTT Cell Proliferation Assay on the MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cells. The results of estrogenic activity, detected by E-screen and expressed as EC50, showed a high potential of imatinib (10(-7) μM) followed by cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Capecitabine was poorly estrogenic while etoposide and doxorubicin EC50 values were not possible to determine. Cytotoxicity was found at concentrations far from those detected in effluents. The potential endocrine activity of the most active drugs could be associated with human and wildlife risk when considering their occurrence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emma Criscuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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29
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Fortin S, Brasseur K, Morin N, Asselin É, Bérubé G. New platinum(II) complexes conjugated at position 7α of 17β-acetyl-testosterone as new combi-molecules against prostate cancer: design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:433-43. [PMID: 23994871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and, more specifically, new treatments for hormone-refractory cancers are highly sought by several research groups. Although platinum(II)-based chemotherapy and other strategies grow in interest to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), they still exhibit modest activity on CRPC and overall patient survival. In this study, we designed and prepared new combi-molecules using 17β-acetyl-testosterone and amino acid platinum(II) complexes linked at the position 7α to target and to improve the antiproliferative activity of platinum(II)-based chemotherapy on prostate cancer cells. Twelve chemical intermediates and six new combi-molecules were prepared and characterized. Structure-activity relationships studies show that the platinum complex moiety is essential for an optimal cytocidal activity. Moreover, stereochemistry of the amino acid involved in the platinum complexes had only minor effects on the antiproliferative activity whereas pyridinyl (10a and b) and thiazolyl (10f) complexes exhibited the highest cytocidal activities that are significantly superior to that of cisplatin used as control on human prostate adenocarcinoma LNCaP (AR+), PC3 (AR-) and DU145 (AR-). Compounds 10a, b and f arrested the cell cycle progression in S-phase and induced double strand breaks as confirmed by the phosphorylation of histone H2AX into γH2AX. Compounds 10a and f showed 33 and 30% inhibition, respectively of the growth of HT-1080 tumors grafted onto chick chorioallantoic membranes. Finally, compounds 10a and 10f exhibited low toxicity on the chick embryos (18 and 21% of death, respectively), indicating that these new combi-molecules might be a promising new class of anticancer agents for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fortin
- Département de Chimie et Physique et, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7; Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Bideau
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg 67000, France
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31
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Zamora A, Rodríguez V, Cutillas N, Yellol GS, Espinosa A, Samper KG, Capdevila M, Palacios O, Ruiz J. New steroidal 7-azaindole platinum(II) antitumor complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:48-56. [PMID: 23932925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new steroidal 7-azaindole-based N-donor ligands 17-α-[7-azaindole-5-ethynyl]-17-β-testosterone (ET-Haza) (1) and 17-α-[7-azaindole-5-ethynyl]-19-nortestosterone (LEV-Haza) (2), and two new DNA damaging warheads with an enhanced lipophilicity [Pt(dmba)Cl(L)] (dmba=N,N-dimethylbenzylamine-κN,κC; L=ET-Haza (3) and LEV-Haza (4)) have been prepared and characterized. Values of IC50 were calculated for complexes 3 and 4 against a panel of human tumor cell lines representative of ovarian (A2780 and A2780cis) and breast cancers (T47D). At 48 h of incubation time 3 and 4 showed very low resistance factors (RF of 1) against an A2780 cell line which has acquired resistance to cisplatin, IC50 values of the new complexes towards normal human LLC-PK1 renal cells at 48 h being about double than that of cisplatin. 3 and 4 are able to react with 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) yielding the corresponding monoadduct [Pt(dmba)(L)(9-EtG)](+) derivatives as followed by ESI-MS. Compound 3 interacts mainly with double-stranded (DS) oligonucleotides as shown by analysis with ESI-TOF-MS, being also able to displace ethidium bromide (EB) from DNA, as observed by an electrophoretic mobility study. 3 and 4 are good cathepsin B inhibitors. Theoretical calculations at the COSMO(CHCl3)/B3LYP-D/def2-TZVPPecp//B3LYP-D/def2-TZVPecp level and energy evaluations at the COSMO(CHCl3)/PWPB95-D3/def2-TZVPPecp level of theory on compound 4 and model systems have been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Spain, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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Brasseur K, Leblanc V, Fabi F, Parent S, Descôteaux C, Bérubé G, Asselin E. ERα-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer cells by a novel estradiol-platinum(II) hybrid. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2281-95. [PMID: 23677930 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As we previously showed, we have synthesized a new family of 17β-estradiol-platinum(II) hybrids. Earlier studies revealed the VP-128 hybrid to show high efficiency compared with cisplatin toward hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. In the present research, we have studied the antitumor activity of VP-128 in vitro and in vivo against ovarian cancer. In nude mice with ovarian xenografts, VP-128 displayed selective activity toward hormone-dependent tumors and showed higher efficiency than cisplatin to inhibit tumor growth. Similarly, in vitro, transient transfection of estrogen receptor (ER)-α in ERα-negative A2780 cells increased their sensitivity to VP-128-induced apoptosis, confirming the selectivity of VP-128 toward hormone-dependent tumor cells. In agreement, Western blot analysis revealed that VP-128 induced higher caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage compared with cisplatin. The activation of caspase-independent apoptosis was also observed in ERα-negative A2780 cells, in which VP-128 rapidly induced the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor to the nucleus. Conversely, subcellular localization of apoptosis-inducing factor was not modified in ERα-positive Ovcar-3 cells. We also discovered that VP-128 induces autophagy in ovarian cancer cells because of the formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and increase of Light Chain 3B-II protein responsible for the formation of autophagosomes; pathways related to autophagy (AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin) were also down-regulated, supporting this mechanism. Finally, the inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine increased VP-128 efficiency, indicating a possible combination therapy. Altogether these results highlight the beneficial value of VP-128 for the treatment of hormone-dependent ovarian cancers and provide preliminary proof of concept for the efficient targeting of ERα- by 17β-estradiol-Pt(II)-linked chemotherapeutic hybrids in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brasseur
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Canada Research Chair in Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
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Kvasnica M, Rarova L, Oklestkova J, Budesinsky M, Kohout L. Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of estrone and estradiol cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6969-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dao KL, Hanson RN. Targeting the Estrogen Receptor using Steroid–Therapeutic Drug Conjugates (Hybrids). Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2139-58. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinh-Luan Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston
Massachusetts 02115-50000
| | - Robert N. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston
Massachusetts 02115-50000
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Saha P, Fortin S, Leblanc V, Parent S, Asselin É, Bérubé G. Design, synthesis, cytocidal activity and estrogen receptor α affinity of doxorubicin conjugates at 16α-position of estrogen for site-specific treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Steroids 2012; 77:1113-22. [PMID: 22801351 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an important medicine for the treatment of breast cancer, which is the most frequently diagnosed and the most lethal cancer in women worldwide. However, the clinical use of DOX is impeded by serious toxic effects such as cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Covalently linking DOX to estrogen to selectively deliver the drug to estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) cancer tissues is one of the strategies under investigation for improving the efficacy and decreasing the cardiac toxicity of DOX. However, conjugation of drug performed until now was at 3- or 17-position of estrogen, which is not ideal since the hydroxyl groups at this position are important for receptor binding affinity. In this study, we designed, prepared and evaluated in vitro the first estrogen-doxorubicin conjugates at 16α-position of estradiol termed E-DOXs (8a-d). DOX was conjugated using a 3-9 carbon atoms alkylamide linking arm. E-DOXs were prepared from estrone using a seven-step procedure to afford the desired conjugates in low to moderate yields. The antiproliferative activities of the E-DOX 8a conjugate through a 3-carbon spacer chain on ER(+) MCF7 and HT-29 are in the micromolar range while inactive on M21 and the ER(-) MDA-MB-231 cells (>50 μM). Compound 8a exhibits a selectivity ratio (ER(+)/ER(-) cell lines) of >3.5. Compounds 8b-8d bearing alkylamide linking arms ranging from 5 to 9 carbon atoms were inactive at the concentrations tested (>50 μM). Interestingly, compounds 8a-8c exhibited affinity for the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the nanomolar range (72-100 nM) whereas compound 8d exhibited no affinity at concentrations up to 215 nM. These results indicate that a short alkylamide spacer is required to maintain both antiproliferative activity toward ER(+) MCF7 and affinity for the ERα of the E-DOX conjugates. Compound 8a is potentially a promising conjugate to target ER(+) breast cancer and might be useful also for the design of more potent E-DOX conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus Saha
- Groupe de Recherche en Oncologie et Endocrinologie Moléculaires, Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7.
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Descôteaux C, Brasseur K, Leblanc V, Parent S, Asselin E, Bérubé G. Design of novel tyrosine-nitrogen mustard hybrid molecules active against uterine, ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. Steroids 2012; 77:403-12. [PMID: 22227028 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
L-para-Tyrosine was linked to ortho-hydroxyaniline, meta-hydroxyaniline and para-hydroxyaniline giving three distinct tyrosinamide molecules. The new extended amino acid derivatives were constructed to imitate, in part, the estradiol (E(2), the natural female sex hormone) nucleus. The resulting tyrosinamides were then linked to chlorambucil either directly, or via a 5 and 10 carbon atoms spacer chain. This was done in an attempt to target cancerous cells expressing the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and to obtain a more specific chemotherapeutic agent. The tyrosinamide-chlorambucil molecules were designed and synthesized in good yields, according to two different approaches. The novel compounds were evaluated for their anticancer efficacy in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent (ER+; MCF-7 and ER-; MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the meta-hydroxyphenyl-tyrosinamide-chlorambucil derivatives were more active than the ortho- and para- analogs. The molecules bearing a 5 carbon atoms spacer were selected for additional biological study using a panel of female cancerous cells; breast (ZR-75-1, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468), ovarian (OVCAR-3, A2780) and uterine (Ishikawa, HEC-1A). It was discovered that for breast cancer cells, the new compounds were up to 4.2 times more active than chlorambucil itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Descôteaux
- Groupe de Recherche en Oncologie et Endocrinologie Moléculaires, Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
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Saha P, Descôteaux C, Brasseur K, Fortin S, Leblanc V, Parent S, Asselin E, Bérubé G. Synthesis, antiproliferative activity and estrogen receptor α affinity of novel estradiol-linked platinum(II) complex analogs to carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Potential vector complexes to target estrogen-dependent tissues. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 48:385-90. [PMID: 22209414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In the course of efforts to develop 17β-estradiol-linked to anticancer agents targeting estrogen-dependent tissue, we identified three estradiol-linked platinum(II) complex analogs to cisplatin (E-CDDP) derivatives namely: VP-128 (1), CD-38 (2) and JMP-39 (3) that exhibit potent in vitro and in vivo (for derivative VP-128) activity along with interaction with the estrogen receptor α (ERα). In this study, we prepared and biologically evaluated two novel classes of estradiol-linked platinum(II) complex analogs to carboplatin (E-CarboP, 1a-3a) and oxaliplatin (E-OxaP, 1b-3b). E-CarboP and E-OxaP were designed and based on the estradiol-linker scaffold of E-CDDP derivatives previously identified. Consequently, we assessed the importance of the nature of platinum(II) salt on the antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human mammary carcinoma cell lines together with affinity for the ERα by replacing the dichloroplatinum(II) moiety by a cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylateplatinum(II) or an oxalateplatinum(II) moiety. Except for compound 3b which is inactive at the concentration tested, the antiproliferative activity of all compounds on both human mammary carcinomas cell lines are in micromolar range and are more active than carboplatin and oxaliplatin alone but less active that their E-CDDP counterparts (1-3). In addition, E-CarboP derivatives 1a-3a show very low affinity for ERα whereas E-OxaPs 1b and 2b show higher affinity for ERα than their parents E-CDDPs (1-2), suggesting that the nature of the platinum(II) salt involved in the vector complexes is extremely important to both retain significant antiproliferative activity and selectivity for the ERα and possibility to target estrogen-dependent tissues. Finally, E-OxaPs 1b and 2b are potentially promising alternatives vector complexes to target estrogen-dependent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus Saha
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Groupe de Recherche en Oncologie et Endocrinologie Moléculaires, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7.
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Chardon E, Puleo GL, Dahm G, Guichard G, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Direct functionalisation of group 10 N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for diversity enhancement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5864-6. [PMID: 21503314 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of alkyne-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) is reported. Catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with azides has been applied as a modular way of functionalisation of group 10 transition metal NHC complexes to generate potentially new metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Chardon
- Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Materials of Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg - CNRS UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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Provencher-Mandeville J, Debnath C, Mandal SK, Leblanc V, Parent S, Asselin E, Bérubé G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of estradiol-PEG-linked platinum(II) hybrid molecules: comparative molecular modeling study of three distinct families of hybrids. Steroids 2011; 76:94-103. [PMID: 20869376 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of 17β-estradiol-platinum(II) hybrid molecules is reported. The hybrids are made of a PEG linking chain of various length and a 2-(2'-aminoethyl)pyridine ligand. They are prepared from estrone in only 5 chemical steps with an overall yield of 22%. The length of the PEG chain does not influence the solubility of the compounds as it remains relatively constant throughout the series. MTT assays showed that the derivative with the longest PEG chain showed the best activity against two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The novel PEG-hybrids are also compared in terms of activities with two other families of 17β-estradiol-platinum(II) hybrids that we reported in previous studies. Molecular modeling study performed on a representative member of each family of hybrids reveals distinct molecular interactions with the estrogen receptor α which further corroborates their notably contrasting cytocidal activities on breast cancer cell lines. This study also shows that lipophilicity and the orientation of the tether chain between the estrogenic portion and the platinum(II) core contribute markedly to the biological activity of the various families of hybrids. The most active hybrids are those possessing an alkyl tether chain at position 16β of the steroid nucleus. For example, derivative 3 (p=6) is about 16 times more potent on MCF-7 breast cancer cells than the corresponding 16α-PEG-hybrids (2b) made in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Provencher-Mandeville
- Groupe de Recherche en Oncologie et Endocrinologie Moléculaires, Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Synthesis of d- and l-tyrosine-chlorambucil analogs active against breast cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7388-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yaya AR, Touaibia M, Massarweh G, Rochon FD, Breau L. Synthesis of 17 alpha-substituted ethynylestradiols: potential ligands for drug vectors. Steroids 2010; 75:489-98. [PMID: 20302883 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
17alpha-substituted ethynylestradiols, derived from estrone, were converted to their corresponding 17 alpha-(bromo- or iodo-propargyl)estrone intermediates. Nucleophilic substitution onto these moieties with malonate diester followed by hydrolysis and complexation with cis-Pt(Me(2)en)I(2) (Me(2)en=N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) gave cis-Pt(Me(2)en)(2-(3-(17beta-estradiol-17 alpha-yl)-prop-2-ynyl)malonato) 7, thus demonstrating that these estrogen-derived compounds can be used to synthesize stable Pt(II) complexes. The 3-(17beta-estradiol-17 alpha-yl)-prop-2-ynyl-1-sulfanylethylthiol 23 was also prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou R Yaya
- Département de Chimie, PharmaQAM, NanoQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gupta A, Saha P, Descôteaux C, Leblanc V, Asselin E, Bérubé G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of estradiol-chlorambucil hybrids as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1614-8. [PMID: 20137939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of estradiol-chlorambucil hybrids was synthesized as anticancer drugs for site-directed chemotherapy of breast cancer. The novel compounds were synthesized in good yields through efficient modifications of estrone at position 16alpha of the steroid nucleus. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer efficacy in different hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cell lines. The novel hybrids showed significant in vitro anticancer activity when compared to chlorambucil. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) reveals the influence of the length of the spacer chain between carrier and drug molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Groupe de Recherche en Oncologie et Endocrinologie Moléculaires, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
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Abstract
Cisplatin was one of the first chemotherapeutic agents to exhibit broad efficacy in solid tumors and it remains among the most widely used agents in the treatment of cancer. Its introduction inspired great efforts to design similarly effective platinum agents that overcome the three main limitations of cisplatin: toxicity, tumor resistance and poor oral bioavailability. However, 40 years after the initial discovery of cisplatin, only two platinum agents have garnered US FDA approval: carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Although hundreds of promising agents were tested in clinical trials during the 1990s, only oxaliplatin made it past clinical development. For a brief period, the economic cost of these unsuccessful efforts retarded further efforts to develop new agents. However, two exciting platinum agents have been brought to Phase III trials: satraplatin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer and picoplatin in small-cell lung cancer. If successful, they may inspire a new effort to bring better-designed platinum agents to market. This article reviews the clinical development of platinum agents to date and speculates on the role of platinum agents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Shah
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Don S Dizon
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island/The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Gupta A, Gueddah R, Bérubé G. Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Steroidal Hybrids of Estrogen and Vitamin D3. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802369620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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