1
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Asif M, Almehmadi M, Alsaiari AA, Allahyani M. Diverse Pharmacological Potential of different Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:858-888. [PMID: 37861007 DOI: 10.2174/0115701794260444230925095804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has been a topic of research interest. Some five-membered heterocyclic compounds have been the subject of extensive research due to their different types of pharmacological effects. The five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives have a lot of interest in the fields of medical and agricultural chemistry due to their diverse spectrum of therapeutic activities. Various substituted pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone compounds exhibited diverse pharmacological effects like Anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, diuretic, anti-depressant, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-leishmanial, antidiabetic, and antiviral, etc. In recent decades, the synthesis of numerous pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives by different synthetic methods as well as research into their chemical and biological behavior have become more important. This review focuses on synthetic methods of the pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives, which have significant biological properties and a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhou Y, Ma R, Li X, Liu X, Wang KH, Wang J, Huang D, Hu Y. Tandem Addition/Cyclization/Halogenation Reaction of Difluoromethylated N-Acylhydrazones with Allyltrimethylsilanes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38057279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As novel difluoromethyl building blocks, difluoromethylated N-acylhydrazones react with allyltrimethylsilanes and the halogen source via a tandem addition/cyclization/halogenation strategy, which produces various difluoromethylpyrazoline compounds in good yields. The method features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scopes, and a transition metal-free process with easy operation. It also proves that difluoromethylated N-acylhydrazones are useful difluoromethyl building blocks for the construction of difluoromethylated nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ransong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Dahiya P, Yadav A, Peddinti RK. Spirocyclization and Michael addition of 3-benzylidene succinimides: route to spirocyclopentapyrrolidine-tetraones and benzylidene N-arylpyrrolidine-diones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9192-9199. [PMID: 37955962 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of 3-benzylidene succinimides with 2-substituted 2-hydroxy-indane-1,3-diones and unsaturated pyrazolones are carried out under basic conditions to afford spirocyclized derivatives and Michael adducts, respectively, with high regio- and stereo-selectivities. The most notable aspect of the reaction is the ability of highly reactive benzylidene succinimide to act as both an electrophile and a nucleophile causing spirocyclization. The reaction proceeded under mild and metal-free conditions and products were isolated in good to high yields. The current strategy utilizes simple and easily accessible precursors, and provides functionally rich products of medicinal interest with two to four contiguous stereogenic centres and complete regioselectivity with excellent diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Anoop Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rama Krishna Peddinti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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4
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Huang Y, Tian W, Peng Z, Cheng Y, Wei M, Liu Z, Pang L, Cui J. Discovery and biological evaluation of pregnenolone selenocyanoamides with potential anticancer and antimicrobial activities. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106388. [PMID: 37652364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Starting with pregnenolone, a 20-carbonyl group was converted into an amino group through a series of chemical reactions. This amino group was further converted into selenocyanoalkylamide, leading to the synthesis of six pregnenolone selenocyanoalkylamide derivatives. These compounds were then screened for antitumor activity in vitro, yielding promising results. Compounds 4b-4f show higher inhibitory activity than the positive control abiraterone and 2-methoxyestradiol, with IC50 values lower than 10 μmol/L against breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer cell lines that closely related to human hormone expression levels. The Annexin V assay of compound 4f revealed that compounds inhibited tumor cell proliferation primarily through the induction of programmed apoptosis. The zebrafish test results indicated that compound 4d had significant inhibitory activity against MCF-7 cell xenografts in vivo. Moreover, the antibacterial test indicated that compounds 4a and 4d-4e had better inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) than the positive controls vancomycin and ampicillin. These results suggest that these compounds may hold promise as novel antitumor agents or antimicrobial agents for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Wenhao Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zining Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Meizhen Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Liping Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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5
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Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Antiproliferative and Neuroprotective Effects and In Silico Studies of Novel 16E-Arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone Derivatives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030812. [PMID: 36979790 PMCID: PMC10045663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids constitute an important class of pharmacologically active molecules, playing key roles in human physiology. Within this group, 16E-arylideneandrostane derivatives have been reported as potent anti-cancer agents for the treatment of leukemia, breast and prostate cancers, and brain tumors. Additionally, 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol is an oxysterol with several biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation and cholesterol homeostasis. Interestingly, pregnenolone derivatives combining these two modifications were described as potential neuroprotective agents. In this research, novel 16E-arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone derivatives were synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone by aldol condensation with different aldehydes followed by a diastereoselective 5α,6α-epoxidation. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Furthermore, the assessment of the neuroprotective activity of these derivatives was performed in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line (N27), at basal conditions, and in the presence of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Interestingly, some of these steroids had selective cytotoxic effects in tumoral cell lines, with an IC50 of 3.47 µM for the 2,3-dichlorophenyl derivative in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The effects of this functionalized epoxide on cell proliferation (Ki67 staining), cell necrosis (propidium iodide staining), as well as the analysis of the nuclear area and near neighbor distance in MCF-7 cells, were analyzed. From this set of biological studies, strong evidence of the activation of apoptosis was found. In contrast, no significant neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity was observed for the less cytotoxic steroids in N27 cells. Lastly, molecular docking simulations were achieved to verify the potential affinity of these compounds against important targets of steroidal drugs (androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, and 5α-reductase type 2, 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase and aromatase enzymes). This in silico study predicted a strong affinity between most novel steroidal derivatives and 5α-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase enzymes.
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Ardevines S, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. Heterocycles in Breast Cancer Treatment: The Use of Pyrazole Derivatives. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1145-1174. [PMID: 36043746 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220829091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the aromatic heterocycle rings, pyrazole -a five-membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms in its structure has been postulated as a potent candidate in the pharmacological context. This moiety is an interesting therapeutic target covering a broad spectrum of biological activities due to its presence in many natural substances. Hence, the potential of the pyrazole derivatives as antitumor agents has been explored in many investigations, showing promising results in some cases. In this sense, breast cancer, which is already the leading cause of cancer mortality in women in some countries, has been the topic selected for this review, which covers a range of different research from the earliest studies published in 2003 to the most recent ones in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ardevines
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Reaction of 7α-bromo-6-nitrocholest-5-enes with hydrazine: Formation of steroidal pyrazolines and molecular docking against SARS-CoV-2 omicron protease. Steroids 2022; 188:109120. [PMID: 36208699 PMCID: PMC9532268 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports simple and effective protocol for preparing 6α-nitro-5α-cholestano[7α,5-cd] pyrazolines (4-7) by the reaction of 7α-bromo-6-nitrocholest-5-enes (1-3) with hydrazine hydrate under reflux [the substrate (2) gave products (5) and (6) and the later on acetylation with AC2O/Py gave (7)]. In the case of reaction of 3β-hydroxy analogue (3) with hydrazine, however, 6α-nitro-5α-cholestano [3α,5-cd] pyrazoline (8) and 6α-nitro-3β, 5-oxido-5β-cholestane (9) were obtained. The probable mechanism of the formation of pyrazolines has also been outlined. In the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 scenario, the in-silico study was performed with reactants (1-3), their products (4-9) against SARS-CoV-2 omicron protease (PDB ID:7T9L) for knowing significant interactions between them. Docking results give information that both reactants and products have binding energies ranges from -5.7 to 7.7 kcal/mol and strong interactions with various hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids such as ASP, PRO, PHE, SER and LEU which are significant residues playing important role in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron main protease (Mpro).
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8
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Novel 4-Azapregnene Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and Molecular Docking Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186126. [PMID: 36144856 PMCID: PMC9501232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 21E-arylidene-4-azapregn-5-ene steroids has been successfully designed, synthesized and structurally characterized, and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated in four different cell lines. Within this group, the 21E-(pyridin-3-yl)methylidene derivative exhibited significant cytotoxic activity in hormone-dependent cells LNCaP (IC50 = 10.20 µM) and T47-D cells (IC50 = 1.33 µM). In PC-3 androgen-independent cells, the steroid 21E-p-nitrophenylidene-4-azapregn-5-ene was the most potent of this series (IC50 = 3.29 µM). Considering these results, the 21E-(pyridin-3-yl)methylidene derivative was chosen for further biological studies on T47-D and LNCaP cells, and it was shown that this azasteroid seems to lead T47-D cells to apoptotic death. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed to explore the affinity of these 4-azapregnene derivatives to several steroid targets, namely 5α-reductase type 2, estrogen receptor α, androgen receptor and CYP17A1. In general, compounds presented higher affinity to 5α-reductase type 2 and estrogen receptor α.
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9
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Çapan İ, Sert Y, Shehu A, Koca İ, Servi S. Synthesis, DFT study, molecular docking and drug-likeness analysis of the heteroaryl substituted new pregnenolone derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Shailesh M, Singh AK. An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Steroidal Schiff Bases and their Cytotoxic Activity. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Çapan İ, Shehu A, Sert Y, Çelik İ, Erol M, Koca İ, Servi S. Synthesis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and evaluation of Drug-Likeness properties of the fused N-Formyl pyrazoline substituted new dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2492-2503. [PMID: 35132941 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2034667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The hybrid molecules bearing heterocyclic structures in the A or D rings of steroids have significant biological activity. 16 (E)-Hetereoarylidene steroids were synthesized from the reaction of different heteroaromatic carbaldehydes and trans-Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in a basic medium. Then, synthesis of the N-formyl pyrazoline substituted new DHEA derivatives were carried out from the reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 16 (E)-hetereoarylidene steroids. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. To investigate the activation pathway of synthesized N-formyl pyrazoline substituted steroid derivatives, a molecular docking study was performed on human cytochrome P450-(CYP17A1: PDB ID 5IRQ) with the help of the free AutoDock Vina. 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation process was performed to monitor the behavior of the complex structure formed by CYP17A1 and to calculate the stability over time of 2a and 2d (-9.8 kcal/mol), which gave the lowest value according to the results obtained in the molecular docking study with AutoDock Vina. Accordingly, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA analyzes of 2a and 2d were performed, and MMPBSA was calculated. Lastly, the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) analyses of the novel steroid derivatives were investigated.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Çapan
- Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational College, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdulmalik Shehu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Sert
- Sorgun Vocational School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - İsmail Çelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Meryem Erol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İrfan Koca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Servi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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Yuan C, Ning X, Gao T, Zeng Z, Lee K, Xing Y, Sun S, Wang G. [3+2] Cycloaddition of Nitrile Imines with 3‐Benzylidene Succinimides: A Facile Access to Functionalized Spiropyrazolines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy Hubei University of Science and Technology 437100 Xianning P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ning
- School of Pharmacy Hubei University of Science and Technology 437100 Xianning P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 P. R. China
| | - Tao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 P. R. China
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Chemistry William Paterson University of New Jersey Wayne 07470 New Jersey
| | - Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry William Paterson University of New Jersey Wayne 07470 New Jersey
| | - Shaofa Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 P. R. China
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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Cai X, Sha F, Zhao C, Zheng Z, Zhao S, Zhu Z, Zhu H, Chen J, Chen Y. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of novel steroidal chalcones with 3β-pregnenolone ester derivatives in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Steroids 2021; 171:108830. [PMID: 33836205 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To identify new potential anti-inflammatory agents, we herein report the synthesis of novel steroidal chalcones with 3β-pregnenolone esters of cinnamic acid derivatives using pregnenolone as the starting material. The structures of the newly synthesised compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and infrared imaging. All the derivatives were examined to determine their in vitro anti-inflammatory profiles against LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells; the derivates were evaluated by the quantification of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in the cell culture supernatant based on the Griess reaction, which measures nitrite levels, followed by an in vitro cytotoxicity study. Among these novel derivatives, compound 11e [3β-3-phenyl acrylate-pregn-5-en-17β-yl-3' -(p-fluoro)-phenylprop-2'-en-1'-one] was identified as the most potent anti-inflammatory agent, which showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediator NO in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. Moreover, compound 11e markedly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Further studies confirmed that compound 11e significantly suppressed the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in activated RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular docking study revealed the strong binding affinity of compound 11e to the active site of the pro-inflammatory proteins, which confirmed that compound 11e acted as an anti-inflammatory mediator. These results indicated that steroidal chalcones with 3β-pregnenolone esters of cinnamic acid derivatives might be considered for further research in the design of anti-inflammatory drugs, and compound 11e might be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Sha
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Huide Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Antiproliferative and antimetastatic characterization of an exo-heterocyclic androstane derivative against human breast cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111728. [PMID: 34020244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer in general, and specifically gynaecological neoplasms, represents a major public health issue worldwide. Based on the effect of sex hormones on breast tumorigenesis and prognosis, as well as on the development of breast cancer metastases, modification of the steroid skeleton is a hotspot of research for novel anticancer agents. Numerous recent studies support that minor modifications of the androstane skeleton yield potent antiproliferative and antimetastatic drug candidates. The aim of the present study was to assess the antitumor and antimetastatic properties, as well as the mechanism of action of a D-ring-modified exo-heterocyclic androstadiene derivative named 17APAD. The test compound was found to be highly selective towards human breast cancer-derived cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-231) compared to non-cancerous fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3), and exerted superior effect compared to the clinically applied reference drug cisplatin. Changes in MCF-7- and MDA-MB-231 cell morphology and membrane integrity induced by the test substance were assessed by fluorescent double staining. Cell cycle disturbances were analyzed by flow cytometry, and concentration-dependent alterations were detected on breast cancer cell lines. Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by the test compound was demonstrated by JC-1 staining. Inhibitory effects on metastasis formation, including the inhibition of migration, invasion and intravasation were investigated in 2D and 3D models. Significant anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were detected after 24 h exposure in 2D wound healing and Boyden-chamber assays. The anti-intravasative properties of 17APAD were evident after 4 h of incubation in a co-culture 3D circular chemorepellent-induced defects (CCID) assay, and the level of inhibition at concentrations ≥2 µM was comparable to that exerted by the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor defactinib. Single cell mass cytometry revealed that chemosensitive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 cells engaged to apoptosis were less positive for EGFR, CD274, and CD326, while the percentage of cells positive for GLUT1, MCT4, Pan-Keratin, CD66(a,c,e), Galectin-3 and TMEM45A increased in response to 17APAD treatment. Finally, the novel androstane analogue 17APAD had an outstanding inhibitory effect on tumour growth in the 4T1 orthotopic murine breast cancer model in vivo after 2 weeks of intraperitoneal administration. These findings support that substitution of the androsta-5,16-diene framework with a N-containing heterocyclic moiety at C17 position yields a molecular entity rational to be considered for design and synthesis of novel, effective antitumor agents, and 17APAD is worth further investigation as a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Parulava MJ, Kotovshchikov YN, Latyshev GV, Sokolova DV, Beletskaya IP, Lukashev NV. Synthesis of novel cytotoxic 3-azolylsteroids via Cu-catalyzed C–N coupling. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Parulava MJ, Kotovshchikov YN, Latyshev GV, Sokolova DV, Beletskaya IP, Lukashev NV. Synthesis of novel cytotoxic 3-azolylsteroids via Cu-catalyzed C–N coupling. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li QS, Shen BN, Zhang Z, Luo S, Ruan BF. Discovery of Anticancer Agents from 2-Pyrazoline-Based Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:940-962. [PMID: 32141413 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200306120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic structural units, the substituted pyrazole derivatives have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, especially 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles that also commonly known as 2-pyrazolines. Since 2010, considerable studies have been found that the 2-pyrazoline derivatives possess potent anticancer activities. In the present review, it covers the pyrazoline derivatives reported by literature from 2010 till date (2010-2019). This review aims to establish the relationship between the anticancer activities variation and different substituents introduced into a 2-pyrazoline core, which could provide important pharmacophore clues for the discovery of new anticancer agents containing 2-pyrazoline scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bang-Nian Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuying Luo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
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Highlights on Steroidal Arylidene Derivatives as a Source of Pharmacologically Active Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072032. [PMID: 33918373 PMCID: PMC8038301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids constitute a unique class of chemical compounds, playing an important role in physiopathological processes, and have high pharmacological interest. Additionally, steroids have been associated with a relatively low toxicity and high bioavailability. Nowadays, multiple steroidal derivatives are clinically available for the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, different structural modifications on their skeleton have been explored, aiming to develop compounds with new and improved pharmacological properties. Thus, steroidal arylidene derivatives emerged as a relevant example of these modifications. This family of compounds has been mainly described as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and aromatase inhibitors, as well as neuroprotective and anticancer agents. Besides, due to their straightforward preparation and intrinsic chemical reactivity, steroidal arylidene derivatives are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of other compounds, particularly bearing heterocyclic systems. In fact, starting from arylidenesteroids, it was possible to develop bioactive steroidal pyrazolines, pyrazoles, pyrimidines, pyridines, spiro-pyrrolidines, amongst others. Most of these products have also been studied as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, as well as 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of steroidal arylidene derivatives described in the literature, highlighting their bioactivities and importance as synthetic intermediates for other pharmacologically active compounds.
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Mor S, Khatri M, Punia R, Sindhu S. Recent Progress on Anticancer Agents Incorporating Pyrazole Scaffold. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:115-163. [PMID: 33823764 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210325115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search of new anticancer agents is considered as a dynamic field of medicinal chemistry. In recent years, the synthesis of compounds with anticancer potential has increased and a large number of structurally varied compounds displaying potent anticancer activities have been published. Pyrazole is an important biologically active scaffold that possessed nearly all types of biological activities. The aim of this review is to collate literature work reported by researchers to provide an overview on in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of pyrazole based derivatives among the diverse biological activities displayed by them and also presents recent efforts made on this heterocyclic moiety regarding anticancer activities. This review has been driven from the increasing number of publications, on this issue, which have been reported in the literature since the ending of the 20th century (from 1995-to date).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Mor
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Mohini Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Ravinder Punia
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Suchita Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
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Magini M, Bitla S, Puchakayala MR, Birudaraju S, Dhanavath R, Raju Atcha K. An efficient (TBA)2S2O8 catalyzed regioselective solvent-free one-pot synthesis of fully substituted pyrazoles. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Elattar KM, El‐Mekabaty A. Heterocyclic steroids: Synthetic routes and biological characteristics of steroidal fused bicyclic pyrimidines. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Ahmed El‐Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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Kankala S, Rama KR, Kesari C, Björkling F, Nerella S, Gundepaka P, Guguloth H, Thota N. Synthesis of novel fluorophenylpyrazole-picolinamide derivatives and determination of their anticancer activity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1791341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koteshwar Rao Rama
- Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chekrapani Kesari
- Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Srinivas Nerella
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Prasad Gundepaka
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTU, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hanmanthu Guguloth
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Niranjan Thota
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hou Q, Lin X, Lu X, Bai C, Wei H, Luo G, Xiang H. Discovery of novel steroidal-chalcone hybrids with potent and selective activity against triple-negative breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115763. [PMID: 32992255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel steroidal-chalcone derivates were designed and synthesized based on the molecular hybridization strategy and further evaluated for their growth inhibitory activity against three human cancer cell lines. The MTT results indicated that most compounds were apparently more sensitive to human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Compounds 8 and 18 exerted the best cytotoxic activity against triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells with the IC50 values of 0.42 μM and 0.52 μM respectively, which were 23-fold increase or more compared with 5-Fu. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that compound 8 could induce cells apoptosis through regulating Bcl-2/Bax proteins and activating caspase-3 signaling pathway. Moreover, compound 8 could upregulate the cellular ROS levels which accelerated the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, interestingly, cell cycle assay showed that compound 8 could arrest MDA-MB-231 cells at S phase but not commonly anticipated G2/M phase. These evidences fully confirmed that compound 8 could be a potential candidate that deserves further development as an antitumor agent against triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Hanlin Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Guoshun Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Hua Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Matiadis D, Sagnou M. Pyrazoline Hybrids as Promising Anticancer Agents: An Up-to-Date Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5507. [PMID: 32752126 PMCID: PMC7432644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolines are five-membered heterocycles possessing two adjacent nitrogens. They have attracted significant attention from organic and medicinal chemists due to their potent biological activities and the numerous possibilities for structural diversification. In the last decade, they have been intensively studied as targets for potential anticancer therapeutics, producing a steady yearly rise in the number of published research articles. Many pyrazoline derivatives have shown remarkable cytotoxic activities in the form of heterocyclic or non-heterocyclic based hybrids, such as with coumarins, triazoles, and steroids. The enormous amount of related literature in the last 5 years prompted us to collect all these published data from screening against cancer cell lines, or protein targets like EGFR and structure activity relationship studies. Therefore, in the present review, a comprehensive account of the compounds containing the pyrazoline nucleus will be provided. The chemical groups and the structural modifications responsible for the activity will be highlighted. Moreover, emphasis will be given on recent examples from the literature and on the work of research groups that have played a key role in the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Matiadis
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, 153 10 Athens, Greece;
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Abstract
Steroidal pyrazolines constitute an interesting and promising scaffold for drug discovery as they display diverse chemical reactivity and a wide range of biological activities. Literature reports indicate potent anticancer potential of steroidal pyrazolines along with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Strong neuroprotective effects with steroids possessing pyrazoline moiety have also been observed. Among all the therapeutically active steroidal pyrazolines, D-ring-substituted derivatives are highly potent and the least toxic. The current and futuristic research approaches in this area are focused towards the exploration of this promising scaffold to develop molecules with widespread pharmacological activities. This review article mainly covers the synthetic and pharmacological aspects of steroidal pyrazolines, which will assist the medicinal chemists working in this area in their scientific endeavors.
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Two Series of Novel A-Ring Fused Steroidal Pyrazines as Potential Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051665. [PMID: 32121303 PMCID: PMC7084598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly, different heterocyclic systems have been introduced into the steroid nucleus to significantly enhance the antitumor activities of steroid molecules. However, in this study, few literature precedents describing the pyrazine heterocyclic-condensed modification to an A-ring of steroid monomers were found, although the pyrazine group is thought to be essential for the potent anticancer activity of clinically relevant drugs and natural steroid dimers. METHODS AND RESULTS Two series of novel A-ring fused steroidal pyrazines were designed and efficiently synthesized from commercially available progesterone via key α-ketoenol intermediates. Through a cell counting kit-8 cytotoxic assay of 36 derivatives for three tumor cells, 14 compounds displayed significant antiproliferative activity compared to 5-fluorouracil, especially for human prostatic tumor cells (PC-3) in vitro. Further mechanistic studies indicated that the most active compound, 12n (IC50, 0.93 μM; SI, 28.71), could induce the cell apoptosis of PC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner and cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. The molecular docking study suggested that compound 12n fitted the active sites of cytochrome P450 17A1 (6CIZ) well. CONCLUSIONS 12n might serve as a promising lead compound for the development of novel anticancer drugs. This facile ring-closing strategy may provide a novel and promising avenue for the cycloaddition reaction of the steroidal skeleton through α-ketoenol intermediates.
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Mohamed SA, El-Kady DS, Abd-Rabou AA, Tantawy MA, AbdElhalim MM, Elazabawy SR, Abdallah AEM, Elmegeed GA. Synthesis of novel hybrid hetero-steroids: Molecular docking study augmented anti-proliferative properties against cancerous cells. Steroids 2020; 154:108527. [PMID: 31676306 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hetero-steroids, hybrid anticancer agents, have received much interest in view of their numerous and promising biological activities. In this study, a novel class of hetero-steroids were synthesized, analytical and spectral data proved the validity of the novel synthesized steroid derivatives. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17 were evaluated using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) and non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The synthesized compounds reported a remarkable gradual decrease in the cell viability of the three tested cancer cell lines. It was observed that compounds 2 and 12 had the lowest IC50s and the highest cytotoxic effects against all tested cell lines. As attempt to explain the cytotoxic activity achieved by the tested compounds in the in vitro study, molecular simulation was done to reveal the activity of the tested compounds against four different proteins (CDK2, CYP19, JAK2, and BCL2) which are highly implicated in cancer regulation and progression. We found that compound 2, and 12 were the best docked compounds against all tested receptors, which was indicated by lowest binding energy compared to reference ligand. Interestingly enough, our molecular study was in agreement with the cytotoxic activity. As future prospective, we are recommending further study on compounds 2, and 12 against the four different proteins to prove their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina S El-Kady
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat M AbdElhalim
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samia R Elazabawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira E M Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Elmegeed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Li G, Henry SA, Liu H, Kang TS, Nao SC, Zhao Y, Wu C, Jin J, Zhang JT, Leung CH, Wai Hong Chan P, Ma DL. A robust photoluminescence screening assay identifies uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitors against prostate cancer. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1750-1760. [PMID: 34123270 PMCID: PMC8148385 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers have developed resistance to 5-FU, due to removal by the enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG), a type of base excision repair enzyme (BER) that can excise uracil and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from DNA. However, the development of UDG inhibitor screening methods, especially for the rapid and efficient screening of natural product/natural product-like compounds, is still limited so far. We developed herein a robust time-resolved photoluminescence method for screening UDG inhibitors, which could significantly improve sensitivity over the screening method based on the conventional steady-state spectroscopy, reducing the substantial fluorescence background interference. As a proof-of-concept, two potential UDG inhibitors were identified from a database of natural products and approved drugs. Co-treatment of these two compounds with 5-FU showed synergistic cytotoxicity, providing the basis for treating drug-resistant cancers. Overall, this method provides an avenue for the rapid screening of small molecule regulators of other BER enzyme activities that can avoid false negatives arising from the background fluorescence. The discovery of UDG inhibitors against prostate cancer by using a robust photoluminescence screening assay that can avoid false negatives arising from the background fluorescence.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau
| | | | - Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - Tian-Shu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau
| | - Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau
| | - Yichao Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - Jianwen Jin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Jia-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK.,School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
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Shamim F, Kanwal, Khan FA, Taha M, Khan KM, Arshia. Synthesis and in vitro anti-proliferative capabilities of steroidal thiazole and indole derivatives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cai X, Zhao S, Cai D, Zheng J, Zhu Z, Wei D, Zheng Z, Zhu H, Chen Y. Synthesis and evaluation of novel D-ring substituted steroidal pyrazolines as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Steroids 2019; 146:70-78. [PMID: 30951758 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To identify new potential anti-inflammatory agents, a number of novel steroidal derivatives with nitrogen heterocyclic side chains 4a-4l were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The synthesis scheme involves two steps, Claisen-Schmidt condensation with the corresponding pregnenolone and aromatic aldehydes as the first step followed by nucleophilic addition of thiosemicarbazide across an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl as a later step. Compound structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and IR. The compounds were assayed to test their anti-inflammatory effects in activated RAW 264.7 cells. Compound 4g, 3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-17β-yl-5'-(m-fluorophenyl)-4', 5'-dihydro-1'-carbothioic acid amido pyrazole, was identified as the most potent anti-inflammatory agent of the analysed compounds, with an IC50 value of 0.86 µM on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells for 24 h compared to dexamethasone (IC50 = 0.62 µM) and low cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells. Compound 4g significantly inhibited NO produced by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Further studies showed that compound 4g markedly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that derivatives bearing pyrazoline structure might be considered for further research and scaffold optimization in designing anti-inflammatory drugs and compound 4g might be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - De Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Duncan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Huide Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Zafar A, Singh S, Ahmad S, Khan S, Imran Siddiqi M, Naseem I. Interaction of C20-substituted derivative of pregnenolone acetate with copper (II) leads to ROS generation, DNA cleavage and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells: Therapeutic potential of copper chelation for cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:276-290. [PMID: 30908970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in developing countries. Therefore, development of new chemotherapeutic agents is required. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells contain elevated copper levels which play an integral role in angiogenesis. Thus, targeting copper via copper-specific chelators in cancer cells can serve as effective anticancer strategy. In this work, a copper chelator pregnenolone acetate nucleus-based tetrazole derivative (ligand-L) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. DNA binding ability of ligand-L was studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies reveal that quenching constant of ligand-l-DNA and ligand-L-Cu(II) were found to be 7.4 × 103 M-1 and 8.8 × 103 M-1, respectively. In vitro toxicity of ligand-L was studied on human cervical cancer C33A cancer cells. Results showed that ligand-L exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer C33A cells with IC50 value 5.0 ± 1.8 µM. Further, it was found that ligand-L cytotoxicity is due to redox cycling of copper to generate ROS which leads to DNA damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, this is the report where we synthesized pregnenolone acetate-based tetrazole derivative against C33A cells that targets cellular copper to induce pro-oxidant death in cancer cells. These findings will provide significant insights into the development of new chemical molecules with better copper chelating and pro-oxidant properties against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnendra Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Sabahuddin Ahmad
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saman Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ali EMH, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Oh CH. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry: Recent advances. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1159-1194. [PMID: 30826188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine scaffold is a fused heterocyclic ring system that structurally can be considered as adenine, the purine base that is found in both DNA and RNA-bioisosteres. Thienopyrimidines exist in three distinct isomeric forms. The current review discusses thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a one of the opulent heterocycles in drug discovery. Its broad range of medical applications such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and CNS protective agents has inspired us to study its structure-activity relationship (SAR), along with its relevant synthetic strategies. The present review briefly summarizes synthetic approaches for the preparation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, the promising biological activities of this scaffold are also illustrated with explanatory diagrams for their SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M H Ali
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Khan SA, Asiri AM, Zayed MEM, Parveen H, Aqlan FMS, Sharma K. Microwave‐assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Density Functional Theory Study of Biologically Active Ferrocenyl Bis‐pyrazoline and Bis‐pyrimidine as Organometallic Macromolecules. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salman A. Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR)King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohie E. M. Zayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Tabuk Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M. S. Aqlan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceJeddah University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamlesh Sharma
- Department of Applied Science, School of Engineering and TechnologyThe NorthCap University Sector 23A Gurgaon 122017 Haryana India
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Elhinnawi MA, Mohareb RM, Rady HM, Khalil WKB, Abd Elhalim MM, Elmegeed GA. Novel pregnenolone derivatives modulate apoptosis via Bcl-2 family genes in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:125-136. [PMID: 29898413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of pregnenolone derivatives were synthesized and assessed for anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The synthesized hetero-steroids (compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8a and 8b) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Apoptotic activity was assessed using dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method and DNA fragmentation assay. Pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bak) and anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were analyzed using quantitative real time PCR. The results revealed that compounds 4 and 6 displayed cytotoxic activity (IC50s, 36.97 ± 2.18 and 18.46 ± 0.64 μM, respectively), while compounds 5 and 7 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity (IC50s, 93.87 ± 8.30 μM and 93.48 ± 4.14 μM, respectively). All synthesized heterocyclic pregnenolone derivatives induced apoptosis through DNA fragmentation. Compounds 4 and 6 increased early and late apoptotic cell percentages while compounds 3, 5, 7 and 8b increased either early or late apoptotic cell percentage. Moreover, compounds 3, 6 and 8b up-regulated the expression level of Bak gene. On the other hand, compounds 4, 5, 7 and 8a down-regulated the Bcl-2 expression level, besides, compounds 5, 7 and 8a down-regulated the Bcl-xL expression level. Compounds 5, 7, 8a and 8b increased the Bak/Bcl-xL ratio, besides, compound 8a raised the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio whereas compound 5 elevated Bax/Bcl-2 and Bak/Bcl-2 ratios. The present work introduced novel pro-apoptotic pregnenolone derivatives that acted against HepG2 cells through DNA fragmentation, apoptotic morphological changes and were able to increase the pro-apoptotic/anti-apoptotic ratios of Bcl-2 family genes. This study particularly revealed that the cytotoxic compound 4 is the most promising pro-apoptotic compound among other synthesized derivatives where it induced apoptosis (late and early) through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafat M Mohareb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Rady
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Gamal A Elmegeed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Scherbakov AM, Zavarzin IV, Vorontsova SK, Hajra A, Andreeva OE, Yadykov AV, Levina IS, Volkova YA, Shirinian VZ. Synthesis and evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of benzylidenes of 16-dehydroprogesterone series. Steroids 2018; 138:91-101. [PMID: 29997047 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel benzylidenes (chalcones) of the 16-dehydroprogesterone series have been characterized and their antitumor activity against two breast cancer cell lines was evaluated. Benzylidenes exhibit significant antiproliferative effect on cells and inhibit cell growth in hormone-dependent MCF-7 and hormone-independent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Compound 3d exhibits the highest activity against two breast cancer cell lines, with the IC50 value of about 2 µM. Compounds 3e,m,n display considerable selectivity for hormone-dependent breast cancer cells, with the IC50 value lower than 6 µM. Moreover, these steroidal benzylidenes regulate ERα signaling and reveal p53-independent mechanism of pro-apoptotic action in MCF-7 cells. The new class of antitumor compounds holds promise as the basis for the design of agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Scherbakov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor V Zavarzin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Svetlana K Vorontsova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, India.
| | - Olga E Andreeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Inna S Levina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Volkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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D'yakonov VA, Tuktarova RA, Dzhemileva LU, Ishmukhametova SR, Yunusbaeva MM, Dzhemilev UM. Catalytic cyclometallation in steroid chemistry VI: Targeted synthesis of hybrid molecules based on steroids and tetradeca-5Z,9Z-diene-1,14-dicarboxylic acid and study of their antitumor activity. Steroids 2018; 138:6-13. [PMID: 29890176 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid molecules based on a number of steroids (cholesterol, pregnenolone, androsterone) and 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienedicarboxylic acid linked via mono- and diethylene glycol spacers were synthesized for the first time and studied for antitumor activity in vitro. The acid was prepared using catalytic cyclomagnesiation of oxygenated 1,2-dienes with Grignard reagent in the presence of Cp2TiCl2 as the key synthetic step. Using flow cytometry, the new molecules were shown for the first time to be efficient apoptosis inducers in the HeLa, Hek293, U937, Jurkat, and K562 cell cultures and to have dose-dependent effect on the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Regina A Tuktarova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana R Ishmukhametova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Milyausha M Yunusbaeva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
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38
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Sadraei SI, St Onge B, Trant JF. Recent advances in the application of carbohydrates as renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbohydrates, in the form of chitin, chitosan and cellulose, are one of the most available, renewable, and sustainable chemical feedstocks. Their conversion to biofuels, fine chemicals, and industrially-relevant monomers is becoming increasingly viable and promising as innovation decreases the price of this technology, and climate change and the price of fossil fuels increases the social and economic costs of using traditional feedstocks. In recent years, carbohydrates have been increasingly used as sources for nitrogen-containing fine chemicals. This chapter, with 86 references, provides a brief overview of the conversion of carbohydrate biomass to the standard hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing derivatives, and then provides a survey of recent progress in converting the biopolymers, and the derived mono and di-saccharides, into nitrogen-containing molecules with a special focus on N-heterocycle synthesis for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Iraj Sadraei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Ave. , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Brent St Onge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Ave. , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Ave. , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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39
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Gyovai A, Minorics R, Kiss A, Mernyák E, Schneider G, Szekeres A, Kerekes E, Ocsovszki I, Zupkó I. Antiproliferative Properties of Newly Synthesized 19-Nortestosterone Analogs Without Substantial Androgenic Activity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:825. [PMID: 30100876 PMCID: PMC6072853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
19-Nortestosterone C-17 epimers with prominent antiproliferative properties have been previously described. In our present study, five novel 17α-19-nortestosterones (3-7) were synthesized to increase their beneficial biological activities with no associated undesired hormonal effects. The compounds were screened by a viability assay against a panel of human adherent gynecological cancer cell lines. Three of the tested derivatives (3-5) exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa cells with IC50 values lower than that of our reference agent cisplatin (CIS). These three active agents also displayed considerable cancer selectivity as evidenced by their weaker growth inhibitory effect on non-cancerous fibroblast cells compared to CIS. The most potent newly synthesized 17α-chloro derivative (3) was selected for additional experiments in order to characterize its mechanism of action. Since nandrolone (19-nortestosterone, 1) is a structural analog with selective antiproliferative action on cervical carcinoma cells, it was utilized as a positive control in these studies. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay demonstrated a moderate cytotoxic effect of the test compounds. Cell cycle disturbance and the elevation of the hypodiploid population elicited by the test agents were detected by flow cytometry following propidium staining. The proapoptotic effects of the tested steroids were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy and a caspase-3 activity assay. Treatment-related caspase-9 activation without a substantial change in caspase-8 activity indicates the induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The selected agents directly influence the rate of tubulin assembly as evidenced by a polymerization assay. Yeast-based reporter gene assay revealed that the androgenic activity of the novel 19-nortestosterone derivative 3 is by multiple orders of magnitude weaker than that of the reference agent 1. Based on the behavior of the examined compounds it can be concluded that a halogen substitution of the 19-nortestosterone scaffold at the 17α position may produce compounds with unique biological activities. The results of the present study support that structurally modified steroids with negligible hormonal activity are a promising basis for the research and development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gyovai
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Ansari A, Ali A, Asif M, Rauf MA, Owais M. Facile one-pot multicomponent synthesis and molecular docking studies of steroidal oxazole/thiazole derivatives with effective antimicrobial, antibiofilm and hemolytic properties. Steroids 2018; 134:22-36. [PMID: 29653115 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of steroidal oxazole and thiazole derivatives have been synthesized employing thiosemicarbazide/semicarbazide hydrochloride and ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate with a simple and facile one-pot multicomponent reaction pathway. The antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized compounds were evaluated against four bacterial strains namely Gram-negative (Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) in addition to pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). Bioactivity assay manifested that most of the compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity. To provide additional insight into antimicrobial activity, the compounds were also tested for their antibiofilm activity against S. aureus biofilm. Moreover, molecular docking study shows binding of compounds with amino acid residues of DNA gyrase and glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (promising antimicrobial target) through hydrogen bonding interactions. Hemolytic activity have been also investigated to ascertain the effect of compounds over RBC lysis and results indicate good prospects for biocompatibility. The expedient synthesis of steroidal heterocycles, effective antibacterial and antifungal behavior against various clinically relevant human pathogens, promising biocompatibility offer opportunities for further modification and potential applications as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ansari
- Steroid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India
| | - Abad Ali
- Steroid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India; Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohd Asif
- Steroid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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41
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Chávez-Riveros A, Cruz Noriega A, Ramírez Apan MT, Miranda LD, Bratoeff E. Synthesis and cytotoxic effect of pregnenolone derivatives with one or two α,β-unsaturated carbonyls and an ester moiety at C-21 or C-3. Steroids 2018; 131:37-45. [PMID: 29360536 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Four series of pregnenolone derivatives having one or two α,β-unsaturated carbonyls and an ester moiety at C-21 or C-3 were synthetized to compare their cytotoxicity effect. The final compounds were evaluated on three human cancer cell lines: PC-3 (prostate cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), SKLU-1 (lung cancer) and a noncancerous cell line HGF (human gingival fibroblast). Two steroids with a 4-fluorinated benzoic acid ester at C-21 were the most active against lung cancer cell line with IC50 of 13.1 ± 1.2 and 12.8 ± 0.5 μM and showed a low percentage of cytotoxicity for noncancerous cells (27.63 ± 2.3 and 18.39 ± 1.2% in the screening at 50 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Chávez-Riveros
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico.
| | - Abigail Cruz Noriega
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - María Teresa Ramírez Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Luis D Miranda
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Eugene Bratoeff
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
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42
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Singh R, Thota S, Bansal R. Studies on 16,17-Pyrazoline Substituted Heterosteroids as Anti-Alzheimer and Anti-Parkinsonian Agents Using LPS Induced Neuroinflammation Models of Mice and Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:272-283. [PMID: 29019394 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been reported as a neuroprotective steroid useful in the therapeutic management of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and PD. Herein we report the synthesis and evaluation of a new series of 16,17-pyrazolinyl DHEA analogues 2-4a-d as neuroprotective agents using LPS-induced neuroinflammation animal models. Treatment with the pyrazoline substituted steroids considerably improved the LPS-induced learning, memory and movement deficits in animal models. Suppression of biochemical parameters of oxidative and nitrosative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity, and TNF-α levels was also observed. 16,17-Pyrazolinyl steroids 2c-4c substituted with a 4-pyridyl moiety at the 5-position of the heterocyclic ring were found to be the most potent agents and produced neuroprotective effects better than standard drugs celecoxib and dexamethasone. Of these pyrazoline substituted steroids, the N-acetyl analogue 3c displayed neuroprotective effects better than N-phenyl (4c), which in turn showed potency more than N-unsubstituted analogue 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sridhar Thota
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Tantawy MA, Nafie MS, Elmegeed GA, Ali IA. Auspicious role of the steroidal heterocyclic derivatives as a platform for anti-cancer drugs. Bioorg Chem 2017; 73:128-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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44
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Fan NJ, Li YF, Liang S, Tang JJ. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel steroidal derivatives containing a [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14967701767003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of steroidal derivatives containing [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derived from progesterone is described. The Claisen condensations of Δ1,4-pregnadien-3,20-dione and 4-chloro-Δ1,4-pregnadien-3,20-dione with dimethyl oxalate afforded 21-methoxalylpregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione and 4-chloro-21-methoxalylpregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, respectively. Furthermore, the reactions of these compounds with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole yielded the corresponding [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated in vitro by means of sulforhodamine B assays for antiproliferative activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Juan Fan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Platform, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-feng Li
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Platform, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Platform, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Tang
- Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bio-resource Chemistry and Sustainable Utilization, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
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45
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Xia AB, Zhang XL, Tang CK, Feng KX, Du XH, Xu DQ. One-pot asymmetric synthesis of a spiro[dihydrofurocoumarin/pyrazolone] scaffold by a Michael addition/I 2-mediated cyclization sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650044 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric formal one-pot reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarins with unsaturated pyrazolones has been developed by merging a chiral bifunctional organocatalyst with molecular iodine, which furnished a series of optically active spiro[dihydrofurocoumarin/pyrazolone] heterocycles with spiro quaternary stereogenic centers in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99%) with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99 : 1 dr) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The application in the gram-scale synthesis of chiral spiro[dihydrofurocoumarin/pyrazolone] compounds was also successfully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Bao Xia
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Cheng-Ke Tang
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Kai-Xiang Feng
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Du
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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46
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Maurya SW, Dev K, Singh KB, Rai R, Siddiqui IR, Singh D, Maurya R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic analogues of pregnenolone as novel anti-osteoporotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1390-1396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activities of Schiff bases are of cholesterol. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Naeimi H, Shaabani R. Ultrasound promoted facile one pot synthesis of triazole derivatives catalyzed by functionalized graphene oxide Cu(I) complex under mild conditions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:246-254. [PMID: 27773242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile one pot three component reaction of alkyl halides, sodium azide with terminal alkynes can be catalyzed by functionalized graphene oxide copper (I) complex under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. In this protocol, the 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were afforded as target pure products in excellent yields and short reaction times. The prepared catalyst has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Also, the catalyst is chemoselective and stable and can be reused several times without any appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Naeimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Rahele Shaabani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Islamic Republic of Iran
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49
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Fan NJ, Tang JJ, Li YF, He QR, Liang S. Synthesis of 17β-N-Phenylpyrazolyl Steroidal Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Effect on Cell Proliferation. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Arenas-González A, Mendez-Delgado LA, Merino-Montiel P, Padrón JM, Montiel-Smith S, Vega-Báez JL, Meza-Reyes S. Synthesis of monomeric and dimeric steroids containing [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Steroids 2016; 116:13-19. [PMID: 27692994 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of several monomeric and dimeric steroidal [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (TPs) derived from steroids are described. These derivatives were prepared from α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds through a Claisen Schmidt condensation and rearrangement of the spiro moiety followed by a cycloaddition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. The antiproliferative activity of compounds 7, 13-15 was tested against human cancer cells; several IG50 values were below 10μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailed Arenas-González
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Mendez-Delgado
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, C/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - José Luis Vega-Báez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico.
| | - Socorro Meza-Reyes
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico.
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