1
|
Atomic force microscopy reveals how relative humidity impacts the Young’s modulus of lignocellulosic polymers and their adhesion with cellulose nanocrystals at the nanoscale. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:1064-1075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
2
|
Herrmann A, Sieben C. Single-virus force spectroscopy unravels molecular details of virus infection. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:620-32. [PMID: 25923471 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection is a multistep process that has significant effects on the structure and function of both the virus and the host cell. The first steps of virus replication include cell binding, entry and release of the viral genome. Single-virus force spectroscopy (SVFS) has become a promising tool to understand the molecular details of those steps. SVFS data complemented by biochemical and biophysical, including theoretical modeling approaches provide valuable insights into molecular events that accompany virus infection. Properties of virus-cell interaction as well as structural alterations of the virus essential for infection can be investigated on a quantitative level. Here we review applications of SVFS to virus binding, structure and mechanics. We demonstrate that SVFS offers unexpected new insights not accessible by other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Preiner J, Kodera N, Tang J, Ebner A, Brameshuber M, Blaas D, Gelbmann N, Gruber HJ, Ando T, Hinterdorfer P. IgGs are made for walking on bacterial and viral surfaces. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4394. [PMID: 25008037 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of antibodies to their cognate antigens is fundamental for adaptive immunity. Molecular engineering of antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes emerges to be one of the major technologies in combating many human diseases. Despite its importance, a detailed description of the nanomechanical process of antibody-antigen binding and dissociation on the molecular level is lacking. Here we utilize high-speed atomic force microscopy to examine the dynamics of antibody recognition and uncover a principle; antibodies do not remain stationary on surfaces of regularly spaced epitopes; they rather exhibit 'bipedal' stochastic walking. As monovalent Fab fragments do not move, steric strain is identified as the origin of short-lived bivalent binding. Walking antibodies gather in transient clusters that might serve as docking sites for the complement system and/or phagocytes. Our findings could inspire the rational design of antibodies and multivalent receptors to exploit/inhibit steric strain-induced dynamic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Preiner
- 1] Center for Advanced Bioanalysis, A-4020 Linz, Austria [2] Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Jilin Tang
- Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Changchun 5625, China
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Brameshuber
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Blaas
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Gelbmann
- 1] Department for NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria [2]
| | - Hermann J Gruber
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Toshio Ando
- 1] Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan [2] Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- 1] Center for Advanced Bioanalysis, A-4020 Linz, Austria [2] Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leitner M, Fantner GE, Fantner EJ, Ivanova K, Ivanov T, Rangelow I, Ebner A, Rangl M, Tang J, Hinterdorfer P. Increased imaging speed and force sensitivity for bio-applications with small cantilevers using a conventional AFM setup. Micron 2012; 43:1399-407. [PMID: 22721963 PMCID: PMC3430863 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the increased performance in speed and sensitivity achieved by the use of small AFM cantilevers on a standard AFM system. For this, small rectangular silicon oxynitride cantilevers were utilized to arrive at faster atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging times and more sensitive molecular recognition force spectroscopy (MRFS) experiments. The cantilevers we used had lengths between 13 and 46 μm, a width of about 11 μm, and a thickness between 150 and 600 nm. They were coated with chromium and gold on the backside for a better laser reflection. We characterized these small cantilevers through their frequency spectrum and with electron microscopy. Due to their small size and high resonance frequency we were able to increase the imaging speed by a factor of 10 without any loss in resolution for images from several μm scansize down to the nanometer scale. This was shown on bacterial surface layers (s-layer) with tapping mode under aqueous, near physiological conditions and on nuclear membranes in contact mode in ambient environment. In addition, we showed that single molecular forces can be measured with an up to 5 times higher force sensitivity in comparison to conventional cantilevers with similar spring constants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leitner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Georg E. Fantner
- École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Laboratoire de bio- et nano-instrumentation, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ernest J. Fantner
- SCL-Sensortech, Tech Gate Vienna, Science and Technology Park, A-1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Katerina Ivanova
- SCL-Sensortech, Tech Gate Vienna, Science and Technology Park, A-1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Tzvetan Ivanov
- Fachgebiet für Mikro- und nanoelektronische Systeme, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, TU Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Ivo Rangelow
- Fachgebiet für Mikro- und nanoelektronische Systeme, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, TU Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Martina Rangl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Jilin Tang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, A-4020 Linz, Austria
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis (CBL), A-4020 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Unraveling the structure of microbial cells is a major challenge in current microbiology and offers exciting prospects in biomedicine. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) appears as a powerful method to image the surface ultrastructure of live cells under physiological conditions and allows real-time imaging to follow dynamic processes such as cell growth, and division and effects of drugs and chemicals. The following chapter introduces different methods of sample preparation to gain insights into the microbial cell organization. Successful strategies to immobilize microorganisms, including physical entrapment and chemical attachment, are described. This step is a key step and a prerequisite of any analysis and persists as an important limitation to the application of AFM to microbiology due to the wide diversity of microorganisms. Finally, some applications are depicted which underlie the ability of AFM to explore living microbes with unprecedented resolution.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dague E, Jauvert E, Laplatine L, Viallet B, Thibault C, Ressier L. Assembly of live micro-organisms on microstructured PDMS stamps by convective/capillary deposition for AFM bio-experiments. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:395102. [PMID: 21891839 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/39/395102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of live micro-organisms on solid substrates is an important prerequisite for atomic force microscopy (AFM) bio-experiments. The method employed must immobilize the cells firmly enough to enable them to withstand the lateral friction forces exerted by the tip during scanning but without denaturing the cell interface. In this work, a generic method for the assembly of living cells on specific areas of substrates is proposed. It consists in assembling the living cells within the patterns of microstructured, functionalized poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps using convective/capillary deposition. This versatile approach is validated by applying it to two systems of foremost importance in biotechnology and medicine: Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and Aspergillus fumigatus fungal spores. We show that this method allows multiplexing AFM nanomechanical measurements by force spectroscopy on S. cerevisiae yeasts and high-resolution AFM imaging of germinated Aspergillus conidia in buffer medium. These two examples clearly demonstrate the immense potential of micro-organism assembly on functionalized, microstructured PDMS stamps by convective/capillary deposition for performing rigorous AFM bio-experiments on living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dague
- CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alsteens D, Dague E, Verbelen C, Andre G, Dupres V, Dufrêne YF. Nanoscale imaging of microbial pathogens using atomic force microscopy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 1:168-80. [PMID: 20049788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nanoscale exploration of microbes using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an exciting research field that has expanded rapidly in the past years. Using AFM topographic imaging, investigators can visualize the surface structure of live cells under physiological conditions and with unprecedented resolution. In doing so, the effect of drugs and chemicals on the fine cell surface architecture can be monitored. Real-time imaging offers a means to follow dynamic events such as cell growth and division. In parallel, chemical force microscopy (CFM), in which AFM tips are modified with specific functional groups, allows researchers to measure interaction forces, such as hydrophobic forces, and to resolve nanoscale chemical heterogeneities on cells, on a scale of only approximately 25 functional groups. Lastly, molecular recognition imaging using spatially resolved force spectroscopy, dynamic recognition imaging or immunogold detection, enables microscopists to localize specific receptors, such as cell adhesion proteins or antibiotic binding sites. These noninvasive nanoscale analyses provide new avenues in pathogenesis research, particularly for investigating the action mode of antimicrobial drugs, and for elucidating the molecular basis of pathogen-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Alsteens
- Unité de Chimie des Interfaces, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/18, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kienberger F, Zhu R, Rankl C, Gruber HJ, Blaas D, Hinterdorfer P. Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Human Rhinovirus. Methods Enzymol 2010; 475:515-39. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)75019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Alsteens D, Pesavento E, Cheuvart G, Dupres V, Trabelsi H, Soumillion P, Dufrêne YF. Controlled manipulation of bacteriophages using single-virus force spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3063-3068. [PMID: 19769381 DOI: 10.1021/nn900778t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the site-directed manipulation of single filamentous bacteriophages, by using phage display technology and atomic force microscopy. f1 filamentous bacteriophages were genetically engineered to display His-tags on their pIX tail. Following adsorption on nitrilotriacetate-terminated surfaces, force spectroscopy with tips bearing monoclonal anti-pIII antibodies was used to pull on individual phages via their pIII head. Analysis of the force-extension profiles revealed that upon pulling, the phages are progressively straightened into an extended orientation until rupture of the anti-pIII/pIII complex. The single-virus manipulation technique presented here provides new opportunities for understanding the forces driving cell-virus and material-virus interactions, and for characterizing the binding properties of polypeptide sequences or proteins selected by the phage display technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Alsteens
- Unité de Chimie des Interfaces, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/18, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang J, Ebner A, Kraxberger B, Leitner M, Hykollari A, Kepplinger C, Grunwald C, Gruber HJ, Tampé R, Sleytr UB, Ilk N, Hinterdorfer P. Detection of metal binding sites on functional S-layer nanoarrays using single molecule force spectroscopy. J Struct Biol 2009; 168:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Cerf A, Cau JC, Vieu C, Dague E. Nanomechanical properties of dead or alive single-patterned bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5731-6. [PMID: 19334742 DOI: 10.1021/la9004642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to probe mechanical properties of living and dead bacteria via atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation experimentations. Nevertheless, the prerequisite for bioAFM study is the adhesion of the biological sample on a surface. Although AFM has now been used in microbiology for 20 years, the immobilization of micro-organisms is still challenging. Immobilizing a single cell, without the need for chemical fixation has therefore constituted our second purpose. Highly ordered arrays of single living bacteria were generated over the millimeter scale by selective adsorption of bacteria onto micrometric chemical patterns. The chemically engineered template surfaces were prepared with a microcontact printing process, and different functionalizations of the patterns by incubation were investigated. Thanks to this original immobilization strategy, the Young moduli of the same cell were measured using force spectroscopy before and after heating (45 degrees C, 20 min). The cells with a damaged membrane (after heating) present a Young modulus twice as high as that of healthy bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cerf
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wruss J, Pollheimer PD, Meindl I, Reichel A, Schulze K, Schöfberger W, Piehler J, Tampé R, Blaas D, Gruber HJ. Conformation of Receptor Adopted upon Interaction with Virus Revealed by Site-Specific Fluorescence Quenchers and FRET Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5478-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807917t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wruss
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Philipp D. Pollheimer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Irene Meindl
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Annett Reichel
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Katrin Schulze
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Dieter Blaas
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Hermann J. Gruber
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Institute of Medicinal Biochemistry, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria, Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria, and Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Multiple receptors involved in human rhinovirus attachment to live cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:17778-83. [PMID: 18997008 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806451105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Minor group human rhinoviruses (HRVs) attach to members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family and are internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The attachment of HRV2 to the cell surface, the first step in infection, was characterized at the single-molecule level by atomic force spectroscopy. Sequential binding of multiple receptors was evident from recordings of characteristic quantized force spectra, which suggests that multiple receptors bound to the virus in a timely manner. Unbinding forces required to detach the virus from the cell membrane increased within a time frame of several hundred milliseconds. The number of receptors involved in virus binding was determined, and estimates for on-rate, off-rate, and equilibrium binding constant of the interaction between HRV2 and plasma membrane-anchored receptors were obtained.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bogachek MV, Protopopova EV, Loktev VB, Zaitsev BN, Favre M, Sekatskii SK, Dietler G. Immunochemical and single molecule force spectroscopy studies of specific interaction between the laminin binding protein and the West Nile virus surface glycoprotein E domain II. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:55-62. [PMID: 18061925 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ELISA and Western blot immunochemical data attest an effective and highly specific interaction of the surface glycoprotein E domain II (DII) of the tick born encephalitis and Dengue viruses with the laminin binding protein (LBP). Based on a highly conservative structure of the DII in different flaviviruses we propose a similarly effective interaction between the LBP and the DII of the surface glycoprotein E of the West Nile virus. We report the results of studies of this interaction by immunochemical and single molecule force spectroscopy methods. The specific binding between these species is confirmed by both methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Bogachek
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology , Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Artelsmair H, Kienberger F, Tinazli A, Schlapak R, Zhu R, Preiner J, Wruss J, Kastner M, Saucedo-Zeni N, Hoelzl M, Rankl C, Baumgartner W, Howorka S, Blaas D, Gruber HJ, Tampé R, Hinterdorfer P. Atomic force microscopy-derived nanoscale chip for the detection of human pathogenic viruses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:847-854. [PMID: 18561273 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Native-protein nanolithography (NPNL) was used to fabricate stable bioactive arrays of viral receptor spots. The arrays were specific for the cognate virus and devoid of nonspecific protein and virus adsorption under physiologic conditions. The spot size ranged from 200 nm x 200 nm to 2 microm x 2 microm and up to 3 x 3 spots were arranged per array. With proper force adjustment in the patterning experiments, His(6)-tagged bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules were selectively removed from the underlying self-assembled monolayer (SAM) while leaving the latter intact. Injection of His(6)-tagged very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR-His(6)) constructs resulted in specific, oriented binding to the Ni(2+)-loaded bis-(nitrolotriacetic acid) (bis-NTA) groups to the re-exposed SAM areas. The arrays of viral receptors were used for the detection of human rhinovirus particles (serotype 2; HRV2) under native conditions by topographical imaging at high signal-to-noise ratio. The kinetic on-rate of the HRV2-VLDLR interaction was derived from the time-dependent binding of the virions to the VLDL receptor spots. No significant binding was observed for the major group virus HRV14 that uses the unrelated receptor ICAM-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helga Artelsmair
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Preiner J, Tang J, Pastushenko V, Hinterdorfer P. Higher harmonic atomic force microscopy: imaging of biological membranes in liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:046102. [PMID: 17678377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.046102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of higher harmonics to the movement of a dynamic force microscope cantilever interacting with a sample in liquid was investigated. The amplitude of the second harmonic has been found to be an order of magnitude higher in liquid than in air, reflecting an increased sensitivity to local variations in elasticity and interaction geometries. A theoretical model of the tip-sample interactions in liquid was introduced and shown to be consistent with experimental findings. Second harmonic amplitude images were recorded on soft biological samples yielding a lateral resolution of approximately 0.5 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Preiner
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tang J, Krajcikova D, Zhu R, Ebner A, Cutting S, Gruber HJ, Barak I, Hinterdorfer P. Atomic force microscopy imaging and single molecule recognition force spectroscopy of coat proteins on the surface ofBacillus subtilis spore. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:483-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Dufrêne YF. Nanoscale exploration of microbial surfaces using the atomic force microscope. Future Microbiol 2006; 1:387-96. [PMID: 17661630 DOI: 10.2217/17460913.1.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has recently opened a variety of novel possibilities for imaging and manipulating microbial surfaces in their native environment. While AFM imaging offers a means to visualize surface structures at high resolution and in physiological conditions, AFM force spectroscopy enables researchers to probe a variety of properties, including the unfolding pathways of single-membrane proteins, the elasticity of cell walls and surface macromolecules, and the molecular forces responsible for cell–cell and cell–solid interactions. These nanoscale analyses enable us to answer a number of questions that were difficult to address previously, such as: how does the surface architecture of microbes change as they grow or interact with antibiotics; what is the force required to unfold and extract a single membrane protein; and what are the molecular forces driving the interaction between a pathogen and a host or biomaterial surface? This review will expand on these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves F Dufrêne
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Unité de chimie des interfaces/Nanobio team, Croix du Sud 2/18, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shahin V. Route of glucocorticoid-induced macromolecules across the nuclear envelope as viewed by atomic force microscopy. Pflugers Arch 2006; 453:1-9. [PMID: 16736207 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-006-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are vital steroid hormones. The physiologic activities of these hydrophobic molecules predominantly require translocation of glucocorticoid-initiated macromolecules (GIMs), proteins and mRNA transcripts, in and out of the nucleus, respectively. The bidirectional transport of GIMs is mediated by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) that span the nuclear envelope at regular distances. The transport proceeds through the NPC central channel, whose interior is lined up by hydrophobic proteins. The NPC channel is assumed to dilate while hydrophobic cargos are being translocated through. Upon glucocorticoid injection into a glucocorticoid-sensitive cell, Xenopus laevis oocyte, and using atomic force microscopy, we have recently unraveled the long unexplored paths that GIMs take through the nuclear envelope and described interactions of GIMs with NPCs. In so doing, surprising and intriguing observations were made and the following conclusions were drawn: glucocorticoid-initiated proteins evoke NPC channel dilation before physical interaction with the NPC. NPC channel dilation is apparently transmitted through binding of glucocorticoid-induced proteins to NPC-associated filaments or yet unknown structures in the cytoplasmic nuclear envelope surface. The transport of both proteins and ribonucleoproteins seems to be non-randomly confined to local areas on either nuclear envelope site, the so-called hot spots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Shahin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kienberger F, Pastushenko VP, Kada G, Puntheeranurak T, Chtcheglova L, Riethmueller C, Rankl C, Ebner A, Hinterdorfer P. Improving the contrast of topographical AFM images by a simple averaging filter. Ultramicroscopy 2006; 106:822-8. [PMID: 16675120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New image-processing methods were applied to atomic force microscopy images in order to visualize small details on the surface of virus particles and living cells. Polynomial line flattening and plane fitting of topographical images were performed as first step of the image processing. In a second step, a sliding window approach was used for low-pass filtering and data smoothing. The size of the filtering window was adjusted to the size of the small details of interest. Subtraction of the smoothed data from the original data resulted in images with enhanced contrast. Topographical features which are usually not visible can be easily discerned in the processed images. The method developed in this study rendered possible the detection of small patterns on viral particles as well as thin cytoskeleton fibers of living cells. It is shown that the sliding window approach gives better results than Fourier-filtering. Our method can be generally applied to increase the contrast of topographical images, especially when small features are to be highlighted on relatively high objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Kienberger
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|