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Maiolino G, Fernández-Pascual E, Ochoa Arvizo MA, Vishwakarma R, Martínez-Salamanca JI. Male Infertility and the Risk of Developing Testicular Cancer: A Critical Contemporary Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1305. [PMID: 37512119 PMCID: PMC10383207 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The relationship between male infertility (MI) and testicular cancer (TC) is bilateral. On one hand, it is well-established that patients diagnosed with TC have a high risk of pre- and post-treatment infertility. On the other hand, the risk of developing TC in male infertile patients is not clearly defined. The objective of this review is to analyze the histopathological, etiological, and epidemiological associations between MI and the risk of developing testicular cancer. This review aims to provide further insights and offer a guide for assessing the risk factors for TC in infertile men. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies discussing the relationship between MI and the risk of developing TC. Results: The incidence rates of germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) appear to be high in infertile men, particularly in those with low sperm counts. Most epidemiological studies have found a statistically significant risk of developing TC among infertile men compared to the general or fertile male populations. The concept of Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome provides an explanatory model for the common etiology of MI, TC, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. Clinical findings such as a history of cryptorchidism could increase the risk of developing TC in infertile men. Scrotal ultrasound evaluation for testis lesions and microlithiasis is important in infertile men. Sperm analysis parameters can be useful in assessing the risk of TC among infertile men. In the future, sperm and serum microRNAs (miRNAs) may be utilized for the non-invasive early diagnosis of TC and GCNIS in infertile men. Conclusions: MI is indeed a risk factor for developing testicular cancer, as demonstrated by various studies. All infertile men should undergo a risk assessment using clinical examination, ultrasound, and semen parameters to evaluate their risk of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Urology Clinic, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- LYX Institute of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esaú Fernández-Pascual
- LYX Institute of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Alberto Ochoa Arvizo
- LYX Institute of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ranjit Vishwakarma
- LYX Institute of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Martínez-Salamanca
- LYX Institute of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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Puliatti S, Toso S, Ticonosco M, Rabito S, Sighinolfi MC, Ferrari R, Rochira V, Santi D, Trenti T, Navarra M, Ferretti S, Montano L, Micali S. Semen Analysis in "Urology-Naïve" Patients: A Chance of Uroandrological Screening in Young Males. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113803. [PMID: 37298000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: While females start their gynecological examinations during puberty, only few men decide to be visited by urologists in their youth. Given the participation in the EcoFoodFertility research project, our department had the opportunity to screen young males that were supposedly healthy. (2) Results: from January 2019 to July 2020, we evaluated 157 patients with sperm, blood analysis, and uroandrological examinations. The inclusion criteria were age 18-40 and absence of previous urological disease (urology-naïve). The primary endpoint of the study was to record uroandrological diseases that are occasionally discovered during examination in asymptomatic young men. The average age was 26.9 years (range 18-40); average testicular volume was 15.7 mL (range 12-22 mL); and 45.2% reported abnormal semen analysis: 62 cases of teratozoospermia, 27 asthenozoospermia, 18 oligozoospermia, and 2 azoospermia were discovered respectively; 4/157 patients were diagnosed with hypogonadism; 2 cases with suspicious testicular mass resulted in testicular cancer; and 31 suspected varicoceles and 8 patients with mild sexual dysfunctions were managed. (3) Conclusions: an uroandrological evaluation of young asymptomatic males allowed for the prompt diagnosis of different urological conditions, including cancerous ones, in our series. Despite being debatable, combining urological counselling with physical examination, semen analysis, and a laboratory profile could be useful and cost-effective in order to ameliorate male health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Puliatti
- Department of Urology, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Toso
- Department of Urology, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Ticonosco
- Department of Urology, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rabito
- Department of Urology, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Ferrari
- Department of Urology, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rochira
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferretti
- Department of Urology, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in Uroandrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (EcoFoodFertility Project), Oliveto Citra Hospital, 84124 Salerno, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Micali
- Department of Urology, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Shirakawa A, Yasui T, Machida C, Imaizumi J, Yoshida A, Iwasa T, Kaji T. Ultrasonographic assessment of testicular volume in Japanese newborn infants. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2022; 69:256-260. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.69.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shirakawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yasui
- Department of Reproductive and Menopausal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chiharu Machida
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Vasistha A, Kothari R, Mishra A, De Andrés F, LLerena A, Nair S. Current Insights into Interethnic Variability in Testicular Cancers: Population Pharmacogenetics, Clinical Trials, Genetic Basis of Chemotherapy- Induced Toxicities and Molecular Signal Transduction. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1824-1838. [PMID: 32552648 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200618112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a rising incidence rate across the globe. Testicular germ cell tumors are the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and surgical removal of the testes is often a radical necessity along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While seminomas are receptive to radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy, non-seminomatous germ cell tumors respond to chemotherapy only. Due to the singular nature of testicular cancers with associated orchiectomy and mortality, it is important to study the molecular basis and genetic underpinnings of this group of cancers across male populations globally. In this review, we shed light on the population pharmacogenetics of testicular cancer, pediatric and adult tumors, current clinical trials, genetic determinants of chemotherapy-induced toxicity in testicular cancer, as well as the molecular signal transduction pathways operating in this malignancy. Taken together, our discussions will help in enhancing our understanding of genetic factors in testicular carcinogenesis and chemotherapy-induced toxicity, augment our knowledge of this aggressive cancer at the cellular and molecular level, as well as improve precision medicine approaches to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Vasistha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400 056, India
| | - Rishi Kothari
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400 056, India
| | - Adarsh Mishra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400 056, India
| | - Fernando De Andrés
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre at Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Adrián LLerena
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre at Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sujit Nair
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400 056, India
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Environmental chemicals in dog testes reflect their geographical source and may be associated with altered pathology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7361. [PMID: 33795811 PMCID: PMC8016893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and dogs, a temporal decline in semen quality and increased incidence of testicular cancer is hypothesised to be associated with exposure to anthropogenic chemicals, particularly during fetal development. Human studies suggest that differential exposures to environmental chemicals may be associated with geographical differences in male reproductive health. Here we investigate testicular chemical profiles and pathologies in dogs residing in the UK [West Midlands (WM), East Midlands (EM), South East (SE)], Denmark (Copenhagen) and Finland (Vantaa). Testes, surplus from routine castrations, contained region specific differences in relative concentrations of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Relative to UK regions, testes from dogs living in Finland and Denmark had higher concentrations of PBDE and lower concentrations of DEHP and PCBs. Regional differences in the UK in PCB concentrations were also observed. Dog testes from Finland had fewer pathologies, reduced testicular area stained for Sertoli and germ cells and evidence of reduced cellular proliferation. Since the geographical differences in testis pathologies in dogs parallel reports of regional differences in human testicular cancer, we postulate that this may reflect chemical effects within the testis and that this may be related to environmental influences on male reproductive function.
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Amjad S, Rahman MS, Pang WK, Ryu DY, Adegoke EO, Park YJ, Pang MG. Effects of phthalates on the functions and fertility of mouse spermatozoa. Toxicology 2021; 454:152746. [PMID: 33711355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are common environmental pollutants that are presumed to negatively impact male fertility including animals and humans. Particularly, these potential xenoestrogens may alter male fertility by binding to specific sperm receptors. Although several studies have characterized the toxic effects of single phthalates, epidemiological studies indicate that humans are typically exposed to phthalate mixtures. Here, we tested an environmental-related phthalate combination composed of 21 % di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 15 % diisononyl phthalate, 8% diisobutyl phthalate, 15 % dibutyl phthalate, 35 % diethyl phthalate, and 5% benzylbutyl phthalate. Specifically, the effects of short-term exposure (90 min) to various concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 500 μg/mL) of this phthalate mixture on several important sperm processes, oocyte fertilization, and embryo production were assessed. All phthalate concentrations significantly decreased sperm motility and hyperactivity by compromising the sperm's ability to generate ATP. Additionally, short-term phthalate exposure (>10 μg/mL) also induced abnormal capacitation and the acrosome reaction by upregulating protein tyrosine phosphorylation via a protein kinase-A-dependent pathway. Furthermore, phthalate exposure (particularly at doses exceeding 10 μg/mL) significantly affected fertilization and early embryonic development. Together, our findings indicate that the studied phthalate mixtures adversely affected sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction, which resulted in poor fertilization rates and repressed embryonic development. Moreover, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect dose of the phthalate mixture tested can be assumed to be < 1 μg/mL in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehreen Amjad
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Overexpression of miR-506-3p Aggravates DBP-Induced Testicular Oxidative Stress in Rats by Downregulating ANXA5 via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4640605. [PMID: 33354277 PMCID: PMC7735838 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4640605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) is a kind of unique endocrine toxicity linked to hormonal disruptions that affects the male reproductive system and has given rise to more and more attention. However, the mechanism of DBP-induced testicular injury remains unclear. Here, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of miR-506-3p in DBP-induced rat testicular oxidative stress injury via ANXA5 (Annexin A5)/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods In vivo, a total of 40 adolescent male rats were treated from 2 weeks with 800 mg/kg/day of DBP in 1 mL/kg corn oil administered daily by oral gavage. Among them, some rats were also injected subcutaneously with 2 nmol agomir-506-3p and/or 10 nmol recombinant rat ANXA5. The pathomorphological changes of testicular tissue were assessed by histological examination, and the antioxidant factors were evaluated. Subsequently, ANXA5, Nrf2, and its dependent antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1, NQO1, and GST, were detected by Western blotting or immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, TM3 cells (Leydig cells) were used to detect the cell activity by CCK-8 and the transfection in the DBP-treated group. Results Differentially expressed miRNAs between the DBP-treated and normal rats were analyzed, and qRT-PCR showed miR-506-3p was highly expressed in testicular tissues of the DBP-treated rats. DBP-treated rats presented severe inflammatory infiltration, increased abnormal germ cells, and missed cell layers frequently existed in seminiferous tubules, resulted in oxidative stress and decreased testicular function. Meanwhile, upregulation of miR-506-3p aggravated the above changes. In addition, miR-506-3p directly bound to ANXA5, and overexpression of miR-506-3p could reduce the ANXA5 expression and also decrease the protein levels of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that recombinant rat ANXA5 reversed the DBP-treated testicular oxidative stress promoting injury of miR-506-3p in rats. In vivo results were reproduced in in vitro experiments. Conclusions This study provided evidence that miR-506-3p could aggravate the DBP-treated testicular oxidative stress injury in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting ANXA5 expression and downregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which might provide novel understanding in DBP-induced testicular injury therapy.
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Kabakçı R, Varışlı Ö, Kaya A, Baştan İ, Şimşek S. Effect of diethylhexyl phthalate on sperm motility parameters in bull. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.637406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Genetic resistance to DEHP-induced transgenerational endocrine disruption. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208371. [PMID: 31181066 PMCID: PMC6557477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) interferes with sex hormones signaling pathways (SHP). C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to 300 mg/kg/day DEHP develop a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) at adulthood, but similarly-exposed FVB/N mice are not affected. Here we aim to understand the reasons behind this drastic difference that should depend on the genome of the strain. In both backgrounds, pregnant female mice received per os either DEHP or corn oil vehicle and the male filiations were examined. Computer-assisted sperm analysis showed a DEHP-induced decreased sperm count and velocities in C57BL/6J. Sperm RNA sequencing experiments resulted in the identification of the 62 most differentially expressed RNAs. These RNAs, mainly regulated by hormones, produced strain-specific transcriptional responses to prenatal exposure to DEHP; a pool of RNAs was increased in FVB, another pool of RNAs was decreased in C57BL/6J. In FVB/N, analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) impacting SHP identified rs387782768 and rs29315913 respectively associated with absence of the Forkhead Box A3 (Foxa3) RNA and increased expression of estrogen receptor 1 variant 4 (NM_001302533) RNA. Analysis of the role of SNPs modifying SHP binding sites in function of strain-specific responses to DEHP revealed a DEHP-resistance allele in FVB/N containing an additional FOXA1-3 binding site at rs30973633 and four DEHP-induced beta-defensins (Defb42, Defb30, Defb47 and Defb48). A DEHP-susceptibility allele in C57BL/6J contained five SNPs (rs28279710, rs32977910, rs46648903, rs46677594 and rs48287999) affecting SHP and six genes (Svs2, Svs3b, Svs4, Svs3a, Svs6 and Svs5) epigenetically silenced by DEHP. Finally, targeted experiments confirmed increased methylation in the Svs3ab promoter with decreased SEMG2 persisting across generations, providing a molecular explanation for the transgenerational sperm velocity decrease found in C57BL/6J after DEHP exposure. We conclude that the existence of SNP-dependent mechanisms in FVB/N inbred mice may confer resistance to transgenerational endocrine disruption.
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Dong J, Cong Z, You M, Fu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fu H, Wei L, Chen J. Effects of perinatal di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on thyroid function in rat offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:53-60. [PMID: 30716676 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer in industry and displays the characteristics of an endocrine disruptor. Disorders of the maternal thyroid hormone (TH) during pregnancy can cause adverse effects on the fetus. We investigated the effects and possible mechanism of perinatal DEHP exposure on the thyroid function of pups. Pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and received doses of DEHP of 0, 30, 300, 750 mg/kg/day by gavage at from gestational day (GD) 0 to postnatal day (PN) 21. The concentration of serum THs and the ultrastructure of thyroid follicular cells in the offspring were examined. Related protein level and gene expression of thyroid proteins in pups were analyzed by western blotting and real-time PCR. We found that DEHP significantly reduced total thyroxine (TT4) and increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in pups, while total triiodothyronine (TT3) showed no change. Thyroid follicular cells ultrastructure was damaged in DEHP exposed pups as viewed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, exposure to DEHP significantly increased protein and mRNA levels of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), paired box 8 (PAX8), sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in pups. In addition, levels of deiodinases of pups were also affected. These findings indicated that DEHP can disrupt thyroid function by damaging thyroid follicles and affecting TTF-1, PAX8, NIS, TPO and the deiodinase protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangzhao Cong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdan You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Fu Y, Dong J, You M, Cong Z, Wei L, Fu H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen J. Maternal di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure inhibits cerebellar granule precursor cell proliferation via down-regulating the Shh signaling pathway in male offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:313-322. [PMID: 30336312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) widely used as a plasticizer in many materials. Epidemiological investigations have shown that DEHP exposure during early development is related to cerebellar-related adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, animal studies involving the effect of DEHP exposure on cerebellar development have rarely been reported and the potential mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal DEHP exposure on the proliferation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cells (GCPs) and the mechanisms involved. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four exposure groups and given 0, 30, 300, or 750 mg/kg/d DEHP by intragastric administration from gestational day (GD) 0 to postnatal day (PN) 21. Exposure to 300 and 750 mg/kg/d DEHP restrained GCPs proliferation and impaired neurodevelopment for males. Furthermore, exposure to 300 and 750 mg/kg/d DEHP decreased male pups protein expressions and mRNA levels of molecules related to proliferation, including Shh, Gli1, N-Myc, CyclinD1. In addition, the estrogen level and aromatase expression also reduced in male pups after maternal exposure to DEHP. However, effects on females were not obvious. These results suggested that 300 and 750 mg/kg/d DEHP exposure inhibit the proliferation of GCPs in male offspring and ultimately contribute to the impairment of neuromotor development. This, may be caused by the down-regulation of Shh signaling. And the susceptibility of male offspring to DEHP exposure may be attributed to the decreased estrogen level and aromatase expression in male pup's cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Mingdan You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Zhangzhao Cong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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Lauretta R, Sansone A, Sansone M, Romanelli F, Appetecchia M. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Endocrine Glands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 30984107 PMCID: PMC6448049 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, endocrine disrupting chemicals have gained interest in human physiopathology and more and more studies aimed to explain how these chemicals compounds affect endocrine system. In human populations, the majority of the studies point toward an association between exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and the disorders affecting endocrine axis. A great number of endocrine disrupting chemicals seem to be able to interfere with the physiology of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, every endocrine axis may be a target for each EDCs and their action is not limited to a single axis or organ. Several compounds may also have a negative impact on energy metabolic homeostasis altering adipose tissue and promoting obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Different mechanism have been proposed to explain these associations but their complexity together with the degree of occupational or environmental exposure, the low standardization of the studies, and the presence of confounding factors have prevented to establish causal relationship between the endocrine disorders and exposure to specific toxicants so far. This manuscript aims to review the state of art of scientific literature regarding the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lauretta
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sansone
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Romanelli
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Appetecchia
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marialuisa Appetecchia
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Loreto-Gómez C, Farías P, Moreno-Macías H, Guzmán C, Riojas-Rodríguez H. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic compounds and their association with anogenital distance in infants. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:732-740. [PMID: 30539738 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants, separately and combined, and anogenital distance (in-utero endocrine disruption marker). DESIGN A cohort study conducted in Sonora, Mexico. Blood concentrations of polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) 28, 74, 118, 138/158, 153, 170, 180 and the isomers of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites were determined in women in the third trimester of pregnancy; three variants of anogenital distance were measured on five occasions during the first year of life of their infants: 82 girls (402 observations) and 74 boys (356 observations). RESULTS Boys had negative and significant associations between anogenital distance/height and the concentrations of PCB 28 (beta = - 0.005;P = 0.006), PCB 74 (beta = - 0.003;P = 0.013), and PCB 170 (beta = - 0.005;P = 0.001) when analysed individually. Negative and significant associations were also found using statistical models applied to mixtures of compounds. The latter associations were sometimes larger in magnitude and significance, suggesting a possible potentiation of the compounds. No associations were observed between anogenital distance and DDT in either sex or with PCB in girls. CONCLUSIONS The decreased anogenital distance associated with prenatal exposure to the persistent organic pollutants, observed consistently in different analyses, suggests an under-masculinizing effect of these environmental pollutants in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Loreto-Gómez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco.Av. San Pablo Xalpa 180, Colonia Reynosa Tamaulipas, Azcapotzalco, 02200, México; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.Av. Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María, Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Paulina Farías
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.Av. Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María, Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | - Hortensia Moreno-Macías
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, México
| | - Carolina Guzmán
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM-Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Colonia Doctores, Cuauhtémoc 06726, México
| | - Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.Av. Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María, Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Buser MC, Abadin HG, Irwin JL, Pohl HR. Windows of sensitivity to toxic chemicals in the development of reproductive effects: an analysis of ATSDR's toxicological profile database. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:553-578. [PMID: 30022686 PMCID: PMC6261274 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1496235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of the fetus is a complex process influenced by many factors including genetics, maternal health, and environmental exposures to toxic chemicals. Adverse developmental effects on the reproductive system have the potential to harm generations beyond those directly exposed. Here, we review the available literature in Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry toxicological profiles related to reproductive-developmental effects in animals following in utero exposure to chemicals. We attempt to identify windows of sensitivity. In the discussion, we correlate the findings with human development. The endpoints noted are fertility, estrus, anogenital distance, sex ratio, spermatogenesis, and mammary gland development. We identified some windows of sensitivity; however, the results were hampered by chronic-exposure studies designed to detect effects occurring throughout developmental, including multi-generational studies. This paper demonstrates the need for more acute studies in animals aimed at understanding time periods of development that are more susceptible to chemically induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie C Buser
- a US Department of Health and Human Services , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Henry G Abadin
- a US Department of Health and Human Services , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - John L Irwin
- a US Department of Health and Human Services , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Hana R Pohl
- a US Department of Health and Human Services , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , Atlanta , GA , USA
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15
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16
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Tsiaoussis J, Hatzidaki E, Docea AO, Nikolouzakis TK, Petrakis D, Burykina T, Mamoulakis C, Makrigiannakis A, Tsatsakis A. Molecular and clinical aspects of embryotoxicity induced by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Toxicology 2018; 409:137-143. [PMID: 30055296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are widely used for a variety of medical, agricultural and public health purposes. Consequently, exposure is highly possible during lifetime. However, their systematic use raises concerns for the potential impact on the fetus and newborn since these substances may affect angiogenesis, the neonatal and maternal intensive care, neuroimmune function and response, mammary growth/lactation via cholinergic/non-cholinergic central and peripheral neuroendocrine pathways. New methodologies, neuroscientific technologies and research studies are needed to harness existing knowledge along with the proper management, availability for new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, with stable pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - E Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - A O Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - T K Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - D Petrakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - T Burykina
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Chemistry, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - C Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - A Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - A Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Kalliora C, Mamoulakis C, Vasilopoulos E, Stamatiades GA, Kalafati L, Barouni R, Karakousi T, Abdollahi M, Tsatsakis A. Association of pesticide exposure with human congenital abnormalities. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 346:58-75. [PMID: 29596925 PMCID: PMC6029725 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human pesticide exposure can occur both occupationally and environmentally during manufacture and after the application of indoor and outdoor pesticides, as well as through consumption via residues in food and water. There is evidence from experimental studies that numerous pesticides, either in isolation or in combination, act as endocrine disruptors, neurodevelopmental toxicants, immunotoxicants, and carcinogens. We reviewed the international literature on this subject for the years between 1990 and 2017. The studies were considered in this review through MEDLINE and WHO resources. Out of the n = 1817 studies identified, n = 94 were reviewed because they fulfilled criteria of validity and addressed associations of interest. Epidemiological studies have provided limited evidence linking pre- and post-natal exposure to pesticides with cancers in childhood, neurological deficits, fetal death, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and congenital abnormalities (CAs). In this review, the potential association between pesticide exposure and the appearance of some human CAs (including among others musculoskeletal abnormalities; neural tube defects; urogenital and cardiovascular abnormalities) was investigated. A trend towards a positive association between environmental or occupational exposure to some pesticides and some CAs was detected, but this association remains to be substantiated. Main limitations of the review include inadequate exposure assessment and limited sample size. Adequately powered studies with precise exposure assessments such as biomonitoring, are warranted to clarify with certainty the potential association between pesticide exposure and human CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Kalliora
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | | | - George A Stamatiades
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Roza Barouni
- Department of Biology, University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology & Forensic Science, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Latif T, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Mehlsen J, Eisenberg ML, Holmboe SA, Pors K, Brinth L, Skouby SO, Jørgensen N, Jensen TK. Semen quality associated with subsequent hospitalizations - Can the effect be explained by socio-economic status and lifestyle factors? Andrology 2018; 6:428-435. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Latif
- Coordinating Research Centre; Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospitals; Frederiksberg Denmark
- Department of Environmental Medicine; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - R. Lindahl-Jacobsen
- Danish Aging Research Centre; Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Max-Planck Odense Centre on the Biodemography of Aging; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - J. Mehlsen
- Coordinating Research Centre; Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospitals; Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - M. L. Eisenberg
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics/Gynaecology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - S. A. Holmboe
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. Pors
- Coordinating Research Centre; Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospitals; Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - L. Brinth
- Coordinating Research Centre; Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospitals; Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - S. O. Skouby
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; Herlev & Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N. Jørgensen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC); Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. K. Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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Endocrine Disruptors Leading to Obesity and Related Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101282. [PMID: 29064461 PMCID: PMC5664782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to comprehensively present the impact of exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs) in relation to the clinical manifestation of obesity and related diseases, including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, carcinogenesis and infertility. EDs are strong participants in the obesity epidemic scenery by interfering with cellular morphological and biochemical processes; by inducing inflammatory responses; and by presenting transcriptional and oncogenic activity. Obesity and lipotoxicity enhancement occur through reprogramming and/or remodeling of germline epigenome by exposure to EDs. Specific population groups are vulnerable to ED exposure due to current dietary and environmental conditions. Obesity, morbidity and carcinogenicity induced by ED exposure are an evolving reality. Therefore, a new collective strategic approach is deemed essential, for the reappraisal of current global conditions pertaining to energy management.
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Latif T, Kold Jensen T, Mehlsen J, Holmboe SA, Brinth L, Pors K, Skouby SO, Jørgensen N, Lindahl-Jacobsen R. Semen Quality as a Predictor of Subsequent Morbidity: A Danish Cohort Study of 4,712 Men With Long-Term Follow-up. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:910-917. [PMID: 28498890 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen quality has been suggested to be a biological marker of long-term morbidity and mortality; however, few studies have been conducted on this subject. We identified 5,370 men seen for infertility at Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, during 1977-2010, and 4,712 of these men were followed in the Danish National Patient Registry until first hospitalization, death, or the end of the study. We classified patients according to hospitalizations and the presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, testicular cancer, or prostate cancer. We found a clear association between sperm concentration below 15 million/mL and all-cause hospitalizations (hazard ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 1.6) and cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 1.6), compared with men with a concentration above 40 million/mL. The probabilities for hospitalizations were also higher with a low total sperm count and low motility. Men with a sperm concentration of 195-200 million/mL were, on average, hospitalized for the first time 7 years later than were men with a sperm concentration of 0-5 million/mL. Semen quality was associated with long-term morbidity, and a significantly higher risk of hospitalization was found, in particular for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Our study supports the suggestion that semen quality is a strong biomarker of general health.
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Moirano G, Zugna D, Grasso C, Mirabelli D, Lista P, Ciuffreda L, Segnan N, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Postnatal risk factors for testicular cancer: The EPSAM case-control study. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1803-1810. [PMID: 28699204 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is considered to originate from an impaired differentiation of fetal germ cells, but puberty could represent another time window of susceptibility. Our study aimed at investigating the association between environmental exposures acting during puberty/adolescence (13-19 years of age) and the risk of testicular cancer. We used data of the EPSAM study, a case-control study on germ-cell testicular cancer conducted in the province of Turin, Italy, involving cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2008. Histologically confirmed cases (n = 255) and controls (n = 459) completed a postal questionnaire focusing in particular on the pubertal period (namely age 13 years) with questions on physical activity (competitive sports, gardening), lifestyle (alcohol consumption, smoking), occupational history and medical conditions. All analyses were adjusted for the matching variables, cryptorchidism and educational level. Having done at least one competitive sport during puberty (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.00), gardening activities during puberty (OR: 0.62, 0.42-0.94) and having a lower weight than peers during puberty (OR: 0.64, 0.42-0.97) were all inversely associated with the risk of testicular cancer. No evidence of association between smoking or alcohol consumption during puberty and the risk of testicular cancer was observed. Regarding agriculture-related occupations, we found an association with the risk of testicular cancer both for occasional jobs during puberty (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.08-5.29) and ever employment in adolescence (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 0.83-8.10). Our results suggest that postnatal exposures could play a role in testicular cancer aetiology, at least when acting in puberty or adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovenale Moirano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Grasso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lista
- Medical Oncology Division 1, University Hospital "Citta' della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Libero Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology Division 1, University Hospital "Citta' della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Nereo Segnan
- Department of Cancer Screening and Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Cancer Early Diagnosis and Screening, CPO Piedmont and University Hospital "Citta' della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Merletti
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
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Naz M, Kamal M. Classification, causes, diagnosis and treatment of male infertility: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-017-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Culha MG, Serefoglu EC. Prolonged exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy reduces testosterone production by the human fetal testis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:218. [PMID: 28603733 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.01.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ege Can Serefoglu
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training & Research Hospital, Turkey
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An Efficient Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of Ethyl Carbamate and Phthalate Esters in Chinese Liquor by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Hanson HA, Mayer EN, Anderson RE, Aston KI, Carrell DT, Berger J, Lowrance WT, Smith KR, Hotaling JM. Risk of childhood mortality in family members of men with poor semen quality. Hum Reprod 2016; 32:239-247. [PMID: 27927843 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the familial childhood mortality in first-degree (FDR) and second-degree relatives (SDR) of patients undergoing semen analysis (SA)? SUMMARY ANSWER The relationship between infertility and congenital malformations (CM) in offspring is complex, with an increased risk of death due to CM in FDR, but not SDR, of men with lower semen parameters. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Semen quality is an established predictor of men's somatic health. We can gain a better understanding of possible genetic or environmental determinants of the infertility phenotype by exploring familial aggregation of childhood mortality in relatives of men with poor semen quality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective cohort study from the Subfertility, Health and Assisted Reproduction study (cohort compiled 1996-2011) linked with patient/familial information from the Utah Population Database (UPDB). Index cases included a clinic-referred sample of 12 889 men who underwent SA and had adequate familial and follow-up data in the UPDB. Parameters of semen quality included: semen concentration, sperm count, motility, total motile count, sperm head morphology, sperm tail morphology and vitality. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS SA data were collected from two tertiary medical center andrology laboratories that have captured ~90% of all SA performed in Utah since 2004. Age- and sex-matched fertile controls were selected to create the comparison group for determining risk of childhood death (to age 20 years) in family members. A total of 79 750 siblings and 160 016 aunts/uncles were used to investigate the familial aggregation of childhood mortality. The main outcome was childhood mortality in FDR and SDR of men with SA and their matched controls. All-cause and cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the association between semen quality and childhood mortality in family members. Cause-specific models were considered for cancer and CM. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the cohort of men with SA, there were 406 (1.0%) deaths in FDR and 772 (1.1%) deaths in SDR due to any cause. There was no significant difference in the risk of all-cause childhood mortality between the relatives of men with SA and the fertile control group [hazard ratio (HR)Female = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.88, 1.32; HRMale = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.04]. We found no association between semen quality and risk for childhood cancer mortality in FDR or SDR (HRFDR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.62, 1.54; HRSDR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.83, 1.50). The FDR of men with SA and fertile controls were followed on average for 19.71 and 19.73 years, respectively. During this period of follow-up, FDR of men with SA had an unadjusted 40% relative risk of increased CM-related death. After stratifying by semen parameters and adjusting for birth year, we found FDR of men with worse semen quality, and notably azoospermic men (HR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.24,5.84), were at higher risk of CM-related death. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION A large proportion of men with SA in the study had normal semen parameters. It is important to note that these men themselves may not be subfertile, but they were subfertile at the couple level (i.e. the female partner may be infertile). In addition, care is needed when interpreting our results, as we do not have semen measures on our sample of fertile men. Second, we were unable to include potential confounders such as medical comorbidities, smoking status, or environmental exposures. Third, men with SA were seen at the University of Utah or Intermountain Health Care clinics for a fertility evaluation thereby suggesting a more select population. Fourth, we chose to categorize morphology into equally distributed quartiles as a response to the fact that the World Health Organization threshold for normal motility changed multiple times during our study period. Lastly, we do not know the proportion of female partners with diagnosed infertility. We chose not to subcategorize each infertile male by infertile diagnosis because our goal was to understand how semen parameters influenced familial childhood mortality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We are not the first study to show a relationship between fertility and CMs. Children conceived through ART may be at higher risk of birth defects, however it is not known if the relationship is causal or if there is some underlying factor linking infertility and birth outcomes. This study provides further evidence that the increased risk of congenital birth defects may not be due to the ART, but rather genetic or environmental factors that link the two outcomes. We encourage further research in order to confirm a relationship between semen quality and increased risk for CM. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health - National Institute of Aging [Grant numbers 1R21AG036938-01, 2R01 AG022095 and 1K12HD085852-01]. Authors have no competing interests to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Hanson
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT , USA .,Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 675 Arapeen Drive, 204, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 , USA
| | - Erik N Mayer
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ross E Anderson
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center for Men's Health and Reconstructive Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT , USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Douglas T Carrell
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Justin Berger
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 675 Arapeen Drive, 204, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 , USA
| | - William T Lowrance
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 675 Arapeen Drive, 204, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 , USA.,Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James M Hotaling
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center for Men's Health and Reconstructive Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT , USA
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Boisvert A, Jones S, Issop L, Erythropel HC, Papadopoulos V, Culty M. In vitro functional screening as a means to identify new plasticizers devoid of reproductive toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:496-512. [PMID: 27423704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers are indispensable additives providing flexibility and malleability to plastics. Among them, several phthalates, including di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have emerged as endocrine disruptors, leading to their restriction in consumer products and creating a need for new, safer plasticizers. The goal of this project was to use in vitro functional screening tools to select novel non-toxic plasticizers suitable for further in vivo evaluation. A panel of novel compounds with satisfactory plasticizer properties and biodegradability were tested, along with several commercial plasticizers, such as diisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH®). MEHP, the monoester metabolite of DEHP was also included as reference compound. Because phthalates target mainly testicular function, including androgen production and spermatogenesis, we used the mouse MA-10 Leydig and C18-4 spermatogonial cell lines as surrogates to examine cell survival, proliferation, steroidogenesis and mitochondrial integrity. The most promising compounds were further assessed on organ cultures of rat fetal and neonatal testes, corresponding to sensitive developmental windows. Dose-response studies revealed the toxicity of most maleates and fumarates, while identifying several dibenzoate and succinate plasticizers as innocuous on Leydig and germ cells. Interestingly, DINCH®, a plasticizer marketed as a safe alternative to phthalates, exerted a biphasic effect on steroid production in MA-10 and fetal Leydig cells. MEHP was the only plasticizer inducing the formation of multinucleated germ cells (MNG) in organ culture. Overall, organ cultures corroborated the cell line data, identifying one dibenzoate and one succinate as the most promising candidates. The adoption of such collaborative approaches for developing new chemicals should help prevent the development of compounds potentially harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Boisvert
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Steven Jones
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Leeyah Issop
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Hanno C Erythropel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Martine Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1.
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Leung MC, Phuong J, Baker NC, Sipes NS, Klinefelter GR, Martin MT, McLaurin KW, Setzer RW, Darney SP, Judson RS, Knudsen TB. Systems Toxicology of Male Reproductive Development: Profiling 774 Chemicals for Molecular Targets and Adverse Outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1050-61. [PMID: 26662846 PMCID: PMC4937872 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trends in male reproductive health have been reported for increased rates of testicular germ cell tumors, low semen quality, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias, which have been associated with prenatal environmental chemical exposure based on human and animal studies. OBJECTIVE In the present study we aimed to identify significant correlations between environmental chemicals, molecular targets, and adverse outcomes across a broad chemical landscape with emphasis on developmental toxicity of the male reproductive system. METHODS We used U.S. EPA's animal study database (ToxRefDB) and a comprehensive literature analysis to identify 774 chemicals that have been evaluated for adverse effects on male reproductive parameters, and then used U.S. EPA's in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) database (ToxCastDB) to profile their bioactivity across approximately 800 molecular and cellular features. RESULTS A phenotypic hierarchy of testicular atrophy, sperm effects, tumors, and malformations, a composite resembling the human testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis, was observed in 281 chemicals. A subset of 54 chemicals with male developmental consequences had in vitro bioactivity on molecular targets that could be condensed into 156 gene annotations in a bipartite network. CONCLUSION Computational modeling of available in vivo and in vitro data for chemicals that produce adverse effects on male reproductive end points revealed a phenotypic hierarchy across animal studies consistent with the human TDS hypothesis. We confirmed the known role of estrogen and androgen signaling pathways in rodent TDS, and importantly, broadened the list of molecular targets to include retinoic acid signaling, vascular remodeling proteins, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and cytochrome P450s. CITATION Leung MC, Phuong J, Baker NC, Sipes NS, Klinefelter GR, Martin MT, McLaurin KW, Setzer RW, Darney SP, Judson RS, Knudsen TB. 2016. Systems toxicology of male reproductive development: profiling 774 chemicals for molecular targets and adverse outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 124:1050-1061; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C.K. Leung
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Address correspondence to M.C.K. Leung, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-2721. E-mail: , or T.B. Knudsen, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-9776. E-mail:
| | - Jimmy Phuong
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Nisha S. Sipes
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gary R. Klinefelter
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Matthew T. Martin
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Keith W. McLaurin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - R. Woodrow Setzer
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sally Perreault Darney
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Richard S. Judson
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Thomas B. Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Address correspondence to M.C.K. Leung, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-2721. E-mail: , or T.B. Knudsen, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-9776. E-mail:
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Nistal M, Paniagua R, González-Peramato P, Reyes-Múgica M. Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 14. Natural History of Undescended Testes. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2016; 19:183-201. [PMID: 25105691 DOI: 10.2350/14-05-1483-pb.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is one of the most frequent problems encountered in pediatric urology. Its causes, associated lesions, and prognosis in terms of fertility have been a source of interest and discrepancies for pediatric pathologists and urological surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ricardo Paniagua
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González-Peramato
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- 3 Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on the foetal testis development: focus on the phthalates. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2016; 47:S67-74. [PMID: 20067897 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-009-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are great concerns about the increasing incidence of abnormalities in male reproductive function. Human sperm counts have markedly dropped and the rate of testicular cancer has clearly augmented over the past four decades. Moreover, the prevalence rates of cryptorchidism and hypospadias are also probably increasing. It has been hypothesized that all these adverse trends in male reproduction result from abnormalities in the development of the testis during foetal and neonatal life. Furthermore, many recent epidemiological, clinical and experimental data suggest that these male reproductive disorders could be due to the effects of xenobiotics termed endocrine disruptors, which are becoming more and more concentrated and prevalent in our environment. Among these endocrine disruptors, we chose to focus this review on the phthalates for different reasons: 1) they are widespread in the environment; 2) their concentrations in many human biological fluids have been measured; 3) the experimental data using rodent models suggesting a reprotoxicity are numerous and are the most convincing; 4) their deleterious effects on the in vivo and in vitro development and function of the rat foetal testis have been largely studied; 5) some epidemiological data in humans suggest a reprotoxic effect at environmental concentrations at least during neonatal life. However, the direct effects of phthalates on human foetal testis have never been explored. Thus, as we did for the rat in the 1990s, we recently developed and validated an organ culture system which allows maintenance of the development of the different cell types of human foetal testis. In this system, addition of 10-4 M MEHP (mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), the most produced phthalate, had no effect on basal or LH-stimulated production of testosterone, but it reduced the number of germ cells by increasing their apoptosis, without modification of their proliferation. This is the first experimental demonstration that phthalates alter the development of the foetal testis in humans. Using our organotypic culture system, we and others are currently investigating the effect of MEHP in the mouse and the rat, and it will be interesting to compare the results between these species to analyse the relevance of toxicological tests based on rodent models.
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Khanna A, Pradhan A, Curran SP. Emerging Roles for Maf1 beyond the Regulation of RNA Polymerase III Activity. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2577-85. [PMID: 26173035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Maf1 was first identified in yeast, and studies in metazoans have primarily focused on examining its role in the repression of transcription that is dependent on RNA polymerase III. Recent work has revealed a novel and conserved function for Maf1 in the maintenance of intracellular lipid pools in Caenorhabditis elegans, mice, and cancer cell lines. Although additional Maf1 targets are likely, they have not been identified, and these recent findings begin to define specific activities for Maf1 in multicellular organisms beyond the regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription and suggest that Maf1 plays a more diverse role in organismal physiology. We will discuss these newly defined physiological roles of Maf1 that point to its placement as an important new player in lipid metabolism with implications in human metabolic diseases such as obesity and cancer, which display prominent defects in lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Khanna
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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31
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Effect of cyclosporine A on the structure of adult albino rat testis and the role of lycopene supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000446585.19443.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Williams C, Bondesson M, Krementsov DN, Teuscher C. Gestational bisphenol A exposure and testis development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2. [PMID: 26167515 DOI: 10.4161/endo.29088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all humans are exposed to bisphenol A (BPA). Since BPA can act as a ligand for estrogen receptors, potential hazardous effects of BPA should be evaluated in the context of endogenous estrogenic hormones. Because estrogen is metabolized in the placenta, developing fetuses are normally exposed to very low endogenous estrogen levels. BPA, on the other hand, passes through the placenta and might have distinct adverse consequences during the sensitive stages of fetal development. Testicular gametogenesis and steroidogenesis begin early during fetal development. These processes are sensitive to estrogens and play a role in determining the number of germ stem cells, sperm count, and male hormone levels in adulthood. Although studies have shown a correlation between BPA exposure and perturbed reproduction, a clear consensus has yet to be established as to whether current human gestational BPA exposure results in direct adverse effects on male genital development and reproduction. However, studies in animals and in vitro have provided direct evidence for the ability of BPA exposure to influence male reproductive development. This review discusses the current knowledge of potential effects of BPA exposure on male reproductive health and whether gestational exposure adversely affects testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Williams
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling; Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling; Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Medicine; Immunobiology Program; University of Vermont; Burlington, VT USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine; Immunobiology Program; University of Vermont; Burlington, VT USA ; Department of Pathology; University of Vermont; Burlington, VT USA
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High prevalence of proposed Müllerian duct remnant cysts on the spermatic duct in wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) from Sweden. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84660. [PMID: 24376831 PMCID: PMC3871573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spermatic ducts (vasa deferentia) of 235 otters (Lutra lutra) found dead between 1999 and 2012 in Sweden were examined for presence of paraductular cysts. Single or multiple elongated uni- or bilateral cysts parallel to the spermatic duct were noted in 72% of the examined males. The cysts were adjacent to, but did not communicate with the lumen of the spermatic duct, and were usually located within a few centimeters of the testis and epididymis. The cysts are proposed to be congenital Müllerian duct remnants. Other morphologic abnormalities in the reproductive organs were not noted within this study. Possible causes of the incomplete regression of the embryonic female gonadal duct are exposure to environmental contaminants such as elevated concentrations of estrogen-like compounds (endocrine disrupting chemicals), inbreeding, or a naturally occurring anatomic defect. No obvious geographical pattern was observed for otters with or without cysts. This is the first study and description of cysts on the spermatic duct in otters.
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Effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) given neonatally on spermatogenesis of mice. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6509-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Anand H, Misro MM, Sharma SB, Prakash S. siRNA as a tool to delineate pathway channelization in H2O2 induced apoptosis of primary Leydig cells in vitro. Apoptosis 2012; 17:1131-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Giray B, Asan E, Hincal F. The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure and selenium nutrition on sertoli cell vimentin structure and germ-cell apoptosis in rat testis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 62:539-547. [PMID: 22002783 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on Sertoli-cell vimentin filaments and germ-cell apoptosis in testes of pubertal rats at different selenium (Se) status. Se deficiency was produced in 3-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding them ≤ 0.05 Se mg/kg diet for 5 weeks, Se supplementation group was on 1 mg Se/kg diet, and DEHP was applied at 1000 mg/kg dose by gavage during the last 10 days of the feeding period. The diet with excess Se did not cause any appreciable alteration in vimentin staining and apoptosis of germ cells, but Se deficiency caused a mild decrease in the intensity of vimentin immunoreactivity and enhanced germ-cell apoptosis significantly (approximately 3-fold, p <0.0033). DEHP exposure caused disruption and collapse of vimentin filaments and significantly induced apoptotic death of germ cells (approximately 8-fold, p <0.0033). In DEHP-exposed Se-deficient animals, compared with the control, collapse of vimentin filaments was more prominent; there was serious damage to the seminiferous epithelium; and a high increment (approximately 25-fold, p <0.0033) in apoptotic germ cells was observed. Thus, Se deficiency exacerbated the toxicity of DEHP on Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis, whereas Se supplementation provided protection. These results put forward the critical role of Se in the modulation of redox status of testicular cells and emphasize the importance of Se status for reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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van der Zanden LFM, van Rooij IALM, Feitz WFJ, Franke B, Knoers NVAM, Roeleveld N. Aetiology of hypospadias: a systematic review of genes and environment. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:260-83. [PMID: 22371315 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic and multifactorial forms, implicating both genes and environmental factors. This review summarizes current knowledge about the aetiology of hypospadias. METHODS Pubmed was used to identify studies on hypospadias aetiology published between January 1995 and February 2011. Reference lists of the selected manuscripts were also searched to identify additional studies, including those published before 1995. RESULTS The search provided 922 articles and 169 articles were selected for this review. Studies screening groups of patients with hypospadias for single gene defects found mutations in WT1, SF1, BMP4, BMP7, HOXA4, HOXB6, FGF8, FGFR2, AR, HSD3B2, SRD5A2, ATF3, MAMLD1, MID1 and BNC2. However, most investigators are convinced that single mutations do not cause the majority of isolated hypospadias cases. Indeed, associations were found with polymorphisms in FGF8, FGFR2, AR, HSD17B3, SRD5A2, ESR1, ESR2, ATF3, MAMLD1, DGKK, MID1, CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1. In addition, gene expression studies indentified CTGF, CYR61 and EGF as candidate genes. Environmental factors consistently implicated in hypospadias are low birthweight, maternal hypertension and pre-eclampsia, suggesting that placental insufficiency may play an important role in hypospadias aetiology. Exogenous endocrine-disrupting chemicals have the potential to induce hypospadias but it is unclear whether human exposure is high enough to exert this effect. Other environmental factors have also been associated with hypospadias but, for most, the results are inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Although a number of contributors to the aetiology of hypospadias have been identified, the majority of risk factors remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F M van der Zanden
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Singh R, Hamada AJ, Bukavina L, Agarwal A. Physical deformities relevant to male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:156-74. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pan G, Hanaoka T, Yu L, Na J, Yamano Y, Hara K, Ichiba M, Nakadate T, Kishi R, Wang P, Yin H, Zhang S, Feng Y. Associations between hazard indices of di-n-butylphthalateand di-2-ethylhexylphthalate exposure and serum reproductive hormone levels among occupationally exposed and unexposed Chinese men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e397-406. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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López-Darias J, Pino V, Ayala JH, Afonso AM. In-situ ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method to determine endocrine disrupting phenols in seawaters and industrial effluents. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hannas BR, Lambright CS, Furr J, Howdeshell KL, Wilson VS, Gray LE. Dose-Response Assessment of Fetal Testosterone Production and Gene Expression Levels in Rat Testes Following InUtero Exposure to Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Diisobutyl Phthalate, Diisoheptyl Phthalate, and Diisononyl Phthalate. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:206-16. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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López Teijón M, Barceló D, Farré M, Martínez E, Temprano H, Álvarez JG. Relación entre la exposición a disruptores endocrinos durante el período fetal y perinatal y la tasa de oligospermia. Rev Int Androl 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1698-031x(11)70012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Altérations environnementales du développement du testicule foetal: zoom sur les phtalates. Basic Clin Androl 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-011-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
L’augmentation de plusieurs anomalies de la fonction de reproduction masculine suscite de grandes inquiétudes. Au cours des quatre dernières décennies, le nombre de spermatozoïdes chez l’homme a nettement diminué, et l’incidence du cancer testiculaire a doublé. De plus, les cas de cryptorchidie et d’hypospadias sont également en augmentation. L’hypothèse la plus couramment admise est que tous ces effets néfastes sur la fonction reproductive masculine résulteraient d’anomalies survenant lors du développement du testicule pendant la vie foetale et néonatale. En outre, de nombreuses données épidémiologiques, cliniques et expérimentales suggèrent que ces troubles pourraient être dus aux effets de xénobiotiques appelés perturbateurs endocriniens qui sont de plus en plus concentrés et présents dans notre environnement. Parmi les perturbateurs endocriniens, nous avons choisi de focaliser cette revue sur les phtalates pour diverses raisons: 1) ils sont très répandus dans l’environnement; 2) leurs concentrations dans de nombreux fluides biologiques humains ont été mesurées y compris pendant la grossesse; 3) les données expérimentales utilisant le modèle rat et suggérant une reprotoxicité sont nombreuses et pertinentes; 4) les effets délétères des phtalates sur le développement et sur les fonctions du testicule foetal de rat ont largement été étudiés; 5) quelques données épidémiologiques humaines suggèrent un effet reprotoxique des phtalates aux concentrations retrouvées dans l’environnement, au moins durant la vie néonatale. Cependant, les effets directs des phtalates sur le testicule foetal humain n’avaient jamais été étudiés. Comme nous l’avions fait chez le rat dans les années 1990, nous avons récemment développé et validé un système de culture organotypique de testicule foetal humain qui permet de maintenir in vitro le développement des différents types cellulaires. Dans ce système, l’ajout de 10−4 M de MEHP (mono-2-éthylhexyl phtalate), le phtalate le plus répandu, n’a aucun effet sur la production de testostérone basale ou stimulée par l’hormone lutéinisante (LH), mais il réduit le nombre de cellules germinales en augmentant leur apoptose et sans modifier leur prolifération. Nos données constituent la première donnée expérimentale montrant que les phtalates altèrent le développement du testicule foetal humain. En outre, en utilisant le même système de culture organotypique, il est intéressant de comparer la réponse au MEHP chez l’Homme et chez les rongeurs pour analyser la pertinence des tests toxicologiques basés sur le modèle rongeur.
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Culty M, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate decreases mineralocorticoid receptor expression in the adult testis. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5575-85. [PMID: 19819939 PMCID: PMC2795714 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been shown to result in decreased androgen formation by fetal and adult rat testes. In the fetus, decreased androgen is accompanied by the reduced expression of steroidogenic enzymes. The mechanism by which in utero exposure results in reduced androgen formation in the adult, however, is unknown. We hypothesized that deregulation of the nuclear steroid receptors might explain the effects of in utero DEHP exposure on adult testosterone production. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Sprague Dawley dams were gavaged with 100-950 mg DEHP per kilogram per day from gestational d 14-19, and testes were collected at gestational d 20 and postnatal days (PND) 3, 21, and 60. Among the nuclear receptors studied, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNA and protein levels were reduced in PND60 interstitial Leydig cells, accompanied by reduced mRNA expression of MR-regulated genes. Methylation-sensitive PCR showed effects on the nuclear receptor subfamilies NR3A and -3C, but only MR was affected at PND60. Pyrosequencing of two CpG islands within the MR gene promoter revealed a loss of methylation in DEHP-treated animals that was correlated with reduced MR. Because MR activation is known to stimulate Leydig cell testosterone formation, and MR inhibition to be repressive, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that in utero exposure to DEHP leads to MR dysfunction and thus to depressed testosterone production in the adult. We suggest that decreased MR, possibly epigenetically mediated, is a novel mechanism by which phthalates may affect diverse functions later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Martinez-Arguelles
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Thankamony A, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Acerini CL, Hughes IA. Anogenital distance from birth to 2 years: a population study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1786-90. [PMID: 20049133 PMCID: PMC2801188 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogenital distance (AGD) is sexually dimorphic in rodents and humans, being 2- to 2.5-fold greater in males. It is a reliable marker of androgen and antiandrogen effects in rodent reproductive toxicologic studies. Data on AGD in humans are sparse, with no longitudinal data collected during infancy. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine AGD from birth to 2 years in males and females and relate this to other anthropometric measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Infants were recruited from the Cambridge Baby Growth Study. AGD was measured from the center of the anus to the base of the scrotum in males and to the posterior fourchette in females. Measurements were performed at birth and at 3, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. RESULTS Data included 2,168 longitudinal AGD measurements from 463 male and 426 female full-term infants (median = 2 measurements per infant). Mean AGD (+/- SD) at birth was 19.8 +/- 6.1 mm in males and 9.1 +/- 2.8 mm in females (p < 0.0001). AGD increased up to 12 months in both sexes and in a sex-dimorphic pattern. AGD was positively correlated with penile length at birth (r = 0.18, p = 0.003) and the increase in AGD from birth to 3 months was correlated with penile growth (r = 0.20, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION We report novel, longitudinal data for AGD during infancy in a large U.K. birth cohort. AGD was sex dimorphic at all ages studied. The availability of normative data provides a means of utilizing this biological marker of androgen action in population studies of the effects of environmental chemicals on genital development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Thankamony
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo L. Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ieuan A. Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bornman R, de Jager C, Worku Z, Farias P, Reif S. DDT and urogenital malformations in newborn boys in a malarial area. BJU Int 2009; 106:405-11. [PMID: 19849691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.09003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of external urogenital birth defects (UGBDs) in newborn boys from a malarial area currently sprayed with technical 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), as increased fetal oestrogenic or anti-androgenic exposure might be involved in the pathogenesis of increased prevalence of human male reproductive tract anomalies, and DDT and metabolites interact with both these receptors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We examined 3310 newborn baby boys and recorded external UGBDs. RESULTS Of the newborn boys 10.8% (357) had UGBDs; a multivariate logistic model showed that mothers who lived in villages sprayed with DDT between 1995 and 2003 had a significantly greater chance (33%) of having a baby with a UGBD than mothers whose homes were not sprayed (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.72). Being a homemaker instead of being employed further significantly increased the risk of having a baby with a UGBD by 41% (odds ratio 1.41, 1.13-1.77). CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to DDT by living in a DDT-sprayed village was associated to having male offspring with one or more UGBDs. Monitoring the impact of indoor residual spraying on human and environmental health is imperative if DDT is being used, especially as climate change raises concerns about the global spread of malaria. Integrating adequate indoor residual spraying measures by malarial vector control programmes, and increased public awareness to limit personal exposure, are crucial components that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana Bornman
- Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Rignell-Hydbom A, Lidfeldt J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Samsioe G, Agardh CD, Rylander L. Exposure to p,p'-DDE: a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7503. [PMID: 19838294 PMCID: PMC2759028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as PCBs, DDT and dioxins have in several cross-sectional studies shown strong associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Reversed causality can however not be excluded. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate whether POPs concentration is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Methodology/Principal Findings A case-control study was performed within a well-defined cohort of women, age 50–59 years, from the Southern part of Sweden. Biomarkers for POP exposure, 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p′-DDE) were analyzed in stored serum samples, which were collected at the baseline examination when the cohort was established. For 107 out of the 371 cases, serum samples were stored at least three years before their type 2 diabetes was diagnosed. In this data set, CB-153 and p,p′-DDE were not associated with an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes. However, when only the cases (n = 39) that were diagnosed more than six years after the baseline examination and their controls were studied, the women in the highest exposed quartile showed an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes (OR of 1.6 [95% 0.61, 4.0] for CB-153 and 5.5 [95% CI 1.2, 25] for p,p′-DDE). Conclusions/Significance The results from the present case-control study, including a follow-up design, confirms that p,p′-DDE exposure can be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rignell-Hydbom
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Xiao-feng Z, Nai-qiang Q, Jing Z, Zi L, Yang Z. Di (n-butyl) Phthalate Inhibits Testosterone Synthesis Through a Glucocorticoid-Mediated Pathway in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2009; 28:448-56. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581809342596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on investigating whether the inhibitory effect of di (n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) on testosterone (T) biosynthesis was mediated by the glucocorticoid (GC) pathway in prepubertal male rats and T production after the exposure to DBP ceased. Prepubertal male rats were administered DBP in corn oil orally at 0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg daily for 30 days. Serum T and GC were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The responses, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), type I 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1), and steroidogenesis acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the testes tissues, were determined by Western blotting and reverse transcriptase PCR. DBP exposure resulted in testicular toxicity, such as seminiferous tubule degeneration and a decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells. T was decreased and GC was increased in a DBP concentration-dependent manner in the exposure group. The expression of GR and 11β-HSD1 was significantly increased, with an associated decrease in expression of StAR. Neither the expression of the GR nor 11β-HSD1 and StAR were statistically significantly different in the postexposure group compared with the control. However, the weight and morphology of the testes did not recover in the postexposure group. These data suggest that DBP inhibits testosterone production through a GC-mediated pathway in prepubertal male rats, and after exposure to DBP ceases, testosterone biosynthesis returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xiao-feng
- From the Division of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZX-f, QN-q, LZ, ZY); and Division of Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health Monitor, Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZJ)
| | - Qu Nai-qiang
- From the Division of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZX-f, QN-q, LZ, ZY); and Division of Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health Monitor, Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZJ)
| | - Zheng Jing
- From the Division of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZX-f, QN-q, LZ, ZY); and Division of Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health Monitor, Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZJ)
| | - Li Zi
- From the Division of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZX-f, QN-q, LZ, ZY); and Division of Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health Monitor, Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZJ)
| | - Zhang Yang
- From the Division of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZX-f, QN-q, LZ, ZY); and Division of Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health Monitor, Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China (ZJ)
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