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Satoh M, Motokawa K, Uesawa Y, Ishikawa Y, Maeda H, Iida K, Tanaka H, Kosugi T, Nishizawa K. Study of the compatibility of oral magnesium oxide preparations sold in Japan with the ICH-Q3D guideline for elemental impurities. Drug Discov Ther 2021; 15:227-235. [PMID: 34719603 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium oxide has been widely used as an antacid and constipation remedy. Currently in Japan, magnesium oxide preparations manufactured by five medical companies are marketed as prescribed generic drugs. In this study, we focused on metal elemental impurities present in 330 mg magnesium oxide tablets manufactured by each of these companies. The content of such impurities was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We confirmed whether the content conformed to the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Guideline for Elemental Impurities (ICH-Q3D) based on the 30% control threshold. The content of these impurities varied among the five products (preparations A-E), but in all cases met the oral permitted daily exposure (PDE) criteria stipulated in ICH-Q3D. In 5 lots of preparation C and all lots of preparation D, the equivalent cadmium (Cd) intake for a daily maximum dosage of 2 g was higher than the 30% control threshold of 1.5 µg/day. By cluster analysis, preparations A-E were classified into preparations A + B and C + D + E and/or preparations A + B, C + D and E. The present study showed that all 5 preparations sold in Japan meet the PDE value standard of ICH-Q3D, and that preparations A and B meet the 30% control threshold. It is important that for preparations failing to meet the criteria, further improvements need to be sought, and impurities in magnesium oxide preparations need to be monitored to ensure their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Satoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Motokawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Maeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Iida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kosugi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Defence Medical College Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Omori Medical Center, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Buxton S, Taylor MD, Weinberg JT, Randazzo JM, Peachee VL, Oller A. A T-dependent antibody response evaluation in CD-1 mice after an acute whole-body inhalation exposure to nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:144-153. [PMID: 34644513 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1984618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) in ambient air may vary regionally with contributions from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Exposure to Ni compounds in ambient air above a certain level is associated with acute adverse effects, such as upper respiratory tract irritation, pneumonitis, and chronic adverse effects, such as respiratory cancer. Inhalation reference exposure standards are enacted in different jurisdictions to minimize exposures to ambient Ni above levels that can elicit adverse effects. This paper reports a guideline-/GLP-compliant study designed for setting inhalation exposure standards to protect from immunological effects associated with acute exposure to Ni. Female CD-1 mice were exposed via whole-body inhalation to aerosolized nickel chloride hexahydrate for 24-hr at nominal (vs. mean analyzed) concentrations of 20 (16), 50 (44) and 100 (81) µg Ni/m3. Host T-cell antibody immunological responses to intravenously-injected sheep red blood cells were then measured ex vivo in an Antibody-Forming Cell (AFC) assay. Exposure to the Ni substance significantly decreased spleen cell levels by 33%, but this was within biological variability for outbred mice. No concurrent decreases in spleen, thymus, or body weights were noted. No immunosuppression was observed with the Ni substance in the context of Total Spleen Activity [IgM AFC/spleen (× 103)] and Specific Activity [IgM AFC/spleen cells (× 106)]. Significant concentration-independent increases in Total Spleen Activity and Specific Activity seen with the nickel chloride hexahydrate were normal and within biological variability for outbred mice. In contrast, cyclophosphamide (positive control) significantly decreased spleen cell numbers, spleen and thymus weights, and abolished Specific Activity and Total Spleen Activity. Based on results here, an NOAEC of 81 µg Ni/m3 for immunosuppressive effects from inhaled nickel chloride hexahydrate was identified. It is hoped this value can be used to derive a reference standard for human exposure to ambient Ni.
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Dutton MD, Thorn R, Lau W, Vasiluk L, Hale B. Gastric bioaccessibility is a conservative measure of nickel bioavailability after oral exposure: Evidence from Ni-contaminated soil, pure Ni substances and Ni alloys. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115830. [PMID: 33162217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral bioaccessibility (BAc) is a surrogate for the bioavailability (BAv) of a broad range of substances, reflecting the value that the approach offers for assessing oral exposure and risk. BAc is generally considered to have been validated as a proxy for oral BAv for the important soil contaminants Pb, Cd, and As. Here, using literature data for Ni BAc and BAv, we confirmed that Ni BAc (gastric only, with HCl mimicking stomach conditions) is a conservative measure of BAv for the oral exposure pathway. Measured oral BAv of Ni in soil was shown to be 50-100 times less than the simplest oral BAc estimates (%BAv = 0.012(%BAc) - 0.023 (r = 0.701, 95%CI [0.456, 0.847], n = 30)) in rats, demonstrating a significant conservatism for exposure assessment. The relationship between the oral BAv and BAc of nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NSHH) was comparable to that of soil, with measured oral BAv of NSHH (1.94%) being a small fraction of NSHH gastric BAc (91.1%). BAc and BAv reflect the underlying Ni speciation of the sample, with the bioaccessible leaching limits being represented by the highly soluble Ni salts and the poorly soluble Ni monoxide, and the environmental (e.g. soil properties) or gastric (e.g. food present) conditions. BAc has potential utility for chemical classification purposes because pure Ni substances can be grouped by %BAc values(using standardized methodologies for the relevant exposure routes), these groupings reflecting the underlying chemistry and speciation of the samples of substances tested here, with 0.008% %BAc for alloys (SS304, SS316, Inconel, Monel), <1% in green NiO and Ni metal massives, 0.9-23.6% for Ni powders, 9.8-22.7% for Ni sulfides, 26.3-29.6% for black oxidic Ni, and 82-91% for the soluble Ni salts. Oral BAc provides realistic yet conservative estimates of BAv for the hazard classification and risk assessment of Ni substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Dutton
- BioProcess Assist (BPA) Ltd, 8579 Appleby Line, Campbellville, ON, L0P 1B0, Canada.
| | - Ryan Thorn
- Stantec, 420 Joseph Street, New Hamburg, ON, Canada.
| | - Wilson Lau
- Pinchin, 2470 Milltower Court, Mississauga, ON, L5N 7W5, Canada.
| | - Luba Vasiluk
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Beverly Hale
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Prueitt RL, Li W, Chang YC, Boffetta P, Goodman JE. Systematic review of the potential respiratory carcinogenicity of metallic nickel in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:605-639. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1803792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Buxton S, Voges Y, Donath C, Oller A. Gene (HPRT) and chromosomal (MN) mutations of nickel metal powder in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111688. [PMID: 32014793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel metal is a naturally occurring element used in many industrial and consumer applications. Human epidemiological data and animal cancer bioassays indicate that nickel metal is not likely to be a human carcinogen. Yet, nickel metal is classified as a suspected human carcinogen (CLP) and possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC). There are no reliable studies on the potential for nickel metal to induce gene and micronucleus (MN) mutations. To fill these datagaps and increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the lack of nickel metal carcinogenicity, gene and micronucleus mutation studies were conducted with nickel metal powder (N36F) in V79 Chinese Hamster cells following OECD 476 and 487 guidelines, respectively, under GLP. Gene mutation at the hprt locus was tested, with and without metabolic activation, after 4-h treatment with 0.05-2.5 mM nickel metal powder. Cytokinesis-block MN frequency following exposure to 0.25-1.5 mM nickel metal was tested after 4-h treatment, with and without metabolic activation, followed by a 24-h treatment without metabolic activation. In the gene mutation assay, there were modest increases in hprt mutants observed at some test concentrations, not exceeding 2.2-fold, which were either within the historical control values and/or showed no concentration-response trend. The positive controls showed increases of at least 7-fold. Likewise, no increases in the MN frequency exceeding 1.5-fold were observed with nickel metal, with no concentration-response trends. Taking these results together, it can be concluded that nickel metal is non-mutagenic and does not cause gene nor chromosomal mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Buxton
- NiPERA Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713 USA
| | - Yvonne Voges
- Department of in vitro Pharmacology/Toxicology, Eurofins BioPharma Product Testing Munich GmbH, Behringstr. 6/8, D82152 Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Donath
- Department of in vitro Pharmacology/Toxicology, Eurofins BioPharma Product Testing Munich GmbH, Behringstr. 6/8, D82152 Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana Oller
- NiPERA Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713 USA
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Jiang Z, Ye Y, Zhang X, Pan B. Validation of a combined Fe(III)/UV/NaOH process for efficient removal of carboxyl complexed Ni from synthetic and authentic effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:917-924. [PMID: 31519100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel, massively used in plating industry but detrimental to ecosystem, tends to form stable complexes with organic additives in industrial effluents. Currently, most of the available processes aim at water decontamination from free toxic metal ions and thus, could not effectively remove nickel-carboxyl complexes from water. Herein, we employed a proprietary combined process Fe(III)/UV/NaOH, namely Fe(III) displacement and UV irradiation followed by alkaline precipitation, to validate its feasibility on the efficient removal of nickel-carboxyl complexes from synthetic and authentic effluents. Fe(III)/UV/NaOH outperformed other commonly used processes including NaOH precipitation, UV/NaOH, Fe(III) coagulation, and Fenton/NaOH. Each unit of the combined process was optimized, and the underlying mechanism was elucidated. Fe(III) displacement favored the stoichiometric release of free nickel ions and formation of Fe(III)-carboxyl complexes, which could be decarboxylated via ligand-metal charge transfer under UV irradiation. The precipitation unit aims at simultaneously removing the released Ni along with Fe species. Attractively, the presence of other organic species (ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate and humic acid) and anions (chloride and sulfate) exerted very slight effect on the final Ni removal, whereas greatly adverse effect occurred on the Fenton process under similar conditions. The feasibility of the combined process was validated by testing on an authentic electroplating effluent, resulting in the residual Ni below 0.1 mg/L, the most stringent discharge standard for Ni in electroplating effluent in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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7
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Dutton MD, Vasiluk L, Ford F, Bellantino Perco M, Taylor SR, Lopez K, Bolger GT, Gopalapillai Y, Hale B. Towards an exposure narrative for metals and arsenic in historically contaminated Ni refinery soils: Relationships between speciation, bioavailability, and bioaccessibility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:805-818. [PMID: 31195288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Archived soils contaminated with Ni, Cu, Co, and As from legacy operations of a nickel refinery at Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada were speciated using mineral liberation analysis. Four Ni minerals were identified as fingerprint compounds of the historical refinery emissions. Cu and Co were present in solid solution in these minerals due to their presence in the refinery's feed. The highest concentrations of Ni, Cu, Co, and As in these soils were 18,553, 1915, 196, and 79mg/kg, respectively, these elevated contaminant concentrations attesting to the importance of incidental soil ingestion to the oral exposure pathway in Port Colborne. The in vitro gastric bioaccessibility (BAc) was determined for these contaminants, as was in vivo oral bioavailability (BAv), using a mass balance approach in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In spite of the elevated soil concentrations of Cu, the BAv of this physiologically important metal could not be distinguished from that in commercial rat chow, suggesting low potential for exposure. Co and As also had low apparent BAv (<2%). For Ni, baseline oral BAv of naturally sourced dietary Ni was found to be approximately 2%, as was the oral BAv of Ni from nickel sulfate hexahydrate. The mass balances of NiSO4·6H2O were fully accounted-for in urine and feces after a single gavage dose, indicating little to no organ incorporation from this highly soluble salt. Therefore, the urinary estimates of Ni BAv for these soils were assumed to represent true BAv despite variable fecal recoveries. The high Ni concentrations enabled BAc-BAv relationships to be developed for these contaminated soils. For absolute bioavailability (ABA) and relative bioavailability (RBA) the relationships were: ABA=0.0116(BAc)-0.0479 and RBA=0.5542(BAc)-2.2817. These findings will advance the development of robust exposure narratives for soil metal contamination in Port Colborne and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Dutton
- BioProcess Assist (BPA) Ltd., 8579 Appleby Line, Campbellville, Ontario L0P 1B0, Canada.
| | - Luba Vasiluk
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Frederick Ford
- Vale Canada Limited, Technology Development, 2060 Flavelle Boulevard, Sheridan Park, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 1Z9, Canada
| | - Maria Bellantino Perco
- Vale Canada Limited, Port Colborne Refinery, 187 Davis Street, Port Colborne, Ontario L3K 5W2, Canada
| | - Simon R Taylor
- Departments of Chemistry and Toxicology, Nucro-technics, 2000 Ellesmere Road Unit #16, Scarborough, Ontario M1H 2W4, Canada
| | - Karen Lopez
- Departments of Chemistry and Toxicology, Nucro-technics, 2000 Ellesmere Road Unit #16, Scarborough, Ontario M1H 2W4, Canada
| | - Gordon T Bolger
- Departments of Chemistry and Toxicology, Nucro-technics, 2000 Ellesmere Road Unit #16, Scarborough, Ontario M1H 2W4, Canada
| | - Yamini Gopalapillai
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Beverly Hale
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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8
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Ghazali S, Fan J, Du J, Peng X. Mito-targeted "turn-on" fluorescent probe for nickel (II) detection. Methods 2019; 168:24-28. [PMID: 31028928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we unveil a new highly selective and sensitive mito-tracker (NiP) for Ni2+ detection. NiP itself held very weak fluorescence and exhibited a high selectivity (≥160-fold) toward Ni2+ over other metal ions, with a limit of detection of 21.6 nmol. We demonstrate the practicality of NiP for the rapid determination of Ni2+ levels in mitochondria of living cells. This approach offers advantages by being fast, simple and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghazali
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
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9
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Abstract
Nickel (Ni) metal and Ni compounds are widely used in applications like stainless steel, alloys, and batteries. Nickel is a naturally occurring element in water, soil, air, and living organisms, and is essential to microorganisms and plants. Thus, human and environmental nickel exposures are ubiquitous. Production and use of nickel and its compounds can, however, result in additional exposures to humans and the environment. Notable human health toxicity effects identified from human and/or animal studies include respiratory cancer, non-cancer toxicity effects following inhalation, dermatitis, and reproductive effects. These effects have thresholds, with indirect genotoxic and epigenetic events underlying the threshold mode of action for nickel carcinogenicity. Differences in human toxicity potencies/potentials of different nickel chemical forms are correlated with the bioavailability of the Ni2+ ion at target sites. Likewise, Ni2+ has been demonstrated to be the toxic chemical species in the environment, and models have been developed that account for the influence of abiotic factors on the bioavailability and toxicity of Ni2+ in different habitats. Emerging issues regarding the toxicity of nickel nanoforms and metal mixtures are briefly discussed. This review is unique in its covering of both human and environmental nickel toxicity data.
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Haber LT, Bates HK, Allen BC, Vincent MJ, Oller AR. Derivation of an oral toxicity reference value for nickel. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 87 Suppl 1:S1-S18. [PMID: 28300623 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is in the earth's crust and can be found in environmental compartments such as water, soil, and air, as well as food. This paper presents an assessment of the oral nickel toxicity data in support of non-cancer health-based oral exposure limits or toxicity reference values (TRVs). This paper derives TRVs for three populations of interest: adults, toddlers, and people who have been dermally sensitized to nickel. The adult/lifetime TRV of 20 μg Ni/kg-day is based on post-implantation loss/perinatal mortality in a 2-generation reproductive study in rats. Several recent assessments by regulatory agencies have used the same study and endpoint, but the dose-response modeling conducted here was more appropriate for the study design. Toxicokinetic data from rats and humans indicate that the applied uncertainty factors are very conservative. Because the endpoint relates to fetal exposure and is not relevant to toddlers, a toddler TRV was derived based on decreased body weight in young rats; this TRV was also 20 μg Ni/kg-day. A separate TRV of 4 μg Ni/kg in addition to Ni in food was derived for protection of nickel-sensitized populations from flare-up of dermatitis, based on studies of single exposures in humans under conditions that maximize oral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne T Haber
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45267, USA.
| | - Hudson K Bates
- NiPERA Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Bruce C Allen
- Independent Consultant, 101 Corbin Hill Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Melissa J Vincent
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45267, USA
| | - Adriana R Oller
- NiPERA Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Oller
- NiPERA Inc. (Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association); Durham NC USA
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12
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Oller AR, Oberdörster G, Seilkop SK. Derivation of PM10 size-selected human equivalent concentrations of inhaled nickel based on cancer and non-cancer effects on the respiratory tract. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 26:559-78. [PMID: 25055843 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.932034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Nickel (Ni) in ambient air is predominantly present in the form of oxides and sulfates, with the distribution of Ni mass between the fine (particle aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm; PM2.5) and coarser (2.5-10 µm) size-selected aerosol fractions of PM10 dependent on the aerosol's origin. When deriving a long-term health protective reference concentration for Ni in ambient air, the respiratory toxicity and carcinogenicity effects of the predominant Ni compounds in ambient air must be considered. Dosimetric adjustments to account for differences in aerosol particle size and respiratory tract deposition and/or clearance among rats, workers, and the general public were applied to experimentally- and epidemiologically-determined points of departure (PODs) such as no(low)-effect concentrations, for both cancer and non-cancer respiratory effects. This approach resulted in the derivation of threshold-based PM10 size-selected equivalent concentrations (modified PODs) of 0.5 µg Ni/m(3) based on workers' cancer effects and 9-11 µg Ni/m(3) based on rodent respiratory toxicity effects. Sources of uncertainty in exposure extrapolations are described. These are not reference concentrations; rather the derived PM10 size-selected modified PODs can be used as the starting point for the calculation of ambient air reference concentrations for Ni. The described approach is equally applicable to other particulates.
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13
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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14
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Khlifi R, Olmedo P, Gil F, Feki-Tounsi M, Chakroun A, Rebai A, Hamza-Chaffai A. Blood nickel and chromium levels in association with smoking and occupational exposure among head and neck cancer patients in Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8282-8294. [PMID: 23625117 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) has long been recognized as being capable to increase head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence among exposed human populations. This study represents the first biomonitoring of Cr and Ni exposure in Tunisia and focuses on a possible association with HNC risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of Cr and Ni in the blood of HNC patients and controls. Metals blood levels of 169 HNC patients and 351 controls were determined using a Perkin-Elmer Analyst 800 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Mean blood levels of Cr and Ni in HNC cases (52.15 and 111.60 μg/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of controls (37.04 and 30.50 μg/L, respectively). Cases' blood levels of Cr and Ni were significantly higher than those of controls after controlling for the other risk factors of HNC, including smoking, shisha consumption, occupational exposure, and nearby environment (P<0.05). Among these risk factors, smoking and occupational exposure presented the most significant association with HNC (odds ratio (OR)=6.54 and 7.66, respectively, P<0.001). Cr and Ni levels in blood sample of cases and controls that are smoker/occupationally exposed were higher than that of non-smoker/non-occupationally exposed (P<0.05). Smokers who are occupationally exposed present the most significant association with HNC (OR=25.08, P<0.0001). High levels of blood Cr (OR=2.09) and high levels of blood Ni (OR=8.87) were strongly associated with HNC after other potential confounders were controlled (P=0.004 and P<0.0001, respectively). This study suggested a potential role of Cr and Ni in the mechanism of HNC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Khlifi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia,
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15
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Bhattacharjee S, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H, Woutersen RA, Rietjens IMCM, Alink GM. Role of surface charge in bioavailability and biodistribution of tri-block copolymer nanoparticles in rats after oral exposure. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx20072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Henderson RG, Cappellini D, Seilkop SK, Bates HK, Oller AR. Oral bioaccessibility testing and read-across hazard assessment of nickel compounds. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 63:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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De Brouwere K, Buekers J, Cornelis C, Schlekat CE, Oller AR. Assessment of indirect human exposure to environmental sources of nickel: oral exposure and risk characterization for systemic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 419:25-36. [PMID: 22285091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the indirect human exposure to Ni via the oral route for the regional scale in the EU, together with a method to assess additional local exposure from industrial emissions. The approach fills a gap in the generic REACH guidance which is inadequate for assessing indirect environmental exposure of metals. Estimates of regional scale Ni dietary intake were derived from Ni dietary studies performed in the EU. Typical and Reasonable Worst Case dietary Ni intakes for the general population in the EU were below the oral Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) of Ni sulfate for systemic effects. Estimates for the Ni dietary intake at the local scale take into account the influence of aerial Ni deposition and transfer from soil to crops grown near industrial plants emitting Ni. The additional dietary exposure via this local contribution was small. Despite the use of conservative parameters for these processes, this method may underestimate dietary exposure around older industrial sites because REACH guidance does not account for historical soil contamination. Nevertheless, the method developed here can also be used as a screening tool for community-based risk assessment, as it accounts for historical soil pollution. Nickel exposure via drinking water was derived from databases on Ni tap water quality. A small proportion of the EU population (<5%) is likely to be exposed to tap water exceeding the EU standard (20 μg Ni/l). Taking into account the relative gastrointestinal absorption of Ni from water (30%) versus from solid matrices (5%), water intake constitutes, after dietary intake, the second most important pathway for oral Ni intake. Incidental ingestion of Ni from soil/dust at the regional scale, and also at the local scale, was low in comparison with dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen De Brouwere
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Dodd D, Willson G, Parkinson H, Bermudez E. Two-year drinking water carcinogenicity study of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in Wistar rats. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:593-606. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darol Dodd
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences; 6 Davis Drive; Research Triangle Park; NC; 27709-2137; USA
| | - Gabrielle Willson
- EPL North Carolina; PO Box 12766; Research Triangle Park; NC; 27709; USA
| | - Horace Parkinson
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences; 6 Davis Drive; Research Triangle Park; NC; 27709-2137; USA
| | - Edilberto Bermudez
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences; 6 Davis Drive; Research Triangle Park; NC; 27709-2137; USA
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Yuan TH, Lian IB, Tsai KY, Chang TK, Chiang CT, Su CC, Hwang YH. Possible association between nickel and chromium and oral cancer: a case-control study in central Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:1046-1052. [PMID: 21195455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in Taiwan. Changhua County, in central Taiwan, has an extremely high prevalence of oral cancer, along with a high concentration of metal-related industries and soil metal contamination. The aim of this study was to clarify the possible association between metals and oral cancer within this specific area. This study recruited 101 oral cancer patients and 104 controls from the Changhua Christian Hospital. All subjects completed a questionnaire that asked about demographic information; cigarette, alcohol, and betel quid use; and environmental and occupational exposure history. Blood samples were collected and tested for metal concentrations with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A multiple logistic regression model illustrated that oral cancer was significantly associated with the blood levels of nickel and chromium (both with P<0.0001) after controlling for potential confounders. This study suggested a potential role of these two metals in the mechanism of oral cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Occupational Medicine & Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
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Cameron KS, Buchner V, Tchounwou PB. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity: a literature review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2011; 26:81-92. [PMID: 21905451 PMCID: PMC3172618 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2011.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nickel, a naturally occurring element that exists in various mineral forms, is mainly found in soil and sediment, and its mobilization is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil. Industrial sources of nickel include metallurgical processes such as electroplating, alloy production, stainless steel, and nickel-cadmium batteries. Nickel industries, oil- and coal-burning power plants, and trash incinerators have been implicated in its release into the environment. In humans, nickel toxicity is influenced by the route of exposure, dose, and solubility of the nickel compound. Lung inhalation is the major route of exposure for nickel-induced toxicity. Nickel can also be ingested or absorbed through the skin. The primary target organs are the kidneys and lungs. Other organs such as the liver, spleen, heart, and testes can also be affected to a lesser extent. Although the most common health effect is an allergic reaction, research has also demonstrated that nickel is carcinogenic to humans. The focus of the present review is on recent research concerning the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. We first present a background on the occurrence of nickel in the environment, human exposure, and human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuna S. Cameron
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | | | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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Goodman JE, Prueitt RL, Thakali S, Oller AR. The nickel ion bioavailability model of the carcinogenic potential of nickel-containing substances in the lung. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 41:142-74. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.531460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Oller AR, Cappellini D, Henderson RG, Bates HK. Temperature effect on nickel release in ammonium citrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:1697-9. [PMID: 19724840 DOI: 10.1039/b909157b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leaching in ammonium citrate has been extensively used to assess the fraction of water-soluble nickel compounds present in nickel producing and using workplace aerosols. Leaching in ammonium citrate according to the first step of the Zatka protocol was found to overestimate the water-soluble nickel fraction by more than ten-fold compared to synthetic lung fluid (37 degrees C), when nickel carbonate and subsulfide were present. These results suggest that exposure matrices based on this method should be reexamined. Leaching studies of refinery particles are needed to further clarify this important issue.
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Di Pietro A, Visalli G, Munaò F, Baluce B, La Maestra S, Primerano P, Corigliano F, De Flora S. Oxidative damage in human epithelial alveolar cells exposed in vitro to oil fly ash transition metals. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; 212:196-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oller AR, Cappellini D, Henderson RG, Bates HK. Comparison of nickel release in solutions used for the identification of water-soluble nickel exposures and in synthetic lung fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:823-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b820926j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Inhalation carcinogenicity study with nickel metal powder in Wistar rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 233:262-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kolesarova A, Capcarova M, Arpasova H, Kalafova A, Massanyi P, Lukac N, Kovacik J, Schneidgenova M. Nickel-induced blood biochemistry alterations in hens after an experimental peroral administration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2008; 43:625-632. [PMID: 18803118 DOI: 10.1080/03601230802234781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine certain blood biochemical parameters in hens of Isa Brown breed (n = 20) after nickel administration. Animals were divided into four groups (K, P1, P2, P3). Experimental hens (n = 5; in each group) received nickel (NiCl2) as peroral administration in drinking water in various doses (P1 - 0.02 g NiCl2/L; P2 - 0.2 g NiCl2/L; P3 - 2.0 g NiCl2/L of drinking water) for 28 days. The last group - K (n = 5) was the control, receiving no nickel. Biochemical parameters of mineral profile (calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; sodium; potassium) and of energy and enzymatic profile [(glucose; total cholesterol; total proteins; triglycerides; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and glutamatdehydrogenase (GLDH)] were analyzed in blood serum on Day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the experiment. Average levels of mineral metabolism parameters were relatively stable apart from calcium. The evaluation registered a significant decrease in calcium during the experiment mainly in the group with highest nickel concentration in drinking water. No significant differences were detected between groups in energy and enzymatic profile apart from the concentrations of ALT on Day 7. In conclusion, there were significant associations between nickel levels and calcium and ALT in blood serum of the hens. No significant differences were detected in other biochemical parameters of mineral profile (P, Mg, Na, K) and energy and enzymatic profile (glucose, total cholesterol, total proteins, triglycerides, AST, GGT and GLDH) after nickel administration. Our results may contribute to an evaluation of reference levels of analyzed parameters, to monitor the health and nutritional status of hens. In this study also the negative effect of nickel mainly on calcium metabolism was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Kolesarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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