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Kamata S, Ishii I. 2D-DIGE Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Liver Within 1 Week. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2596:217-230. [PMID: 36378442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several years have passed since LC (liquid chromatography)-MS (mass spectrometry) became the mainstream for proteomic analysis; however, conventional fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) continues to be an important technology that enables rapid and direct visualization of hundreds to thousands of proteins and their quantitative analyses. We can get global proteomic views using 2D-DIGE within 3 days and then identify proteins with differential expression levels using MALDI-TOF/MS and MASCOT search engine. Here, we describe our routine 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis of the liver isolated from mice in pathological conditions within 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Akahoshi N, Kamichatani W, Ishii I. Homocysteine Hypothesis on the Impaired Peripheral but Not Central Nervous System Oxytocin Responses in Cystathionine γ-Lyase-Deficient Dam Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1810-1813. [PMID: 33132327 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An elevated plasma homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and pregnancy complications. We recently demonstrated partial lactation failure in cystathionine γ-lyase-deficient (Cth-/-) dam mice and their defective oxytocin responses in peripheral tissues: uterine (ex vivo) and mammary gland (in vivo). We reasoned that elevated levels of circulatory homocysteine in Cth-/- dam mice counteract with oxytocin-dependent milk ejection from the mammary gland. Based on our observation that those mice displayed normal maternal behaviors against their pups and adult Cth-/- male mice exhibited normal social behaviors against adult wild-type female mice, both of which are regulated by oxytocin in the central nervous system (CNS), we conducted the present study to investigate the amino acid profiles, including total homocysteine, in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of wild-type and Cth-/- female mice before pregnancy and at day 1 of lactation (L1). Serum levels of total homocysteine in wild-type and Cth-/- L1 dam mice were 9.44 and 188 µmol/L, respectively, whereas their CSF levels were below 0.21 (limit of quantification) and 3.62 µmol/L, respectively. Their CSF/serum level ratio was the lowest (1/51.9) among all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, sulfur-containing amino acids, and citrulline/ornithine in Cth-/- mice. Therefore, we hypothesize that the blood-brain barrier protects the CNS from high levels of circulatory homocysteine in Cth-/- dam mice, thereby conferring normal oxytocin-dependent maternal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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3
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Shinkai Y, Kumagai Y. Sulfane Sulfur in Toxicology: A Novel Defense System Against Electrophilic Stress. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:3-9. [PMID: 30985901 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophiles can undergo covalent modification of cellular proteins associated with its dysfunction, thereby exerting toxicity. Small nucleophilic molecules such as glutathione protect cells from electrophilic insult by binding covalently to electrophiles to form adducts that are excreted into the extracellular space. Recent studies indicate that sulfane sulfur, which is defined as a sulfur atom with 6 valence electrons and no charge, plays an essential role in protection against electrophile toxicity because sulfane sulfur can be highly nucleophilic compared to the corresponding thiol group. Advances in the development of assays to detect sulfane sulfur have revealed that sulfane sulfur-containing molecules such as persulfide/polysulfide species are ubiquitous in cells and tissues. Also, there is growing evidence that the binding of sulfane sulfur to electrophiles forms sulfur adducts as detoxified metabolites. Although the biosynthesis pathways of sulfane sulfur are known, its regulatory function in toxicology is still unclear. This review outlines the current knowledge of the synthesis, chemical properties, detection methods, interactions with electrophiles, and toxicological significance of sulfane sulfur, as well as suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
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4
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Analysis of plasma metabolic profile, characteristics and enzymes in the progression from chronic hepatitis B to hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14949-14965. [PMID: 32701483 PMCID: PMC7425494 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important factor causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic characteristics and related metabolic enzyme changes during the progression from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to liver cirrhosis (LC) and, ultimately, to HCC. An untargeted metabolomics assay was performed in plasma from 50 healthy volunteers, 43 CHB patients, 67 LC patients, and 39 HCC patients. A total of 24 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified. Joint pathway analysis suggested striking changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism from CHB to HCC. The panel of L-serine, creatine and glycine distinguished LC from CHB, and L-serine, cystathionine, creatine and linoleic acid distinguished HCC from LC. Bioinformatic analysis of publicly available data showed that differential metabolite profile-associated enzyme genes, including alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase-2 (AGXT2), D-amino-acid oxidase (DAO), and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), were downregulated, while bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) and acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 (ACOT7) were upregulated, in HCC, all of which correlated with a poor prognosis for HCC patients. Our results indicated that serum metabolites and related enzymes are of considerable significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC and can provide a theoretical basis and therapeutic index for future diagnosis and treatment.
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5
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Akahoshi N, Minakawa T, Miyashita M, Sugiyama U, Saito C, Takemoto R, Honda A, Kamichatani W, Kamata S, Anan Y, Ishii I. Increased Urinary 3-Mercaptolactate Excretion and Enhanced Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis in Mice Lacking Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase, a Model of Mercaptolactate-Cysteine Disulfiduria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030818. [PMID: 32012740 PMCID: PMC7038117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (Mpst) and its homolog thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Tst = rhodanese) detoxify cyanide to thiocyanate. Mpst is attracting attention as one of the four endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S)/reactive sulfur species (RSS)-producing enzymes, along with cystathionine β-synthase (Cbs), cystathionine γ-lyase (Cth), and cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (Cars2). MPST deficiency was found in 1960s among rare hereditary mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria patients. Mpst-knockout (KO) mice with enhanced liver Tst expression were recently generated as its model; however, the physiological roles/significances of Mpst remain largely unknown. Here we generated three independent germ lines of Mpst-KO mice by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, all of which maintained normal hepatic Tst expression/activity. Mpst/Cth-double knockout (DKO) mice were generated via crossbreeding with our previously generated Cth-KO mice. Mpst-KO mice were born at the expected frequency and developed normally like Cth-KO mice, but displayed increased urinary 3-mercaptolactate excretion and enhanced passive systemic anaphylactic responses when compared to wild-type or Cth-KO mice. Mpst/Cth-DKO mice were also born at the expected frequency and developed normally, but excreted slightly more 3-mercaptolactate in urine compared to Mpst-KO or Cth-KO mice. Our Mpst-KO, Cth-KO, and Mpst/Cth-DKO mice, unlike semi-lethal Cbs-KO mice and lethal Cars2-KO mice, are useful tools for analyzing the unknown physiological roles of endogenous H2S/RSS production.
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6
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Nrf2 Activation and Its Coordination with the Protective Defense Systems in Response to Electrophilic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020545. [PMID: 31952233 PMCID: PMC7013553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses mediated by sensor proteins are important for biological defense against electrophilic stresses, such as xenobiotic electrophile exposure. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has an essential function as a master regulator of such cytoprotective molecular responses along with sensor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. This review focuses on Nrf2 activation and its involvement with the protective defense systems under electrophilic stresses integrated with our recent findings that reactive sulfur species (RSS) mediate detoxification of electrophiles. The Nrf2 pathway does not function redundantly with the RSS-generating cystathionine γ-lyase pathway, and vice versa.
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7
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Postnatal Acetaminophen and Potential Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder among Males. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10010026. [PMID: 31906400 PMCID: PMC7017213 DOI: 10.3390/bs10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence from the literature suggests that postnatal acetaminophen exposure may be associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a data set obtained from a previous study that was derived from an Internet-based survey among parents on 1515 children from the US, an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and gender-specific aORs for doses of postnatal acetaminophen provided before age two were calculated against the outcome of ASD. Separately, parental uncertainty on the number of doses of acetaminophen provided was analyzed. A population attributable fraction (PAF) associated with postnatal acetaminophen exposure before age two for ASD among males was also estimated. Postnatal acetaminophen exposure, measured in doses before age two, was found to be associated with ASD among male children (aOR 1.023, CI 1.005–1.043, p = 0.020*), and parental uncertainty on the number of doses of acetaminophen provided before age two was also found to be associated with ASD. Using this data set, the PAF associated with postnatal acetaminophen was estimated to be about 40% of the risk of ASD among male children in the US. These results suggest the possibility that postnatal acetaminophen may be a significant contributor to the risk of ASD among males in the US.
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Akahoshi N, Yokoyama A, Nagata T, Miura A, Kamata S, Ishii I. Abnormal Amino Acid Profiles of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid from Cystathionine β-Synthase-Deficient Mice, an Animal Model of Homocystinuria. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1054-1057. [PMID: 31155583 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental retardation is the most common feature among inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. Patients with homocystinuria/homocysteinemia caused by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency suffer from thromboembolism and mental retardation from early ages; therefore, detection by newborn screening is performed. Furthermore, elevated levels of serum homocysteine during pregnancy are associated with the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in newborns. However, the causes of such central nervous system (CNS) defects are unknown. We found previously impaired learning abilities in Cbs-deficient (Cbs-/-) mice (but not NTD births). Here, we investigated the amino acid profiles of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Cbs-/- mice. Mice deficient in cystathionine γ-lyase (Cth), a downstream enzyme of CBS in transsulfuration, as well as wild-type mice, were analyzed as controls. Cbs-/- and Cth-/- mice were smaller than wild-type mice, and CSF yields in Cbs-/- mice were lower than the others. CSF amino acid levels were generally lower than those in serum, and compared with the dramatic amino acid level alterations in Cbs-/- mouse serum, alterations in CSF were less apparent. However, marked upregulation (versus wild-type) of aspartic acid/asparagine (Asp/Asn), glutamine (Gln), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), methionine (Met), total homocysteine, and citrulline, and downregulation of lysine (Lys) were found in Cbs-/- mouse CSF. Because similar regulation of total homocysteine/citrulline/Lys was observed in the CSF of Cth-/- mice, which are free of CNS dysfunction, the reduced CSF volumes and the level changes of other amino acids could be relevant to Cbs-/--specific CNS defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoko Nagata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Asumi Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University.,Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University.,Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
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9
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Akahoshi N, Handa H, Takemoto R, Kamata S, Yoshida M, Onaka T, Ishii I. Preeclampsia-Like Features and Partial Lactation Failure in Mice Lacking Cystathionine γ-Lyase-An Animal Model of Cystathioninuria. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143507. [PMID: 31319489 PMCID: PMC6679037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well as preeclampsia—a pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. We previously generated mice lacking cystathionine γ-lyase (Cth) as cystathioninuria models and found them to be with cystathioninemia/homocysteinemia. We investigated whether Cth-deficient (Cth−/−) pregnant mice display any features of preeclampsia. Cth−/− females developed normally but showed mild hypertension (~10 mmHg systolic blood pressure elevation) in late pregnancy and mild proteinuria throughout development/pregnancy. Cth−/− dams had normal numbers of pups and exhibited normal maternal behavior except slightly lower breastfeeding activity. However, half of them could not raise their pups owing to defective lactation; they could produce/store the first milk in their mammary glands but not often provide milk to their pups after the first ejection. The serum oxytocin levels and oxytocin receptor expression in the mammary glands were comparable between wild-type and Cth−/− dams, but the contraction responses of mammary gland myoepithelial cells to oxytocin were significantly lower in Cth−/− dams. The contraction responses to oxytocin were lower in uteruses isolated from Cth−/− mice. Our results suggest that elevated homocysteine or other unknown factors in preeclampsia-like Cth−/− dams interfere with oxytocin that regulates milk ejection reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Akahoshi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroki Handa
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Rintaro Takemoto
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Masahide Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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10
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Dietary selenium deficiency or selenomethionine excess drastically alters organ selenium contents without altering the expression of most selenoproteins in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:120-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Feng Q, Zhao N, Xia W, Liang C, Dai G, Yang J, Sun J, Liu L, Luo L, Yang J. Integrative proteomics and immunochemistry analysis of the factors in the necrosis and repair in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6561-6581. [PMID: 30417486 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver injury (AILI) is a significant clinical problem worldwide, the hepatotoxicity mechanisms are well elucidated, but the factors involved in the necrosis and repair still remain to be investigated. APAP was injected intraperitoneally in male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Quantitative proteome analysis of liver tissues was performed by 2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl tagging, two-dimensional-nano high-performance liquid chromatography separation, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. Diffrenetial proteins were verified by the immunochemistry method. 36 and 44 differentially expressed proteins were identified, respectively, at 24 hr after APAP (200 or 300 mg·kg -1 ) administration. The decrease in the mitochondrial protective proteins Prdx6, Prdx3, and Aldh2 accounted for the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes, impairing mitochondria structure and function. The Gzmf combined with Bax and Apaf-1 jointly contributed to the necrosis. The blockage of Stat3 activation led to the overexpression of unphosphorylated Stat3 and the overproduction of Bax. The overexpression of unphosphorylated Stat3 represented necrosis; the alternation from Stat3 to p-Stat3 in necrotic regions represented hepatocytes from death to renewal. The high expressions of P4hα1, Ncam, α-SMA, and Cygb were involved in the liver repair, they were not only the markers of activated HSC but also represented an intermediate stage of hepatocytes from damage or necrosis to renewal. Our data provided a comprehensive report on the profile and dynamic changes of the liver proteins in AILI; the involvement of Gzmf and the role of Stat3 in necrosis were revealed; and the role of hepatocyte in liver self-repair was well clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Ningwei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Shimadzu Biomedical Research Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - ChengJie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jingxia Sun
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Lanying Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Kamata S, Yamamoto J, Ohtani H, Tosaka Y, Yoshikawa S, Akahoshi N, Ishii I. 2D DIGE proteomic analysis reveals fasting-induced protein remodeling through organ-specific transcription factor(s) in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1524-1543. [PMID: 30186752 PMCID: PMC6120221 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnight fasting is a routine procedure before surgery in clinical settings. Intermittent fasting is the most common diet/fitness trend implemented for weight loss and the treatment of lifestyle‐related diseases. In either setting, the effects not directly related to parameters of interest, either beneficial or harmful, are often ignored. We previously demonstrated differential activation of cellular adaptive responses in 13 atrophied/nonatrophied organs of fasted mice by quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression. Here, we investigated 2‐day fasting‐induced protein remodeling in six major mouse organs (liver, kidney, thymus, spleen, brain, and testis) using two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) proteomics as an alternative means to examine systemic adaptive responses. Quantitative analysis of protein expression followed by protein identification using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) revealed that the expression levels of 72, 26, and 14 proteins were significantly up‐ or downregulated in the highly atrophied liver, thymus, and spleen, respectively, and the expression levels of 32 proteins were up‐ or downregulated in the mildly atrophied kidney. Conversely, there were no significant protein expression changes in the nonatrophied organs, brain and testis. Upstream regulator analysis highlighted transcriptional regulation by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in the liver and kidney and by tumor protein/suppressor p53 (TP53) in the thymus, spleen, and liver. These results imply of the existence of both common and distinct adaptive responses between major mouse organs, which involve transcriptional regulation of specific protein expression upon short‐term fasting. Our data may be valuable in understanding systemic transcriptional regulation upon fasting in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Junya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruka Ohtani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Tosaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayumi Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Noriyuki Akahoshi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
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13
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Abstract
Several years have passed since LC-MS(/MS) became the mainstream for proteomic analysis; however, conventional 2D DIGE (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis) continues to be an important technology that enables rapid and direct visualization of hundreds to thousands of proteins and their quantitative analyses. We can get global proteomic views using 2D DIGE within 3 days, and then identify proteins with differential expression levels using MALDI-TOF/MS and MASCOT search engine within a week. Here, we describe our routine 2D DIGE proteomic analysis of the liver isolated from mice in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
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14
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Kang ES, Lee J, Homma T, Kurahashi T, Kobayashi S, Nabeshima A, Yamada S, Seo HG, Miyata S, Sato H, Fujii J. xCT deficiency aggravates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity under inhibition of the transsulfuration pathway. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:80-90. [PMID: 28081640 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1282157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystine, an oxidized form of cysteine (Cys), is imported into cells via the protein xCT, which is also associated with the export of glutamate as the counter amino acid. In the current study, we attempted to rationalize roles of xCT in the livers of male mice. While xCT was not expressed in the livers of ordinary mice, it was induced under conditions of glutathione depletion, caused by the administration of acetaminophen (AAP). To differentiate the role between xCT and the transsulfuration pathway on the supply of Cys, we employed an inhibitor of the enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase, propargylglycine (PPG). This inhibitor caused a marked aggravation in AAP-induced hepatic damage and the mortality of the xCT-/- mice was increased to a greater extent than that for the xCT+/+ mice. While a PPG pretreatment had no effect on liver condition or Cys levels, the administration of AAP to the PPG-pretreated mice reduced the levels of Cys as well as glutathione to very low levels in both the xCT+/+ and xCT-/- mice. These findings indicate that the transsulfuration pathway plays a major role in replenishing Cys when glutathione levels are low. Moreover, an ascorbic acid insufficiency, induced by Akr1a ablation, further aggravated the AAP-induced liver damage in the case of the xCT deficiency, indicating that glutathione and ascorbic acid function cooperatively in protecting the liver. In conclusion, while the transsulfuration pathway plays a primary role in supplying Cys to the redox system in the liver, xCT is induced in cases of emergencies, by compensating for Cys supply systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Kang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan.,b Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kurahashi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Atsunori Nabeshima
- c Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- c Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- b Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hideyo Sato
- e Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
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15
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Rose P, Moore PK, Zhu YZ. H 2S biosynthesis and catabolism: new insights from molecular studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1391-1412. [PMID: 27844098 PMCID: PMC5357297 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has profound biological effects within living organisms and is now increasingly being considered alongside other gaseous signalling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Conventional use of pharmacological and molecular approaches has spawned a rapidly growing research field that has identified H2S as playing a functional role in cell-signalling and post-translational modifications. Recently, a number of laboratories have reported the use of siRNA methodologies and genetic mouse models to mimic the loss of function of genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of H2S within tissues. Studies utilising these systems are revealing new insights into the biology of H2S within the cardiovascular system, inflammatory disease, and in cell signalling. In light of this work, the current review will describe recent advances in H2S research made possible by the use of molecular approaches and genetic mouse models with perturbed capacities to generate or detoxify physiological levels of H2S gas within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7TS, UK. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Lee Kong Chian Wing, UHL #05-02R, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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16
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Baillie TA, Dalvie D, Rietjens IMCM, Cyrus Khojasteh S. Biotransformation and bioactivation reactions – 2015 literature highlights. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:113-38. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1195404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Dalvie
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Kurahashi T, Lee J, Nabeshima A, Homma T, Kang ES, Saito Y, Yamada S, Nakayama T, Yamada KI, Miyata S, Fujii J. Ascorbic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by ameliorating glutathione recovery and autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 604:36-46. [PMID: 27288086 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde reductase (AKR1A) plays a role in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (AsA), and AKR1A-deficient mice produce about 10-15% of the AsA that is produced by wild-type mice. We found that acetaminophen (AAP) hepatotoxicity was aggravated in AKR1A-deficient mice. The pre-administration of AsA in the drinking water markedly ameliorated the AAP hepatotoxicity in the AKR1A-deficient mice. Treatment of the mice with AAP decreased both glutathione and AsA levels in the liver in the early phase after AAP administration, and an AsA deficiency delayed the recovery of the glutathione content in the healing phase. While in cysteine supply systems; a neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1, a cystine transporter xCT, enzymes for the transsulfuration pathway, and autophagy markers, were all elevated in the liver as the result of the AAP treatment, the AsA deficiency suppressed their induction. Thus, AsA appeared to exert a protective effect against AAP hepatotoxicity by ameliorating the supply of cysteine that is available for glutathione synthesis as a whole. Because some drugs produce reactive oxygen species, resulting in the consumption of glutathione during the metabolic process, the intake of sufficient amounts of AsA would be beneficial for protecting against the hepatic damage caused by such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Atsunori Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Eun Sil Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuka Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmacological Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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18
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Abiko Y, Ishii I, Kamata S, Tsuchiya Y, Watanabe Y, Ihara H, Akaike T, Kumagai Y. Formation of Sulfur Adducts of N-Acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, an Electrophilic Metabolite of Acetaminophen in Vivo: Participation of Reactive Persulfides. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1796-802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Abiko
- Environmental
Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department
of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kamata
- Department
of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tsuchiya
- Laboratory
of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Laboratory
of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental
Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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19
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2D DIGE proteomic analysis highlights delayed postnatal repression of α-fetoprotein expression in homocystinuria model mice. FEBS Open Bio 2015. [PMID: 26199862 PMCID: PMC4506956 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase-deficient (Cbs (-/-)) mice, an animal model for homocystinuria, exhibit hepatic steatosis and juvenile semilethality via as yet unknown mechanisms. The plasma protein profile of Cbs (-/-) mice was investigated by proteomic analysis using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry. We found hyperaccumulation of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and downregulation of most other plasma proteins. AFP was highly expressed in fetal liver, but its expression declined dramatically via transcriptional repression after birth in both wild-type and Cbs (-/-) mice. However, the repression was delayed in Cbs (-/-) mice, causing high postnatal AFP levels, which may relate to transcriptional repression of most plasma proteins originating from liver and the observed hepatic dysfunction.
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Key Words
- 2D DIGE
- 2D DIGE, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- CBS, cystathionine β-synthase
- CTH, cystathionine γ-lyase
- Cystathionine β-synthase
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IEF, isoelectric focusing
- IPG, immobilized pH gradient
- MALDI-TOF/MS
- MALDI-TOF/MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Proteomics
- Transcriptional regulation
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- α-Fetoprotein
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20
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Yamamoto J, Kamata S, Miura A, Nagata T, Kainuma R, Ishii I. Differential adaptive responses to 1- or 2-day fasting in various mouse tissues revealed by quantitative PCR analysis. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:357-68. [PMID: 25973363 PMCID: PMC4420774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive cellular responses to 1- or 2-day fasting differ among tissues. Ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagy–lysosome pathways are activated in thymus/lung/heart/muscle. The amino acid response is activated mainly in thymus. An Nrf2-mediated antioxidant system is activated in thymus, heart, and kidney. Expression of amino acid transporter genes is activated in a tissue-specific manner.
Dietary or caloric restriction confers various clinical benefits. Short-term fasting of mice is a common experimental procedure that may involve systemic metabolic remodeling, which may significantly affect experimental outputs. This study evaluated adaptive cellular responses after 1- or 2-day fasting in 13 mouse tissues by quantitative PCR using 15 marker primer sets for the activation of ubiquitin–proteasome (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1), autophagy–lysosome (LC3b, p62 and Lamp2), amino acid response (Asns, Trib3, Herpud1, xCT, and Chop), Nrf2-mediated antioxidant (HO-1 and Gsta1), and amino acid transport (Slc38a2, Slc7a5, and Slc7a1) systems. Differential activation profiles obtained in seven highly (thymus, liver, spleen, and small intestine) or mildly (stomach, kidney, and colon) atrophied tissues as well as in six non-atrophied tissues (brain, eye, lung, heart, skeletal muscle, and testis) suggested tissue-specific active metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Asumi Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nagata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryo Kainuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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21
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Hyperhomocysteinemia abrogates fasting-induced cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion by limiting bioavailability of hydrogen sulfide anions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:879-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Ishii I, Kamata S, Hagiya Y, Abiko Y, Kasahara T, Kumagai Y. Protective effects of hydrogen sulfide anions against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:837-41. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yoshifumi Hagiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tadashi Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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