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Chinma CE, Adedeji OE, Jolayemi OS, Ezeocha VC, Ilowefah MA, Rosell CM, Adebo JA, Wilkin JD, Adebo OA. Impact of germination on the techno-functional properties, nutritional composition, and health-promoting compounds of brown rice and its products: A review. J Food Sci 2024; 89:8-32. [PMID: 37997506 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a popular grain and forms part of the daily diet of people throughout the world. However, the consumption of rice and its products is sometimes limited by its high glycemic index due to its high starch content, low protein content and quality, and low bioavailability of minerals due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors. This has partly stimulated research interest in recent times toward the use of bioprocessing techniques such as germination as cheap and natural means to improve the nutritional quality, digestibility, and health properties of cereals, including rice, to partially achieve nutrition and food security in the developing regions of the world. This review highlights the impact of germination on the nutritional quality, health-promoting properties, and techno-functional characteristics of germinated brown rice grains and their products. The review demonstrated that germinated rice grains and their products have improved nutritional quality and digestibility, modified functional properties, and showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-cardiovascular activities. Germination appears to be a suitable bioprocessing method to improve the nutritional quality and bioactive constituents and modify the techno-functional properties of rice grains for diverse food applications and improved global nutrition and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Olusola Samuel Jolayemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Vanessa Chinelo Ezeocha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Muna Abdulsalam Ilowefah
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sabha University, Sabha, Libya
| | - Cristina M Rosell
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Janet Adeyinka Adebo
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory, School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan D Wilkin
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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You W, Zhang J, Ru X, Xu F, Wu Z, Jin P, Zheng Y, Cao S. CmCML11 interacts with CmCAMTA5 to enhance γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation by regulating GABA shunt in fresh-cut cantaloupe. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108217. [PMID: 38039581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in fresh-cut cantaloupe and the involved mechanisms were investigated. The result showed that 1% (w/v) CaCl2 treatment increased GABA content and activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), while decreased glutamate (Glu) content and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) activities in fresh-cut cantaloupe. CmCML11 and CmCAMTA5 expressions of CaCl2-treated fruit increased by 187.4% and 165.6% than control fruit in the initial 6 h. Besides, expressions of GABA shunt genes, including CmGAD1, CmGAD2, CmGABA-T and CmSSADH were also up-regulated by CaCl2 treatment during early storage. Moreover, acting as a transcriptional activator, CmCAMTA5 could bind to the CG-box in promoters of CmGAD1, CmGABA-T and CmSSADH and activate their transcription. Furthermore, the interaction between CmCML11 and CmCAMTA5 could enhance the transcriptional activation on GABA shunt genes which were regulated by CmCAMTA5. Collectively, our findings revealed that CaCl2 treatment promoted GABA accumulation in fresh-cut cantaloupe via the combined effect of CmCML11 and CmCAMTA5 in the regulation of expressions of CmGAD1, CmGABA-T, and CmSSADH in GABA shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli You
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xueyin Ru
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhengguo Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
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Xu B, Feng X, Piechatzek A, Zhang S, Konrad KR, Kromdijk J, Hedrich R, Gilliham M. The GABA shunt contributes to ROS homeostasis in guard cells of Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:73-81. [PMID: 37936524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates rapidly under stress via the GABA shunt pathway, which has been implicated in reducing the accumulation of stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. γ-Aminobutyric acid has been demonstrated to act as a guard-cell signal in Arabidopsis thaliana, modulating stomatal opening. Knockout of the major GABA synthesis enzyme Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) increases the aperture of gad2 mutants, which results in greater stomatal conductance and reduces water-use efficiency compared with wild-type plants. Here, we found that the additional loss of GAD1, GAD4, and GAD5 in gad2 leaves increased GABA deficiency but abolished the more open stomatal pore phenotype of gad2, which we link to increased cytosolic calcium (Ca2+ ) and ROS accumulation in gad1/2/4/5 guard cells. Compared with wild-type and gad2 plants, glutamate was ineffective in closing gad1/2/4/5 stomatal pores, whereas lowering apoplastic calcium, applying ROS inhibitors or complementation with GAD2 reduced gad1/2/4/5 guard-cell ROS, restored the gad2-like greater stomatal apertures of gad1/2/4/5 beyond that of wild-type. We conclude that GADs are important contributors to ROS homeostasis in guard cells likely via a Ca2+ -mediated pathway. As such, this study reveals greater complexity in GABA's role as a guard-cell signal and the interactions it has with other established signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Xueying Feng
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Adriane Piechatzek
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Iorizzo M, Paventi G, Di Martino C. Biosynthesis of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Fermented Food Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:200-220. [PMID: 38248317 PMCID: PMC10814391 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, given the important role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human health, scientists have paid great attention to the enrichment of this chemical compound in food using various methods, including microbial fermentation. Moreover, GABA or GABA-rich products have been successfully commercialized as food additives or functional dietary supplements. Several microorganisms can produce GABA, including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. Among GABA-producing microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used in the production of many fermented foods. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a LAB species that has a long history of natural occurrence and safe use in a wide variety of fermented foods and beverages. Within this species, some strains possess not only good pro-technological properties but also the ability to produce various bioactive compounds, including GABA. The present review aims, after a preliminary excursus on the function and biosynthesis of GABA, to provide an overview of the current uses of microorganisms and, in particular, of L. plantarum in the production of GABA, with a detailed focus on fermented foods. The results of the studies reported in this review highlight that the selection of new probiotic strains of L. plantarum with the ability to synthesize GABA may offer concrete opportunities for the design of new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Paventi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (C.D.M.)
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Sarita, Mehrotra S, Dimkpa CO, Goyal V. Survival mechanisms of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under saline conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108168. [PMID: 38008005 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a significant abiotic stress that is steadily increasing in intensity globally. Salinity is caused by various factors such as use of poor-quality water for irrigation, poor drainage systems, and increasing spate of drought that concentrates salt solutions in the soil; salinity is responsible for substantial agricultural losses worldwide. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the crops most sensitive to salinity stress. Salinity restricts chickpea growth and production by interfering with various physiological and metabolic processes, downregulating genes linked to growth, and upregulating genes encoding intermediates of the tolerance and avoidance mechanisms. Salinity, which also leads to osmotic stress, disturbs the ionic equilibrium of plants. Survival under salinity stress is a primary concern for the plant. Therefore, plants adopt tolerance strategies such as the SOS pathway, antioxidative defense mechanisms, and several other biochemical mechanisms. Simultaneously, affected plants exhibit mechanisms like ion compartmentalization and salt exclusion. In this review, we highlight the impact of salinity in chickpea, strategies employed by the plant to tolerate and avoid salinity, and agricultural strategies for dealing with salinity. With the increasing spate of salinity spurred by natural events and anthropogenic agricultural activities, it is pertinent to explore and exploit the underpinning mechanisms for salinity tolerance to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies in globally important food crops such as chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita
- Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Shweta Mehrotra
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Christian O Dimkpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
| | - Vinod Goyal
- Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
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Nehela Y, Killiny N. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Supplementation Boosts the Phytohormonal Profile in ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-Infected Citrus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3647. [PMID: 37896110 PMCID: PMC10609878 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The devastating citrus disease, Huanglongbing (HLB), is associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter sp.' and transmitted by citrus psyllids. Unfortunately, HLB has no known sustainable cure yet. Herein, we proposed γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a potential eco-friendly therapeutic solution to HLB. Herein, we used GC/MS-based targeted metabolomics combined with gene expression to investigate the role of GABA in citrus response against HLB and to better understand its relationship(s) with different phytohormones. GABA supplementation via root drench boosts the accumulation of endogenous GABA in the leaves of both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected trees. GABA accumulation benefits the activation of a multi-layered defensive system via modulating the phytohormone levels and regulating the expression of their biosynthesis genes and some pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) in both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants. Moreover, our findings showed that GABA application stimulates auxin biosynthesis in 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants via the activation of the indole-3-pyruvate (I3PA) pathway, not via the tryptamine (TAM)-dependent pathway, to enhance the growth of HLB-affected trees. Likewise, GABA accumulation was associated with the upregulation of SA biosynthesis genes, particularly the PAL-dependent route, resulting in higher SA levels that activated CsPR1, CsPR2, CsPR5, and CsWRKY70, which are prominent to activation of the SA-mediated pathway. Additionally, higher GABA levels were correlated with an enhanced JA profile and linked with both CsPR3 and CsPR4, which activates the JA-mediated pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that exogenous GABA application might be a promising alternative and eco-friendly strategy that helps citrus trees battle HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
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Jia J, Li F, Luan Y, Liu S, Chen Z, Bao G. Salicylic acid treatment and overexpression of a novel polyamine transporter gene for astaxanthin production in Phaffia rhodozyma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1282315. [PMID: 37929196 PMCID: PMC10621793 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1282315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma represents an excellent microbial resource for astaxanthin production. However, the yeast's low astaxanthin productivity poses challenges in scaling up industrial production. Although P. rhodozyma originates from plant material, and phytohormones have demonstrated their effectiveness in stimulating microbial production, there has been limited research on the effects and mechanisms of phytohormones on astaxanthin biosynthesis in P. rhodozyma. In this study, the addition of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) at a concentration as low as 0.5 mg/L significantly enhanced biomass, astaxanthin content, and yield by 20.8%, 95.8% and 135.3% in P. rhodozyma, respectively. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis showed that SA had discernible impact on the gene expression profile of P. rhodozyma cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P. rhodozyma cells between the SA-treated and SA-free groups were identified. These genes played crucial roles in various aspects of astaxanthin and its competitive metabolites synthesis, material supply, biomolecule metabolite and transportation, anti-stress response, and global signal transductions. This study proposes a regulatory mechanism for astaxanthin synthesis induced by SA, encompassing the perception and transduction of SA signal, transcription factor-mediated gene expression regulation, and cellular stress responses to SA. Notably, the polyamine transporter gene (PT), identified as an upregulated DEG, was overexpressed in P. rhodozyma to obtain the transformant Prh-PT-006. The biomass, astaxanthin content and yield in this engineered strain could reach 6.6 g/L, 0.35 mg/g DCW and 2.3 mg/L, 24.5%, 143.1% and 199.0% higher than the wild strain at the SA-free condition, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into potential targets for genetic engineering aimed at achieving high astaxanthin yields, and such advancements hold promise for expediting the industrialization of microbial astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Jia
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Luan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siru Liu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoliang Bao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wu T, Cai W, Chen X. Epigenetic regulation of neurotransmitter signaling in neurological disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106232. [PMID: 37479091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission signaling is a highly conserved system attributed to various regulatory events. The excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems have been extensively studied, and their role in neuronal cell proliferation, synaptogenesis and dendrite formation in the adult brain is well established. Recent research has shown that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in mediating the expression of key genes associated with neurotransmitter pathways, including neurotransmitter receptor and transporter genes. The dysregulation of these genes has been linked to a range of neurological disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. This article focuses on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of genes associated with four major chemical carriers in the brain: dopamine (DA), Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and serotonin. Additionally, we explore how aberrant epigenetic regulation of these genes can contribute to the pathogenesis of relevant neurological disorders. By targeting the epigenetic mechanisms that control neurotransmitter gene expression, there is a promising opportunity to advance the development of more effective treatments for neurological disorders with the potential to significantly improve the quality of life of individuals impacted by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyan Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Weili Cai
- School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 22305, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Wen Q, Zhao H, Shao Y, Li J, Hu Y, Qi Y, Wang F, Shen J. Heat stress and excessive maturity of fruiting bodies suppress GABA accumulation by modulating GABA metabolism in Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112549. [PMID: 36869537 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
GABA is a health-promoting bioactive substance. Here, the GABA biosynthetic pathways were investigated, and then the dynamic quantitative changes in GABA and the expression levels of genes related to GABA metabolism under heat stress or at different developmental stages of fruiting bodies in Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm were determined. We found that the polyamine degradation pathway was the main route of GABA production under growth normal condition. The accumulation of GABA and the expression of most genes related to GABA biosynthesis, including genes encoding glutamate decarboxylase (PoGAD-2), polyamine oxidase (PoPAO-1), diamine oxidase (PoDAO) and aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (PoAMADH-1 and PoAMADH-2), were significantly suppressed by heat stress and the excessive maturity of fruiting bodies. Finally, the effects of GABA on the mycelial growth, heat tolerance and the morphogenesis and development of fruiting bodies were studied, the results showed that the deficiency of endogenous GABA inhibited the mycelial growth and primordial formation and aggravated heat damage, whereas exogenous application of GABA could improve thermotolerance and promote the development of fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Yanhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Jiatao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Yanru Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Yuancheng Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Jinwen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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Sharma P, Sharma BS, Raval H, Singh V. Endocytosis of GABA receptor: Signaling in nervous system. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:125-139. [PMID: 36813355 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
GABA (ᵞ-aminobutyric acid), is the principal neurotransmitter known for its inhibitory role in chemical synapses. Being localized primarily in the central nervous system (CNS) it maintains a balance between excitatory (regulated by another neurotransmitter, glutamate) and inhibitory impulses. GABA acts by binding to their specific receptors GABAA and GABAB when released into the post-synaptic nerve terminal. Both of these receptors are responsible for fast and slow inhibition of neurotransmission, respectively. GABAA is a ligand-gated ionopore receptor which opens the Cl- ion channel and decreases the resting potential of the membrane resulting into inhibition of the synapse. On the other hand, GABAB is a metabotropic receptor which increases the K+ ion levels preventing Ca+ ion release inhibiting the release of other neurotransmitters into the presynaptic membrane. The internalization and trafficking of these receptors is also conducted through distinct pathways and mechanism, discussed in detail in the chapter. Without the desired levels of GABA in the body, the psychological and neurological states of brain get hard to maintain. Various neurodegenerative diseases/disorders have been associated to low levels of GABA, such as anxiety, mood disorders, fear, schizophrenia, hungtington's chorea, seizures, epilepsy, etc. The allosteric sites present on GABA receptors have been proved to be potent drug targets to pacify the pathological states of these brain related disorders to an extent. Further in depth studies focussing on the subtypes of GABA receptors and their comprehensive mechanism are required to explore new drug targets and therapeutic avenues for effectual management of GABA related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Shree Vipratech Diagnostics, Dehgam, Gujarat, India.
| | - B Sharan Sharma
- Rivaara Labs, KD Hospital, Vaishnodevi Circle, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hardik Raval
- Shree Vipratech Diagnostics, Dehgam, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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Chen JY, Shyu YT, Wu SJ. Enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid content in shells of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) under anoxic vacuum conditions. J Food Sci 2023; 88:72-82. [PMID: 36524610 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora edulis, commonly known as passion fruit, is a popular all-weather fruit eaten fresh or processed. Its shells, which currently are mostly discarded as waste and hurt the environment, account for more than half of the passion fruit. The shells contain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and has many proven medical values such as antidepressant, anti-anxiety, etc. Many studies have shown that GABA production in plants can be significantly increased by reverse stress. Taking Tainong 1 as a typical passion fruit cultivar, this study explored the optimal anoxic vacuum treatment for increasing the GABA content of passion fruit shells. The content increased to 2139.25 ± 26.69 mg/100 g on day 4 of chill storage after vacuum packing (63.68% higher than the control). The activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were significantly higher in the vacuum-treated group than in the control group after 4 days of vacuum-chill storage. On day 5 of vacuum-chill storage, the activities of all measured enzymes decreased except for the increase of GABA transaminase (GABA-T), which was accompanied by a decrease in GABA content. Vacuum treatment and subsequent chill storage increased the content of GABA, thereby increasing functional value of passion fruit shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juo-Yu Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tay Shyu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Food Safety Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sz-Jie Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Food Safety Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Secreted immune metabolites that mediate immune cell communication and function. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:990-1005. [PMID: 36347788 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites are emerging as essential factors for the immune system that are involved in both metabolic circuits and signaling cascades. Accumulated evidence suggests that altered metabolic programs initiated by the activation and maturation of immune cell types are accompanied by the delivery of various metabolites into the local environment. We propose that, in addition to protein/peptide ligands, secreted immune metabolites (SIMets) are essential components of immune communication networks that fine-tune immune responses under homeostatic and pathological conditions. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of SIMets and discuss the potential mechanisms by which some metabolites engage in immunological responses through receptor-, transporter-, and post-translational-mediated regulation. These insights may contribute to understanding physiology and developing effective therapeutics for inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases.
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Rajewski A, Maheepala DC, Le J, Litt A. Multispecies transcriptomes reveal core fruit development genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:954929. [PMID: 36407608 PMCID: PMC9673247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.954929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During angiosperm evolution there have been repeated transitions from an ancestral dry fruit to a derived fleshy fruit, often with dramatic ecological and economic consequences. Following the transition to fleshy fruits, domestication may also dramatically alter the fruit phenotype via artificial selection. Although the morphologies of these fruits are well documented, relatively less is known about the molecular basis of these developmental and evolutionary shifts. We generated RNA-seq libraries from pericarp tissue of desert tobacco and both cultivated and wild tomato species at common developmental time points and combined this with corresponding, publicly available data from Arabidopsis and melon. With this broadly sampled dataset consisting of dry/fleshy fruits and wild/domesticated species, we applied novel bioinformatic methods to investigate conserved and divergent patterns of gene expression during fruit development and evolution. A small set of 121 orthologous "core" fruit development genes show a common pattern of expression across all five species. These include key players in developmental patterning such as orthologs of KNOLLE, PERIANTHIA, and ARGONAUTE7. GO term enrichment suggests that these genes function in basic cell division processes, cell wall biosynthesis, and developmental patterning. We furthermore uncovered a number of "accessory" genes with conserved expression patterns within but not among fruit types, and whose functional enrichment highlights the conspicuous differences between these phenotypic classes. We observe striking conservation of gene expression patterns despite large evolutionary distances, and dramatic phenotypic shifts, suggesting a conserved function for a small subset of core fruit development genes.
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Picrotoxin Delineates Different Transport Configurations for Malate and γ Aminobutyric Acid through TaALMT1. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081162. [PMID: 36009788 PMCID: PMC9405015 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived pharmacological agents have been used extensively to dissect the structure–function relationships of mammalian GABA receptors and ion channels. Picrotoxin is a non-competitive antagonist of mammalian GABAA receptors. Here, we report that picrotoxin inhibits the anion (malate) efflux mediated by wheat (Triticum aestivum) ALMT1 but has no effect on GABA transport. The EC50 for inhibition was 0.14 nM and 0.18 nM when the ALMTs were expressed in tobacco BY2 cells and in Xenopus oocytes, respectively. Patch clamping of the oocyte plasma membrane expressing wheat ALMT1 showed that picrotoxin inhibited malate currents from both sides of the membrane. These results demonstrate that picrotoxin inhibits anion efflux effectively and can be used as a new inhibitor to study the ion fluxes mediated by ALMT proteins that allow either GABA or anion transport.
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15
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Ma Y, Zhou S, Lu J. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Changes of Bioactive Compounds in Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) during γ-Aminobutyric Acid Enrichment Treatment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101423. [PMID: 35626988 PMCID: PMC9141900 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soaking together with Heat and Relative Humidity (HRH) treatment has been applied successfully to enrich γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mung beans. However, whether and how the above GABA enrichment processing influences the other bioactive molecules is elusive. In the present study, mung beans were soaked and then treated by HRH for 5 or 7 h. By using metabolomics techniques, the changes of 496 metabolites were determined. The relative content of flavonoids and phenolic acids increased during soaking but slightly decreased during HRH. Intriguingly, soaking and HRH had the opposite effects on the glycosylation of polyphenols. The relative content of glycosylated or un-glycosylated polyphenols increased during soaking or HRH, respectively. The relative content of α-ketoglutaric acid increased more than 20 times after 5 h HRH treatment. Bioactive molecules could be enriched during GABA enrichment processing. Depending on the desired bioactive compounds, soaking and different duration of HRH treatment could be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.M.); (S.Z.)
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Department of Food Science and Formulation, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Yu JM, Nam M, Kim MS. Metabolite Profiling of Chestnut (Castanea crenata) According to Origin and Harvest Time Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091325. [PMID: 35564048 PMCID: PMC9099845 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chestnuts are an important food crop commonly used as a food ingredient due to their nutritional properties and potential health benefits. In Korea, chestnuts have been crossbred to develop cultivars with insect resistance and high productivity, producing multiple chestnut varieties. This study classified 17 Castanea crenata cultivars produced in Korea according to origin and harvest time and determined the metabolites in chestnut kernels using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The 17 C. crenata cultivars were divided into four groups based on their geographic origin: Korean native, Korean hybrid, Japanese native, and Japanese hybrid. The cultivars were also divided into three groups depending on their harvest period: early-ripening cultivar, mid-ripening cultivar, and late-ripening cultivar. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plot revealed differences among the groups. Identified metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, contributed to discriminating the origin and harvest time of the C. crenata chestnut kernels. Significant differences were observed, mainly in amino acids, which suggests that the composition of amino acids is one factor influenced by both the origin and harvest time of C. crenata. These results are useful to both growers and breeders because they identify the nutritional and metabolic characteristics of each C. crenata cultivar.
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Polyamines Metabolism Interacts with γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Proline and Nitrogen Metabolisms to Affect Drought Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052779. [PMID: 35269921 PMCID: PMC8911106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to increased global warming and climate change, drought has become a serious threat to horticultural crop cultivation and management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spermine (Spm) pretreatment on metabolic alterations of polyamine (PAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline (Pro), and nitrogen associated with drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). The results showed that drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass could be significantly improved by the Spm pretreatment, as demonstrated by the maintenance of less chlorophyll loss and higher photosynthesis, gas exchange, water use efficiency, and cell membrane stability. The Spm pretreatment further increased drought-induced accumulation of endogenous PAs, putrescine, spermidine, and Spm, and also enhanced PAs metabolism through improving arginine decarboxylases, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and polyamine oxidase activities during drought stress. In addition, the Spm application not only significantly improved endogenous GABA content, glutamate content, activities of glutamate decarboxylase and α-ketoglutarase, but also alleviated decline in nitrite nitrogen content, nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase, and GABA aminotransferase activities under drought stress. The Spm-pretreated creeping bentgrass exhibited significantly lower ammonia nitrogen content and nitrite reductase activity as well as higher glutamate dehydrogenase activity than non-pretreated plants in response to drought stress. These results indicated beneficial roles of the Spm on regulating GABA and nitrogen metabolism contributing towards better maintenance of Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in creeping bentgrass. Interestingly, the Spm-enhanced Pro metabolism rather than more Pro accumulation could be the key regulatory mechanism for drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass. Current findings provide a comprehensive understanding of PAs interaction with other metabolic pathways to regulate drought tolerance in grass species.
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Liu L, Shang L, Jin D, Wu X, Long B. General anesthesia bullies the gut: a toxic relationship with dysbiosis and cognitive dysfunction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:709-728. [PMID: 35187594 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common surgery outcome affecting up to a third of the elderly patients, and it is associated with high morbidity and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease development. PND is characterized by cognitive impairment that can manifest acutely in the form of postoperative delirium (POD) or after hospital discharge as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Although POD and POCD are clinically distinct, their development seems to be mediated by a systemic inflammatory reaction triggered by surgical trauma that leads to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and facilitates the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiota composition may play a pivotal role in the PND development by modulating the risk of neuroinflammation establishment. In fact, modulation of gut microbiome composition with pre- and probiotics seems to be effective for the prevention and treatment of PND in animals. Interestingly, general anesthetics seem to have major responsibility on the gut microbiota composition changes following surgery and, consequently, can be an important element in the process of PND initiation. This concept represents an important milestone for the understanding of PND pathogenesis and may unveil new opportunities for the development of preventive or mitigatory strategies against the development of these conditions. The aim of this review is to discuss how anesthetics used in general anesthesia can interact and alter the gut microbiome composition and contribute to PND development by favoring the emergence of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lihua Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongxue Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiuying Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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19
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Tyagi A, Chen X, Shabbir U, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on amino acid and phenolic profiling of germinated brown rice sprouts and their antioxidant potential. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Nehela Y, Killiny N. Not Just a Cycle: Three gab Genes Enable the Non-Cyclic Flux Toward Succinate via GABA Shunt in ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-Infected Citrus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:200-214. [PMID: 34775834 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-21-0241-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the mitochondria retain all required enzymes for an intact tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, plants might shift the cyclic flux from the TCA cycle to an alternative noncyclic pathway via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under specific physiological conditions. We hypothesize that several genes may ease this noncyclic flux and contribute to the citrus response to the phytopathogenic bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', the causal agent of Huanglongbing in citrus. To test this hypothesis, we used multiomics techniques (metabolomics, fluxomics, and transcriptomics) to investigate the potential roles of putative gab homologies from Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Our findings showed that 'Ca. L. asiaticus' significantly increased the endogenous GABA and succinate content but decreased ketoglutarate in infected citrus plants. Citrus genome harbors three putative gab genes, including amino-acid permease (also known as GABA permease; CsgabP), GABA transaminase (CsgabT), and succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (also known as GABA dehydrogenase; CsgabD). The transcript levels of CsgabP, CsgabT, and CsgabD were upregulated in citrus leaves upon the infection with 'Ca. L. asiaticus' and after the exogenous application of GABA or deuterium-labeled GABA isotope (GABA-D6). Moreover, our finding showed that exogenously applied GABA is quickly converted to succinate and fed into the TCA cycle. Likewise, the fluxomics study showed that GABA-D6 is rapidly metabolized to succinate-D4. Our work proved that GABA shunt and three predicated gab genes from citrus, support the upstream noncyclic flux toward succinate rather than an intact TCA cycle and contribute to citrus defense responses to 'Ca. L. asiaticus'.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
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21
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Rao H, Xue F, Ma S, Zhao M, Zhao D, Hao J. Contribution of slightly acidic electrolytic water (
SAEW
) to food safety, nutrients enrichment and allergenicity reduction of peanut sprouts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Rao
- College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China
- Tongfu Group Co., Ltd Wuhu Anhui PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Hebei Tongfu Health Industry Co., Ltd Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China
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22
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Rasouli HR, Talebi S, Ahmadpour F. Evaluation of Associated Genes with Traumatic Pain: A Systematic Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:830-840. [PMID: 34872485 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211206121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The knowledge about the molecular pathway of traumatic pain relief is less documented. This systematic review study aimed to identify the genes and molecular pathways associated with various traumatic pains. METHODS The online databases such as EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinical Trials, Google Scholar, Wiley, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus were searched. Two review authors searched and screened all records' titles and abstracts, and the third expert reviewer author resolved their disagreement. The study's design, various trauma injuries, types of genes, and molecular pathways were recorded. The genes and molecular pathways data were obtained via GeneCards®: The Human Gene Database (https://www.genecards.org). RESULTS Studies on a variety of trauma injuries regarding nerve and Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs) (12 records), Hypertrophic scar with Severe Pain (one record), severe post-traumatic musculoskeletal pain (MSP) (one record), and orthopedic trauma (one record) were included. The main molecular pathways such as the immune system, apoptosis, and death receptor signaling, T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, oxidative stress, interleukin(s) mediated signaling pathway, biological oxidations, metabolic pathways (especially amino acid metabolism and amino group), focal adhesion, the proliferation of vascular, epithelial, and connective tissue cells, angiogenesis and neural development were identified. CONCLUSION The immune system, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways are crucial for understanding the roles of genes in traumatic pain. It is recommended that these identified pathways and related genes be considered therapeutical targets for pain management in patients with trauma injuries. In addition, different forms of trauma injuries require different pathways and related genes to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rasouli
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Talebi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fathollah Ahmadpour
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Xu B, Sai N, Gilliham M. The emerging role of GABA as a transport regulator and physiological signal. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2005-2016. [PMID: 35235673 PMCID: PMC8644139 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While the proposal that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts a signal in plants is decades old, a signaling mode of action for plant GABA has been unveiled only relatively recently. Here, we review the recent research that demonstrates how GABA regulates anion transport through aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) and speculation that GABA also targets other proteins. The ALMT family of anion channels modulates multiple physiological processes in plants, with many members still to be characterized, opening up the possibility that GABA has broad regulatory roles in plants. We focus on the role of GABA in regulating pollen tube growth and stomatal pore aperture, and we speculate on its role in long-distance signaling and how it might be involved in cross talk with hormonal signals. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), guard cell opening is regulated by GABA, as it is in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), to regulate water use efficiency, which impacts drought tolerance. We also discuss the links between glutamate and GABA in generating signals in plants, particularly related to pollen tube growth, wounding, and long-distance electrical signaling, and explore potential interactions of GABA signals with hormones, such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. We conclude by postulating that GABA encodes a signal that links plant primary metabolism to physiological status to fine tune plant responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Author for communication:
| | - Na Sai
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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24
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Kaspal M, Kanapaddalagamage MH, Ramesh SA. Emerging Roles of γ Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Gated Channels in Plant Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10102178. [PMID: 34685991 PMCID: PMC8540008 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The signaling role for γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been documented in animals for over seven decades. However, a signaling role for GABA in plants is just beginning to emerge with the discovery of putative GABA binding site/s and GABA regulation of anion channels. In this review, we explore the role of GABA in plant growth and development under abiotic stress, its interactions with other signaling molecules and the probability that there are other anion channels with important roles in stress tolerance that are gated by GABA.
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25
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Shelp BJ, Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34579473 PMCID: PMC8468876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran;
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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26
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Quillin SJ, Tran P, Prindle A. Potential Roles for Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling in Bacterial Communities. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:120-125. [PMID: 34476387 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that the gut microbiome influences human neurology and behavior, and vice versa. Distinct mechanisms underlying this bidirectional communication pathway, termed the gut-brain axis, are becoming increasingly uncovered. This review summarizes recent interkingdom signaling research focused on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a human neurotransmitter and ubiquitous signaling molecule found in bacteria, fungi, plants, invertebrates, and mammals. We detail how GABAergic signaling has been shown to be a crucial component of the gut-brain axis. We further describe how GABA is also being found to mediate interkingdom signaling between algae and invertebrates, plants and invertebrates, and plants and bacteria. Based on these emerging results, we argue that obtaining a complete understanding of GABA-mediated communication in the gut-brain axis will involve deciphering the role of GABA signaling and metabolism within bacterial communities themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Quillin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur Prindle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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27
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Xu B, Long Y, Feng X, Zhu X, Sai N, Chirkova L, Betts A, Herrmann J, Edwards EJ, Okamoto M, Hedrich R, Gilliham M. GABA signalling modulates stomatal opening to enhance plant water use efficiency and drought resilience. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1952. [PMID: 33782393 PMCID: PMC8007581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been proposed to be an ancient messenger for cellular communication conserved across biological kingdoms. GABA has well-defined signalling roles in animals; however, whilst GABA accumulates in plants under stress it has not been determined if, how, where and when GABA acts as an endogenous plant signalling molecule. Here, we establish endogenous GABA as a bona fide plant signal, acting via a mechanism not found in animals. Using Arabidopsis thaliana, we show guard cell GABA production is necessary and sufficient to reduce stomatal opening and transpirational water loss, which improves water use efficiency and drought tolerance, via negative regulation of a stomatal guard cell tonoplast-localised anion transporter. We find GABA modulation of stomata occurs in multiple plants, including dicot and monocot crops. This study highlights a role for GABA metabolism in fine tuning physiology and opens alternative avenues for improving plant stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Yu Long
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Xueying Feng
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Xujun Zhu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Sai
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Larissa Chirkova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Annette Betts
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Johannes Herrmann
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mamoru Okamoto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
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Priming with γ-Aminobutyric Acid against Botrytis cinerea Reshuffles Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species: Dissecting Signalling and Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121174. [PMID: 33255543 PMCID: PMC7759855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to alleviate several (a)biotic stresses in plants. GABA forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and has been proposed as a signalling molecule in plants. Here, we set out to establish GABA as a priming compound against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and how metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are influenced after GABA treatment and infection. We show that GABA already primes disease resistance at low concentrations (100 µM), comparable to the well-characterized priming agent β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA). Treatment with GABA reduced ROS burst in response to flg22 (bacterial peptide derived from flagellum) and oligogalacturonides (OGs). Plants treated with GABA showed reduced H2O2 accumulation after infection due to increased activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Contrary to 100 µM GABA treatments, 1 mM exogenous GABA induced endogenous GABA before and after infection. Strikingly, 1 mM GABA promoted total and active nitrate reductase activity whereas 100 µM inhibited active nitrate reductase. Sucrose accumulated after GABA treatment, whereas glucose and fructose only accumulated in treated plants after infection. We propose that extracellular GABA signalling and endogenous metabolism can be separated at low exogenous concentrations.
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Knott EL, Leidenheimer NJ. A Targeted Bioinformatics Assessment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Reveals Prognostic Implications of GABA System Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228485. [PMID: 33187258 PMCID: PMC7697095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but deadly cancer for which few treatments exist. Here, we have undertaken a targeted bioinformatics study of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ACC dataset focusing on the 30 genes encoding the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system—an under-studied, evolutionarily-conserved system that is an emerging potential player in cancer progression. Our analysis identified a subset of ACC patients whose tumors expressed a distinct GABA system transcriptome. Transcript levels of ABAT (encoding a key GABA shunt enzyme), were upregulated in over 40% of tumors, and this correlated with several favorable clinical outcomes including patient survival; while enrichment and ontology analysis implicated two cancer-related biological pathways involved in metastasis and immune response. The phenotype associated with ABAT upregulation revealed a potential metabolic heterogeneity among ACC tumors associated with enhanced mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, many GABAA receptor subunit-encoding transcripts were expressed, including two (GABRB2 and GABRD) prognostic for patient survival. Transcripts encoding GABAB receptor subunits and GABA transporters were also ubiquitously expressed. The GABA system transcriptome of ACC tumors is largely mirrored in the ACC NCI-H295R cell line, suggesting that this cell line may be appropriate for future functional studies investigating the role of the GABA system in ACC cell growth phenotypes and metabolism.
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Deng X, Xu X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Zhang S, Xu J. Induction of γ-aminobutyric acid plays a positive role to Arabidopsis resistance against Pseudomonas syringae. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1797-1812. [PMID: 32458527 PMCID: PMC7689811 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important metabolite which functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, its role in plant defense and how it is regulated are largely unknown. Here, we report a detailed analysis of GABA induction during the resistance response to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. While searching for the mechanism underlying the pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK)3/MPK6 signaling cascade in plant immunity, we found that activation of MPK3/MPK6 greatly induced GABA biosynthesis, which is dependent on the glutamate decarboxylase genes GAD1 and GAD4. Inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Pst-avrRpt2 expressing the avrRpt2 effector gene induced GAD1 and GAD4 gene expression and increased the levels of GABA. Genetic evidence revealed that GAD1, GAD2, and GAD4 play important roles in both GABA biosynthesis and plant resistance in response to Pst-avrRpt2 infection. The gad1/2/4 triple and gad1/2/4/5 quadruple mutants, in which the GABA levels were extremely low, were more susceptible to both Pst and Pst-avrRpt2. Functional loss of MPK3/MPK6, or their upstream MKK4/MKK5, or their downstream substrate WRKY33 suppressed the induction of GAD1 and GAD4 expression after Pst-avrRpt2 treatment. Our findings shed light on both the regulation and role of GABA in the plant immunity to a bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xuwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri65211USA
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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Fromm H. GABA signaling in plants: targeting the missing pieces of the puzzle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6238-6245. [PMID: 32761202 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of plants to unstable environments relies on their ability to sense their surroundings and to generate and transmit corresponding signals to different parts of the plant to evoke changes necessary for optimizing growth and defense. Plants, like animals, contain a huge repertoire of intra- and intercellular signals, including organic and inorganic molecules. The occurrence of neurotransmitter-like signaling molecules in plants has been an intriguing field of research. Among these, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was discovered in plants over half a century ago, and studies of its roles as a primary metabolite have been well documented, particularly in the context of stress responses. In contrast, evidence of the potential mechanism by which GABA acts as a signaling molecule in plants has only recently been reported. In spite of this breakthrough, the roles of GABA as a signaling molecule in plants have yet to be established and several aspects of the complexity of the GABA signaling system remain obscure. This review summarizes the uncertainties in GABA signaling in plants and suggests research directions and technologies that would help in answering unsolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Fromm
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hepsomali P, Groeger JA, Nishihira J, Scholey A. Effects of Oral Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Administration on Stress and Sleep in Humans: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:923. [PMID: 33041752 PMCID: PMC7527439 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. GABA's stress-reducing, and sleep enhancing effects have been established. However, although several human clinical trials have been conducted, results regarding the role of natural and/or biosynthetic oral GABA intake on stress and sleep are mixed. We performed a systematic review to examine whether natural and/or biosynthetic oral GABA intake has an effect on stress and sleep. We systematically searched on PubMed database for studies published up to February 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Only placebo-controlled human trials that assessed stress, sleep, and related psychophysiological outcomes as a response to natural GABA (i.e., GABA that is present naturally in foods) or biosynthetic GABA (i.e., GABA that is produced via fermentation) intake were included. Fourteen studies met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. Although more studies are needed before any inferences can be made about the efficacy of oral GABA consumption on stress and sleep, results show that there is limited evidence for stress and very limited evidence for sleep benefits of oral GABA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Groeger
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Racine PJ, Janvier X, Clabaut M, Catovic C, Souak D, Boukerb AM, Groboillot A, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Duclairoir-Poc C, Lesouhaitier O, Orange N, Chevalier S, Feuilloley MGJ. Dialog between skin and its microbiota: Emergence of "Cutaneous Bacterial Endocrinology". Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:790-800. [PMID: 32682345 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial endocrinology is studying the response of microorganisms to hormones and neurohormones and the microbiota production of hormones-like molecules. Until now, it was mainly applied to the gut and revealed that the intestinal microbiota should be considered as a real organ in constant and bilateral interactions with the whole human body. The skin harbours the second most abundant microbiome and contains an abundance of nerve terminals and capillaries, which in addition to keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, dendritic cells and endothelial cells, release a huge diversity of hormones and neurohormones. In the present review, we will examine recent experimental data showing that, in skin, molecules such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, natriuretic peptides and catecholamines can directly affect the physiology and virulence of common skin-associated bacteria. Conversely, bacteria are able to synthesize and release compounds including histamine, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid or peptides showing partial homology with neurohormones such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH). The more surprising is that some viruses can also encode neurohormones mimicking proteins. Taken together, these elements demonstrate that there is also a cutaneous microbial endocrinology and this emerging concept will certainly have important consequences in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Racine
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Xavier Janvier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Maximilien Clabaut
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Chloe Catovic
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Djouhar Souak
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Amine M Boukerb
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Anne Groboillot
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Cécile Duclairoir-Poc
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Nicole Orange
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
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Kumrungsee T, Arima T, Sato K, Komaru T, Sato M, Oishi Y, Egusa A, Yanaka N. Dietary GABA induces endogenous synthesis of a novel imidazole peptide homocarnosine in mouse skeletal muscles. Amino Acids 2020; 52:743-753. [PMID: 32361909 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an imidazole dipeptide present at high concentrations in skeletal muscles, where it plays a beneficial role. However, oral intake of carnosine or β-alanine to increase skeletal muscle carnosine levels has disadvantages such as low efficiency and side effects. Therefore, we proposed homocarnosine (γ-aminobutyryl-L-histidine) as a novel alternative imidazole peptide for skeletal muscle based on its structural similarity to carnosine. To induce endogenous homocarnosine synthesis in skeletal muscles, mice were fed a basal diet mixed with 0, 0.5, 2, or 5% γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) for 6 weeks. As expected, in the control group (0% GABA), GABA and homocarnosine were present in trace concentrations. Skeletal muscle homocarnosine levels were significantly increased in the 2% and 5% GABA intake groups (tenfold, P < 0.01 and 53-fold, P < 0.01; respectively) relative to those of the control group, whereas 0.5% GABA intake induced no such effect. GABA intake had no effect on the levels of carnosine, anserine, and β-alanine. Vigabatrin (inhibitor of GABA transaminase (GABA-T)) administration to mice receiving 2% GABA intake for 2 weeks led to GABA-T inhibition in the liver. Subsequently, a 43-fold increase in circulating GABA levels and a tendency increase in skeletal muscle homocarnosine levels were observed. Therefore, skeletal muscle homocarnosine synthesis can be induced by supplying its substrate GABA in tissues. As GABA availability is tightly regulated by GABA-T via GABA degradation, inhibitors of GABA or β-alanine degradation could be novel potential interventions for increasing skeletal muscle imidazole dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Arima
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takumi Komaru
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mikako Sato
- NH Foods Ltd. R&D Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2646, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Oishi
- NH Foods Ltd. R&D Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2646, Japan
| | - Ai Egusa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Correlation-based network analysis combined with machine learning techniques highlight the role of the GABA shunt in Brachypodium sylvaticum freezing tolerance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4489. [PMID: 32161322 PMCID: PMC7066199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perennial grasses will account for approximately 16 billion gallons of renewable fuels by the year 2022, contributing significantly to carbon and nitrogen sequestration. However, perennial grasses productivity can be limited by severe freezing conditions in some geographical areas, although these risks could decrease with the advance of climate warming, the possibility of unpredictable early cold events cannot be discarded. We conducted a study on the model perennial grass Brachypodium sylvaticum to investigate the molecular mechanisms that contribute to cold and freezing adaption. The study was performed on two different B. sylvaticum accessions, Ain1 and Osl1, typical to warm and cold climates, respectively. Both accessions were grown under controlled conditions with subsequent cold acclimation followed by freezing stress. For each treatment a set of morphological parameters, transcription, metabolite, and lipid profiles were measured. State-of-the-art algorithms were employed to analyze cross-component relationships. Phenotypic analysis revealed higher adaption of Osl1 to freezing stress. Our analysis highlighted the differential regulation of the TCA cycle and the GABA shunt between Ain1 and Osl1. Osl1 adapted to freezing stress by repressing the GABA shunt activity, avoiding the detrimental reduction in fatty acid biosynthesis and the concomitant detrimental effects on membrane integrity.
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Landi M, Araniti F, Flamini G, Piccolo EL, Trivellini A, Abenavoli MR, Guidi L. "Help is in the air": volatiles from salt-stressed plants increase the reproductive success of receivers under salinity. PLANTA 2020; 251:48. [PMID: 31932951 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Salinity alters VOC profile in emitter sweet basil plants. Airborne signals by emitter plants promote earlier flowering of receivers and increase their reproductive success under salinity. Airborne signals can prime neighboring plants against pathogen and/or herbivore attacks, whilst little is known about the possibility that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by stressed plants alert neighboring plants against abiotic stressors. Salt stress (50 mM NaCl) was imposed on Ocimum basilicum L. plants (emitters, namely NaCl), and a putative alerting-priming interaction was tested on neighboring basil plants (receivers, namely NaCl-S). Compared with the receivers, the NaCl plants exhibited reduced biomass, lower photosynthesis, and changes in the VOC profile, which are common early responses of plants to salinity. In contrast, NaCl-S plants had physiological parameters similar to those of nonsalted plants (C), but exhibited a different VOC fingerprint, which overlapped, for most compounds, with that of emitters. NaCl-S plants exposed later to NaCl treatment (namely NaCl-S + NaCl) exhibited changes in the VOC profile, earlier plant senescence, earlier flowering, and higher seed yield than C + NaCl plants. This experiment offers the evidence that (1) NaCl-triggered VOCs promote metabolic changes in NaCl-S plants, which, finally, increase reproductive success and (2) the differences in VOC profiles observed between emitters and receivers subjected to salinity raise the question whether the receivers are able to "propagate" the warning signal triggered by VOCs in neighboring companions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agraria, University 'Mediterranea' of Reggio Calabria, località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ermes Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department of Agraria, University 'Mediterranea' of Reggio Calabria, località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Extra-mitochondrial citrate synthase initiates calcium oscillation and suppresses age-dependent sperm dysfunction. J Transl Med 2020; 100:583-595. [PMID: 31857692 PMCID: PMC7096335 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Men and women become infertile with age, but the mechanism of declining male fertility, more specifically, the decrease in in sperm quality, is not well known. Citrate synthase (CS) is a core enzyme of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which directly controls cellular function. Extra-mitochondrial CS (eCS) is produced and abundant in the sperm head; however, its role in male fertility is unknown. We investigated the role of eCS in male fertility by producing eCs-deficient (eCs-KO) mice. The initiation of the first spike of Ca2+ oscillation was substantially delayed in egg fused with eCs-KO sperm, despite normal expression of sperm factor phospholipase C zeta 1. The eCs-KO male mice were initially fertile, but the fertility dropped with age. Metabolomic analysis of aged sperm revealed that the loss of eCS enhances TCA cycle in the mitochondria with age, presumably leading to depletion of extra-mitochondrial citrate. The data suggest that eCS suppresses age-dependent male infertility, providing insights into the decline of male fertility with age.
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Kostopoulou S, Ntatsi G, Arapis G, Aliferis KA. Assessment of the effects of metribuzin, glyphosate, and their mixtures on the metabolism of the model plant Lemna minor L. applying metabolomics. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124582. [PMID: 31514011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical plant protection products (PPPs) is a major group of xenobiotics that are being released in the environment. Although the effects of individual active ingredients (a.i.) on organisms have been studied, information on those of mixtures, is fragmented. Aquatic environments are being polluted by PPPs, posing serious risks for the environment, human, and other organisms. Based on the potential of the model aquatic plant Lemna minor L. in the assessment of PPPs-caused stresses, we have undertaken the task of developing a metabolomics approach for the study of the effects of metribuzin and glyphosate, and their mixtures. Bioassays revealed that metribuzin exhibit higher toxicity than glyphosate and metabolomics highlighted corresponding changes in its metabolome. Treatments had a substantial impact on plants' amino acid pool, resulting in elevated levels of the majority of the identified amino acids. Results indicate that the increased proteolytic activity is a common effect of the a.i. and their mixtures. Additionally, the activation of salicylate-signaling pathways was recorded as a response to the toxicity caused by mixtures. Among the identified metabolites that were discovered as biomarkers were γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), salicylate, caffeate, α,α-trehalose, and squalene, which play multiple roles in plants' metabolism such as, signaling, antioxidant, and structure protection. No reports exist on the combined effects of PPPs on Lemna and results confirm the applicability of Lemna metabolomics in the study of the combined effects of herbicides and its potential in the monitoring of the environmental health of aquatic environments based on fluctuations of the plant's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kostopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Vegetable Production Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DEMETER, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece; Laboratory of Vegetable Production Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Arapis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece; Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Guo X, Luo T, Han D, Wu Z. Analysis of metabolomics associated with quality differences between room-temperature- and low-temperature-stored litchi pulps. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3560-3569. [PMID: 31763006 PMCID: PMC6848819 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on how temperature affects the postharvest quality of litchi have focused mainly on pericarp browning but rarely on the metabolites in postharvest litchi pulp. In this study, the differences in respiration rates, total soluble solid content, and titratable acid content demonstrated that room and low temperatures have different effects on the quality of "Feizixiao" litchi pulp. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis was performed to compare the differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in litchi pulp after 8 days of storage at room temperature (RT-8 d) with those in litchi pulp after 28 days of storage at low temperature (LT-28 d). Nineteen carbohydrates (phosphohexoses, sorbitol, and mannose), fifteen acids, seven amino acids, nine energy metabolites and nucleotides, and six aliphatic and secondary metabolites were identified as common DEMs in RT-8 d and LT-28 d pulps. These findings indicated active fructose and mannose metabolism and increased catabolism of nicotinate, nicotinamide, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate. Four carbohydrates (mainly phosphohexoses), five acids, ten amino acids, three aliphatic and secondary metabolites, and one hormone were identified as unique DEMs in RT-8 d pulp, the consumption of key metabolites in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and accumulation of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Active consumption of nucleotide metabolites and biosynthesis of aliphatics in LT-28 d pulp were indicated by unique DEMs (eleven carbohydrates, four acids, seven amino acids, seven energy metabolites and nucleotides, and six aliphatic and secondary metabolites). These results provided an unambiguous metabolic fingerprint, thereby revealing how room and low temperatures differentially influenced the quality of litchi pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Guo
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Luo
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree ResearchGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops‐South ChinaMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
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Dufour S, Quérat B, Tostivint H, Pasqualini C, Vaudry H, Rousseau K. Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:869-943. [PMID: 31625459 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, as in the other mammals, the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is ensured by the brain-pituitary gonadotropic axis. Multiple internal and environmental cues are integrated via brain neuronal networks, ultimately leading to the modulation of the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The decapeptide GnRH is released into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal blood system and stimulates the production of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, the two gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. A novel actor, the neuropeptide kisspeptin, acting upstream of GnRH, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Other neuropeptides, such as gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone/RF-amide related peptide, and other members of the RF-amide peptide superfamily, as well as various nonpeptidic neuromediators such as dopamine and serotonin also provide a large panel of stimulatory or inhibitory regulators. This paper addresses the origin and evolution of the vertebrate gonadotropic axis. Brain-pituitary neuroendocrine axes are typical of vertebrates, the pituitary gland, mediator and amplifier of brain control on peripheral organs, being a vertebrate innovation. The paper reviews, from molecular and functional perspectives, the evolution across vertebrate radiation of some key actors of the vertebrate neuroendocrine control of reproduction and traces back their origin along the vertebrate lineage and in other metazoa before the emergence of vertebrates. A focus is given on how gene duplications, resulting from either local events or from whole genome duplication events, and followed by paralogous gene loss or conservation, might have shaped the evolutionary scenarios of current families of key actors of the gonadotropic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Dufour
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France; INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'axe Gonadotrope, Paris, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Quérat
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France; INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'axe Gonadotrope, Paris, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France; INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'axe Gonadotrope, Paris, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Pasqualini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France; INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'axe Gonadotrope, Paris, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France; INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'axe Gonadotrope, Paris, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Karine Rousseau
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France; INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'axe Gonadotrope, Paris, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
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Abstract
In plants, GABA plays a critical role in sexual plant reproduction; however, GABA receptors and the associated detailed signaling mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Our experiments show that the proposed technique is reliable and convenient for probing GABA-binding proteins and could be applicable in similar projects by covalently immobilizing the free carboxylic group of GABA on magnetic beads (SiMAG-Carboxyl). New probes produced by covalently immobilizing the free carboxylic group of GABA on magnetic beads (SiMAG-Carboxyl) can obtain useful information on GABA receptors in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Key Laboratories of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Comprehensive Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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42
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Liu C, Li W. Influence of γ-aminobutyric acid on gelling properties of heat-induced whey protein gels. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Oh SJ, Kim HS, Lim ST. Increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid contents in rice embryo with protein hydrolysates and pyridoxal-5-phosphate using abiotic stress. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Qiao W, Wang Q, Han X, Hao J. Effect of pH and chlorine concentration of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the buckwheat sprouts during germination. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Qiao
- College of Bio‐Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Qingfa Wang
- College of Bio‐Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Bio‐Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang P.R. China
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Bio‐Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang P.R. China
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45
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Ding W, Cui J, Zhao Y, Han B, Li T, Zhao P, Xu JW, Yu X. Enhancing Haematococcus pluvialis biomass and γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation by two-step cultivation and salt supplementation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121334. [PMID: 30991185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to assess the roles of chemical factors and bioprocess strategies on a mixotrophic culture of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis during γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. A two-stage strategy was used to increase the biomass and GABA accumulation of H. pluvialis. In stage I, mixotrophic growth of H. pluvialis in the presence of fulvic acid (FA) produced a high biomass (1.84 g L-1) with a GABA content of 25.45 mg g-1. Furthermore, a maximum GABA content of 38.57 mg g-1 was obtained when cells were cultured with 0.4 g L-1 NaCl under photoautotrophic conditions in stage II, whereas the carbohydrate content of cells sharply decreased from 26.68 to 18.22%. In addition, salt stress upregulated the expression of the gad and cam genes. The results of this study demonstrate an efficient strategy to produce GABA from the microalga H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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46
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Yu Z, Yang Z. Understanding different regulatory mechanisms of proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous amino acid formation in tea (Camellia sinensis) provides new insights into the safe and effective alteration of tea flavor and function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:844-858. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1552245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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Torrens-Spence MP, Liu CT, Pluskal T, Chung YK, Weng JK. Monoamine Biosynthesis via a Noncanonical Calcium-Activatable Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase in Psilocybin Mushroom. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3343-3353. [PMID: 30484626 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs) are a phylogenetically diverse group of enzymes responsible for the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acid substrates into their corresponding aromatic arylalkylamines. AAADs have been extensively studied in mammals and plants as they catalyze the first step in the production of neurotransmitters and bioactive phytochemicals, respectively. Unlike mammals and plants, the hallucinogenic psilocybin mushroom Psilocybe cubensis reportedly employs an unrelated phosphatidylserine-decarboxylase-like enzyme to catalyze l-tryptophan decarboxylation, the first step in psilocybin biosynthesis. To explore the origin of this chemistry in psilocybin mushroom, we generated the first de novo transcriptomes of P. cubensis and investigated several putative l-tryptophan-decarboxylase-like enzymes. We report the biochemical characterization of a noncanonical AAAD from P. cubensis ( PcncAAAD) that exhibits substrate permissiveness toward l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, and l-tryptophan, as well as chloro-tryptophan derivatives. The crystal structure of PcncAAAD revealed the presence of a unique C-terminal appendage domain featuring a novel double-β-barrel fold. This domain is required for PcncAAAD activity and regulates catalytic rate and thermal stability through calcium binding. PcncAAAD likely plays a role in psilocybin production in P. cubensis and offers a new tool for metabolic engineering of aromatic-amino-acid-derived natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yin Kwan Chung
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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48
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Pétriacq P, López A, Luna E. Fruit Decay to Diseases: Can Induced Resistance and Priming Help? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E77. [PMID: 30248893 PMCID: PMC6314081 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humanity faces the challenge of having to increase food production to feed an exponentially growing world population, while crop diseases reduce yields to levels that we can no longer afford. Besides, a significant amount of waste is produced after fruit harvest. Fruit decay due to diseases at a post-harvest level can claim up to 50% of the total production worldwide. Currently, the most effective means of disease control is the use of pesticides. However, their use post-harvest is extremely limited due to toxicity. The last few decades have witnessed the development of safer methods of disease control post-harvest. They have all been included in programs with the aim of achieving integrated pest (and disease) management (IPM) to reduce pesticide use to a minimum. Unfortunately, these approaches have failed to provide robust solutions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies that would result in effective control. Exploiting the immune capacity of plants has been described as a plausible route to prevent diseases post-harvest. Post-harvest-induced resistance (IR) through the use of safer chemicals from biological origin, biocontrol, and physical means has also been reported. In this review, we summarize the successful activity of these different strategies and explore the mechanisms behind. We further explore the concept of priming, and how its long-lasting and broad-spectrum nature could contribute to fruit resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Pétriacq
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux et INRA de Bordeaux, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux-MetaboHUB, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Ana López
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estrella Luna
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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49
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Enhanced accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in rice bran using anaerobic incubation with various additives. Food Chem 2018; 271:187-192. [PMID: 30236666 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An anaerobic incubation for the enzymatic production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rice bran with the addition of glutamate, hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP), yeast extract (YE) and pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) was investigated. Rice bran was moistened (30% moisture content) with an electrolyzed oxidizing water and anaerobically incubated under nitrogen at 40 °C for 8 h. The incubation activated the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in rice bran and increased the GABA content from 10.7 to 171.5 mg/100 g. The addition of glutamate and protein hydrolysates further amplified the GABA content in the treated rice bran: 974.9, 487.4, and 372.8 mg/100 g, with 2.25% glutamate, 6% HWP, and 8% YE, respectively. Furthermore, addition of PLP (1.48 mg/100 g) as a coenzyme for GAD, together with 2.25% glutamate addition, could raise the GABA accumulation in rice bran to 2242 mg/100 g. Other amino acids in rice bran were changed in their composition by the anaerobic treatment.
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50
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Chen G, Escobar-Bravo R, Kim HK, Leiss KA, Klinkhamer PGL. Induced Resistance Against Western Flower Thrips by the Pseudomonas syringae-Derived Defense Elicitors in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1417. [PMID: 30344528 PMCID: PMC6182256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips (WFT) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is a key agricultural pest of cultivated tomatoes. Induced host plant resistance by activating jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway constitutes a promising method for WFT control. The phytotoxin coronatine (COR), produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst), mimics the plant hormone JA-Isoleucine and can promote resistance against herbivorous arthropods. Here we determined the effect of Pst and COR on tomato resistance against WFT, induction of JA and salicylic acid (SA) associated defenses, and plant chemistry. Additionally, we investigated the presence of other components in Pst-derived and filtered culture medium, and their interactive effect with COR on tomato resistance to WFT. Our results showed that infiltration of COR or Pst reduced WFT feeding damage in tomato plants. COR and Pst induced the expression of JA-associated gene and protein marker. COR also induced expression of a SA-related responsive gene, although at much less magnitude. Activation of JA defenses in COR and Pst infiltrated plants did not affect density of type VI leaf trichomes, which are defenses reported to be induced by JA. An untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that both treatments induced strong changes in infiltrated leaves, but leaf responses to COR or Pst slightly differed. Application of the Pst-derived and filtered culture medium, containing COR but not viable Pst, also increased tomato resistance against WFT confirming that the induction of tomato defenses does not require a living Pst population to be present in the plant. Infiltration of tomato plants with low concentrations of COR in diluted Pst-derived and filtered culture medium reduced WFT feeding damage in a greater magnitude than infiltration with an equivalent amount of pure COR indicating that other elicitors are present in the medium. This was confirmed by the fact that the medium from a COR-mutant of Pst also strongly reduced silver damage. In conclusion, our results indicate that induction of JA defenses by COR, Pst infection, the medium of Pst and the medium of a Pst COR- mutant increased resistance against WFT. This was not mediated by the reinforcement of leaf trichome densities, but rather the induction of chemical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen,
| | - Rocío Escobar-Bravo
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hye Kyong Kim
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A. Leiss
- Business Unit Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research Center, Bleiswijk, Netherlands
| | - Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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