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Takarada JE, Cunha MR, Almeida VM, Vasconcelos SNS, Santiago AS, Godoi PH, Salmazo A, Ramos PZ, Fala AM, de Souza LR, Da Silva IEP, Bengtson MH, Massirer KB, Couñago RM. Discovery of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117561. [PMID: 38157838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The dual-specificity protein kinase MKK3 has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation and survival, yet its precise role in cancer remains inconclusive. A critical step in elucidating the kinase's involvement in disease biology is the identification of potent, cell-permeable kinase inhibitors. Presently, MKK3 lacks a dedicated tool compound for these purposes, along with validated methods for the facile screening, identification, and optimization of inhibitors. In this study, we have developed a TR-FRET-based enzymatic assay for the detection of MKK3 activity in vitro and a BRET-based assay to assess ligand binding to this enzyme within intact human cells. These assays were instrumental in identifying hit compounds against MKK3 that share a common chemical scaffold, sourced from a library of bioactive kinase inhibitors. Initial hits were subsequently expanded through the synthesis of novel analogs. The resulting structure-activity relationship (SAR) was rationalized using molecular dynamics simulations against a homology model of MKK3. We expect our findings to expedite the development of novel, potent, selective, and bioactive inhibitors, thus facilitating investigations into MKK3's role in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica E Takarada
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Micael R Cunha
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Almeida
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stanley N S Vasconcelos
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - André S Santiago
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Godoi
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anita Salmazo
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Priscila Z Ramos
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela M Fala
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucas R de Souza
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Italo E P Da Silva
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mario H Bengtson
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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2
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Chung CY, Tseng CC, Li SM, Zeng WZ, Lin YC, Hu YP, Jiang WP, Huang GJ, Tsai HJ, Wong FF. Synthesis of β-Amino Carbonyl 6-(Aminomethyl)- and 6-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidines for DPP-4 Inhibition Study. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3380-3396. [PMID: 35702778 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220614094305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-2 diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disease resulting in severe vascular complications and mortality risk. Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors had been conceived as a favorable class of agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes due to the minimal side effects. METHODS Sitagliptin is the first medicine approved for the DPP-4 inhibitor. Its structure involved three fragments: 2,4,5-triflorophenyl fragment pharmacophore, enantiomerically β-amino carbonyl linker, and tetrahydrotriazolopyridine. Herein, we are drawn to the possibility of substituting tetrahydrotriazolopyridine motif present in Sitagliptin with a series of new fused pyrazolopyrimidine bicyclic fragment to investigate potency and safety. RESULTS Two series of fused 6-(aminomethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine and 6-(hydroxymethyl) pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives containing β-amino ester or amide as linkers were successfully designed for the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Most fused 6-methylpyrazolopyrimidines were evaluated against DPP-4 inhibition and selectivity capacity. Based on research study, β-amino carbonyl fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine possesses the significant DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 ≤ 59.8 nM) and presents similar with Sitagliptin (IC50 = 28 nM). Particularly, they had satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9, except for QPP. CONCLUSION β-Amino esters and amides fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine were developed as the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Those compounds with a methyl group or hydrogen in N-1 position and methyl substituted group in C-3 of pyrazolopyrimidine moiety showed better potent DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 = 21.4-59.8 nM). Furthermore, they had satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9 Finally, the docking results revealed that compound 9n was stabilized at DPP-4 active site and would be a potential lead drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chung
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Tseng
- Phd Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Min Li
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zheng Zeng
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Henry J Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- Phd Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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3
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Xie F, Zhou L, Ge C, Song X, Yan H. Development of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one scaffold as novel CDK2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 70:128803. [PMID: 35598793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one scaffold were designed and synthesized as novel CDK2 inhibitors. By analyzing the common motifs of various known inhibitors, the designed compounds 1 were virtually screen for their inhibitory activity by docking into the active pocket of CDK2. The influence of different substitutes on the docking results was investigated. A total of 15 pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones 1 were synthesized by Paal-Knorr reaction, pyrimidine ring closure, bromination, Suzuki coupling reaction, amide formation and Knoevenagel condensation. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones 1 in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in vitro using Etoposide as a reference control substance. The screening results demonstrated that the designed compounds have significant antiproliferative activity, and compounds 1e and 1j were the most active compounds with IC50 values of 10.79 μM and 10.88 μM, respectively, being better than that of Etoposide (IC50 = 18.75 μM). The enzyme inhibition assay was carried out against CDK2, the results indicated that the compounds 1e and 1j significantly inhibited CDK2 with IC50 values of 1.71 μM and 1.60 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 8 East Rongjing Street, Beijing Economic Technological Development Area (BDA), Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Changwei Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Hong Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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4
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Maher M, Zaher AF, Mahmoud Z, Kassab AE. Recent green approaches for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines: A mini review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100470. [PMID: 35244962 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine as a bioisostere of purine has drawn considerable attention as a privileged scaffold for the design and discovery of novel drugs. Green synthesis is an emerging area in the field of chemistry that provides economic and environmental benefits as an alternative to traditional methods. The present mini review reflects recent advances in the green synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, published in the time frame from 2006 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Maher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F Zaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Kumar K. Microwave‐assisted diversified synthesis of pyrimidines: An overview. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management SVKM'S NMIMS (deemed to be University) Jadcherla India
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6
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Aydin BO, Anil D, Demir Y. Synthesis of N-alkylated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogs and evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibition properties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000330. [PMID: 33502038 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fused pyrimidines, especially pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, are among the most preferred building blocks for pharmacology studies, as they exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity. In this study, new derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine were synthesized by alkylation of the N1 nitrogen atom. We synthesized 3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine 2 from commercially available aminopyrazolopyrimidine 1 using N-iodosuccinimide as an iodinating agent. The synthesis of compound 2 started with nucleophilic substitution of 3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine with R-X (X: -OMs, -Br, -Cl), affording N-alkylated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine. We performed this synthesis using a weak inorganic base and the mild temperature was also used for a two-step procedure to generate N-alkylated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Also, all compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I and II, with Ki values in the range of 15.41 ± 1.39-63.03 ± 10.68 nM for AChE, 17.68 ± 1.92-66.27 ± 5.43 nM for hCA I, and 8.41 ± 2.03-28.60 ± 7.32 nM for hCA II. Notably, compound 10 was the most selective and potent CA I inhibitor with a significant selectivity ratio of 26.90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra O Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Derya Anil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
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7
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Gilles P, Kashyap RS, Freitas MJ, Ceusters S, Van Asch K, Janssens A, De Jonghe S, Persoons L, Cobbaut M, Daelemans D, Van Lint J, Voet AR, De Borggraeve WM. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based protein kinase D inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Murlykina MV, Morozova AD, Zviagin IM, Sakhno YI, Desenko SM, Chebanov VA. Aminoazole-Based Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Heterocycles. Front Chem 2018; 6:527. [PMID: 30555815 PMCID: PMC6282055 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive review contains the analysis of literature data concerning reactions of heterocyclization of aminoazoles and demonstrates the application of these types of transformations in diversity-oriented synthesis. The review is oriented to wide range of chemists working in the field of organic synthesis and both experimental and theoretical studies of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna V Murlykina
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Alisa D Morozova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Ievgen M Zviagin
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yana I Sakhno
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey M Desenko
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Chemistry Faculty, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn A Chebanov
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Chemistry Faculty, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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9
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Sanna M, Sicilia G, Alazzo A, Singh N, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Spriggs KA, Burley JC, Garnett MC, Taresco V, Alexander C. Water Solubility Enhancement of Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivatives via Miniaturized Polymer-Drug Microarrays. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541359 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A miniaturized assay was optimized to evaluate the enhanced apparent water solubility of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives used extensively as anticancer drug scaffolds. The applied amount of drugs used in the reported strategy ranged from 5 to 10 μg per formulation which were dispensed by an inkjet 2D printer directly into a 96-well plate. The selected polymer/drug formulations with high water solubility demonstrated improved cytotoxicity against a human lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (A549) compared to the free drugs. We attribute the enhanced efficacy to the improved apparent-solubility of the drug molecules achieved via this methodology. This novel miniaturized method showed promising results in terms of water solubility improvement of the highly hydrophobic pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, requiring only a few micrograms of each drug per tested polymeric formulation. In addition, the reported experimental evidence may facilitate identification of suitable polymers for combination with drug, leading to investigations on biological properties or mechanisms of action in a single formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sanna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sicilia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ali Alazzo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nishant Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Keith A. Spriggs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C. Burley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Martin C. Garnett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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10
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Sudhan S, Ahmed RN, Kiyani H, Mansoor SS. Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide: A green reaction media for the efficient synthesis of 3-methyl-1,4-diphenyl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidine-6-ones/thiones using phthalimide- N -sulfonic acid as catalyst. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Aggarwal R, Kumar S. 5-Aminopyrazole as precursor in design and synthesis of fused pyrazoloazines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:203-242. [PMID: 29441143 PMCID: PMC5789427 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The condensation of 5-aminopyrazole with various bielectrophilic moieties results in the formation of pyrazoloazines, an interesting array of fused heterocyclic systems. The development of new synthetic routes towards pyrazoloazines for their biological and medicinal exploration is an attractive area for researchers throughout the world. The present review focuses on various synthetic methods developed in the last decade for the synthesis of differently substituted pyrazoloazines by a broad range of organic reactions by means of 5-aminopyrazole as a precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
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12
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El Hafi M, Naas M, Loubidi M, Jouha J, Ramli Y, Mague JT, Essassi EM, Guillaumet G. Palladium-catalyzed regioselective direct C H arylation of pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidines. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Luo J, Zhao A, Zheng C, Wang T. Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel 6-arylthio-3-methylthio-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-ones. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1333508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Analytical & Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Anlin Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caihua Zheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of 6-substituted 4-amino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Verschueren K, Cobbaut M, Demaerel J, Saadah L, Voet ARD, Van Lint J, De Borggraeve WM. Discovery of a potent protein kinase D inhibitor: insights in the binding mode of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:640-646. [PMID: 28890776 PMCID: PMC5567267 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00675b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we set out to rationally optimize PKD inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold. The lead compound for this study was 1-NM-PP1, which was previously found by us and others to inhibit PKD. In our screening we identified one compound (3-IN-PP1) displaying a 10-fold increase in potency over 1-NM-PP1, opening new possibilities for specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases that show sensitivity towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derived compounds. Interestingly the observed SAR was not in complete agreement with the commonly observed binding mode where the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds are bound in a similar fashion as PKD's natural ligand ATP. Therefore we suggest an alternate binding mode where the compounds are flipped 180 degrees. This possible alternate binding mode for pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine based compounds could pave the way for a new class of specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases sensitive towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrmidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Verschueren
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joachim Demaerel
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
| | - Lina Saadah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling and Design , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200G , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
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16
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Sureja DK, Vadalia KR. Microwave assisted, solvent-free synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of some novel pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidin-4(5 H )-one derivatives. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Rahmouni A, Souiei S, Belkacem MA, Romdhane A, Bouajila J, Ben Jannet H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolopyrimidines derivatives as anticancer and anti-5-lipoxygenase agents. Bioorg Chem 2016; 66:160-8. [PMID: 27179178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 6-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-ones 3a-h were synthesized in a single step via condensation of carboxamide 2 with some aromatic aldehydes (presence of iodine). Treatment of aminopyrazole 1a with acetic anhydride afforded pyrazolopyrimidines 4 which on treatment with ethyl chloroacetate in refluxing dry DMF furnished a single product identified as ethyl 2-(3,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5(4H)-yl) acetate 5. On the other hand, esterification of compound 6 with different alcohol, led to the formation of new esters linked pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinones hybrids 7a-f. The reaction of compound 2 with 3-propargyl bromide gave the compound 8 used as a dipolarophile to access to triazoles (4- and 5-regioisomers (9a-e) and (10a-e), respectively) via the 1,3-dipoar cycloaddition reaction. Finally, condensation reaction of aminopyrazole 1b with α-cyanocinnamonitiles gave the new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,6-dicarbonitriles 11a-e. Structures of compounds were established on the basis of (1)H/(13)C NMR and ESI-HRMS. Compounds were screened for their cytotoxic (HCT-116 and MCF-7) and 5-lipoxygenase inhibition activities. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameur Rahmouni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sawssen Souiei
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Belkacem
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; Université de Toulouse, Faculté de pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Anis Romdhane
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté de pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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18
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Liu M, Li J, Chai H, Zhang K, Yang D, Zhang Q, Shi D. A convenient four-component one-pot strategy toward the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2125-31. [PMID: 26664633 PMCID: PMC4660965 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives by the four-component condensation of hydrazines, methylenemalononitriles, aldehydes and alcohols has been developed via two different reaction pathways. The structures of target products were characterized by IR spectroscopy, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy and HRMS (ESI) spectrometry. The crystal structure of 4-ethoxy-6-(2-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongxin Chai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Deli Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Daxin Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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19
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Lawson CP, Dierckx A, Miannay FA, Wellner E, Wilhelmsson LM, Grøtli M. Synthesis and photophysical characterisation of new fluorescent triazole adenine analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5158-67. [PMID: 24912077 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00904e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nucleic acid base analogues are powerful probes of DNA structure. Here we describe the synthesis and photo-physical characterisation of a series of 2-(4-amino-5-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl) and 2-(4-amino-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl) analogues via Sonogashira cross-coupling and [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions as the key steps in the synthesis. Compounds with a nitrogen atom in position 8 showed an approximately ten-fold increase in quantum yield and decreased Stokes shift compared to analogues with a carbon atom in position 8. Furthermore, the analogues containing nitrogen in the 8-position showed a more red-shifted and structured absorption as opposed to those which have a carbon incorporated in the same position. Compared to the previously characterised C8-triazole modified adenine, the emissive potential was significantly lower (tenfold or more) for this new family of triazoles-adenine compounds. However, three of the compounds have photophysical properties which will make them interesting to monitor inside DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Lawson
- Department of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Kosbar TR, Sofan MA, Waly MA, Pedersen EB. Anti-parallel triplexes: Synthesis of 8-aza-7-deazaadenine nucleosides with a 3-aminopropynyl side-chain and its corresponding LNA analog. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2458-69. [PMID: 25868748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoramidites of DNA monomers of 7-(3-aminopropyn-1-yl)-8-aza-7-deazaadenine (Y) and 7-(3-aminopropyn-1-yl)-8-aza-7-deazaadenine LNA (Z) are synthesized, and the thermal stability at pH 7.2 and 8.2 of anti-parallel triplexes modified with these two monomers is determined. When, the anti-parallel TFO strand was modified with Y with one or two insertions at the end of the TFO strand, the thermal stability was increased 1.2°C and 3°C at pH 7.2, respectively, whereas one insertion in the middle of the TFO strand decreased the thermal stability 1.4°C compared to the wild type oligonucleotide. In order to be sure that the 3-aminopropyn-1-yl chain was contributing to the stability of the triplex, the nucleobase X without the aminopropynyl group was inserted in the same positions. In all cases the thermal stability was lower than the corresponding oligonucleotides carrying the 3-aminopropyn-1-yl chain, especially at the end of the TFO strand. On the other hand, the thermal stability of the anti-parallel triplex was dramatically decreased when the TFO strand was modified with the LNA monomer analog Z in the middle of the TFO strand (ΔTm=-9.1°C). Also the thermal stability decreased about 6.1°C when the TFO strand was modified with Z and the Watson-Crick strand with adenine-LNA (A(L)). The molecular modeling results showed that, in case of nucleobases Y and Z a hydrogen bond (1.69 and 1.72Ǻ, respectively) was formed between the protonated 3-aminopropyn-1-yl chain and one of the phosphate groups in Watson-Crick strand. Also, it was shown that the nucleobase Y made a good stacking and binding with the other nucleobases in the TFO and Watson-Crick duplex, respectively. In contrast, the nucleobase Z with LNA moiety was forced to twist out of plane of Watson-Crick base pair which is weakening the stacking interactions with the TFO nucleobases and the binding with the duplex part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer R Kosbar
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Center, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34517 New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh A Sofan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34517 New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Waly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34517 New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Erik B Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Center, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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21
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Liu XW, Yang J, Yang C, Han WY, Liu XL, Zhou Y, Yu ZB, Yuan WC. A convenient method for synthesis of polyfunctional dihydropyrrole spiro-fused oxindole-2-ones via an organocatalytic tandem Michael/cyclization sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Li M, Zhao BX. Progress of the synthesis of condensed pyrazole derivatives (from 2010 to mid-2013). Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:311-40. [PMID: 25104650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Condensed pyrazole derivatives are important heterocyclic compounds due to their excellent biological activities and have been widely applied in pharmaceutical and agromedical fields. In recent years, numerous condensed pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized and advanced to clinic studies with various biological activities. In this review, we summarized the reported synthesis methods of condensed pyrazole derivatives from 2010 until now. All compounds are divided into three parts according to the rings connected to pyrazole-ring, i.e. [5, 5], [5,F 6], and [5, 7]-condensed pyrazole derivatives. The biological activities and applications in pharmaceutical fields are briefly introduced to offer an orientation for the design and synthesis of condensed pyrazole derivatives with good biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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23
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Schenone S, Radi M, Musumeci F, Brullo C, Botta M. Biologically Driven Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines As Protein Kinase Inhibitors: An Old Scaffold As a New Tool for Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Studies. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7189-238. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400270z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma Viale delle
Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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24
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Structure-guided optimization of protein kinase inhibitors reverses aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance. Biochem J 2013; 454:191-200. [PMID: 23758273 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Activity of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase APH(3')-Ia leads to resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, and contributes to the clinical obsolescence of this class of antibiotics. One strategy to rescue compromised antibiotics such as aminoglycosides is targeting the enzymes that confer resistance with small molecules. We demonstrated previously that ePK (eukaryotic protein kinase) inhibitors could inhibit APH enzymes, owing to the structural similarity between these two enzyme families. However, limited structural information of enzyme-inhibitor complexes hindered interpretation of the results. In addition, cross-reactivity of compounds between APHs and ePKs represents an obstacle to their use as aminoglycoside adjuvants to rescue aminoglycoside antibiotic activity. In the present study, we structurally and functionally characterize inhibition of APH(3')-Ia by three diverse chemical scaffolds, anthrapyrazolone, 4-anilinoquinazoline and PP (pyrazolopyrimidine), and reveal distinctions in the binding mode of anthrapyrazolone and PP compounds to APH(3')-Ia compared with ePKs. Using this observation, we identify PP derivatives that select against ePKs, attenuate APH(3')-Ia activity and rescue aminoglycoside antibiotic activity against a resistant Escherichia coli strain. The structures described in the present paper and the inhibition studies provide an important opportunity for structure-based design of compounds to target aminoglycoside phosphotransferases for inhibition, potentially overcoming this form of antibiotic resistance.
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25
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Tandon M, Johnson J, Li Z, Xu S, Wipf P, Wang QJ. New pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors of protein kinase d as potent anticancer agents for prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75601. [PMID: 24086585 PMCID: PMC3781056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of protein kinase D (PKD) as a potential therapeutic target for several diseases including cancer has triggered the search for potent, selective, and cell-permeable small molecule inhibitors. In this study, we describe the identification, in vitro characterization, structure-activity analysis, and biological evaluation of a novel PKD inhibitory scaffold exemplified by 1-naphthyl PP1 (1-NA-PP1). 1-NA-PP1 and IKK-16 were identified as pan-PKD inhibitors in a small-scale targeted kinase inhibitor library assay. Both screening hits inhibited PKD isoforms at about 100 nM and were ATP-competitive inhibitors. Analysis of several related kinases indicated that 1-NA-PP1 was highly selective for PKD as compared to IKK-16. SAR analysis showed that 1-NA-PP1 was considerably more potent and showed distinct substituent effects at the pyrazolopyrimidine core. 1-NA-PP1 was cell-active, and potently blocked prostate cancer cell proliferation by inducing G2/M arrest. It also potently blocked the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, demonstrating promising anticancer activities on multiple fronts. Overexpression of PKD1 or PKD3 almost completely reversed the growth arrest and the inhibition of tumor cell invasion caused by 1-NA-PP1, indicating that its anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activities were mediated through the inhibition of PKD. Interestingly, a 12-fold increase in sensitivity to 1-NA-PP1 could be achieved by engineering a gatekeeper mutation in the active site of PKD1, suggesting that 1-NA-PP1 could be paired with the analog-sensitive PKD1M659G for dissecting PKD-specific functions and signaling pathways in various biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuj Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PW); (QJW)
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PW); (QJW)
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26
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Chauhan M, Kumar R. Medicinal attributes of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines: A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5657-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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