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Xiong Q, Zhang Y. Small RNA modifications: regulatory molecules and potential applications. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:64. [PMID: 37349851 PMCID: PMC10286502 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (also referred to as small noncoding RNAs, sncRNA) are defined as polymeric ribonucleic acid molecules that are less than 200 nucleotides in length and serve a variety of essential functions within cells. Small RNA species include microRNA (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), etc. Current evidence suggest that small RNAs can also have diverse modifications to their nucleotide composition that affect their stability as well as their capacity for nuclear export, and these modifications are relevant to their capacity to drive molecular signaling processes relevant to biogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we highlight the molecular characteristics and cellular functions of small RNA and their modifications, as well as current techniques for their reliable detection. We also discuss how small RNA modifications may be relevant to the clinical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of human health conditions such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Hicks SD, Beheshti R, Chandran D, Warren K, Confair A. Infant consumption of microRNA miR-375 in human milk lipids is associated with protection from atopy. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1654-1662. [PMID: 36166840 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk is thought to reduce infant atopy risk. The biologic mechanism for this protective effect is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that infant consumption of 4 microRNAs (miR-146b-5p, miR-148b-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-375-3p) in human milk would be associated with reduced atopy risk. METHODS The Breast Milk Influence of the Microtranscriptome Profile on Atopy in Children over Time (IMPACT) study involved a cohort of mother-infant dyads who planned to breastfeed beyond 4 mo. Infant consumption of the 4 human milk microRNAs (miRNAs) in the first 6 mo was calculated as the product of milk miRNA concentration and the number of human milk feeds, across 3 lactation stages: early milk (0-4 wk), transitional milk (4-16 wk), and mature milk (16-24 wk). The primary outcome was infant atopy in the first year, defined as atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergies, or wheezing. The final analysis included 432 human milk samples and 7824 wk of longitudinal health data from 163 dyads. RESULTS Seventy-three infants developed atopy. Forty-one were diagnosed with AD (25%), 33 developed food allergy (20%), and 10 had wheezing (6%). Eleven developed >1 condition (7%). Infants who did not develop atopy consumed higher concentrations of miR-375-3p (d = 0.18, P = 0.022, adj P = 0.044) and miR-148b-3p (d = 0.23, P = 0.007, adj P = 0.028). The consumption of miR-375-3p (X2 = 5.7, P = 0.017, OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.99) was associated with reduced atopy risk. Concentrations of miR-375-3p increased throughout lactation (r = 0.46, F = 132.3, P = 8.4 × 10-34) and were inversely associated with maternal body mass (r = -0.11, t = -2.1, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that infant consumption of miR-375-3p may reduce atopy risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ramin Beheshti
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Desirae Chandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Warren
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Confair
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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3
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Plant-RNA in Extracellular Vesicles: The Secret of Cross-Kingdom Communication. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040352. [PMID: 35448322 PMCID: PMC9028404 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common language, used by living organisms from different kingdoms as a means of communication between them. Extracellular vesicles are lipoproteic particles that contain many biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The primary role of EVs is to convey information to the recipient cells, affecting their function. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) can be isolated from several plant species, and the study of their biological properties is becoming an essential starting point to study cross-kingdom communication, especially between plants and mammalians. Furthermore, the presence of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PDEVs represents an interesting aspect for understanding how PDEVs can target the mammalian genes involved in pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In particular, this review focuses on the history of PDEVs, from their discovery, to purification from various matrices, and on the functional role of PDEV-RNAs in cross-kingdom interactions. It is worth noting that miRNAs packaged in PDEVs can be key modulators of human gene expression, representing potential therapeutic agents.
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Askenase PW. Exosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRNAs to targeted cells; I. They are 'The Elephant in the Room'. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2038-2053. [PMID: 33944671 PMCID: PMC8582996 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1885189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), such as exosomes, are emerging biologic entities that mediate important newly recognized functional effects. Exosomes are intracellular endosome-originating, cell-secreted, small nano-size EV. They can transfer cargo molecules like miRNAs to act intracellularly in targeted acceptor cells, to then mediate epigenetic functional alterations. Exosomes among EV, are universal nanoparticles of life that are present across all species. Some critics mistakenly hold exosomes to concepts and standards of cells, whereas they are subcellular nanospheres that are a million times smaller, have neither nuclei nor mitochondria, are far less complex and currently cannot be studied deeply and elegantly by many and diverse technologies developed for cells over many years. There are important concerns about the seeming impossibility of biologically significant exosome transfers of very small amounts of miRNAs resulting in altered targeted cell functions. These hesitations are based on current canonical concepts developed for non-physiological application of miRNAs alone, or artificial non-quantitative genetic expression. Not considered is that the natural physiologic intercellular transit via exosomes can contribute numerous augmenting carrier effects to functional miRNA transfers. Some of these are particularly stimulated complex extracellular and intracellular physiologic processes activated in the exosome acceptor cells that can crucially influence the intracellular effects of the transferred miRNAs. These can lead to molecular chemical changes altering DNA expression for mediating functional changes of the targeted cells. Such exosome mediated molecular transfers of epigenetic functional alterations, are the most exciting and life-altering property that these nano EV bring to virtually all of biology and medicine. .Abbreviations: Ab, Antibody Ag Antigen; APC, Antigen presenting cells; CS, contact sensitivity; DC, Dendritic cells; DTH, Delayed-type hypersensitivity; EV, extracellular vesicles; EV, Extracellular vesicle; FLC, Free light chains of antibodies; GI, gastrointestinal; IP, Intraperitoneal administration; IV, intravenous administration; OMV, Outer membrane vesicles released by bacteria; PE, Phos-phatidylethanolamine; PO, oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W. Askenase
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Dasgupta I, Chatterjee A. Recent Advances in miRNA Delivery Systems. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4010010. [PMID: 33498244 PMCID: PMC7839010 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of short non-coding regulatory RNA molecules that are produced in a tissue and time-specific manner to orchestrate gene expression post-transcription. MiRNAs hybridize to target mRNA(s) to induce translation repression or mRNA degradation. Functional studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are engaged in virtually every physiological process and, consequently, miRNA dysregulations have been linked to multiple human pathologies. Thus, miRNA mimics and anti-miRNAs that restore miRNA expression or downregulate aberrantly expressed miRNAs, respectively, are highly sought-after therapeutic strategies for effective manipulation of miRNA levels. In this regard, carrier vehicles that facilitate proficient and safe delivery of miRNA-based therapeutics are fundamental to the clinical success of these pharmaceuticals. Here, we highlight the strengths and weaknesses of current state-of-the-art viral and non-viral miRNA delivery systems and provide perspective on how these tools can be exploited to improve the outcomes of miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Dasgupta
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Anushila Chatterjee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), are noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules involved in gene regulation. sRNAs play important roles in development; however, their significance in nutritional control and as metabolic modulators is still emerging. The mechanisms by which diet impacts metabolic genes through miRNAs remain an important area of inquiry. Recent work has established how miRNAs are transported in body fluids often within exosomes, which are small cell-derived vesicles that function in intercellular communication. The abundance of other recently identified ncRNAs and new insights regarding ncRNAs as dietary bioactive compounds could remodel our understanding about how foods impact gene expression. Although controversial, some groups have shown that dietary RNAs from plants and animals (i.e., milk) are functional in consumers. In the future, regulating sRNAs either directly through dietary delivery or indirectly by altered expression of endogenous sRNA may be part of nutritional interventions for regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNeill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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Orally Administered Exosomes Suppress Mouse Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity by Delivering miRNA-150 to Antigen-Primed Macrophage APC Targeted by Exosome-Surface Anti-Peptide Antibody Light Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155540. [PMID: 32748889 PMCID: PMC7432818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered suppressor T cell-derived, antigen (Ag)-specific exosomes inhibiting mouse hapten-induced contact sensitivity effector T cells by targeting antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These suppressive exosomes acted Ag-specifically due to a coating of antibody free light chains (FLC) from Ag-activated B1a cells. Current studies are aimed at determining if similar immune tolerance could be induced in cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the protein Ag (ovalbumin, OVA). Intravenous administration of a high dose of OVA-coupled, syngeneic erythrocytes similarly induced CD3+CD8+ suppressor T cells producing suppressive, miRNA-150-carrying exosomes, also coated with B1a cell-derived, OVA-specific FLC. Simultaneously, OVA-immunized B1a cells produced an exosome subpopulation, originally coated with Ag-specific FLC, that could be rendered suppressive by in vitro association with miRNA-150. Importantly, miRNA-150-carrying exosomes from both suppressor T cells and B1a cells efficiently induced prolonged DTH suppression after single systemic administration into actively immunized mice, with the strongest effect observed after oral treatment. Current studies also showed that OVA-specific FLC on suppressive exosomes bind OVA peptides suggesting that exosome-coating FLC target APCs by binding to peptide-Ag-major histocompatibility complexes. This renders APCs capable of inhibiting DTH effector T cells. Thus, our studies describe a novel immune tolerance mechanism mediated by FLC-coated, Ag-specific, miRNA-150-carrying exosomes that act on the APC and are particularly effective after oral administration.
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Potestà M, Roglia V, Fanelli M, Pietrobono E, Gismondi A, Vumbaca S, Nguedia Tsangueu RG, Canini A, Colizzi V, Grelli S, Minutolo A, Montesano C. Effect of microvesicles from Moringa oleifera containing miRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in tumor cell lines. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:43. [PMID: 32550010 PMCID: PMC7272625 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microvesicles are key mediators of cell-cell communication. Exosomes function as microRNA transporters, playing a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. Plant microvesicles (MVs) display similar features to mammalian exosomes, and these MVs might enhance plant microRNA delivery in mammals. Considering that plant microRNAs have been newly identified as bioactive constituents in medicinal plants, and that their potential role as regulators in mammals has been underlined, in this study, we characterized MVs purified from Moringa oleifera seeds aqueous extract (MOES MVs) and used flow cytometry methods to quantify the ability to deliver their content to host cells. The microRNAs present in MOES MVs were characterized, and through a bioinformatic analysis, specific human apoptosis-related target genes of plant miRNAs were identified. In tumor cell lines, MOES MVs treatment reduced viability, increased apoptosis levels associated with a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, the effects observed with MOES MVs treatment were comparable to those observed with MOES treatment and transfection with the pool of small RNAs isolated from MOES, used as a control. These results highlight the role of microRNAs transported by MOES MVs as natural bioactive plant compounds that counteract tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Potestà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Roglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Fanelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pietrobono
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Vumbaca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Kakeshpour T, Tamang TM, Park WD, Manohar M, Yang J, Hirschi KD, Park S. Expression of mouse small interfering RNAs in lettuce using artificial microRNA technology. Biotechniques 2020; 68:214-218. [PMID: 31939314 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial miRNA technology enables the generation of siRNAs to regulate the expression of targeted genes. However, the application of siRNAs to alter gene expression is challenging due to their instability and requires a means to efficiently deliver siRNAs into the host. Here, we report that the siRNAs targeted to animal mRNAs can be heterologously expressed and stably produced in lettuce. We have modified rice miRNA precursors to produce siRNAs in lettuce with the potential to target mRNAs of mouse complement 3 (C3) and coagulation factor 7 (CF7). Expression of primary and mature siRNAs in the transgenic lettuce lines was confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Our study demonstrates an applicable tool to alter gene expression in the targeted host and has potential utility in siRNA-based oral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Kakeshpour
- Department of Horticulture & Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Tej Man Tamang
- Department of Horticulture & Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Woojun D Park
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Murli Manohar
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030,USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030,USA
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture & Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Rodrigues TB, Petrick JS. Safety Considerations for Humans and Other Vertebrates Regarding Agricultural Uses of Externally Applied RNA Molecules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32391029 PMCID: PMC7191066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) for use as topical biopesticides in agriculture was recently discussed during an OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Conference on RNA interference (RNAi)-based pesticides. Several topics were presented and these covered different aspects of RNAi technology, its application, and its potential effects on target and non-target organisms (including both mammals and non-mammals). This review presents information relating to RNAi mechanisms in vertebrates, the history of safe RNA consumption, the biological barriers that contribute to the safety of its consumption, and effects related to humans and other vertebrates as discussed during the conference. We also review literature related to vertebrates exposed to RNA molecules and further consider human health safety assessments of RNAi-based biopesticides. This includes possible routes of exposure other than the ingestion of potential residual material in food and water (such as dermal and inhalation exposures during application in the field), the implications of different types of formulations and RNA structures, and the possibility of non-specific effects such as the activation of the innate immune system or saturation of the RNAi machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay S. Petrick
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Jay S. Petrick,
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Tuscany Sangiovese grape juice imparts cardioprotection by regulating gene expression of cardioprotective C-type natriuretic peptide. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2953-2968. [PMID: 31707544 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A regular intake of red grape juice has cardioprotective properties, but its role on the modulation of natriuretic peptides (NPs), in particular of C-type NP (CNP), has not yet been proven. The aims were to evaluate: (1) in vivo the effects of long-term intake of Tuscany Sangiovese grape juice (SGJ) on the NPs system in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI); (2) in vitro the response to SGJ small RNAs of murine MCEC-1 under physiological and ischemic condition; (3) the activation of CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C in healthy human subjects after 7 days' SGJ regular intake. METHODS (1) C57BL/6J male and female mice (n = 33) were randomly subdivided into: SHAM (n = 7), MI (n = 15) and MI fed for 4 weeks with a normal chow supplemented with Tuscany SGJ (25% vol/vol, 200 µl/per day) (MI + SGJ, n = 11). Echocardiography and histological analyses were performed. Myocardial NPs transcriptional profile was investigated by Real-Time PCR. (2) MCEC-1 were treated for 24 h with a pool of SGJ small RNAs and cell viability under 24 h exposure to H2O2 was evaluated by MTT assay. (3) Human blood samples were collected from seven subjects before and after the 7 days' intake of Tuscany SGJ. NPs and miRNA transcriptional profile were investigated by Real-Time PCR in MCEC-1 and human blood. RESULTS Our experimental data, obtained in a multimodal pipeline, suggest that the long-term intake of SGJ promotes an adaptive response of the myocardium to the ischemic microenvironment through the modulation of the cardiac CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C system. CONCLUSIONS Our results open new avenue in the development of functional foods aimed at enhancing cardioprotection of infarcted hearts through action on the myocardial epigenome.
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Van Hese I, Goossens K, Vandaele L, Opsomer G. Invited review: MicroRNAs in bovine colostrum-Focus on their origin and potential health benefits for the calf. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1-15. [PMID: 31677833 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colostrum is the first milk produced by a cow after she gives birth. Compared with mature milk, it has a high concentration of immunoglobulin G. Calves are born without circulating antibodies, thus ingestion of colostrum is necessary to protect the calf against pathogens in the first challenging weeks of life. In addition to the life-saving supply of antibodies, colostrum contains minerals, vitamins, growth factors, and immune cells. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were added to that list. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are thought to act as key regulators of diverse biological and developmental processes. Colostrum contains higher amounts of miRNAs than mature milk; immune- and development-related miRNAs are prominent. Their expression pattern in milk is likely to be influenced by maternal nutrition and environment. The fat content of the maternal diet appears to have a major effect on expression of miRNAs in milk and in the neonate. The immunological state of the mammary gland seems to affect miRNA expression as well. In cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, alterations in the expression of miRNAs in milk have been observed. It is believed that miRNAs in colostrum and milk are signaling molecules passed from mother to newborn. They are packaged in extracellular vesicles, which makes them resistant to the harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, they can reach the small intestine, where they are absorbed and transferred into the bloodstream. MicroRNAs are important for the development of the intestines. For example, miRNAs stimulate cell viability, proliferation, and stem cell activity of the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, miRNAs seem to act as key players in the development of the complete immune system. They can, among other things, regulate B- and T-cell differentiation and affect interleukin production of macrophages. The abundance of miRNAs in colostrum and milk and the possibility for their absorption in the intestines of the neonate supports the hypothesis that these tiny molecules are important for the development of the newborn. The probable relation of diet to the expression of miRNAs by the mother creates a possible avenue to optimize expression of miRNAs and improve neonatal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Van Hese
- Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Scheldeweg, Melle, 9090, Belgium; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
| | - K Goossens
- Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Scheldeweg, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - L Vandaele
- Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Scheldeweg, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
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Abstract
Insights in RNA biology have opened up a plethora of opportunities to explore the small regulatory RNAs from various natural and artificial sources. These small RNAs have been suggested to play a role too in tumor progression by either as oncogenic or tumor suppressor small RNAs. In this study, authors have attempted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of small RNAs fractionated from corn (Zea mays) upon growth and survival of HeLa. Here, authors have employed standard cellular-based approaches including microscopy, spectroscopy, and flow cytometry-based staining assays. Our data indicate that corn small RNAs fraction can appreciably decrease HeLa cell proliferation and survival, which is supported by a number of complementary assays such as Trypan blue dye exclusion, MTT, propidium iodide, and Annexin V/PI apoptotic cell death. Taken together, present finding suggests that corn small RNAs fraction may display up to 70% reduction in HeLa cell viability. Furthermore, these data indicate that around 40-50% of HeLa cells become apoptotic due to exogenous use of corn small. Overall, this finding proposes that possibility of cross-kingdom anticancer use of small RNAs from corn and present data need to be explored in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Shekhawat
- a Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Devashree Jahagirdar
- a Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Sunny Yadav
- a Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- a Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune , India
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Shekhawat M, Jahagirdar D, Yadav S, Sharma NK. Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa by Corn Small RNAs. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:348-358. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1526307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Shekhawat
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Devashree Jahagirdar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Sunny Yadav
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
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15
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Shekhawat M, Jahagirdar D, Yadav S, Sharma NK. Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa by Corn Small RNAs. Nutr Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1526307 [in press] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Shekhawat
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Devashree Jahagirdar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Sunny Yadav
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
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16
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Zhang S, Hong Z. Mobile RNAs—the magical elf traveling between plant and the associated organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Sanchita, Trivedi R, Asif MH, Trivedi PK. Dietary plant miRNAs as an augmented therapy: cross-kingdom gene regulation. RNA Biol 2018; 15:1433-1439. [PMID: 30474479 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1551693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-kingdom gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) initiated a hot debate on the effective role of orally acquired plant miRNAs on human gene expression. It resulted in the expansion of gene regulation theories and role of plant miRNAs in cross-kingdom regulation of gene expression. This opened up the discussion that 'Whether we really get what we eat?' and 'Whether the orally acquired miRNAs really have a biologically important consequences after entering our digestive and circulatory system?' The reports of orally acquired plant miRNAs inside human alimentary canal have been a topic of discussion in the scientific community. The cross-kingdom gene regulations have raised our hopes to explore the exciting world of plant miRNAs as therapeutic potential and dietary supplements. However, there are reports which have raised concerns over any such cross-kingdom regulation and argued that technical flaws in the experiments might have led to such hypothesis. This review will give the complete understanding of exogenous application and cross-kingdom regulation of plant miRNAs on human health. Here, we provide update and discuss the consequences of plant miRNA mediated cross-kingdom gene regulation and possibilities for this exciting regulatory mechanism as an augmented therapy against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita
- a Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- b Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Mehar Hasan Asif
- a Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh , India.,c Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- a Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh , India.,c Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
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18
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Yang J, Elbaz-Younes I, Primo C, Murungi D, Hirschi KD. Intestinal permeability, digestive stability and oral bioavailability of dietary small RNAs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10253. [PMID: 29980707 PMCID: PMC6035168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impactful dietary RNA delivery requires improving uptake and enhancing digestive stability. In mouse feeding regimes, we have demonstrated that a plant-based ribosomal RNA (rRNA), MIR2911, is more bioavailable than synthetic MIR2911 or canonical microRNAs (miRNAs). Here mutagenesis was used to discern if MIR2911 has a distinctive sequence that aids stability and uptake. Various mutations had modest impacts while one scrambled sequence displayed significantly enhanced digestive stability, serum stability, and bioavailability. To assess if small RNA (sRNA) bioavailability in mice could be improved by increasing gut permeability, various diets, genetic backgrounds and pharmacological methods were surveyed. An intraperitoneal injection of anti-CD3 antibody enhanced gut permeability which correlated with improved uptake of the digestively stable scrambled MIR2911 variant. However, the bioavailability of canonical miRNAs was not enhanced. Similarly, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice and mice treated with aspirin displayed enhanced gut permeability that did not enhance uptake of most plant-based sRNAs. This work supports a model where dietary RNAs are vulnerable to digestion and altering gut permeability alone will not impact apparent bioavailability. We suggest that some dietary sRNA may be more digestively stable and methods to broadly increase sRNA uptake requires delivery vehicles to optimize gut and serum stability in the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ismail Elbaz-Younes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cecilia Primo
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Danna Murungi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
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19
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Zhao Q, Liu Y, Zhang N, Hu M, Zhang H, Joshi T, Xu D. Evidence for plant-derived xenomiRs based on a large-scale analysis of public small RNA sequencing data from human samples. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0187519. [PMID: 29949574 PMCID: PMC6021041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported the presence of plant miRNAs in human samples, which resulted in a hypothesis asserting the existence of plant-derived exogenous microRNA (xenomiR). However, this hypothesis is not widely accepted in the scientific community due to possible sample contamination and the small sample size with lack of rigorous statistical analysis. This study provides a systematic statistical test that can validate (or invalidate) the plant-derived xenomiR hypothesis by analyzing 388 small RNA sequencing data from human samples in 11 types of body fluids/tissues. A total of 166 types of plant miRNAs were found in at least one human sample, of which 14 plant miRNAs represented more than 80% of the total plant miRNAs abundance in human samples. Plant miRNA profiles were characterized to be tissue-specific in different human samples. Meanwhile, the plant miRNAs identified from microbiome have an insignificant abundance compared to those from humans, while plant miRNA profiles in human samples were significantly different from those in plants, suggesting that sample contamination is an unlikely reason for all the plant miRNAs detected in human samples. This study also provides a set of testable synthetic miRNAs with isotopes that can be detected in situ after being fed to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanning Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Menghan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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20
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Chan SY, Snow JW. Formidable challenges to the notion of biologically important roles for dietary small RNAs in ingesting mammals. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:13. [PMID: 29308096 PMCID: PMC5753850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The notion of uptake of active diet-derived small RNAs (sRNAs) in recipient organisms could have significant implications for our understanding of oral therapeutics and nutrition, for the safe use of RNA interference (RNAi) in agricultural biotechnology, and for ecological relationships. Yet, the transfer and subsequent regulation of gene activity by diet-derived sRNAs in ingesting mammals are still heavily debated. Here, we synthesize current information based on multiple independent studies of mammals, invertebrates, and plants. Rigorous assessment of these data emphasize that uptake of active dietary sRNAs is neither a robust nor a prevalent mechanism to maintain steady-state levels in higher organisms. While disagreement still continues regarding whether such transfer may occur in specialized contexts, concerns about technical difficulties and a lack of consensus on appropriate methods have led to questions regarding the reproducibility and biologic significance of some seemingly positive results. For any continuing investigations, concerted efforts should be made to establish a strong mechanistic basis for potential effects of dietary sRNAs and to agree on methodological guidelines for realizing such proof. Such processes would ensure proper interpretation of studies aiming to prove dietary sRNA activity in mammals and inform potential for application in therapeutics and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, BST 1704.2, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Jonathan W Snow
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027 USA
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21
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Cross-Kingdom Regulation of Putative miRNAs Derived from Happy Tree in Cancer Pathway: A Systems Biology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061191. [PMID: 28587194 PMCID: PMC5486014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known key regulators of gene expression primarily at the post-transcriptional level. Plant-derived miRNAs may pass through the gastrointestinal tract, entering into the body fluid and regulate the expression of endogenous mRNAs. Camptotheca acuminata, a highly important medicinal plant known for its anti-cancer potential was selected to investigate cross-kingdom regulatory mechanism and involvement of miRNAs derived from this plant in cancer-associated pathways through in silico systems biology approach. In this study, total 33 highly stable putative novel miRNAs were predicted from the publically available 53,294 ESTs of C. acuminata, out of which 14 miRNAs were found to be regulating 152 target genes in human. Functional enrichment, gene-disease associations and network analysis of these target genes were carried out and the results revealed their association with prominent types of cancers like breast cancer, leukemia and lung cancer. Pathways like focal adhesion, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes and mTOR signaling pathways were found significantly associated with the target genes. The regulatory network analysis showed the association of some important hub proteins like GSK3B, NUMB, PEG3, ITGA2 and DLG2 with cancer-associated pathways. Based on the analysis results, it can be suggested that the ingestion of the C. acuminata miRNAs may have a functional impact on tumorigenesis in a cross-kingdom way and may affect the physiological condition at genetic level. Thus, the predicted miRNAs seem to hold potentially significant role in cancer pathway regulation and therefore, may be further validated using in vivo experiments for a better insight into their mechanism of epigenetic action of miRNA.
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22
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Yang J, Kongchan N, Primo Planta C, Neilson JR, Hirschi KD. The atypical genesis and bioavailability of the plant-based small RNA MIR2911: Bulking up while breaking down. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28319645 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The uptake of dietary plant small RNAs (sRNAs) in consumers remains controversial, which is mainly due to low dietary content in combination with poor fractional absorption. MIR2911, among all the plant sRNAs including microRNAs, has been shown to be one of the most robustly absorbed sRNAs. Here we analyze the unusual abundance and unique genesis of MIR2911 during vegetable processing. METHODS AND RESULTS Using qRT-PCR, the abundance of MIR2911 increased dramatically in macerated tissues while other microRNAs degraded. The accumulation of MIR2911 correlated with the degradation of the rRNAs, consistent with MIR2911 being derived from the 26S rRNA. Bioinformatic analysis predicts a microRNA-like precursor structure for MIR2911; however, no reciprocal increase in the putative star-strand was noted, and using an Arabidopsis mutation deficient in miRNA processing the accumulation of MIR2911 appeared Dicer independent. MIR2911 was incorporated into the mammalian RNA-induced silencing complex as demonstrated in HEK293T cells, where transfected synthetic MIR2911 modestly suppressed the activity of a cognate luciferase reporter. CONCLUSION The genesis and amplification of MIR2911 post-harvest is atypical, as traditional plant bioactives are less plentiful as vegetables lose freshness. These findings offer an explanation to the disparity in serum detection between MIR2911 and canonical plant-based miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natee Kongchan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia Primo Planta
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joel R Neilson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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23
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Luo Y, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Mu Z, Li Q, Fu Y, Xiao J, Li G, Ma Y, Gu Y, Jin L, Ma J, Tang Q, Jiang A, Li X, Li M. Detection of dietetically absorbed maize-derived microRNAs in pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:645. [PMID: 28381865 PMCID: PMC5428504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small RNAs that are important in post-transcriptional gene regulation in animals and plants. These single-stranded molecules are widely distributed in organisms and influence fundamental biological processes. Interestingly, recent studies have reported that diet-derived plant miRNAs could regulate mammalian gene expression, and these studies have broadened our view of cross-kingdom communication. In the present study, we evaluated miRNA levels in cooked maize-containing chow diets, and found that plant miRNAs were resistant to the harsh cooking conditions to a certain extent. After feeding fresh maize to pigs (7 days), maize-derived miRNAs could be detected in porcine tissues and serum, and the authenticity of these plant miRNAs was confirmed by using oxidization reactions. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that dietary maize miRNAs could cross the gastrointestinal tract and enter the porcine bloodstream. In the porcine cells, we found that plant miRNAs are very likely to specifically target their endogenous porcine mRNAs and influence gene expression in a fashion similar to that of mammalian miRNAs. Our results indicate that maize-derived miRNAs can cross the gastrointestinal tract and present in pigs, and these exogenous miRNAs have the potential to regulate mammalian gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiping Mu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Qingzhi Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- The Fishery Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiren Gu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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24
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Chan SY, Snow JW. Uptake and impact of natural diet-derived small RNA in invertebrates: Implications for ecology and agriculture. RNA Biol 2017; 14:402-414. [PMID: 27763816 PMCID: PMC5411125 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1248329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative transfer and gene regulatory activities of diet-derived small RNAs (sRNAs) in ingesting animals are still debated. The existence of natural uptake of diet-derived sRNA by invertebrate species could have significant implication for our understanding of ecological relationships and could synergize with efforts to use RNA interference (RNAi) technology in agriculture. Here, we synthesize information gathered from studies in invertebrates using natural or artificial dietary delivery of sRNA and from studies of sRNA in vertebrate animals and plants to review our current understanding of uptake and impact of natural diet-derived sRNA on invertebrates. Our understanding has been influenced and sometimes confounded by the diversity of invertebrates and ingested plants studied, our limited insights into how gene expression may be modulated by dietary sRNAs at the mechanistic level, and the paucity of studies focusing directly on natural uptake of sRNA. As such, we suggest 2 strategies to investigate this phenomenon more comprehensively and thus facilitate the realization of its potentially broad impact on ecology and agriculture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y. Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Ye EA, Steinle JJ. Regulatory role of microRNA on inflammatory responses of diabetic retinopathy. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:580-581. [PMID: 28553335 PMCID: PMC5436353 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jena J Steinle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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26
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Zhang X, Cozen AE, Liu Y, Chen Q, Lowe TM. Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Function and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:1025-1034. [PMID: 27840066 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs have the potential to store a secondary layer of labile biological information in the form of modified nucleotides. Emerging evidence has shown that small RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) harbor a diversity of RNA modifications. These findings highlight the importance of RNA modifications in the modulation of basic properties such as RNA stability and other complex physiological processes involved in stress responses, metabolism, immunity, and epigenetic inheritance of environmentally acquired traits, among others. High-resolution, high-throughput methods for detecting, mapping and screening these small RNA modifications now provide opportunities to uncover their diagnostic potential as sensitive disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Aaron E Cozen
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Todd M Lowe
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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27
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Masood M, Everett CP, Chan SY, Snow JW. Negligible uptake and transfer of diet-derived pollen microRNAs in adult honey bees. RNA Biol 2016; 13:109-18. [PMID: 26680555 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1128063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative transfer and gene regulatory activities of diet-derived miRNAs in ingesting animals are still debated. Importantly, no study to date has fully examined the role of dietary uptake of miRNA in the honey bee, a critical pollinator in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. After controlled pollen feeding experiments in adult honey bees, we observed that midguts demonstrated robust increases in plant miRNAs after pollen ingestion. However, we found no evidence of biologically relevant delivery of these molecules to proximal or distal tissues of recipient honey bees. Our results, therefore, support the premise that pollen miRNAs ingested as part of a typical diet are not robustly transferred across barrier epithelia of adult honey bees under normal conditions. Key future questions include whether other small RNA species in honey bee diets behave similarly and whether more specialized and specific delivery mechanisms exist for more efficient transport, particularly in the context of stressed barrier epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masood
- a Department of Biology , Barnard College , New York , NY , 10027 , USA
| | - Claire P Everett
- a Department of Biology , Barnard College , New York , NY , 10027 , USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- b Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , 15261 , USA
| | - Jonathan W Snow
- a Department of Biology , Barnard College , New York , NY , 10027 , USA
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28
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Wang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Liu S, Wang G, Zhou J, Yuan Y, Chen T, Jiang C, Zha L, Huang L. Validation of Suitable Reference Genes for Assessing Gene Expression of MicroRNAs in Lonicera japonica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1101. [PMID: 27507983 PMCID: PMC4961011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which play crucial regulatory roles in plant secondary metabolism and responses to the environment, could be developed as promising biomarkers for different varieties and production areas of herbal medicines. However, limited information is available for miRNAs from Lonicera japonica, which is widely used in East Asian countries owing to various pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. Selection of suitable reference genes for quantification of target miRNA expression through quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR is important for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of secondary metabolic regulation in different tissues and varieties of L. japonica. For precise normalization of gene expression data in L. japonica, 16 candidate miRNAs were examined in three tissues, as well as 21 cultivated varieties collected from 16 production areas, using GeNorm, NormFinder, and RefFinder algorithms. Our results revealed combination of u534122 and u3868172 as the best reference genes across all samples. Their specificity was confirmed by detecting the cycling threshold (C t) value ranges in different varieties of L. japonica collected from diverse production areas, suggesting the use of these two reference miRNAs is sufficient for accurate transcript normalization with different tissues, varieties, and production areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report on validation of reference miRNAs in honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.). Restuls from this study can further facilitate discovery of functional regulatory miRNAs in different varieties of L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xumin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Tiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Liangping Zha
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
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Yang J, Hotz T, Broadnax L, Yarmarkovich M, Elbaz-Younes I, Hirschi KD. Anomalous uptake and circulatory characteristics of the plant-based small RNA MIR2911. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26834. [PMID: 27251858 PMCID: PMC4890004 DOI: 10.1038/srep26834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent detection of plant-based dietary small RNAs in circulation has thwarted the use of dietary RNA therapeutics. Here we demonstrate mice consuming diets rich in vegetables displayed enhanced serum levels of the plant specific small RNA MIR2911. Differential centrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and proteinase K treatment of plant extracts suggest this RNA resides within a proteinase K-sensitive complex. Plant derived MIR2911 was more bioavailable than the synthetic RNA. Furthermore, MIR2911 exhibited unusual digestive stability compared with other synthetic plant microRNAs. The characteristics of circulating MIR2911 were also unusual as it was not associated with exosomes and fractionated as a soluble complex that was insensitive to proteinase K treatment, consistent with MIR2911 being stabilized by modifications conferred by the host. These results indicate that intrinsic stability and plant-based modifications orchestrate consumer uptake of this anomalous plant based small RNA and invite revisiting plant-based microRNA therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - LaCassidy Broadnax
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark Yarmarkovich
- Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ismail Elbaz-Younes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Abstract
An increasing body of literature is addressing the immuno-modulating functions of miRNAs which include paracrine signaling via exosome-mediated intercellular miRNA. In view of the recent evidence of intake and bioavailability of dietary miRNAs in humans and animals we explored the immuno-modulating capacity of plant derived miRNAs. Here we show that transfection of synthetic miRNAs or native miRNA-enriched fractions obtained from a wide range of plant species and organs modifies dendritic cells ability to respond to inflammatory agents by limiting T cell proliferation and consequently dampening inflammation. This immuno-modulatory effect appears associated with binding of plant miRNA on TLR3 with ensuing impairment of TRIF signaling. Similarly, in vivo, plant small RNAs reduce the onset of severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelities by limiting dendritic cell migration and dampening Th1 and Th17 responses in a Treg-independent manner. Our results indicate a potential for therapeutic use of plant miRNAs in the prevention of chronic-inflammation related diseases.
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Roberts AF, Devos Y, Lemgo GNY, Zhou X. Biosafety research for non-target organism risk assessment of RNAi-based GE plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:958. [PMID: 26594220 PMCID: PMC4635219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference, or RNAi, refers to a set of biological processes that make use of conserved cellular machinery to silence genes. Although there are several variations in the source and mechanism, they are all triggered by double stranded RNA (dsRNA) which is processed by a protein complex into small, single stranded RNA, referred to as small interfering RNAs (siRNA) with complementarity to sequences in genes targeted for silencing. The use of the RNAi mechanism to develop new traits in plants has fueled a discussion about the environmental safety of the technology for these applications, and this was the subject of a symposium session at the 13th ISBGMO in Cape Town, South Africa. This paper continues that discussion by proposing research areas that may be beneficial for future environmental risk assessments of RNAi-based genetically modified plants, with a particular focus on non-target organism assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Roberts
- ILSI Research Foundation, Center for Environmental Risk AssessmentWashington, DC, USA
| | - Yann Devos
- GMO Unit, European Food Safety AuthorityParma, Italy
| | - Godwin N. Y. Lemgo
- NEPAD Agency – African Biosafety Network of ExpertiseOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, USA
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