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Hösch NG, Martins BB, Alcantara QA, Bufalo MC, Neto BS, Chudzinki-Tavassi AM, Santa-Cecilia FV, Cury Y, Zambelli VO. Wnt signaling is involved in crotalphine-induced analgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176058. [PMID: 37739305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin and atypical Wnt/Ryk signaling pathways in the spinal cord is critical for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Crotalphine is a structural analog to a peptide first identified in Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, which induces antinociception by activating kappa-opioid and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Consistent with previous data, we showed that the protein levels of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and the atypical Wnt/Ryk signaling pathways are increased in neuropathic rats. Importantly, the administration of crotalphine downregulates these protein levels, including its downstream cascades, such as TCF4 from the canonical pathway and NR2B glutamatergic receptor and Ca2+-dependent signals, via the Ryk receptor. The CB2 receptor antagonist, AM630, abolished the crotalphine-induced atypical Wnt/Ryk signaling pathway activation. However, the selective CB2 agonist affects both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in the spinal cord. Next, we showed that crotalphine blocked hypersensitivity and significantly decreased the concentration of IL-1ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-ɑ, MIP-1ɑ and MIP-2 induced by intrathecal injection of exogenous Wnt-3a agonist. Taken together, our findings show that crotalphine induces analgesia in a neuropathic pain model by down-regulating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and the atypical Wnt/Ryk signaling pathways and, consequently controlling neuroinflammation. This effect is, at least in part, mediated by CB2 receptor activation. These results open a perspective for new approaches that can be used to target Wnt signaling in the context of chronic pain. PERSPECTIVE: Our work identified that crotalphine-induced activation of CB2 receptors plays a critical role in the impairment of Wnt signaling during neuropathic pain. This work suggests that drugs with opioid/cannabinoid activity may be a useful strategy to target Wnt signaling in the context of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália G Hösch
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara B Martins
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Queren A Alcantara
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Michelle Cristiane Bufalo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Neto
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinki-Tavassi
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Santa-Cecilia
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yara Cury
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa O Zambelli
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Pilmane M, Jain N, Nadzina E, Fedirko P, Sumeraga G. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cleft-affected scar tissue three decades post-corrective surgery: A rare case report. ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23772484.2022.2146586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Pilmane
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Nityanand Jain
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elina Nadzina
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pavlo Fedirko
- Institute of Radiation Hygiene and Epidemiology, State Institution – National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Gunta Sumeraga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
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Shi F, Mendrola JM, Sheetz JB, Wu N, Sommer A, Speer KF, Noordermeer JN, Kan ZY, Perry K, Englander SW, Stayrook SE, Fradkin LG, Lemmon MA. ROR and RYK extracellular region structures suggest that receptor tyrosine kinases have distinct WNT-recognition modes. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109834. [PMID: 34686333 PMCID: PMC8650758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
WNTs play key roles in development and disease, signaling through Frizzled (FZD) seven-pass transmembrane receptors and numerous co-receptors including ROR and RYK family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We describe crystal structures and WNT-binding characteristics of extracellular regions from the Drosophila ROR and RYK orthologs Nrk (neurospecific receptor tyrosine kinase) and Derailed-2 (Drl-2), which bind WNTs though a FZD-related cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and WNT-inhibitory factor (WIF) domain respectively. Our crystal structures suggest that neither Nrk nor Drl-2 can accommodate the acyl chain typically attached to WNTs. The Nrk CRD contains a deeply buried bound fatty acid, unlikely to be exchangeable. The Drl-2 WIF domain lacks the lipid-binding site seen in WIF-1. We also find that recombinant DWnt-5 can bind Drosophila ROR and RYK orthologs despite lacking an acyl chain. Alongside analyses of WNT/receptor interaction sites, our structures provide further insight into how WNTs may recruit RTK co-receptors into signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeannine M Mendrola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua B Sheetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Neo Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anselm Sommer
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Kelsey F Speer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jasprina N Noordermeer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Zhong-Yuan Kan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kay Perry
- NE-CAT, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S Walter Englander
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven E Stayrook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Lee G Fradkin
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wnt signaling contributes to withdrawal symptoms from opioid receptor activation induced by morphine exposure or chronic inflammation. Pain 2021; 161:532-544. [PMID: 31738230 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preventing and treating opioid dependence and withdrawal is a major clinical challenge, and the underlying mechanisms of opioid dependence and withdrawal remain elusive. We hypothesized that prolonged morphine exposure or chronic inflammation-induced μ-opioid receptor activity serves as a severe stress that elicits neuronal alterations and recapitulates events during development. Here, we report that Wnt signaling, which is important in developmental processes of the nervous system, plays a critical role in withdrawal symptoms from opioid receptor activation in mice. Repeated exposures of morphine or peripheral inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant significantly increase the expression of Wnt5b in the primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Accumulated Wnt5b in DRG neurons quickly transmits to the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) after naloxone treatment. In the DH, Wnt5b, acts through the atypical Wnt-Ryk receptor and alternative Wnt-YAP/TAZ signaling pathways, contributing to the naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal-like behavioral symptoms and hyperalgesia. Inhibition of Wnt synthesis and blockage of Wnt signaling pathways greatly suppress the behavioral and neurochemical alterations after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. These findings reveal a critical mechanism underlying naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal, suggesting that targeting Wnt5b synthesis in DRG neurons and Wnt signaling in DH may be an effective approach for prevention and treatment of opioid withdrawal syndromes, as well as the transition from acute to chronic pain.
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Wnt5a promotes renal tubular inflammation in diabetic nephropathy by binding to CD146 through noncanonical Wnt signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:92. [PMID: 33462195 PMCID: PMC7814016 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune and inflammatory factors have emerged as key pathophysiological mechanisms in the progression of diabetic renal injury. Noncanonical Wnt5a signaling plays an essential role in obesity- or diabetes-induced metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, but its explicit molecular mechanisms and biological function in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of Wnt5a and CD146 in the kidney and the level of soluble form of CD146 (sCD146) in serum and urine samples were upregulated in DN patients compared to controls, and this alteration was correlated with the inflammatory process and progression of renal impairment. Blocking the activation of Wnt5a signaling with the Wnt5a antagonist Box5 prevented JNK phosphorylation and high glucose-induced inflammatory responses in db/db mice and high glucose-treated HK-2 cells. Similar effects were observed by silencing Wnt5a with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in cultured HK-2 cells. Knockdown of CD146 blocked Wnt5a-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of JNK, which suggests that CD146 is essential for the activation of the Wnt5a pathway. Finally, we confirmed that Wnt5a directly interacted with CD146 to activate noncanonical Wnt signaling in HK-2 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that by directly binding to CD146, Wnt5a-induced noncanonical signaling is a contributing mechanism for renal tubular inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. The concentration of sCD146 in serum and urine could be a potential biomarker to predict renal outcomes in DN patients.
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Aghaizu ND, Jin H, Whiting PJ. Dysregulated Wnt Signalling in the Alzheimer's Brain. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E902. [PMID: 33255414 PMCID: PMC7761504 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling system is essential for both the developing and adult central nervous system. It regulates numerous cellular functions ranging from neurogenesis to blood brain barrier biology. Dysregulated Wnt signalling can thus have significant consequences for normal brain function, which is becoming increasingly clear in Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is the most prevalent form of dementia. AD exhibits a range of pathophysiological manifestations including aberrant amyloid precursor protein processing, tau pathology, synapse loss, neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier breakdown, which have been associated to a greater or lesser degree with abnormal Wnt signalling. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of Wnt signalling in the CNS, and the research that implicates dysregulated Wnt signalling in the ageing brain and in AD pathogenesis. We also discuss the opportunities for therapeutic intervention in AD via modulation of the Wnt signalling pathway, and highlight some of the challenges and the gaps in our current understanding that need to be met to enable that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozie D. Aghaizu
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Hanqing Jin
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Paul J. Whiting
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- ARUK Drug Discovery Institute (DDI), University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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7
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Xu X, Zhang M, Xu F, Jiang S. Wnt signaling in breast cancer: biological mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:165. [PMID: 33234169 PMCID: PMC7686704 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in controlling embryonic and organ development, as well as cancer progression. Genome-wide sequencing and gene expression profile analyses have demonstrated that Wnt signaling is involved mainly in the processes of breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. The most recent studies have indicated that Wnt signaling is also crucial in breast cancer immune microenvironment regulation, stemness maintenance, therapeutic resistance, phenotype shaping, etc. Wnt/β-Catenin, Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP), and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling are three well-established Wnt signaling pathways that share overlapping components and play different roles in breast cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the main findings concerning the relationship between Wnt signaling and breast cancer and provide an overview of existing mechanisms, challenges, and potential opportunities for advancing the therapy and diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Miaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Faying Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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8
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Spinal Wnt5a Plays a Key Role in Spinal Dendritic Spine Remodeling in Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain Models and in the Proalgesic Effects of Peripheral Wnt3a. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6664-6677. [PMID: 32616667 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2942-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling represents a highly versatile signaling system, which plays critical roles in developmental morphogenesis as well as synaptic physiology in adult life and is implicated in a variety of neural disorders. Recently, we demonstrated that Wnt3a is able to recruit multiple noncanonical signaling pathways to alter peripheral sensory neuron function in a nociceptive modality-specific manner. Furthermore, several studies recently reported an important role for Wnt5a acting via canonical and noncanonical signaling in spinal processing of nociception in a number of pathologic pain disorders. Here, using diverse molecular, genetic, and behavioral approaches in mouse models of pain in vivo, we report a novel role for Wnt5a signaling in nociceptive modulation at the structural level. In models of chronic pain, using male and female mice, we found that Wnt5a is released spinally from peripheral sensory neurons, where it recruits the tyrosine kinase receptors Ror2 and Ryk to modulate dendritic spine rearrangement. Blocking the Wnt5a-Ryk/Ror2 axis in spinal dorsal horn neurons prevented activity-dependent dendritic spine remodeling and significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity induced by peripheral injury as well as inflammation. Moreover, we observed that peripheral Wnt3a signaling triggers the release of Wnt5a in the spinal cord, and inhibition of spinal Wnt5a signaling attenuates the functional impact of peripheral Wnt3a on nociceptive sensitivity. In conclusion, this study reports a novel role for the Wnt signaling axis in coordinating peripheral and spinal sensitization and shows that targeting Wnt5a-Ryk/ROR2 signaling alleviates both structural and functional mechanisms of nociceptive hypersensitivity in models of chronic pain in vivo SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is a major need to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying chronic pain disorders to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Wnt signaling represents a highly versatile signaling system, which plays critical roles during development and adult physiology, and it was implicated in several diseases, including chronic pain conditions. Using mouse models, our study identifies a novel role for Wnt5a signaling in nociceptive modulation at the spinal cord level. We observed that Wnt5a recruits Ror2 and Ryk receptors to enhance dendritic spine density, leading to nociceptive sensitization. Blocking the Wnt5a-Ryk/Ror2 interaction in the spinal dorsal horn prevented spine remodeling and significantly reduced inflammatory and neuropathic hypersensitivity. These findings provide proof-of-concept for targeting spinal Wnt signaling for alleviating nociceptive hypersensitivity in vivo.
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Hing H, Reger N, Snyder J, Fradkin LG. Interplay between axonal Wnt5-Vang and dendritic Wnt5-Drl/Ryk signaling controls glomerular patterning in the Drosophila antennal lobe. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008767. [PMID: 32357156 PMCID: PMC7219789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of dendritic targeting in neural circuit assembly, the mechanisms by which it is controlled still remain incompletely understood. We previously showed that in the developing Drosophila antennal lobe, the Wnt5 protein forms a gradient that directs the ~45˚ rotation of a cluster of projection neuron (PN) dendrites, including the adjacent DA1 and VA1d dendrites. We report here that the Van Gogh (Vang) transmembrane planar cell polarity (PCP) protein is required for the rotation of the DA1/VA1d dendritic pair. Cell type-specific rescue and mosaic analyses showed that Vang functions in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), suggesting a codependence of ORN axonal and PN dendritic targeting. Loss of Vang suppressed the repulsion of the VA1d dendrites by Wnt5, indicating that Wnt5 signals through Vang to direct the rotation of the DA1 and VA1d glomeruli. We observed that the Derailed (Drl)/Ryk atypical receptor tyrosine kinase is also required for the rotation of the DA1/VA1d dendritic pair. Antibody staining showed that Drl/Ryk is much more highly expressed by the DA1 dendrites than the adjacent VA1d dendrites. Mosaic and epistatic analyses showed that Drl/Ryk specifically functions in the DA1 dendrites in which it antagonizes the Wnt5-Vang repulsion and mediates the migration of the DA1 glomerulus towards Wnt5. Thus, the nascent DA1 and VA1d glomeruli appear to exhibit Drl/Ryk-dependent biphasic responses to Wnt5. Our work shows that the final patterning of the fly olfactory map is the result of an interplay between ORN axons and PN dendrites, wherein converging pre- and postsynaptic processes contribute key Wnt5 signaling components, allowing Wnt5 to orient the rotation of nascent synapses through a PCP mechanism. During brain development, the processes of nerve cells, axons and dendrites, grow over long distances to find and connect with each other to form synapses in precise locations. Understanding the mechanisms that control the growth of these neurites is important for understanding normal brain functions like neuronal plasticity and neural diseases like autism. Although much progress has been made by studying the development of axons and dendrites separately, the mechanisms that guide neuronal processes to their final locations are still incompletely understood. In particular, careful observation of converging pre- and postsynaptic processes suggests that their targeting may be coordinated. Whether the final targeting of axons and dendrites are functionally linked and what molecular mechanisms may be involved are unknown. In this paper we show that, in the developing Drosophila olfactory circuit, coalescing axons and dendrites respond to the extracellular Wnt5 signal in a codependent manner. We demonstrate that the converging axons and dendrites contribute different signaling components to the Wnt5 pathway, the Vang Gogh and Derailed transmembrane receptors respectively, which allow Wnt5 to coordinately guide the targeting of the neurites. Our work thus reveals a novel mechanism of neural circuit patterning and the molecular mechanism that controls it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Hing
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Noah Reger
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Snyder
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America
| | - Lee G. Fradkin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
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Litak J, Grochowski C, Litak J, Osuchowska I, Gosik K, Radzikowska E, Kamieniak P, Rolinski J. TLR-4 Signaling vs. Immune Checkpoints, miRNAs Molecules, Cancer Stem Cells, and Wingless-Signaling Interplay in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093114. [PMID: 32354122 PMCID: PMC7247696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like-receptor (TLR) family members were detected in the central nervous system (CNS). TLR occurrence was noticed and widely described in glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) cells. After ligand attachment, TLR-4 reorients domains and dimerizes, activates an intracellular cascade, and promotes further cytoplasmatic signaling. There is evidence pointing at a strong relation between TLR-4 signaling and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression. The TLR-4/miRNA interplay changes typical signaling and encourages them to be a target for modern immunotherapy. TLR-4 agonists initiate signaling and promote programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1L) expression. Most of those molecules are intensively expressed in the GBM microenvironment, resulting in the autocrine induction of regional immunosuppression. Another potential target for immunotreatment is connected with limited TLR-4 signaling that promotes Wnt/DKK-3/claudine-5 signaling, resulting in a limitation of GBM invasiveness. Interestingly, TLR-4 expression results in bordering proliferative trends in cancer stem cells (CSC) and GBM. All of these potential targets could bring new hope for patients suffering from this incurable disease. Clinical trials concerning TLR-4 signaling inhibition/promotion in many cancers are recruiting patients. There is still a lot to do in the field of GBM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John‘s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ida Osuchowska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gosik
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Rolinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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WNT/RYK signaling restricts goblet cell differentiation during lung development and repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25697-25706. [PMID: 31776260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion are observed in many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. However, the regulation of goblet cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we identify a regulator of this process in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) screen for modulators of postnatal lung development; Ryk mutant mice exhibit lung inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. RYK functions as a WNT coreceptor, and, in the developing lung, we observed high RYK expression in airway epithelial cells and moderate expression in mesenchymal cells as well as in alveolar epithelial cells. From transcriptomic analyses and follow-up studies, we found decreased WNT/β-catenin signaling activity in the mutant lung epithelium. Epithelial-specific Ryk deletion causes goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion but not inflammation, while club cell-specific Ryk deletion in adult stages leads to goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion during regeneration. We also found that the airway epithelium of COPD patients often displays goblet cell metaplastic foci, as well as reduced RYK expression. Altogether, our findings reveal that RYK plays important roles in maintaining the balance between airway epithelial cell populations during development and repair, and that defects in RYK expression or function may contribute to the pathogenesis of human lung diseases.
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12
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Zhu S, Chen R, Soba P, Jan YN. JNK signaling coordinates with ecdysone signaling to promote pruning of Drosophila sensory neuron dendrites. Development 2019; 146:dev.163592. [PMID: 30936183 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developmental pruning of axons and dendrites is crucial for the formation of precise neuronal connections, but the mechanisms underlying developmental pruning are not fully understood. Here, we have investigated the function of JNK signaling in dendrite pruning using Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (c4da) neurons as a model. We find that loss of JNK or its canonical downstream effectors Jun or Fos led to dendrite-pruning defects in c4da neurons. Interestingly, our data show that JNK activity in c4da neurons remains constant from larval to pupal stages but the expression of Fos is specifically activated by ecdysone receptor B1 (EcRB1) at early pupal stages, suggesting that ecdysone signaling provides temporal control of the regulation of dendrite pruning by JNK signaling. Thus, our work not only identifies a novel pathway involved in dendrite pruning and a new downstream target of EcRB1 in c4da neurons, but also reveals that JNK and Ecdysone signaling coordinate to promote dendrite pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA .,Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 20251, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Peter Soba
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 20251, USA.,Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuh-Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 20251, USA
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13
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González-Fernández C, Gonzalez P, Andres-Benito P, Ferrer I, Rodríguez FJ. Wnt Signaling Alterations in the Human Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Cases: Spotlight on Fz2 and Wnt5a. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6777-6791. [PMID: 30924074 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no cure, and elucidation of the mechanisms mediating neuronal death in this neuropathology is crucial to develop effective treatments. It has recently been demonstrated in animal models that the Wnt family of proteins is involved in this neuropathology, although its potential involvement in case of humans is almost unknown. We analyzed the expression of Wnt signaling components in healthy and ALS human spinal cords by quantitative RT-PCR, and we found that most Wnt ligands, modulators, receptors, and co-receptors were expressed in healthy controls. Moreover, we observed clear alterations in the mRNA expression of different components of this family of proteins in human spinal cord tissue from ALS cases. Specifically, we detected a significant increase in the mRNA levels of Wnt3, Wnt4, Fz2, and Fz8, together with several non-significant increases in the mRNA expression of other genes such as Wnt2b, Wnt5a, Fz3, Lrp5, and sFRP3. Based on these observations and on previous reports of studies performed in animal models, we evaluated with immunohistochemistry the protein expression patterns of Fz2 and Fz5 receptors and their main ligand Wnt5a in control samples and ALS cases. No substantial changes were observed in Fz5 protein expression pattern in ALS samples. However, we detected an increase in the amount of Fz2+ astrocytes in the borderline between gray and white matter at the ventral horn in ALS samples. Finally, Wnt5a expression was observed in neurons and astrocytes in both control and ALS samples, although Wnt5a immunolabeling in astroglial cells was significantly increased in ALS spinal cords in the same region where changes in Fz2 were observed. Altogether, these observations strongly suggest that the Wnt family of proteins, and more specifically Fz2 and Wnt5a, might be involved in human ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Fernández
- Molecular Neurology Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (HNP), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pau Gonzalez
- Molecular Neurology Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (HNP), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pol Andres-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, IDIBELL-Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERNED, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, IDIBELL-Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERNED, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez
- Molecular Neurology Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (HNP), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
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14
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O'Brien LL, Combes AN, Short KM, Lindström NO, Whitney PH, Cullen-McEwen LA, Ju A, Abdelhalim A, Michos O, Bertram JF, Smyth IM, Little MH, McMahon AP. Wnt11 directs nephron progenitor polarity and motile behavior ultimately determining nephron endowment. eLife 2018; 7:e40392. [PMID: 30516471 PMCID: PMC6281319 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A normal endowment of nephrons in the mammalian kidney requires a balance of nephron progenitor self-renewal and differentiation throughout development. Here, we provide evidence for a novel action of ureteric branch tip-derived Wnt11 in progenitor cell organization and interactions within the nephrogenic niche, ultimately determining nephron endowment. In Wnt11 mutants, nephron progenitors dispersed from their restricted niche, intermixing with interstitial progenitors. Nephron progenitor differentiation was accelerated, kidneys were significantly smaller, and the nephron progenitor pool was prematurely exhausted, halving the final nephron count. Interestingly, RNA-seq revealed no significant differences in gene expression. Live imaging of nephron progenitors showed that in the absence of Wnt11 they lose stable attachments to the ureteric branch tips, continuously detaching and reattaching. Further, the polarized distribution of several markers within nephron progenitors is disrupted. Together these data highlight the importance of Wnt11 signaling in directing nephron progenitor behavior which determines a normal nephrogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alexander N Combes
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Kieran M Short
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Peter H Whitney
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Adler Ju
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ahmed Abdelhalim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Odyssé Michos
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - John F Bertram
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
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15
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Thiele S, Zimmer A, Göbel A, Rachner TD, Rother S, Fuessel S, Froehner M, Wirth MP, Muders MH, Baretton GB, Jakob F, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC. Role of WNT5A receptors FZD5 and RYK in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27293-27304. [PMID: 29930766 PMCID: PMC6007469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and has a high propensity to metastasize to bone. WNT5A has recently been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer, however, the receptors that mediate its effects remain unknown. Here, we identified Wnt receptors that are highly expressed in prostate cancer and investigated which of these receptors mediate the anti-tumor effects of WNT5A in prostate cancer in vitro. Extensive in vitro analyses revealed that the WNT5A receptors FZD5 and RYK mediate the anti-tumor effects of WNT5A on prostate cancer cells. Knock-down of FZD5 completely abrogated the anti-proliferative effect of WNT5A in PC3 cells. In contrast, knock-down of RYK and FZD8 did not rescue the inhibition of proliferation after WNT5A overexpression. In contrast, RYK knock-down inhibited the pro-apoptotic effect of WNT5A in PC3 cells by 60%, whereas the knock-down of either FZD5 or FZD8 further stimulated apoptosis after WNT5A overexpression (by 33% and 234%, respectively). Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated that WNT5A has a 30% stronger binding response to FZD5 than to RYK. Further investigations using a tissue microarray revealed that expression of RYK is increased in advanced prostate cancer tumor stages, but is not associated with survival of prostate cancer patients. In contrast, patients with low local FZD5 expression, in particular in combination with low WNT5A expression, showed a longer disease-specific survival. In conclusion, WNT5A/FZD5 and WNT5A/RYK signaling are both involved in mediating the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of WNT5A in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Thiele
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ariane Zimmer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Rother
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Froehner
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Yang QO, Yang WJ, Li J, Liu FT, Yuan H, Ou Yang YP. Ryk receptors on unmyelinated nerve fibers mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and CCL2 release during neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917709372. [PMID: 28565999 PMCID: PMC5459354 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917709372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is a major pathology of the central nervous system associated with neuroinflammation. Ryk (receptor-like tyrosine kinase) receptors act as repulsive axon-guidance molecules during development of central nervous system and neural injury. Increasing evidence suggests the potential involvement of Wnt/Ryk (wingless and Int) signaling in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Results The expression and location of Ryk receptor as well as its ligand Wnt1 were detected by qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We found that Ryk, a specific Wnt receptor, was expressed in IB4+ (Isolectin B4) and CGRP+ (calcitonin gene-related peptide) dorsal root ganglia neurons and their ascending unmyelinated fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Ryk was upregulated after spinal nerve ligation surgery. Wnt1 was also increased in activated astrocytes in the dorsal horn after spinal nerve ligation. The presynaptic mechanism of Ryk in regulation of neuropathic pain was determined by electrophysiology in spinal slice. Spinal nerve ligation model was established, and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting Ryk receptor was determined. Spine-specific blocking of the Wnt/Ryk receptor signaling attenuated the spinal nerve ligation-induced mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia. Further, it also blocked Ca2+-dependent signals including CaMKII and PKCγ, subsequent release of CCL2 (CCR-like protein) in the dorsal horn. An in vitro study showed that inactivating Ryk receptors with anti-Ryk antibodies or lentiviral Ryk shRNA led to the inactivation of Wnt1 for excitatory synaptic transmission in spinal slices and subsequent decrease in CCL2 expression in the dorsal root ganglia neurons. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the existence of critical crosstalk between astrocytes and unmyelinated fibers, which indicate the presynaptic mechanism of Ryk in cytokine transmission of neuropathic pain and the therapeutic potential for Wnt/Ryk signaling pathway in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ou Yang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Guangdong Military General Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- 2 Laboratory Animal Centre of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,4 Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Ting Liu
- 5 Department of Anesthesiology, The 302th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,4 Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ping Ou Yang
- 4 Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,6 Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Neuroscience Research Centre, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Roy JP, Halford MM, Stacker SA. The biochemistry, signalling and disease relevance of RYK and other WNT-binding receptor tyrosine kinases. Growth Factors 2018; 36:15-40. [PMID: 29806777 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1472089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a well-characterized family of growth factor receptors that have central roles in human disease and are frequently therapeutically targeted. The RYK, ROR, PTK7 and MuSK subfamilies make up an understudied subset of WNT-binding RTKs. Numerous developmental, stem cell and pathological roles of WNTs, in particular WNT5A, involve signalling via these WNT receptors. The WNT-binding RTKs have highly context-dependent signalling outputs and stimulate the β-catenin-dependent, planar cell polarity and/or WNT/Ca2+ pathways. RYK, ROR and PTK7 members have a pseudokinase domain in their intracellular regions. Alternative signalling mechanisms, including proteolytic cleavage and protein scaffolding functions, have been identified for these receptors. This review explores the structure, signalling, physiological and pathological roles of RYK, with particular attention paid to cancer and the possibility of therapeutically targeting RYK. The other WNT-binding RTKs are compared with RYK throughout to highlight the similarities and differences within this subset of WNT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Roy
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Michael M Halford
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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18
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Sarin S, Zuniga-Sanchez E, Kurmangaliyev YZ, Cousins H, Patel M, Hernandez J, Zhang KX, Samuel MA, Morey M, Sanes JR, Zipursky SL. Role for Wnt Signaling in Retinal Neuropil Development: Analysis via RNA-Seq and In Vivo Somatic CRISPR Mutagenesis. Neuron 2018; 98:109-126.e8. [PMID: 29576390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Screens for genes that orchestrate neural circuit formation in mammals have been hindered by practical constraints of germline mutagenesis. To overcome these limitations, we combined RNA-seq with somatic CRISPR mutagenesis to study synapse development in the mouse retina. Here synapses occur between cellular layers, forming two multilayered neuropils. The outer neuropil, the outer plexiform layer (OPL), contains synapses made by rod and cone photoreceptor axons on rod and cone bipolar dendrites, respectively. We used RNA-seq to identify selectively expressed genes encoding cell surface and secreted proteins and CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation with cell-specific promoters to assess their roles in OPL development. Among the genes identified in this way are Wnt5a and Wnt5b. They are produced by rod bipolars and activate a non-canonical signaling pathway in rods to regulate early OPL patterning. The approach we use here can be applied to other parts of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sarin
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zuniga-Sanchez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yerbol Z Kurmangaliyev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Henry Cousins
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mili Patel
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA
| | - Jeanette Hernandez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kelvin X Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA
| | - Marta Morey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA.
| | - S Lawrence Zipursky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases increasingly afflict our aging, dysmetabolic population. Complex signals regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and frizzled protein family members - the plasma membrane receptors for the cadre of Wnt polypeptide morphogens - contribute to the control of cardiovascular homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Both canonical (β-catenin-dependent) and noncanonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling programs control vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell phenotypic modulation in cardiometabolic disease. LRP6 limits VSM proliferation, reduces arteriosclerotic transcriptional reprogramming, and preserves insulin sensitivity while LRP5 restrains foam cell formation. Adipose, skeletal muscle, macrophages, and VSM have emerged as important sources of circulating Wnt ligands that are dynamically regulated during the prediabetes-diabetes transition with cardiometabolic consequences. Platelets release Dkk1, a LRP5/LRP6 inhibitor that induces endothelial inflammation and the prosclerotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, inhibitory secreted frizzled-related proteins shape the Wnt signaling milieu to limit myocardial inflammation with ischemia-reperfusion injury. VSM sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling in bone, restrains remodeling that predisposes to aneurysm formation, and is downregulated in aneurysmal vessels by epigenetic methylation. SUMMARY Components of the Wnt signaling cascade represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in cardiometabolic disease. Conversely, strategies targeting the Wnt signaling cascade for other therapeutic purposes will have cardiovascular consequences that must be delineated to establish clinically useful pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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20
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Hussain M, Xu C, Lu M, Wu X, Tang L, Wu X. Wnt/β-catenin signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3226-3242. [PMID: 28866134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic lung development requires reciprocal endodermal-mesodermal interactions; mediated by various signaling proteins. Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling protein that exhibits the pivotal role in lung development, injury and repair while aberrant expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling leads to asthmatic airway remodeling: characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle cells, alveolar and vascular damage goblet cells metaplasia, and deposition of extracellular matrix; resulting in decreased lung compliance and increased airway resistance. The substantial evidence suggests that Wnt/β-catenin signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Here, we summarized the recent advances related to the mechanistic role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung development, consequences of aberrant expression or deletion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in expansion and progression of asthmatic airway remodeling, and linking early-impaired pulmonary development and airway remodeling later in life. Finally, we emphasized all possible recent potential therapeutic significance and future prospectives, that are adaptable for therapeutic intervention to treat asthmatic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China.
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China.
| | - Lanfang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China.
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21
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Li XW, Gao HY, Liu J. The role of taurine in improving neural stem cells proliferation and differentiation. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 20:409-415. [PMID: 26906683 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1152004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the central nervous system and has important functions in the promotion of brain development. This study aimed to determine the mechanistic role of taurine in improving neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and neural differentiation. METHODS The data for this review were primarily retrieved from the PubMed database from 1985 to 2015 in English. The search string included the keywords taurine, brain development, neuronal, stem cell, proliferation, differentiation, and others. Relevant publications were identified, retrieved, and reviewed. RESULTS This review introduces the source, function, and mechanisms of taurine in brain development and provides additional detail regarding the mechanistic role of taurine in improving neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and neural differentiation. Many studies concerning these aspects are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Taurine plays an important role in brain development, including neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and differentiation, via several mechanisms. Taurine can be directly used in clinical applications to improve brain development because it has no toxic effects on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Wen Li
- a Department of Neonatology & NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital , the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA , Beijing 100700 , China
- b Graduate School of the Liaoning Medical College , Jinzhou City 121001 , Liaoning province , China
| | - Hong-Yan Gao
- c Department of Scientific Research , the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Jing Liu
- a Department of Neonatology & NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital , the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA , Beijing 100700 , China
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22
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Shi YN, Zhu N, Liu C, Wu HT, Gui Y, Liao DF, Qin L. Wnt5a and its signaling pathway in angiogenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Gröne EF, Federico G, Nelson PJ, Arnold B, Gröne HJ. The hormetic functions of Wnt pathways in tubular injury. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:899-906. [PMID: 28685176 PMCID: PMC5541077 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic tubulointerstitial damage with tubular epithelial atrophy and interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a predictor for progression of CKD.Several experiments have now provided evidence that the Wnt signaling pathways are significantly contributing to atrophy and fibrosis; in contrast, it also has been shown that the Wnt system fosters regenerative processes in acute tubular injury.We now have demonstrated that Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) is an agonist for canonical Wnt signaling in CKD and fosters chronic fibrosing inflammation of the tubulointerstitial compartment. Genetic- and antibody-mediated inhibition of DKK3 leads to a pronounced improvement of tubular differentiation and a reduction in fibrosis.In addition, the secreted glycoprotein DKK3 can be used as a non-invasive urinary marker for the extent of CKD in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth F Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Federico
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. h.-
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Oliva C, Hassan BA. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Phosphatases in Neuronal Wiring: Insights From Drosophila. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 123:399-432. [PMID: 28236973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is at the crossroads of many signaling pathways. Brain wiring is not an exception, and several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and tyrosine receptor phosphates (RPTPs) have been involved in this process. Considerable work has been done on RTKs, and for many of them, detailed molecular mechanisms and functions in several systems have been characterized. In contrast, RPTPs have been studied considerably less and little is known about their ligands and substrates. In both families, we find redundancy between different members to accomplish particular wiring patterns. Strikingly, some RTKs and RPTPs have lost their catalytic activity during evolution, but not their importance in biological processes. In this regard, we have to keep in mind that these proteins have multiple domains and some of their functions are independent of tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Since RTKs and RPTPs are enzymes involved not only in early stages of axon and dendrite pathfinding but also in synapse formation and physiology, they have a potential as drug targets. Drosophila has been a key model organism in the search of a better understanding of brain wiring, and its sophisticated toolbox is very suitable for studying the function of genes with pleiotropic functions such as RTKs and RPTPs, from wiring to synaptic formation and function. In these review, we mainly cover findings from this model organism and complement them with discoveries in vertebrate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Oliva
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Bassem A Hassan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle (ICM)-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France.
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25
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The non-canonical Wnt receptor Ryk regulates hematopoietic stem cell repopulation in part by controlling proliferation and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2479. [PMID: 27882948 PMCID: PMC5260899 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of blood and immune cells requires strict control by various signaling pathways in order to regulate self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis in stem and progenitor cells. Recent evidence indicates critical roles for the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in hematopoiesis. The non-canonical Wnt pathway is important for establishment of cell polarity and cell migration and regulates apoptosis in the thymus. We here investigate the role of the non-canonical Wnt receptor Ryk in hematopoiesis and lymphoid development. We show that there are dynamic changes in Ryk expression during development and in different hematopoietic tissues. Functionally, Ryk regulates NK cell development in a temporal fashion. Moreover, Ryk-deficient mice show diminished, but not absent self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), via effects on mildly increased proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, Ryk deficiency in HSCs from fetal liver reduces their quiescence, leading to proliferation-induced apoptosis and decreased self-renewal.
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González-Fernández C, Mancuso R, del Valle J, Navarro X, Rodríguez FJ. Wnt Signaling Alteration in the Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Transgenic Mice: Special Focus on Frizzled-5 Cellular Expression Pattern. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155867. [PMID: 27192435 PMCID: PMC4871528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive paralysis due to degeneration of motor neurons by unknown causes. Recent evidence shows that Wnt signaling is involved in neurodegenerative processes, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. However, to date, little is known regarding the expression of Wnt signaling components in this fatal condition. In the present study we used transgenic SOD1G93A mice to evaluate the expression of several Wnt signaling components, with special focus on Frizzled-5 cellular expression alteration along disease progression. FINDINGS Based on previous studies demonstrating the expression of Wnts and their transcriptional regulation during Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis development, we have analyzed the mRNA expression of several Wnt signaling components in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A transgenic mice at different stages of the disease by using real time quantitative PCR analysis. Strikingly, one of the molecules that seemed not to be altered at mRNA level, Frizzled-5, showed a clear up-regulation at late stages in neurons, as evidenced by immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, increased Frizzled-5 appears to correlate with a decrease in NeuN signal in these cells, suggesting a correlation between neuronal affectation and the increased expression of this receptor. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the involvement of Wnt signaling pathways in the pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and, more specifically, the implication of Frizzled-5 receptor in the response of neuronal cells against neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, further experimental studies are needed to shed light on the specific role of Frizzled-5 and the emerging but increasing Wnt family of proteins research field as a potential target for this neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume del Valle
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
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Li X, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu T, Guo J, Yi W, Li Y. Epithelia-derived wingless regulates dendrite directional growth of drosophila ddaE neuron through the Fz-Fmi-Dsh-Rac1 pathway. Mol Brain 2016; 9:46. [PMID: 27129721 PMCID: PMC4850637 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proper dendrite patterning is critical for the receiving and processing of information in the nervous system. Cell-autonomous molecules have been extensively studied in dendrite morphogenesis; however, the regulatory mechanisms of environmental factors in dendrite growth remain to be elucidated. Results By evaluating the angle between two primary dendrites (PD-Angle), we found that the directional growth of the primary dendrites of a Drosophila periphery sensory neuron ddaE is regulated by the morphogen molecule Wingless (Wg). During the early stage of dendrite growth, Wg is expressed in a group of epithelial cells posteriorly adjacent to ddaE. When Wg expression is reduced or shifted anteriorly, the PD-Angle is markedly decreased. Furthermore, Wg receptor Frizzled functions together with Flamingo and Dishevelled in transducing the Wg signal into ddaE neuron, and the downstream signal is mediated by non-canonical Wnt pathway through Rac1. Conclusions In conclusion, we reveal that epithelia-derived Wg plays a repulsive role in regulating the directional growth of dendrites through the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Thus, our findings provide strong in vivo evidence on how environmental signals serve as spatial cues for dendrite patterning. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0228-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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28
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Wnt/Ryk signaling contributes to neuropathic pain by regulating sensory neuron excitability and spinal synaptic plasticity in rats. Pain 2015; 156:2572-2584. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Yasunaga KI, Tezuka A, Ishikawa N, Dairyo Y, Togashi K, Koizumi H, Emoto K. Adult Drosophila sensory neurons specify dendritic territories independently of dendritic contacts through the Wnt5-Drl signaling pathway. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1763-75. [PMID: 26302791 PMCID: PMC4561484 DOI: 10.1101/gad.262592.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, Yasunaga et al. use Drosophila class IV dendrite arborization (C4da) sensory neurons as a system to investigate how neurons specify dendritic territories during neuronal development. They show that, unlike the larval dendrites, adult C4da dendrites define the dendritic boundary independently of dendritic contacts and that Wnt5 derived from sternites is required for specification of the ventral boundaries of C4da dendrites. These findings provide novel insights into how dendritic territories of neurons develop and the role of the Wnt5–Drl signaling pathway in the contact-independent dendritic boundary specification. Sensory neurons with common functions are often nonrandomly arranged and form dendritic territories in stereotypic spatial patterns throughout the nervous system, yet molecular mechanisms of how neurons specify dendritic territories remain largely unknown. In Drosophila larvae, dendrites of class IV sensory (C4da) neurons completely but nonredundantly cover the whole epidermis, and the boundaries of these tiled dendritic fields are specified through repulsive interactions between homotypic dendrites. Here we report that, unlike the larval C4da neurons, adult C4da neurons rely on both dendritic repulsive interactions and external positional cues to delimit the boundaries of their dendritic fields. We identify Wnt5 derived from sternites, the ventral-most part of the adult abdominal epidermis, as the critical determinant for the ventral boundaries. Further genetic data indicate that Wnt5 promotes dendrite termination on the periphery of sternites through the Ryk receptor family kinase Derailed (Drl) and the Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio in C4da neurons. Our findings thus uncover the dendritic contact-independent mechanism that is required for dendritic boundary specification and suggest that combinatory actions of the dendritic contact-dependent and -independent mechanisms may ensure appropriate dendritic territories of a given neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichiro Yasunaga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Akane Tezuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Natsuko Ishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Dairyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kazuya Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koizumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kazuo Emoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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30
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The Formin DAAM Functions as Molecular Effector of the Planar Cell Polarity Pathway during Axonal Development in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10154-67. [PMID: 26180192 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3708-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies established that the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is critical for various aspects of nervous system development and function, including axonal guidance. Although it seems clear that PCP signaling regulates actin dynamics, the mechanisms through which this occurs remain elusive. Here, we establish a functional link between the PCP system and one specific actin regulator, the formin DAAM, which has previously been shown to be required for embryonic axonal morphogenesis and filopodia formation in the growth cone. We show that dDAAM also plays a pivotal role during axonal growth and guidance in the adult Drosophila mushroom body, a brain center for learning and memory. By using a combination of genetic and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that Wnt5 and the PCP signaling proteins Frizzled, Strabismus, and Dishevelled act in concert with the small GTPase Rac1 to activate the actin assembly functions of dDAAM essential for correct targeting of mushroom body axons. Collectively, these data suggest that dDAAM is used as a major molecular effector of the PCP guidance pathway. By uncovering a signaling system from the Wnt5 guidance cue to an actin assembly factor, we propose that the Wnt5/PCP navigation system is linked by dDAAM to the regulation of the growth cone actin cytoskeleton, and thereby growth cone behavior, in a direct way.
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31
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The E3 ligase ube3a is required for learning in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Reynaud E, Lahaye LL, Boulanger A, Petrova IM, Marquilly C, Flandre A, Martianez T, Privat M, Noordermeer JN, Fradkin LG, Dura JM. Guidance of Drosophila Mushroom Body Axons Depends upon DRL-Wnt Receptor Cleavage in the Brain Dorsomedial Lineage Precursors. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1293-304. [PMID: 25981040 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo axon pathfinding mechanisms in the neuron-dense brain remain relatively poorly characterized. We study the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) axons, whose α and β branches connect to different brain areas. We show that the Ryk family WNT5 receptor, DRL (derailed), which is expressed in the dorsomedial lineages, brain structure precursors adjacent to the MBs, is required for MB α branch axon guidance. DRL acts to capture and present WNT5 to MB axons rather than transduce a WNT5 signal. DRL's ectodomain must be cleaved and shed to guide α axons. DRL-2, another Ryk, is expressed within MB axons and functions as a repulsive WNT5 signaling receptor. Finally, our biochemical data support the existence of a ternary complex composed of the cleaved DRL ectodomain, WNT5, and DRL-2. Thus, the interaction of MB-extrinsic and -intrinsic Ryks via their common ligand acts to guide MB α axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Reynaud
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Liza L Lahaye
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Boulanger
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Iveta M Petrova
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Marquilly
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Flandre
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Tania Martianez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Privat
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Jasprina N Noordermeer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lee G Fradkin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jean-Maurice Dura
- Institute of Human Genetics, UPR1142, CNRS, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France.
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Dumas P, Legeai F, Lemaitre C, Scaon E, Orsucci M, Labadie K, Gimenez S, Clamens AL, Henri H, Vavre F, Aury JM, Fournier P, Kergoat GJ, d'Alençon E. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) host-plant variants: two host strains or two distinct species? Genetica 2015; 143:305-16. [PMID: 25694156 PMCID: PMC4419160 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The moth Spodoptera frugiperda is a well-known pest of crops throughout the Americas, which consists of two strains adapted to different host-plants: the first feeds preferentially on corn, cotton and sorghum whereas the second is more associated with rice and several pasture grasses. Though morphologically indistinguishable, they exhibit differences in their mating behavior, pheromone compositions, and show development variability according to the host-plant. Though the latter suggest that both strains are different species, this issue is still highly controversial because hybrids naturally occur in the wild, not to mention the discrepancies among published results concerning mating success between the two strains. In order to clarify the status of the two host-plant strains of S. frugiperda, we analyze features that possibly reflect the level of post-zygotic isolation: (1) first generation (F1) hybrid lethality and sterility; (2) patterns of meiotic segregation of hybrids in reciprocal second generation (F2), as compared to the meiosis of the two parental strains. We found a significant reduction of mating success in F1 in one direction of the cross and a high level of microsatellite markers showing transmission ratio distortion in the F2 progeny. Our results support the existence of post-zygotic reproductive isolation between the two laboratory strains and are in accordance with the marked level of genetic differentiation that was recovered between individuals of the two strains collected from the field. Altogether these results provide additional evidence in favor of a sibling species status for the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Dumas
- UM - UMR 1333 DGIMI, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France,
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Abstract
During development, dendrites migrate to their correct locations in response to environmental cues. The mechanisms of dendritic guidance are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that the Drosophila olfactory map is initially formed by the spatial segregation of the projection neuron (PN) dendrites in the developing antennal lobe (AL). We report here that between 16 and 30 h after puparium formation, the PN dendrites undergo dramatic rotational reordering to achieve their final glomerular positions. During this period, a novel set of AL-extrinsic neurons express high levels of the Wnt5 protein and are tightly associated with the dorsolateral edge of the AL. Wnt5 forms a dorsolateral-high to ventromedial-low pattern in the antennal lobe neuropil. Loss of Wnt5 prevents the ventral targeting of the dendrites, whereas Wnt5 overexpression disrupts dendritic patterning. We find that Drl/Ryk, a known Wnt5 receptor, is expressed in a dorsolateral-to-ventromedial (DL > VM) gradient by the PN dendrites. Loss of Drl in the PNs results in the aberrant ventromedial targeting of the dendrites, a defect that is suppressed by reduction in Wnt5 gene dosage. Conversely, overexpression of Drl in the PNs results in the dorsolateral targeting of their dendrites, an effect that requires Drl's cytoplasmic domain. We propose that Wnt5 acts as a repulsive guidance cue for the PN dendrites, whereas Drl signaling in the dendrites inhibits Wnt5 signaling. In this way, the precise expression patterns of Wnt5 and Drl orient the PN dendrites allowing them to target their final glomerular positions.
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Bian WJ, Miao WY, He SJ, Wan ZF, Luo ZG, Yu X. A novel Wnt5a-Frizzled4 signaling pathway mediates activity-independent dendrite morphogenesis via the distal PDZ motif of Frizzled 4. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:805-22. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Bian
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200031 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Wan-Ying Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Shun-Ji He
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Zong-Fang Wan
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Zhen-Ge Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200031 China
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36
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Wnt signalling in neuronal differentiation and development. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:215-23. [PMID: 25234280 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that play multiple roles in early development, including the differentiation of precursor cells. During this period, gradients of Wnts and other morphogens are formed and regulate the differentiation and migration of neural progenitor cells. Afterwards, Wnt signalling cascades participate in the formation of neuronal circuits, playing roles in dendrite and axon development, dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis. Finally, in the adult brain, Wnts control hippocampal plasticity, regulating synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the reported roles of Wnt signalling cascades in these processes with a particular emphasis on the role of Wnts in neuronal differentiation and development.
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37
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Wnt5a signaling increases IL-12 secretion by human dendritic cells and enhances IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:188-99. [PMID: 25196330 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wnt5a is a secreted pleiotropic glycoprotein produced in an inflammatory state by a wide spectrum of ubiquitous cell populations. Recently, we demonstrated that Wnt5a skews the differentiation of human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) to a tolerogenic functional state. In this study we focus our interest on the role of this Wnt ligand after DC differentiation, during their maturation and function. We show that the expression of Wnt receptors is tightly regulated during the life cycle of DCs suggesting a differential responsiveness to Wnt signaling conditioned by their differentiation stage and the maturational stimuli. Furthermore, we confirm that Wnt5a is the main non-canonical Wnt protein expressed by DCs and its production increases upon specific stimuli. Exogenous Wnt5a improved the endocytic capacity of immature DCs but it is not a stimulatory signal on its own, slightly affecting the maturation and function of DCs. However, knocking down Wnt5a gene expression in maturing DCs demonstrates that DC-derived Wnt5a is necessary for normal IL-12 secretion and plays a positive role during the development of Th1 responses. Wnt5a acts both in autocrine and paracrine ways. Thus, human naive CD4(+) T cells express Wnt receptors and, the addition of Wnt5a during CD3/CD28 stimulation enhances IL-2 and IFN-γ production. Taken together these results suggest a time-dependent role for Wnt5a during inflammatory responses conditioned by the differentiation stage of cellular targets.
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Poh WC, Shen Y, Inoue T. Function of the Ryk intracellular domain in C. elegans vulval development. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1074-85. [PMID: 24975394 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ryk is a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases, which along with Frizzled and Ror, function as Wnt receptors. Vertebrate Ryk intracellular domain (ICD) is released from the cell membrane by a proteolytic cleavage in the transmembrane region and localizes to the nucleus. In C. elegans, Ryk is encoded by the lin-18 gene and regulates the polarity of the P7.p vulval cell. RESULTS Based on Western blots, we were unable to detect the presence of the cleaved LIN-18 ICD fragment. Functional assays found that LIN-18 intracellular domain is not absolutely required for LIN-18 function, consistent with previous results. However, overexpression of the LIN-18 intracellular domain fragment (LIN-18ICD) weakly enhanced the phenotype of lin-18 loss-of-function mutants. Furthermore, this activity was specific to the serine-rich juxtamembrane region. We also found that the nuclear localization of LIN-18ICD fragment can be regulated by Wnt pathway components including CAM-1/Ror, and by PAR-5/14-3-3. CONCLUSIONS Release of LIN-18ICD by cleavage at the membrane is not the main mechanism of LIN-18 signaling in vulval cells. However, our results suggest that LIN-18 intracellular domain interacts with Wnt pathway components and a 14-3-3 protein and likely plays a minor role in LIN-18 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Cheng Poh
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Clark CEJ, Liu Y, Cooper HM. The Yin and Yang of Wnt/Ryk axon guidance in development and regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:366-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Green J, Nusse R, van Amerongen R. The role of Ryk and Ror receptor tyrosine kinases in Wnt signal transduction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:cshperspect.a009175. [PMID: 24370848 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases of the Ryk and Ror families were initially classified as orphan receptors because their ligands were unknown. They are now known to contain functional extracellular Wnt-binding domains and are implicated in Wnt-signal transduction in multiple species. Although their signaling mechanisms still remain to be resolved in detail, both Ryk and Ror control important developmental processes in different tissues. However, whereas many other Wnt-signaling responses affect cell proliferation and differentiation, Ryk and Ror are mostly associated with controlling processes that rely on the polarized migration of cells. Here we discuss what is currently known about the involvement of this exciting class of receptors in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Green
- Department of Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Tury A, Tolentino K, Zou Y. Altered expression of atypical PKC and Ryk in the spinal cord of a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:839-50. [PMID: 24123880 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive paralysis due to the selective death of motor neurons of unknown causes. Increasing evidence indicates that Wnt signaling is altered in ALS. In this study, we focused on two non-canonical Wnt signaling components, atypical PKC (aPKC) and a Wnt receptor, Ryk, in a mouse model of ALS, SOD1 (G93A). aPKC mediates Wnt signaling to regulate growth cone guidance, axon differentiation and cell survival. Ryk is a Wnt repulsive receptor that regulates axon guidance and inhibits regeneration after spinal cord injury. aPKC expression was increased in motor neurons of the lumbar spinal cord in SOD1 (G93A) mice at both early and late stages. Interestingly, aPKC was co-localized with SOD1 in motor neuron cell bodies and extracellular aggregates, and aPKC-containing extracellular aggregates increased with disease progression. Biochemical fractionation showed that aPKC protein level was increased in the detergent-insoluble protein fraction in SOD1 (G93A) mice at late stage but decreased in the detergent-soluble fraction at symptomatic stage. These results suggest that aPKC may be sequestered in SOD1 aggregates, impairing its ability to protect motor neurons from death. Ryk expression was also increased in the motor neurons and the white matter in the ventral lumbar spinal cord of mutant SOD1 mice with a peak at early stage. These observations indicate that Wnt/aPKC and Wnt/Ryk signaling are altered in SOD1 (G93A) mice, suggesting that changed Wnt signaling may contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tury
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093
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42
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Oliva CA, Vargas JY, Inestrosa NC. Wnts in adult brain: from synaptic plasticity to cognitive deficiencies. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:224. [PMID: 24348327 PMCID: PMC3847898 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During development of the central nervous system the Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in a wide spectrum of physiological processes, including neuronal connectivity and synapse formation. Wnt proteins and components of the Wnt pathway are expressed in the brain since early development to the adult life, however, little is known about its role in mature synapses. Here, we review evidences indicating that Wnt proteins participate in the remodeling of pre- and post-synaptic regions, thus modulating synaptic function. We include the most recent data in the literature showing that Wnts are constantly released in the brain to maintain the basal neural activity. Also, we review the evidences that involve components of the Wnt pathway in the development of neurological and mental disorders, including a special emphasis on in vivo studies that relate behavioral abnormalities to deficiencies in Wnt signaling. Finally, we include the evidences that support a neuroprotective role of Wnt proteins in Alzheimer’s disease. We postulate that deregulation in Wnt signaling might have a fundamental role in the origin of neurological diseases, by altering the synaptic function at stages where the phenotype is not yet established but when the cognitive decline starts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Oliva
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Departamento de Biologïa Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Y Vargas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Departamento de Biologïa Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Departamento de Biologïa Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Anne SL, Govek EE, Ayrault O, Kim JH, Zhu X, Murphy DA, Van Aelst L, Roussel MF, Hatten ME. WNT3 inhibits cerebellar granule neuron progenitor proliferation and medulloblastoma formation via MAPK activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81769. [PMID: 24303070 PMCID: PMC3841149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During normal cerebellar development, the remarkable expansion of granule cell progenitors (GCPs) generates a population of granule neurons that outnumbers the total neuronal population of the cerebral cortex, and provides a model for identifying signaling pathways that may be defective in medulloblastoma. While many studies focus on identifying pathways that promote growth of GCPs, a critical unanswered question concerns the identification of signaling pathways that block mitogenic stimulation and induce early steps in differentiation. Here we identify WNT3 as a novel suppressor of GCP proliferation during cerebellar development and an inhibitor of medulloblastoma growth in mice. WNT3, produced in early postnatal cerebellum, inhibits GCP proliferation by down-regulating pro-proliferative target genes of the mitogen Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and the bHLH transcription factor Atoh1. WNT3 suppresses GCP growth through a non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, activating prototypic mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the Ras-dependent extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and ERK5, instead of the classical β-catenin pathway. Inhibition of MAPK activity using a MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of WNT3 on GCP proliferation. Importantly, WNT3 inhibits proliferation of medulloblastoma tumor growth in mouse models by a similar mechanism. Thus, the present study suggests a novel role for WNT3 as a regulator of neurogenesis and repressor of neural tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine L. Anne
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jee Hae Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David A. Murphy
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda Van Aelst
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Martine F. Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bernis ME, Oksdath M, Dupraz S, Nieto Guil A, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL, Rosso SB, Quiroga S. Wingless-type family member 3A triggers neuronal polarization via cross-activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:194. [PMID: 24298236 PMCID: PMC3829478 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial axonal elongation is essential for neuronal polarization and requires polarized activation of IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1r) and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3k) pathway. Wingless-type family growth factors (Wnts) have also been implied in the regulation of axonal development. It is not known, however, if Wnts have any participation in the regulation of initial axonal outgrowth and the establishment of neuronal polarity. We used cultured hippocampal neurons and growth cone particles (GCPs) isolated from fetal rat brain to show that stimulation with the wingless family factor 3A (Wnt3a) was sufficient to promote neuronal polarization in the absence of IGF-1 or high insulin. We also show that Wnt3a triggered a strong activation of IGF-1r, PI3k, and Akt in developmental Stage 2 neurons and that the presence of activatable IGF-1r and PI3k activation were necessary for Wnt3a polarizing effects. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments show that Wnt3a did not bind specifically to the IGF-1r. Using crosslinking and immuno-precipitation experiments, we show that stimulation with Wnt3a triggered the formation of a complex including IGF-1r-Wnt3a-Frizzled-7. We conclude that Wnt3a triggers polarization of neurons via cross-activation of the IGF-1r/PI3k pathway upon binding to Fz7.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Bernis
- Departamento de Química Biológica-CIQUIBIC, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET , Córdoba, Argentina
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Knöfler M, Pollheimer J. Human placental trophoblast invasion and differentiation: a particular focus on Wnt signaling. Front Genet 2013; 4:190. [PMID: 24133501 PMCID: PMC3783976 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless ligands, a family of secreted proteins, are critically involved in organ development and tissue homeostasis by ensuring balanced rates of stem cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation. Wnt signaling components also play crucial roles in murine placental development controlling trophoblast lineage determination, chorioallantoic fusion and placental branching morphogenesis. However, the role of the pathway in human placentation, trophoblast development and differentiation is only partly understood. Here, we summarize our present knowledge about Wnt signaling in the human placenta and discuss its potential role in physiological and aberrant trophoblast invasion, gestational diseases and choriocarcinoma formation. Differentiation of proliferative first trimester cytotrophoblasts into invasive extravillous trophoblasts is associated with nuclear recruitment of β -catenin and induction of Wnt-dependent T-cell factor 4 suggesting that canonical Wnt signaling could be important for the formation and function of extravillous trophoblasts. Indeed, activation of the pathway was shown to promote trophoblast invasion in different in vitro trophoblast model systems as well as trophoblast cell fusion. Methylation-mediated silencing of inhibitors of Wnt signaling provided evidence for epigenetic activation of the pathway in placental tissues and choriocarcinoma cells. Similarly, abundant nuclear expression of β -catenin in invasive trophoblasts of complete hydatidiform moles suggested a role for hyper-activated Wnt signaling. In contrast, upregulation of Wnt inhibitors was noticed in placentae of women with preeclampsia, a disease characterized by shallow trophoblast invasion and incomplete spiral artery remodeling. Moreover, changes in Wnt signaling have been observed upon cytomegalovirus infection and in recurrent abortions. In summary, the current literature suggests a critical role of Wnt signaling in physiological and abnormal trophoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna Austria
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Wnt signaling through the Ror receptor in the nervous system. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:303-15. [PMID: 23990374 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror) proteins are conserved tyrosine kinase receptors that play roles in a variety of cellular processes that pattern tissues and organs during vertebrate and invertebrate development. Ror signaling is required for skeleton and neuronal development and modulates cell migration, cell polarity, and convergent extension. Ror has also been implicated in two human skeletal disorders, brachydactyly type B and Robinow syndrome. Rors are widely expressed during metazoan development including domains in the nervous system. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the roles of the Ror receptors in neuronal migration, axonal pruning, axon guidance, and synaptic plasticity. The processes by which Ror signaling execute these diverse roles are still largely unknown, but they likely converge on cytoskeletal remodeling. In multiple species, Rors have been shown to act as Wnt receptors signaling via novel non-canonical Wnt pathways mediated in some tissues by the adapter protein disheveled and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src. Rors can either activate or repress Wnt target expression depending on the cellular context and can also modulate signal transduction by sequestering Wnt ligands away from their signaling receptors. Future challenges include the identification of signaling components of the Ror pathways and bettering our understanding of the roles of these pleiotropic receptors in patterning the nervous system.
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Homodimerization of the Wnt receptor DERAILED recruits the Src family kinase SRC64B. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4116-27. [PMID: 23979591 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00169-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryk pseudokinase receptors act as important transducers of Wnt signals, particularly in the nervous system. Little is known, however, of their interactions at the cell surface. Here, we show that a Drosophila Ryk family member, DERAILED (DRL), forms cell surface homodimers and can also heterodimerize with the two other fly Ryks, DERAILED-2 and DOUGHNUT ON 2. DERAILED homodimerization levels increase significantly in the presence of its ligand, WNT5. In addition, DERAILED displays ligand-independent dimerization mediated by a motif in its transmembrane domain. Increased dimerization of DRL upon WNT5 binding or upon the replacement of DERAILED's extracellular domain with the immunoglobulin Fc domain results in an increased recruitment of the Src family kinase SRC64B, a previously identified downstream pathway effector. Formation of the SRC64B/DERAILED complex requires SRC64B's SH2 domain and DERAILED's PDZ-binding motif. Mutations in DERAILED's inactive tyrosine kinase-homologous domain also disrupt the formation of DERAILED/SRC64B complexes, indicating that its conformation is likely important in facilitating its interaction with SRC64B. Finally, we show that DERAILED's function during embryonic axon guidance requires its Wnt-binding domain, a putative juxtamembrane extracellular tetrabasic cleavage site, and the PDZ-binding domain, indicating that DERAILED's activation involves a complex set of events including both dimerization and proteolytic processing.
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González P, Fernández-Martos CM, Arenas E, Rodríguez FJ. The Ryk receptor is expressed in glial and fibronectin-expressing cells after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:806-17. [PMID: 23320533 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins play a critical role in central nervous system development and have been implicated in several neuropathologies, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Ryk, an unconventional Wnt receptor, regulates axonal regeneration after SCI, although its expression pattern in this neuropathology remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to define the spatiotemporal and cellular pattern of Ryk expression after a contusive SCI in adult rats using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. Under physiological conditions, Ryk is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels, but not in oligodendrocytes, microglia, NG2+ glial precursor cells, or axonal projections. Following SCI, we observed an increase in Ryk mRNA expression from 24 h post-injury until 7 days post-injury, whereas its protein levels were significantly augmented at 7 and 14 days post-injury. Moreover, the spatial and cellular Ryk expression pattern was altered in the damaged tissue, where this receptor was observed in reactive astrocytes and microglia/macrophages, NG2+ glial precursors, fibronectin+ cells, oligodendrocytes, and axons. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Ryk is expressed in the unlesioned spinal cord and that, after SCI, its spatiotemporal and cellular expression pattern changed dramatically, being expressed in cells involved in the spinal cord response to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau González
- Molecular Neurology Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos-HNP, Toledo, Spain
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Blakely BD, Bye CR, Fernando CV, Prasad AA, Pasterkamp RJ, Macheda ML, Stacker SA, Parish CL. Ryk, a receptor regulating Wnt5a-mediated neurogenesis and axon morphogenesis of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2132-44. [PMID: 23517308 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ryk is an atypical transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that has been shown to play multiple roles in development through the modulation of Wnt signaling. Within the developing ventral midbrain (VM), Wnts have been shown to contribute to the proliferation, differentiation, and connectivity of dopamine (DA) neurons; however, the Wnt-related receptors regulating these events remain less well described. In light of the established roles of Wnt5a in dopaminergic development (regulating DA differentiation as well as axonal growth and repulsion), and its interaction with Ryk elsewhere within the central nervous system, we investigated the potential role of Ryk in VM development. Here we show temporal and spatial expression of Ryk within the VM, suggestive of a role in DA neurogenesis and axonal plasticity. In VM primary cultures, we show that the effects of Wnt5a on VM progenitor proliferation, DA differentiation, and DA axonal connectivity can be inhibited using an Ryk-blocking antibody. In support, Ryk knockout mice showed reduced VM progenitors and DA precursor populations, resulting in a significant decrease in DA cells. However, Ryk(-/-) mice displayed no defects in DA axonal growth, guidance, or fasciculation of the MFB, suggesting other receptors may be involved and/or compensate for the loss of this receptor. These findings identify for the first time Ryk as an important receptor for midbrain DA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brette D Blakely
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Wnt5a cooperates with canonical Wnts to generate midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo and in stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E602-10. [PMID: 23324743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208524110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are a family of secreted proteins that regulate multiple steps of neural development and stem cell differentiation. Two of them, Wnt1 and Wnt5a, activate distinct branches of Wnt signaling and individually regulate different aspects of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neuron development. However, several of their functions and interactions remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that loss of Wnt1 results in loss of Lmx1a and Ngn2 expression, as well as agenesis of DA neurons in the midbrain floor plate. Remarkably, a few ectopic DA neurons still emerge in the basal plate of Wnt1(-/-) mice, where Lmx1a is ectopically expressed. These results indicate that Wnt1 orchestrates DA specification and neurogenesis in vivo. Analysis of Wnt1(-/-);Wnt5a(-/-) mice revealed a greater loss of Nurr1(+) cells and DA neurons than in single mutants, indicating that Wnt1 and Wnt5a interact genetically and cooperate to promote midbrain DA neuron development in vivo. Our results unravel a functional interaction between Wnt1 and Wnt5a resulting in enhanced DA neurogenesis. Taking advantage of these findings, we have developed an application of Wnts to improve the generation of midbrain DA neurons from neural and embryonic stem cells. We thus show that coordinated Wnt actions promote DA neuron development in vivo and in stem cells and suggest that coordinated Wnt administration can be used to improve DA differentiation of stem cells and the development of stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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