1
|
Kazak M, Sarialioglu Gungor A, Ozman Z, Donmez N. Comparative cell viability of dentin-bonding adhesive systems on human dental pulp stem cells: time-dependent analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:663. [PMID: 38849812 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restorative materials are in prolonged contact with living tissues such as oral mucosa, dentin, pulp, periodontal, and periapical tissues. Therefore, the potentially harmful effects of these materials and their components on oral tissues should be evaluated before clinical use. This study aimed to compare the cell viability of different adhesive systems (ASs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS Three ASs that combining methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) monomer with new hydrophilic amide monomers [Clearfil Universal Bond Quick(CUBQ), Kuraray Noritake], self-reinforcing 3D monomer [Bond Force II(BFII), Tokuyama)], and dual-cure property [Futurabond DC(FBDC), VOCO] were used. Three (n = 3) samples were prepared for each group. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from ten patients' extracted third molar teeth. Samples were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) for 24 h (h), 72 h, and 7 days (d) to obtain extracts. For the control group, cells were cultured without DBA samples. Cell viability of ASs extracts was measured using a cell proliferation detection kit (WST-1, Roche). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc (Duncan) tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS At 24 and 72 h statistically significant differences were determined between control and BFII, control and FBDC groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between control and CUBQ groups (p > 0.05). On the 7th d, statistically significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between experimental groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was detected for the BFII group over the three-time interval (p < 0.05). The lowest cell viability was observed for the FBDC group at 24 h, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with 72 h and 7th d (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION All ASs showed different cell viability values at various exposure times. It should be taken into consideration that pH values, as well as the contents of ASs, have a significant effect on the cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magrur Kazak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bahcesehir University School of Dental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, BAU International University, Batumi, Georgia.
| | - Ayca Sarialioglu Gungor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul Galata University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ozman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nazmiye Donmez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goenka S, Lee HM. Effect of Commercial Children's Mouthrinses and Toothpastes on the Viability of Neonatal Human Melanocytes: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:287. [PMID: 38132425 PMCID: PMC10742640 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of six commercial children's mouthrinses (designated as #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, and #6) and four commercial children's toothpastes (designated as #1, #2, #3, and #4) on primary human neonatal melanocytes that were used as a representative model for oral melanocytes. Mouthrinses diluted directly with culture medium (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000) were added to monolayers of melanocytes for 2 min, followed by 24 h recovery, after which MTS cytotoxicity assay was conducted. The extracts of each toothpaste were prepared (50% w/v), diluted in culture medium (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, and 1:1000), and added to cell monolayers for 2 min (standard brushing time), followed by an analysis of cell viability after 24 h. Results showed that all mouthrinses except mouthrinse #4 showed significantly greater loss of cell viability, ascribed to cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) that induced significant cytotoxicity to melanocytes (IC50 = 54.33 µM). In the case of toothpastes, the examination of cellular morphology showed that a 2 min exposure to all toothpaste extracts induced a concentration-dependent decline in cell viability, pronounced in toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) detergent. Further results suggested SLS to be the critical driver of cytotoxicity (IC50 = 317.73 µM). It is noteworthy that toothpaste #1 exhibited much lower levels of cytotoxicity compared to the other three toothpastes containing SLS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the melanocytotoxicity of children's mouthrinse (#4) and toothpaste (#1) is comparatively low. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of children's toothpastes and mouthrinses on neonatal primary human melanocytes. Future studies to investigate these findings in a realistic scenario replicating oral cavity conditions of the presence of microbiota, pellicle layer and saliva, and other cell types are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Goenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piglionico SS, Pons C, Romieu O, Cuisinier F, Levallois B, Panayotov IV. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models for dental pulp regeneration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:15. [PMID: 37004591 PMCID: PMC10067643 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concept of tissue engineering (Cells-Scaffold-Bioactive molecules), regenerative endodontics appeared as a new notion for dental endodontic treatment. Its approaches aim to preserve dental pulp vitality (pulp capping) or to regenerate a vascularized pulp-like tissue inside necrotic root canals by cell homing. To improve the methods of tissue engineering for pulp regeneration, numerous studies using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models have been performed. This review explores the evolution of laboratory models used in such studies and classifies them according to different criteria. It starts from the initial two-dimensional in vitro models that allowed characterization of stem cell behavior, through 3D culture matrices combined with dental tissue and finally arrives at the more challenging ex vivo and in vivo models. The travel which follows the elaboration of such models reveals the difficulty in establishing reproducible laboratory models for dental pulp regeneration. The development of well-established protocols and new laboratory ex vivo and in vivo models in the field of pulp regeneration would lead to consistent results, reduction of animal experimentation, and facilitation of the translation to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Silvia Piglionico
- LBN, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Investigating the Cytotoxicity of Dual-Cure Bulk-Fill Resin Materials on L929 Cells. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate cytotoxic effects of dual-cure bulk-fill resin materials polymerized with a third-generation LED light-curing unit (LCU) on L929 fibroblast cells in terms of morphology and viability. Three novel dual-cure, flowable bulk-fill materials (Fill-Up!™), a bioactive material (ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE™), and a dual-cure bulk-fill composite material (HyperFIL® HAp) polymerized by LED LCU (VALO™ Cordless) were tested. Each material was placed in plastic rings (4 mm × 5 mm) in a single layer. Unpolymerized rings filled with each material were placed in direct contact with cells and then polymerized. After polymerization, the removed medium was readded to wells. In this study, four control groups were performed: the medium-free control group, medium control group, physical control group, and light applied control group. Three samples were prepared from each group. After 24 h, the morphology of cells was examined and a WST-1 test was performed. The percentage of cell viability (PCV) of each group was calculated. The experiment was repeated three times. Data were analyzed by a Kruskal–Wallis Test and a Mann–Whitney U test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. The PCV of all groups were found to be significantly lower than the medium control group (p < 0.05). The lowest PCV was obtained in HyperFIL® Hap, while highest was in the Fill-Up!™. In the morphology of cells related to the experimental groups, it was observed that the spindle structures of cells were disrupted due to cytotoxicity; cells became rounded and intercellular space increased. There were no significant differences between the control groups (p > 0.05). All control groups showed acceptable PCV (>70%) and cells were spindle-like, similar to the original fibroblast cells. It can be suggested that clinicians should pay attention when applying dual-cure bulk-fill materials in deep cavities, or they should use a liner material under these materials.
Collapse
|
5
|
Restorative Materials Exposed to Acid Challenge: Influence of Temperature on In Vitro Weight Loss. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7010030. [PMID: 35323187 PMCID: PMC8945017 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of acidic beverages and foods could provoke erosive damage, both for teeth and for restorative materials. Temperatures of consumption could influence the erosive effects of these products. The aim of this in vitro study is to assess the influence of an acidic challenge on the weight loss of different restorative materials. Resin composites and glass-ionomer cements (GIC) were tested. The medium of storage was Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Company, Milano, Italy) at two different temperatures, 4 and 37 °C, respectively for Group A and Group B. For each group, nine specimens were prepared for each material tested. After 7 days, weight was assessed for each sample, and the percentage weight loss was calculated. For all the resin composites (Groups 1−13), no significant weight losses were noticed. (<1%). Conversely, GICs (Groups 14 and 15) showed significant weight loss during the acidic challenge, which was reduced in the case of these materials that included a protective layer applied above. Significant differences were registered with intra-group analysis; weight loss for specimens immersed in Coca Cola at 37 °C was significantly higher for almost all materials tested when compared to specimens exposed to a cooler medium. In conclusion, all the resin composites showed reliable behaviour when exposed to acidic erosion, whereas glass-ionomer cements generally tended to solubilize.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hosseinpour S, Gaudin A, Peters OA. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study biocompatibility of endodontic materials. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:346-369. [PMID: 35124840 PMCID: PMC9315036 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Materials used for endodontics and with direct contact to tissues have a wide range of indications, from vital pulpal treatments to root filling materials and those used in endodontic surgery. In principle, interaction with dental materials may result in damage to tissues locally or systemically. Thus, a great variety of test methods are applied to evaluate a materials' potential risk of adverse biological effects to ensure their biocompatibility before commercialization. However, the results of biocompatibility evaluations are dependent on not only the tested materials but also the test methods due to the diversity of these effects and numerous variables involved. In addition, diverse biological effects require equally diverse assessments on a structured and planned approach. Such a structured assessment of the materials consists of four phases: general toxicity, local tissue irritation, pre‐clinical tests and clinical evaluations. Various types of screening assays are available; it is imperative to understand their advantages and limitations to recognize their appropriateness and for an accurate interpretation of their results. Recent scientific advances are rapidly introducing new materials to endodontics including nanomaterials, gene therapy and tissue engineering biomaterials. These new modalities open a new era to restore and regenerate dental tissues; however, all these new technologies can also present new hazards to patients. Before any clinical usage, new materials must be proven to be safe and not hazardous to health. Certain international standards exist for safety evaluation of dental materials (ISO 10993 series, ISO 7405 and ISO 14155‐1), but researchers often fail to follow these standards due to lack of access to standards, limitation of the guidelines and complexity of new experimental methods, which may cause technical errors. Moreover, many laboratories have developed their testing strategy for biocompatibility, which makes any comparison between findings more difficult. The purpose of this review was to discuss the concept of biocompatibility, structured test programmes and international standards for testing the biocompatibility of endodontic material biocompatibility. The text will further detail current test methods for evaluating the biocompatibility of endodontic materials, and their advantages and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hosseinpour
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| | - A Gaudin
- Inserm UMR 1229 RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Université de Nantes ONIRIS Nantes France
- Université de Nantes UFR Odontologie Nantes France
| | - O A Peters
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluation of Injectable Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels for Endodontic Tissue Regeneration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237325. [PMID: 34885481 PMCID: PMC8658597 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp tissue engineering (TE) endeavors to regenerate dentin/pulp complex by combining a suitable supporting matrix, stem cells, and biochemical stimuli. Such procedures foresee a matrix that can be easily introduced into the root canal system (RCS) and tightly adhere to dentin walls to assure the dentin surface’s proper colonization with progenitor cells capable of restoring the dentin/pulp complex. Herein was investigated an injectable self-setting hyaluronic acid-based (HA) hydrogel system, formed by aldehyde-modified (a-HA) with hydrazide-modified (ADH), enriched with platelet lysate (PL), for endodontic regeneration. The hydrogels’ working (wT) and setting (sT) times, the adhesion to the dentine walls, the hydrogel’s microstructure, and the delivery of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) were studied in vitro. Hydrogels incorporating PL showed a suitable wT and sT and a porous microstructure. The tensile tests showed that the breaking point occurs after 4.3106 ± 1.8677 mm deformation, while in the indentation test after 1.4056 ± 0.3065 mm deformation. Both breaking points occur in the hydrogel extension. The HA/PL hydrogels exhibited supportive properties and promoted cell migration toward dentin surfaces in vitro. Overall, these results support using PL-laden HA injectable hydrogels (HA/PL) as a biomaterial for DPCs encapsulation, thereby displaying great clinical potential towards endodontic regenerative therapies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gundogan GI, Durmus S, Ozturk GC, Kucukyesil N, Acar YT, Balaban R, Kig C. A comparative study of the effects of gutta-percha solvents on human osteoblasts and murine fibroblasts. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:569-579. [PMID: 34278656 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the in vitro physiologic effects of xylene, chloroform, orange oil and eucalyptus oil solvents for dissolving gutta-percha on L929 and HOB cell lines; 2.5 and 10 μL mL-1 of these solvents were tested for 24, 48 and 72 h. Gutta-percha solvents inhibited the proliferation rate of fibroblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner; however, no inhibition was detected in HOB (evaluated using MTT assay). None of the solvents induced apoptosis/necrosis in HOB cells at ≤2.5 μL mL-1 concentration in contrast to L929 (determined using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining). Each solvent tested reduced the migration rate of both L929 and HOB cell lines in a dose-dependent manner (evaluated using a scratch assay). Gutta-percha solvents can damage fibroblast-rich tissues. Osteoblasts seemed to be more resistant to the tested solvents, and excessive extrusion of solvents from the root canal may also damage the periradicular tissues and reduce the ability to repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gul Ipek Gundogan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sare Durmus
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulgun Cansu Ozturk
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Kucukyesil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Talat Acar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Balaban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Kig
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beltrami R, Colombo M, Rizzo K, Di Cristofaro A, Poggio C, Pietrocola G. Cytotoxicity of Different Composite Resins on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Lines. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6020026. [PMID: 33924063 PMCID: PMC8167789 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effects of eight composite resins on immortalized human gingival fibroblasts. Composite resins were eluted in cell culture medium for 48 or 72 h at 37 °C. Immortalized human gingival fibroblast-1 (HGF-1) cell lines were seeded in 96-well (1 × 104) plates and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C with the obtained extraction medium. The percentage of viable cells in each well (MTT test) was calculated relative to control cells, which were set to 100%. Data observed were not normally distributed, and nonparametric statistical methods were used for statistical analysis. The Wilcoxon test was used for intragroup comparison, and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for intergroup multiple comparisons. Significance value was set as p < 0.05. All materials tested showed cytotoxic effects on gingival fibroblasts, recordable as noncytotoxic, mildly cytotoxic or severely cytotoxic, depending on the percentage of cell viability. The Wilcoxon test for intragroup comparison showed that the percentage of viable cells decreased significantly for extracts, for all composite resins tested. The composite resins contained monomers that displayed cytotoxic properties. BisGMA, TEGDMA and UDMA had inhibitory effects and induced apoptotic proteins in pulp fibroblast. Composite resins that contained lower percentages of unbound free monomers—and that released less ions—possessed superior biocompatibility in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Beltrami
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences—Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences—Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Keren Rizzo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences—Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Alessio Di Cristofaro
- Unit of Biochemestry, Departement of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences—Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Unit of Biochemestry, Departement of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.C.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mocquot C, Colon P, Fernando D, Jackson P, Pradelle-Plasse N, Grosgogeat B, Attik N. The influence of experimental bioactive glasses on pulp cells behavior in vitro. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1322-1331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Kavuncu G, Yilmaz AM, Karademir Yilmaz B, Yilmaz Atali P, Altunok EC, Kuru L, Agrali OB. Cytotoxicity of Different Nano Composite Resins on Human Gingival and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cell Lines: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8030048. [PMID: 32121617 PMCID: PMC7148444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxicity of three different nano composite resins (CRs) on human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cell lines. These CRs selected were nanohybrid organic monomer-based Admira Fusion (AF), nanohybrid Bis-(acryloyloxymethyl) tricyclo [5.2.1.0.sup.2,6] decane-based Charisma Topaz (CT), and supra nano filled resin-based Estelite Quick Sigma (EQS). MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of CRs at 24 h and one week. AF and EQS applied on hGF cells at 24 h and one week demonstrated similar cytotoxic outcomes. Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells at one week was higher than 24 h (p = 0.04). Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells was higher at 24 h (p = 0.002) and one week (p = 0.009) compared to control. All composites showed higher cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells at one week than the 24 h (AF; p = 0.02, CT; p = 0.02, EQS; p = 0.04). AF and EQS demonstrated lower cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells than the control group at 24 h (AF; p = 0.01, EQS; p = 0.001). CT was found more cytotoxic on hPDLF cells than the control (p = 0.01) and EQS group (p = 0.008) at one week. The cytotoxicity of CRs on hGF and hPDLF cells vary, according to the type of composites, cell types, and exposure time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Kavuncu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (G.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Ayse Mine Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (A.M.Y.); (B.K.Y.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (A.M.Y.); (B.K.Y.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Pinar Yilmaz Atali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey;
| | - Elif Cigdem Altunok
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey;
| | - Leyla Kuru
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (G.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Omer Birkan Agrali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; (G.K.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-421-16-21
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
UĞUR AYDIN ZELİHA, AKPINAR KEREMENGİN, HEPOKUR CEYLAN, ALTUNBAŞ DEMET. Human Osteoblast Hücre Hattı Üzerinde Qmix, Etilen Diamintetraasetik Asit ve Klorhheksidin’in Sitotoksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.438506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
13
|
Cortés O, Alcaina A, Bernabé A. Biocompatibility Evaluation of Four Dentin Adhesives Used as Indirect Pulp Capping Materials. Acta Stomatol Croat 2017; 51:113-121. [PMID: 28827848 PMCID: PMC5548215 DOI: 10.15644/asc51/2/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many cases, the indirect pulp treatment (IPT) is an acceptable treatment for deciduous teeth with reversible pulp inflammation. Various medicaments have been used for IPT, ranging from calcium hydroxide and glass ionomers to dentin adhesives. OBJECTIVE This in vitro trial aimed to measure cytotoxicity in a cell culture, comparing the following four adhesives: Xeno® V (XE), Excite® F DSC (EX), Adhese® OneF (AD) and Prime & Bond NT (PB). MATERIALS AND METHODS The adhesives were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. After 24 hours of exposure, the cell viability was evaluated using a photometrical test (MTT test). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Adhesives, the main component of which was 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), were found to be less cytotoxic, while those that included the monomer urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA were the most cytotoxic) in their composition. The effects on cell viability assay varied between the adhesives assayed with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The results may support the argument that Adhese® OneF is the least cytotoxic of the adhesives assayed, and may be considered as an adhesive agent for indirect pulp treatment. However, Prime and Bond NT showed a reduced biocompatibility under the same conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Cortés
- Clínica Odontológica, Universidad de Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Spain
| | - Antonia Alcaina
- Clínica Odontológica, Universidad de Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Spain
| | - Antonia Bernabé
- Clínica Odontológica, Universidad de Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu JJ, Zhu LX, Zhang J, Liu S, Lv FY, Cheng X, Liu GJ, Peng B. From the Cover: Activation of NF-κB-Autophagy Axis by 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Commits Dental Mesenchymal Cells to Apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2017; 157:100-111. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
15
|
Attik N, Hallay F, Bois L, Brioude A, Grosgogeat B, Colon P. Mesoporous silica fillers and resin composition effect on dental composites cytocompatibility. Dent Mater 2017; 33:166-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
16
|
Lim SM, Yap A, Loo C, Ng J, Goh CY, Hong C, Toh WS. Comparison of cytotoxicity test models for evaluating resin-based composites. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:339-348. [PMID: 27198678 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116650007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared different cytotoxicity test models for evaluating resin-based composites (RBCs) and assessed the biocompatibility of standard and bulk-fill RBCs. METHODS A standard (spectrum TPH) and a bulk-fill (smart dentin replacement (SDR)) RBC were selected. Disc-shaped specimens (7 mm diameter) of 2 and 4 mm thickness were polymerized for 20 s with a LED curing light of 700 mW/cm2 irradiance. The specimens ( n = 5) were subjected to micro-hardness testing and three cytotoxicity test models (direct contact, indirect contact and extract tests) with the established L-929 cell line. Hardness ratios of top and bottom surfaces of specimens were computed to assess the effectiveness of cure. For the direct and indirect contact tests, the cells were stained and zones of inhibition were analyzed after material contact for 24 h. For the extract test, cells were exposed to extracts for 24 h, and cell viability was measured. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance/Scheffe's post hoc test and Pearson's correlation ( p < 0.05). RESULTS The lowest mean hardness ratio and highest cytotoxicity were observed for TPH at 4 mm. At 4-mm thickness, SDR was found to be biocompatible with all three models. Correlations between hardness ratio and cell viability ranged from r = 0.89-0.96 for the various tests. A significant correlation ( r = 0.97) was also observed between the three test models. CONCLUSION Our data indicated consistency between direct contact, indirect contact and extract test models for cytotoxicity testing of RBCs. Bulk placement and curing at 4 mm for the bulk-fill RBC evaluated did not result in undue cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Lim
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Auj Yap
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,2 Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Jurong Health Services, Singapore
| | - Csl Loo
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Ng
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Y Goh
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chl Hong
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - W S Toh
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,3 Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
This study evaluated the biocompatibility of contemporary bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) including PRG (pre-reacted glass ionomer) materials based on the International Organization for Standardization 10993. In addition, the effect of composite thickness on cytotoxicity was also assessed. Two standard composites, two bulk-fill PRG RBCs, and three bulk-fill non-PRG RBCs were investigated. Block-shaped specimens of 2-mm and 4-mm thickness were cured with an irradiance of 700 mW/cm(2) for 20 seconds with a light-emitting diode curing light and eluted with culture medium at 37°C for 24 hours. L929 mouse fibroblasts were exposed to extracts at varying dilutions (1:1, 1:2, and 1:10) for 24 hours. Analyses were performed to assess cytotoxicity, phase contrast microscopy, and quantitative cell viability. Among the bulk-fill RBCs, extracts of PRG materials resulted in the lowest cell viability. At 4-mm thickness, undiluted extracts of bulk-fill non-PRG RBCs had significantly higher cell viability than the standard composites. Chemical composition, specimen thickness, and testing concentrations of extracts had significant effects on cell viability and morphology. Cytotoxic effects of composites on cell viability were parallel with cell morphologic changes. Not all bulk-fill RBCs demonstrated high cell viability (>70%) at 4-mm thickness despite manufacturers' recommendations of bulk placement and curing.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu L, Zhang J, Xiao L, Liu S, Yu J, Chen W, Zhang X, Peng B. Autophagy in resin monomer-initiated toxicity of dental mesenchymal cells: a novel therapeutic target of N-acetyl cysteine. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6820-6836. [PMID: 32262475 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A proposed schematic model of autophagy involvement in resin monomer-initiated toxicity of dental mesenchymal cells and as a novel therapeutic target of NAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Lan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
França R, Mbeh DA, Samani TD, Le Tien C, Mateescu MA, Yahia L, Sacher E. The effect of ethylene oxide sterilization on the surface chemistry and in vitro cytotoxicity of several kinds of chitosan. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 101:1444-55. [PMID: 24591223 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of three chitosan samples, differing only in their degrees of deacetylation and of carboxyethyl chitosan were chemically characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared, both before and after sterilization with ethylene oxide. Unexpected elemental ratios suggest that surface chemical modification occurred during the processing of the original chitin, with further surface modification on subsequent sterilization, despite previous reports to the contrary. Cell viability was evaluated by direct contact methyl thiazole tetrazolium and lactate dehydrogenase assays between the chitosan particles and A549 human epithelial cells, which demonstrated that the modifications incurred on sterilization are reflected in biocompatibility changes. All the samples were found to be biocompatible and nontoxic before sterilization and remained so subsequently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0W2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cytotoxicity of post and core composites as a function of environmental conditions. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Trimmel K, Cvikl B, Müller HD, Nürnberger S, Gruber R, Moritz A, Agis H. L-mimosine increases the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in human tooth slice organ culture model. Int Endod J 2014; 48:252-60. [PMID: 24786562 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory capacity of the dentine-pulp complex in response to the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor L-mimosine in a tooth slice organ culture model. METHODOLOGY Human teeth were sectioned transversely into 600-μm-thick slices and cultured in medium supplemented with serum and antibiotics. Then, pulps were stimulated for 48 h with L-mimosine. Pulps were subjected to viability measurements based on formazan formation in MTT assays. In addition, histological evaluation of pulps was performed based on haematoxylin and eosin staining. Culture supernatants were subjected to immunoassays for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to determine the pro-angiogenic capacity and to immunoassays for interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 to assess the pro-inflammatory response. Interleukin-1 served as pro-inflammatory control. Echinomycin was used to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) alpha activity. Data were analysed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Pulps within tooth slices remained vital upon L-mimosine stimulation as indicated by formazan formation and histological evaluation. L-mimosine increased VEGF production when normalized to formazan formation in the pulp tissue of the tooth slices (P < 0.05). This effect on VEGF was reduced by echinomycin (P < 0.01). Changes in normalized IL-6 and IL-8 levels upon treatment with L-mimosine did not reach the level of significance (P > 0.05), whilst treatment with IL-1, which served as positive control, increased IL-6 (P < 0.05) and IL-8 levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor L-mimosine increased VEGF production via HIF-1 alpha in the tooth slice organ culture model whilst inducing no prominent increase in IL-6 and IL-8. Pre-clinical studies will reveal if these in vitro effects translate into dental pulp regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Trimmel
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yalcin M, Ahmetoglu F, Sisman R, Bozkurt BS, Hakki SS. Cytotoxicity of low-shrink composites with new monomer technology on bovine dental pulp-derived cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:93-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113497773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four low-shrink composites with new monomer technology on the bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs). Materials and methods: Ten samples were prepared for each group composites, and the samples were immersed in 7 mL of culture medium for 72 h at 37°C to extract residual monomer or cytotoxic substances. The culture medium containing the material extracts was sterile filtered for use on the cell cultures. Materials were incubated in medium with serum for 72 h. bDPCs were maintained in a medium with serum. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate cell survival. After seeding 200 mL of the cell suspensions into the wells (10,000 cells/well) of the E-plate 96, bDPCs were treated with bioactive components released by the composite materials (1:1 and 1:2 dilutions) and monitored every 15 min for 50 h. Results: According to analysis of variance, there were significant differences between the cell indexes of the control and GC kalore ( p < 0.05) and Bisco Reflexions ( p < 0.001) groups for the 1:1 dilutions at 25 h. When evaluated at 50 h, 1:1 dilutions of GC Kalore ( p < 0.01) and Bisco Reflexions ( p < 0.001) reduced cell survival significantly. Conclusions: Although composites resins are being advanced, their cytotoxic effects have been proceeding till this time. However, two of the four materials tested significantly reduced cell viability when compared with control. Clinical relevance: Research should focus on the cytotoxicity of composites in addition to their mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yalcin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - F Ahmetoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - R Sisman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - BS Bozkurt
- Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - SS Hakki
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kilic D, Kesim S, Liman N, Sumer Z, Ozturk A. In VitroComparison of the Effects of Dental Filling Materials on Mouse Fibroblasts. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
24
|
Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H. Establishment of in vitro culture system for evaluating dentin–pulp complex regeneration with special reference to the differentiation capacity of BrdU label-retaining dental pulp cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:323-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Residual HEMA and TEGDMA release and cytotoxicity evaluation of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and compomers cured with different light sources. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:218295. [PMID: 24592149 PMCID: PMC3926398 DOI: 10.1155/2014/218295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was first to evaluate the elution of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomers from resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and compomers cured with halogen and light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs). The effect of cured materials on the viability of L929 fibroblast cells was also evaluated. One RMGIC (Ketac N100) and two compomers (Dyract Extra and Twinkystar) were tested. Materials were prepared in teflon disks and light-cured with LED or halogen LCUs. The residual monomers of resin materials in solution were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The fibroblast cells' viability was analyzed using MTT assay. The type of LCU did not have a significant effect on the elution of HEMA and TEGDMA. A greater amount of HEMA than TEGMDA was eluted. The amount of TEGDMA eluted from Twinkystar was greater than Dyract Extra (P < 0.05) when cured with a halogen LCU. All material-LCU combinations decreased the fibroblast cells' viability more than the control group (P < 0.01), except for Dyract Extra cured with a halogen LCU (P > 0.05). Curing with the LED LCU decreased the cells' viability more than curing with the halogen LCU for compomers. For Ketac N100, the halogen LCU decreased the cells' viability more than the LED LCU.
Collapse
|
26
|
Puga AM, Lima AC, Mano JF, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Pectin-coated chitosan microgels crosslinked on superhydrophobic surfaces for 5-fluorouracil encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:331-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
França R, Mbeh DA, Samani TD, Le Tien C, Mateescu MA, Yahia L, Sacher E. The effect of ethylene oxide sterilization on the surface chemistry and in vitro cytotoxicity of several kinds of chitosan. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 23744606 DOI: 10.1002/jbmb.32964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of three chitosan samples, differing only in their degrees of deacetylation and of carboxyethyl chitosan were chemically characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared, both before and after sterilization with ethylene oxide. Unexpected elemental ratios suggest that surface chemical modification occurred during the processing of the original chitin, with further surface modification on subsequent sterilization, despite previous reports to the contrary. Cell viability was evaluated by direct contact methyl thiazole tetrazolium and lactate dehydrogenase assays between the chitosan particles and A549 human epithelial cells, which demonstrated that the modifications incurred on sterilization are reflected in biocompatibility changes. All the samples were found to be biocompatible and nontoxic before sterilization and remained so subsequently. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0W2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Al-Daghreer S, Doschak M, Sloan AJ, Major PW, Heo G, Scurtescu C, Tsui YY, El-Bialy T. Short-term effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on an ex-vivo 3-d tooth culture. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1066-1074. [PMID: 23499341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the short-term effect of LIPUS on human dentin-pulp complex in vitro. We collected sixty-three premolars from patients who needed the extraction. The premolars were sectioned transversely into 600-μm-thick slices, and then divided into five groups according to LIPUS application time (control, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min). LIPUS transducer produced an incident intensity of 30 mW/cm(2). After 24 h, tissue was harvested for histomorphometrical analysis and RT-PCR (Genes of interest: Collagen I, DMP1, DSPP, TGF β1, RANKL and OPG). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference among the five groups in the odontoblast count and predentin thickness. RT-PCR demonstrated no expression of TGF β1, low amounts of DSPP, a twofold increase in collagen I expression in the 5- and 10-minute LIPUS groups and a threefold increase in DMP1 expression in the 10-minute LIPUS group. LIPUS application was stimulatory to the dentin-pulp complex in vitro and increased the expression of collagen I and DMP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Daghreer
- University of Alberta, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Orthodontic Graduate Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Al-Daghreer S, Doschak M, Sloan AJ, Major PW, Heo G, Scurtescu C, Tsui YY, El-Bialy T. Long term effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on a human tooth slice organ culture. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:760-8. [PMID: 22138259 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the effect of therapeutic Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) on human dentine-pulp complex in an in vitro model. DESIGN 92 premolars were extracted from 23 adolescent orthodontic patients. The premolars were sectioned transversely into 600 μm thick slices. The slices were divided into two main groups according to how often the LIPUS was applied (single or daily application), and then subdivided into five subgroups each (5, 10, 15 and 20 min and one control group). The tooth slices were cultured at (37 °C/5% CO(2)) in a humidified incubator where medium was changed every 48 h. LIPUS was applied using a 3.9 cm(2) transducer that produces an incident intensity of 30 mW/cm(2). After five days, tissue was harvested for histomorphometrical analysis and real time PCR to investigate expression of genes of interest (Collagen I, DMP1, DSPP, TGF-β1, RANKL and OPG). RESULTS Histomorphometric analyses revealed that odontoblast cell count was higher in the single application groups (5, 10 and 15 min, respectively) than in the control and other treatment groups. Predentin thickness was higher in the single application group (10, 5 and 15 min) respectively than in the daily application group and the control groups, however they were not significantly different from each other. Real time PCR demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the groups in the expression of Collagen I, DMP1, TGF-β1, DSPP, RANKL and OPG. CONCLUSION Reproducible responses from cultured dentine-pulp complex were observed in groups with single application of LIPUS for 5, 10 and 15 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Daghreer
- University of Alberta, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Room 4051, Dentistry/Pharmacy Centre, Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2N8.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
El-Bialy T, Lam B, Aldaghreer S, Sloan AJ. The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound in a 3D ex vivo orthodontic model. J Dent 2011; 39:693-9. [PMID: 21856368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on dentoalveolar structures during orthodontic force application using a novel organ culture system. METHODS Mandibles were dissected from 28-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats, sliced into 1.5mm and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO(2), prior to application of a 50g force to each mandible slice. Slices were randomly divided into three groups of control, 5 and 10min LIPUS application and cultured for five days before histological and histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS Cementum and predentine thickness and subodontoblast and periodontal ligament cell counts were increased in the ultrasound groups, with increases statistically significant in the 10min treated groups. Odontoblasts remained viable during LIPUS exposure and osteoclast activity was increased by LIPUS. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS may influence remodelling of the dentine-pulp complex and associated tissues during orthodontic force application ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T El-Bialy
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang X, Xia Y, Liu L, Liu M, Gu N, Guang H, Zhang F. Comparison of MTT assay, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR in the evaluation of cytotoxicity of five prosthodontic materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 95:357-64. [PMID: 20878925 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of five prosthodontic materials on the L929 cell line were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoli-umbromide) assay. The cells were treated with eluates resin (RE), pressable ceramics (PC), Co-Cr alloy-porcelain (CC), Ni-Cr alloy-porcelain (NC), and diatomite ceramics (DC). The cytotoxicity of all the materials tested by the MTT assay was grade 1. By FCM analysis, apoptosis rates of DC and PC were low, with no significant difference from the control (p > 0.05). The rest of the groups induced much higher apoptosis rates (p < 0.05), with the highest in the RE group. The necrotic cell levels of RE was also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression were determined by RT-PCR, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the DC and PC groups were not significantly different from the control (p > 0.05), whereas CC, NC, and RE groups showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that FCM and RT-PCR analyses can supplement the traditional MTT assay in evaluating the cytotoxicity of prosthodontic materials for selecting highly biocompatible materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
In vitro biocompatibility of chitosan porous skin regenerating templates (PSRTs) using primary human skin keratinocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:721-7. [PMID: 20079826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer chitosan (beta-1,4-d-glucosamine) comprises the copolymer mixture of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine. The natural biocompatibility and biodegradability of chitosan have recently highlighted its potential use for applications in wound management. Chemical and physical modifications of chitosan influence its biocompatibility and biodegradability, but it is unknown as to what degree. Hence, the biocompatibility of the chitosan porous skin regenerating templates (PSRT 82, 87 and 108) was determined using an in vitro toxicology model at the cellular and molecular level on primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (pNHEK). Cytocompatibility was accessed by using a 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay from 24 to 72h. To assess the genotoxicity of the PSRTs, DNA damage to the pNHEK was evaluated by using the Comet assay following direct contact with the various PSRTs. Furthermore, the skin pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-8 were examined to evaluate the tendency of the PSRTs to provoke inflammatory responses. All PSRTs were found to be cytocompatible, but only PSRT 108 was capable of stimulating cell proliferation. While all of the PSRTs showed some DNA damage, PSRT 108 showed the least DNA damage followed by PSRT 87 and 82. PSRT 87 and 82 induced a higher secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8 in the pNHEK cultures than did PSRT 108. Hence, based on our experiments, PSRT 108 is the most biocompatible wound dressing of the three tested.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Oral and mucosal adverse reactions to resin-based dental materials have been reported. Numerous studies have examined the biocompatibility of restorative dental materials and their components, and a wide range of test systems for the evaluation of the biological effects of these materials have been developed. This article reviews the biological aspects of resin-based dental materials and discusses the conventional as well as the new techniques used for biocompatibility assessment of dental materials.
Collapse
|
34
|
Franz A, König F, Skolka A, Sperr W, Bauer P, Lucas T, Watts DC, Schedle A. Cytotoxicity of resin composites as a function of interface area. Dent Mater 2007; 23:1438-46. [PMID: 17688932 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The standardization protocols for biomaterial cytotoxicity testing require fine tuning for oral biomaterials to obtain international comparability as the basis for risk assessment. The principal aims were specifically to evaluate the effect of (i) relative interface area (ratio of specimen surface to cell layer surface) and (ii) volume of cell culture medium on cytotoxicity as a potential modification of ISO 10993-5. METHODS ISO 10993-5 was followed with an interface area of 12.5%, as recommended, using primary human gingival fibroblasts and L-929 mouse fibroblasts. In another series of experiments (using L-929 cells) the interface area was varied between 12.5% and 0.71%. For each relative interface area, three conditions for affecting the cure of the resin composite were investigated by using three mould materials: white, transparent and black moulds. In addition, the volume of cell culture medium was varied. Composite specimens (Herculite XRV) were added to the cultures immediately after production or preincubation for 1, 2, 7 days or 6 weeks under cell culture conditions. Specimens were incubated with fibroblasts for 72 h and cell numbers determined by flow cytometry. Glass specimens resembling composite specimens in diameter and height were used as negative controls. RESULTS Cytotoxicity results with primary gingival fibroblasts were comparable to results with the cell line L-929. An effect from the color/material of the specimen moulds was found. Different ratios of specimen sizes to cell culture parameters (cell layer surface, volume of cell culture medium) produced different results. Three out of four differently designed specimens showed the same behavior in cell culture. SIGNIFICANCE Cytotoxicity tests should be further standardized in line with existing standards with regard to specimen production protocols to ensure results are internationally comparable to validate these tests as tools for risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Franz
- Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 25a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Murray PE, Garcia-Godoy F. Comparison of the clinical and preclinical biocompatibility testing of dental materials: are the ISO usage tests meaningful? J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 81:51-8. [PMID: 17109428 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
International Organization for Standardization (ISO 10993 and 7405) guidelines recommends the preclinical screening of dental materials using non-human primates. The literature contains no comparisons of responses to dental materials. To test the accuracy of preclinical screening tests for predicting human clinical responses, 106 class V pulp exposed cavities were prepared in human and non-human primate teeth. Teeth were restored with calcium hydroxide and amalgam, zinc oxide eugenol or resin-modified glass ionomer. Teeth were extracted after 10-163 days and prepared for histological analysis. Pulp cell numbers were compared and their reactionary dentin activity measured in response to cavity preparation. Pulp inflammatory activity was categorized according to ISO standards. There were no statistically significant differences between human and non-human primate teeth in terms of pulp reactions to dental materials. The use of non-human primates for preclinical biocompatibility investigation provided an accurate method of evaluating clinical responses to dental materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Murray
- Department of Endodontics and Bioscience Research Center, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Andreou A, Dabarakis N, Kagiava A, Kosmidis EK, Geronikaki A, Theophilidis G. Assessing the effects of three dental impression materials on the isolated sciatic nerve of rat and frog. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:103-8. [PMID: 17011742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects on nerve tissue of three dental impression pastes were compared in this study. Two of the impression pastes, Examix and Express 3M, contained vinyl polysiloxane while the other, Xanthopren, did not. An in vitro model based on the isolated sciatic nerve of the frog and rat was used. As an indication of the proper functioning of the fibres in the nerve, the amplitude of evoked compound action potential (CAP) was monitored continuously. The results clearly showed that the number of active nerve fibres in the isolated sciatic nerves of either rat or frog exposed directly to impression pastes containing vinyl polysiloxane, decreased much faster than those of the nerves in contact to impression material without vinyl polysiloxane. When the nerve of the frog was exposed to Xanthopren there was a decrease in the CAP to 50% of the control values within 56.87+/-2.42 h (n=6). This value was called inhibition time to 50%, IT(50) and for Examix it was found to be 9.97+/-1.53 h. When the nerve of the rat was exposed to Xanthopren, the IT(50) was 15.34+/-2.97 h (n=6) for the Xanthopren and only 2.86+/-1.20 h for Examix and 2.76+/-0.48 h for Express 3M (n=6). There was no significant difference between the action of the last two compounds (P=0.85). This fast nerve fibre inactivation could be caused either by the chemical used for the synthesis of the two impression pastes, Examix and Express 3M, or by the unusual constriction of the nerve when it is embedded in the materials with vinyl polysiloxane. There is strong evidence to support the first case, since the incubation of the nerve in the presence of Examix, Express 3M and Xantopren in a way so the nerve was not in contact with the impression pastes, shows a much faster decrease of the CAP in the presence of the first two pastes. The decrease is caused by the death of nerve fibres, since there is no recovery in the CAP after the removal of Examix from the incubating saline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Andreou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Hellas, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|