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The Role of DNA Damage Response in Dysbiosis-Induced Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081934. [PMID: 34440703 PMCID: PMC8391204 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in developed countries indicates a predominant role of the environment as a causative factor. Natural gut microbiota provides multiple benefits to humans. Dysbiosis is characterized by an unbalanced microbiota and causes intestinal damage and inflammation. The latter is a common denominator in many cancers including CRC. Indeed, in an inflammation scenario, cellular growth is promoted and immune cells release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), which cause DNA damage. Apart from that, many metabolites from the diet are converted into DNA damaging agents by microbiota and some bacteria deliver DNA damaging toxins in dysbiosis conditions as well. The interactions between diet, microbiota, inflammation, and CRC are not the result of a straightforward relationship, but rather a network of multifactorial interactions that deserve deep consideration, as their consequences are not yet fully elucidated. In this paper, we will review the influence of dysbiosis in the induction of DNA damage and CRC.
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He Y, Ding H, Xia X, Qi W, Wang H, Liu W, Zheng F. GFP-fused yeast cells as whole-cell biosensors for genotoxicity evaluation of nitrosamines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5607-5616. [PMID: 34228183 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosamine compounds, represented by N-nitrosodimethylamine, are regarded as potentially genotoxic impurities (PGIs) due to their hazard warning structure, which has attracted great attention of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities. At present, great research gaps exist in genotoxicity assessment and carcinogenicity comparison of nitrosamine compounds. In this work, a collection of GFP-fused yeast cells representing DNA damage repair pathways were used to evaluate the genotoxicity of eight nitrosamine compounds (10-6-105 μg/mL). The high-resolution expression profiles of GFP-fused protein revealed the details of the DNA damage repair of nitrosamines. Studies have shown that nitrosamine compounds can cause extensive DNA damage and activate multiple repair pathways. The evaluation criteria based on the total expression level of protein show a good correlation with the mammalian carcinogenicity data TD50, and the yeast cell collection can be used as a potential reliable criterion for evaluating the carcinogenicity of compounds. The assay based on DNA damage pathway integration has high sensitivity and can be used as a supplementary method for the evaluation of trace PGIs in actual production. KEY POINTS: • The genotoxicity mechanism of nitrosamines was systematically studied. • The influence of compound structure on the efficacy of genotoxicity was explored. • GFP-fused yeast cells have the potential to evaluate impurities in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haotian Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xingya Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyi Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huaisong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Verdu S, Perez AJ, Carrascosa C, Barat JM, Talens P, Grau R. Caenorhabditis elegans to Model the Capacity of Ascorbic Acid to Reduce Acute Nitrite Toxicity under Different Feed Conditions: Multivariate Analytics on Behavioral Imaging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2068. [PMID: 33672539 PMCID: PMC7923789 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrocompounds are present in the environment and human diet and form part of vegetables and processed meat products as additives. These compounds are related to negative impacts on human and animal health. The protective effect of ascorbic acid has been demonstrated by some biological systems as regards several nitrocompounds. This work focused on studying the possibility of modeling this effect on nitrite toxicity with the model Caenorhabditis elegans. The three factors studied in this work were ascorbic acid concentration, nitrite exposure concentration, and presence/absence of food. The protective effect was evaluated by scoring lethality and its impact on behavior by means of multivariate statistical methods and imaging analytics. The effects of nitrite and the influence of food availability were evidenced. Apart from increasing lethality, nitrite had disruption effects on movements. All the observed symptoms reduced when ascorbic acid was administered, and it diminished lethality in all cases. Ascorbic acid maintained nematodes' postural capacities. The results suggest that nitrites' nonspecific toxicity in C. elegans can be mitigated by ascorbic acid, as previously evidenced in other biological systems. Thus, our results reveal the ability of C. elegans to reproduce the known protective effect of ascorbic acid against nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Verdu
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Alberto J. Perez
- Departamento de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - José M. Barat
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Pau Talens
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Raúl Grau
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
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Lan J, Rahman SM, Gou N, Jiang T, Plewa MJ, Alshawabkeh A, Gu AZ. Genotoxicity Assessment of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts by DNA Damage and Repair Pathway Profiling Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6565-6575. [PMID: 29660283 PMCID: PMC6941474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity is considered a major concern for drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Of over 700 DBPs identified to date, only a small number has been assessed with limited information for DBP genotoxicity mechanism(s). In this study, we evaluated genotoxicity of 20 regulated and unregulated DBPs applying a quantitative toxicogenomics approach. We used GFP-fused yeast strains that examine protein expression profiling of 38 proteins indicative of all known DNA damage and repair pathways. The toxicogenomics assay detected genotoxicity potential of these DBPs that is consistent with conventional genotoxicity assays end points. Furthermore, the high-resolution, real-time pathway activation and protein expression profiling, in combination with clustering analysis, revealed molecular level details in the genotoxicity mechanisms among different DBPs and enabled classification of DBPs based on their distinct DNA damage effects and repair mechanisms. Oxidative DNA damage and base alkylation were confirmed to be the main molecular mechanisms of DBP genotoxicity. Initial exploration of QSAR modeling using moleular genotoxicity end points (PELI) suggested that genotoxicity of DBPs in this study was correlated with topological and quantum chemical descriptors. This study presents a toxicogenomics-based assay for fast and efficient mechanistic genotoxicity screening and assessment of a large number of DBPs. The results help to fill in the knowledge gap in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DBP genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Micheal J. Plewa
- Safe Global Water Institute and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - April Z. Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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Dueñas-García IE, Heres-Pulido ME, Arellano-Llamas MR, De la Cruz-Núñez J, Cisneros-Carrillo V, Palacios-López CS, Acosta-Anaya L, Santos-Cruz LF, Castañeda-Partida L, Durán-Díaz A. Lycopene, resveratrol, vitamin C and FeSO 4 increase damage produced by pro-oxidant carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in Drosophila melanogaster: Xenobiotic metabolism implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:233-245. [PMID: 28202360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) is a pro-oxidant carcinogen bioactivated by xenobiotic metabolism (XM). We investigated if antioxidants lycopene [0.45, 0.9, 1.8 μM], resveratrol [11, 43, 172 μM], and vitamin C [5.6 mM] added or not with FeSO4 [0.06 mM], modulate the genotoxicity of 4-NQO [2 mM] with the Drosophila wing spot test standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with inducible and high levels of cytochromes P450, respectively. The genotoxicity of 4-NQO was higher when dissolved in an ethanol - acetone mixture. The antioxidants did not protect against 4-NQO in any of both crosses. In the ST cross, resveratrol [11 μM], vitamin C and FeSO4 resulted in genotoxicity; the three antioxidants and FeSO4 increased the damage of 4-NQO. In the HB cross, none of the antioxidants, neither FeSO4, were genotoxic. Only resveratrol [172 μM] + 4-NQO increased the genotoxic activity in both crosses. We concluded that the effects of the antioxidants, FeSO4 and the modulation of 4-NQO were the result of the difference of Cyp450s levels, between the ST and HB crosses. We propose that the basal levels of the XM's enzymes in the ST cross interacted with a putative pro-oxidant activity of the compounds added to the pro-oxidant effects of 4-NQO.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Dueñas-García
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M E Heres-Pulido
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - M R Arellano-Llamas
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J De la Cruz-Núñez
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - V Cisneros-Carrillo
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C S Palacios-López
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Acosta-Anaya
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L F Santos-Cruz
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Castañeda-Partida
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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Adeleke GE, Adaramoye OA. Modulatory role of betulinic acid in N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:734-743. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116661399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a toxicant found in foods and drinking water. Several synthetic agents used in alleviation of NDMA toxicity have been associated with serious side effects. Therefore, a safe and less toxic agent is desirable. In this study, betulinic acid (BA), a triterpenoid antioxidant, is proposed as a better and alternative agent to modulate NDMA-induced toxicity. Twenty-four Wistar rats were assigned into four groups of six rats each and treated with normal saline (control), BA (25 mg/kg), NDMA (5 mg/kg) and (BA + NDMA). BA was given by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days, while NDMA was administered intraperitoneally on days 7 and 12. Results showed that administration of NDMA significantly ( p < 0.05) elevated the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase by 51%, 48% and 81%, respectively. Also, NDMA intoxication significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the levels of serum urea and creatinine by 64% and 82%, respectively, and decreased urinary creatinine by 67%. In addition, administration of NDMA significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the levels of hepatic and renal DNA fragmentation by 44% and 61%, respectively, relative to control. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mnPCEs) in NDMA-treated rats (11.1 ± 2.6 mnPCE/1000PCE) was significantly higher than control (4.3 ± 1.1 mnPCE/1000 PCE). Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expressions of Bcl-2 and nuclear p53 in NDMA-intoxicated rats. Interestingly, pretreatment with BA significantly ( p < 0.05) ameliorated NDMA-induced changes in serum biochemical indices, mnPCEs, DNA fragmentation and expressions of Bcl-2 and p53 proteins. These findings suggest that BA protects against NDMA-induced toxicity via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- GE Adeleke
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - OA Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Huang Z, Li J, Zhang J, Gao Y, Hui G. Physicochemical properties enhancement of Chinese kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch) via chitosan coating enriched with salicylic acid treatment. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jiang H, Lai Y, Hu K, Wei Q, Liu Y. Human CYP2E1-dependent and human sulfotransferase 1A1-modulated induction of micronuclei by benzene and its hydroxylated metabolites in Chinese hamster V79-derived cells. Mutat Res 2014; 770:37-44. [PMID: 25771868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and a confirmed human carcinogen, which requires metabolic activation, primarily by CYP2E1, for most of its biological actions. Chromosome damages in benzene-exposed workers and rodents have been observed, and in their urine sulfo- and glucuronide-conjugates of phenol and hydroquinone were present. Yet, direct evidence for human CYP2E1-activated mutagenicity of benzene and the exact significance of phase II metabolism for inactivating benzene metabolites are still missing. In the present study, benzene and its oxidized metabolites (phenol, hydroquinone, catechol, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and 1,4-benzoquinone) were investigated for induction of micronuclei in a V79-derived cell line genetically engineered for expression of both human CYP2E1 and human sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 (indicated by active micronuclei induction by 1-hydroxymethylpyrene). The results demonstrated concentration-dependent induction of micronuclei by benzene and phenol, though with lower potency or efficacy than the other metabolites. Inhibition of CYP2E1 by 1-aminobenzotriazole did not change the effect of benzoquinone, but completely abolished that of benzene and phenol, and attenuated that of the other compounds. Moreover, inhibition of SULT1A1 by pentachlorophenol potentiated the effects of benzene, hydroquinone, catechol and trihydroxybenzene. Ascorbic acid, a reducing and free radical-scavenging agent, significantly lowered the effects of hydroquinone, catechol, trihydroxybenzene as well as N-nitrosodimethylamine (a known CYP2E1-dependent promutagen), with that of benzoquinone unaffected. These results suggest that in addition to activating benzene and phenol, human CYP2E1 may further convert hydroquinone, catechol and trihydroxybenzene to more genotoxic metabolites, and sulfo-conjugation of the multi-hydroxylated metabolites of benzene by human SULT1A1 may represent an important detoxifying pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanmei Lai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinzhi Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Song Q, Zhao L, Li J, Ren J. Fruit Consumption Reduces the Risk of Esophageal Cancer in Yanting, People's Republic of China. Asia Pac J Public Health 2014; 27:469-75. [PMID: 25239733 DOI: 10.1177/1010539514551199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the contribution of fruit and family history to esophageal cancer, among residents with abnormal esophagus discovered in screening. The study was a frequency-matched case-control design in groups of normal esophagus, abnormal esophagus but not carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Odds ratio (OR) was estimated by unconditional logistic regression. Fruit intake (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06-0.56) and positive family history of esophageal cancer (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.41-10.63) were associated with esophageal cancer compared to individuals with abnormal conditions of the esophagus. In individuals who consumed fruits at least once per week, the OR for family cancer history is reduced to a nonsignificant level (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.07-15.91). In the individuals with abnormal esophagus at screening, fruit intake was possibly protective against esophageal cancer, even in the ones with positive family history. Local public health strategies should focus on the improvement in fruit intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutic Vaccine, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Yanting Cancer Hospital and Institute, Mianyang, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutic Vaccine, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Song QK, Zhao L, Li J, He YM, Jiang CP, Jiang HD, Qu CX. Adverse effects of preserved vegetables on squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus and precancer lesions in a high risk area. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:659-63. [PMID: 23621214 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. Preserved vegetables are processed foods, consumed in high amounts in the high risk areas for ESCC. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of preserved vegetable consumption with SCC and precancer lesions. METHODS Cases from Yanting cancer hospital with pathological diagnosis of primary cancer, along with controls and individuals diagnosed with precancer lesions by endoscopy with iodine staining were interviewed. Trained staff collected data on dietary habits 1 year before the interview. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the risk odds ratios for preserved vegetable consumption with precancer lesions and cancer. RESULTS Adjusting for potential confounders, intake of preserved vegetables (OR=2.92, 95%CI 1.32~6.47) and longer intake period (OR=5.78, 95%CI 2.26~14.80) were associated with higher risk of cancer. Compared with lowest intake frequency, the highest was associated with a 3.0-fold risk for precancer lesions and 3.59-fold risk for ESCC (both p<0.05). CONCLUSION Consumption of preserved vegetables is a risk factor for esophageal lesions in high risk areas. The carcinogenicity of preserved vegetables needs investigation in further studies and public health strategies for reduction of consumption might be initiated in high risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kun Song
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Haza AI, Morales P. Spanish honeys protect against food mutagen-induced DNA damage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2995-3000. [PMID: 23504582 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey contains a variety of polyphenols and represents a good source of antioxidants, while the human diet often contains compounds that can cause DNA damage. The present study investigated the protective effect of three commercial honey samples of different floral origin (rosemary, heather and heterofloral) from Madrid Autonomic Community (Spain) as well as an artificial honey on DNA damage induced by dietary mutagens, using a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) as in vitro model system and evaluation by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay. RESULTS Rosemary, heather and heterofloral honeys protected against DNA strand breaks induced by N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), but none of the honey samples tested prevented DNA strand breaks induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Heterofloral and heather (unifloral) honeys with higher phenolic content were most effective in protecting HepG2 cells against DNA damage induced by food mutagens. Heterofloral honey was more protective against NPYR and BaP, while heather honey was more protective against PhIP. Artificial honey did not show a protective effect against DNA damage induced by any of the food mutagens tested, indicating that the protective effects of honeys could not be due to their sugar components. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the protective effect of three kinds of Spanish honey of different floral origin could be attributed in part to the phenolics present in the samples. Honeys with higher phenolic content, i.e. heather and heterofloral honeys, were most effective in protecting against food mutagen-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. In addition, a possible synergistic effect between other minor honey components could also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Haza
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Azqueta A, Costa S, Lorenzo Y, Bastani NE, Collins AR. Vitamin C in cultured human (HeLa) cells: lack of effect on DNA protection and repair. Nutrients 2013; 5:1200-17. [PMID: 23571651 PMCID: PMC3705343 DOI: 10.3390/nu5041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dietary antioxidants, including vitamin C, may be in part responsible for the cancer-preventive effects of fruits and vegetables. Human intervention trials with clinical endpoints have failed to confirm their protective effects, and mechanistic studies have given inconsistent results. Our aim was to investigate antioxidant/ pro-oxidant effects of vitamin C at the cellular level. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We have used the comet assay to investigate effects of vitamin C on DNA damage, antioxidant status, and DNA repair, in HeLa (human tumor) cells, and HPLC to measure uptake of vitamin C into cells. RESULTS Even at concentrations in the medium as high as 200 μM, vitamin C did not increase the background level of strand breaks or of oxidized purines in nuclear DNA. Vitamin C is taken up by HeLa cells and accumulates to mM levels. Preincubation of cells with vitamin C did not render them resistant to strand breakage induced by H2O2 or to purine oxidation by photosensitizer plus light. Vitamin C had no effect on the rate of repair of strand breaks or oxidized bases by HeLa cells. However, vitamin C at a concentration of less than 1 μM, or extract from cells preincubated for 6 h with vitamin C, was able to induce damage (strand breaks) in lysed, histone-depleted nuclei (nucleoids). CONCLUSION In these cultured human cells, vitamin C displays neither antioxidant nor pro-oxidant properties; nor does it affect DNA strand break or base excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (S.C.); (Y.L.); (N.E.B.); (A.R.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-653 (ext. 806574); Fax: +34-948-425-652
| | - Solange Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (S.C.); (Y.L.); (N.E.B.); (A.R.C.)
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Lorenzo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (S.C.); (Y.L.); (N.E.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Nasser E. Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (S.C.); (Y.L.); (N.E.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Andrew R. Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (S.C.); (Y.L.); (N.E.B.); (A.R.C.)
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Sayed HM, Fouad D, Ataya FS, Hassan NH, Fahmy MA. The modifying effect of selenium and vitamins A, C, and E on the genotoxicity induced by sunset yellow in male mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 744:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Patterson J, Boateng J, Walker L, Verghese M. Cytotoxic Effects of Multiple N-nitrosamines in Human Liver Cell Line Hep2G: Possible Mechanisms of Action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2012.114.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Oliveira MM, Teixeira JC, Vasconcelos-Nóbrega C, Felix LM, Sardão VA, Colaço AA, Oliveira PA, Peixoto FP. Mitochondrial and liver oxidative stress alterations induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine: relevance for hepatotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:434-43. [PMID: 22095756 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The most significant toxicological effect of nitrosamines like N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) is their carcinogenic activity, which may result from exposure to a single large dose or from chronic exposure to relatively small doses. However, its effects on mitochondrial liver bioenergetics were never investigated. Liver is the principal organ responsible for BBN metabolic activation, and mitochondria have a central function in cellular energy production, participating in multiple metabolic pathways. Therefore any negative effect on mitochondrial function may affect cell viability. In the present work, ICR male mice were given 0.05% of BBN in drinking water for a period of 12 weeks and were sacrificed one week later. Mitochondrial physiology was characterized in BBN- and control-treated mice. Transmembrane electric potential developed by mitochondria was significantly affected when pyruvate-malate was used, with an increase in state 4 respiration observed for pyruvate-malate (46%) and succinate (38%). A decrease in the contents of one subunit of mitochondrial complex I and in one subunit of mitochondrial complex IV was also observed. In addition, the activity of both complexes I and II was also decreased by BBN treatment. The treatment with BBN increases the susceptibility of liver mitochondria to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This susceptibility could be related with the increase in the production of H2 O2 by mitochondria and increased oxidative stress confirmed by augmented susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. These results lead to the conclusion that hepatic mitochondria are one primary target for BBN toxic action during liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, CQVR, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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Gratz SW, Wallace RJ, El-Nezami HS. Recent Perspectives on the Relations between Fecal Mutagenicity, Genotoxicity, and Diet. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:4. [PMID: 21779247 PMCID: PMC3132665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is an essential component of the genesis of colonic cancer. Gut microbial products and food components are thought to be principally responsible for the damage that initiates disease progression. Modified Ames tests and Comet assays have been developed for measuring mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Their relevance to oncogenesis remains to be confirmed, as does the relative importance of different mutagenic and genotoxic compounds present in fecal water and the bacteria involved in their metabolism. Dietary intervention studies provide clues to the likely risks of oncogenesis. High-protein diets lead to increases in N-nitroso compounds in fecal water and greater DNA damage as measured by the Comet assay, for example. Other dietary interventions, such as non-digestible carbohydrates and probiotics, may lead to lower fecal genotoxicity. In order to make recommendations to the general public, we must develop a better understanding of how genotoxic compounds are formed in the colon, how accurate the Ames and Comet assays are, and how diet affects genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia W. Gratz
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - R. John Wallace
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Hani S. El-Nezami
- Food and Health Research Centre, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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17
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Effects of ascorbic acid and β-carotene on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4265-72. [PMID: 21116852 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that vegetable rich diets have protective effects on the occurrence and prognosis of various cancers. In addition to dietary intakes, ascorbic acid and β-carotene are also taken as supplements. The aim of this study was to assess effects of ascorbic acid, β-carotene and their combinations on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Ascorbic acid and β-carotene were applied to cells as plasma peak concentrations (70 and 8 μM, respectively) and their half concentrations (35 and 4 μM, respectively) for 24 and 48 h. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ascorbic acid and β-carotene were evaluated by alkali single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining patterns of cells (apoptosis and necrosis) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS). Results of the SCGE demonstrated that both ascorbic acid and β-carotene caused DNA damage on HepG2 which were also concordant to increased apoptosis and necrosis of cells. Increased TBARS values also demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation in these cells. Results of the present study demonstrates that when dietary intakes of ascorbic acid and β-carotene and their relevant achievable plasma level concentrations were considered, both ascorbic acid and β-carotene induce genotoxic and cytotoxic damage on HepG2 together with increased oxidative damage in contrast to their protective effect on healthy cells. This may be correlated to oxidative status and balance of ROS in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Hebels DGAJ, Briedé JJ, Khampang R, Kleinjans JCS, de Kok TMCM. Radical Mechanisms in Nitrosamine- and Nitrosamide-Induced Whole-Genome Gene Expression Modulations in Caco-2 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:194-205. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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19
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García A, Morales P, Arranz N, Delgado ME, Rafter J, Haza AI. Antiapoptotic effects of dietary antioxidants towards N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosodibutylamine-induced apoptosis in HL-60 and HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 29:403-13. [PMID: 19301245 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of vitamin C, diallyl disulfide (DADS) and dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) towards N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)-induced apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. None of the vitamin C (5-50 microm), DADS and DPDS (1-5 microm) concentrations selected induced a significant percentage of apoptosis. In simultaneous treatments, vitamin C, DADS and DPDS reduced the apoptosis induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL-60 and HepG2 cells (around 70% of reduction). We also investigated its scavenging activities towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NPIP and NDBA using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate in both cell lines. ROS production induced by both N-nitrosamine was reduced to control levels by vitamin C (5-50 microm) in a dose-dependent manner. However, DADS (5 microm) increased ROS levels induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL-60 (40 and 20% increase, respectively) and HepG2 cells (18% increase), whereas DPDS was more efficient scavenger of ROS at the lowest concentration (1 microm) in both HL-60 (52 and 25% reduction, respectively) and HepG2 cells (24% reduction). The data demonstrated that the scavenging ability of vitamin C and DPDS could contribute to inhibition of the NPIP- and NDBA-induced apoptosis. However, more than one mechanism, such as inhibition of phase I and/or induction of phase II enzymes, could be implicated in the protective effect of dietary antioxidants towards NPIP- and NDBA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 and HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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20
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Farghaly AA, Abo-Zeid MAM. Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Trimethyltin Induced DNA Damage Using Comet Assay and Chromosomal Aberrations. CYTOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.75.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Farghaly
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Center, Egypt
| | - Mona A. M. Abo-Zeid
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Center, Egypt
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21
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Delgado ME, Haza AI, García A, Morales P. Myricetin, quercetin, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin protect against N-nitrosamines-induced DNA damage in human hepatoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1292-7. [PMID: 19628030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of myricetin, quercetin, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, against N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP)-induced DNA damage in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) was evaluated by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis or Comet assay. (+)-Catechin at the lowest concentration (10 microM) showed the maximum reduction of DNA strand breaks (23%), the formation of endonuclease III (Endo III, 19-21%) and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg, 28-40%) sensitive sites induced by NDBA or NPIP. (-)-Epicatechin also decreased DNA strand breaks (10 microM, 20%) and the oxidized pyrimidines/purines (33-39%) induced by NDBA or NPIP, respectively. DNA strand breaks induced by NDBA or NPIP were weakly reduced by myricetin at the lowest concentration (0.1 microM, 10-19%, respectively). Myricetin also reduced the oxidized purines (0.1 microM, 17%) and pyrimidines (0.1 microM, 15%) induced by NDBA, but not the oxidized pyrimidines induced by NPIP. Quercetin did not protect against NDBA-induced DNA damage, but it reduced the formation of Endo III and Fpg sensitive sites induced by NPIP (0.1 microM, 17-20%, respectively). In conclusion, our results indicate that (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin at the concentrations tested protect human derived cells against oxidative DNA damage effects of NDBA and NPIP. However, myricetin at the concentrations tested only protects human cells against oxidative DNA damage induced by NDBA and quercetin against oxidative DNA damage induced by NPIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Delgado
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sheweita SA, Mousa N, Al-Masry HM. N-Nitrosodimethylamine changes the expression of glutathione S-transferase in the liver of male mice: The role of antioxidants. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2009; 22:389-95. [PMID: 19111000 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effect of gossypol, selenium, zinc, or glutathione (GSH) against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatotoxicity in the livers of male mice. The expression and the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), levels of GSH, and free radicals (malondialdehyde (MDA)), as well as the activity of glutathione reductase were determined after the treatment of mice for seven consecutive days with low or high doses of gossypol, selenium, zinc, or GSH. In experimental groups, DMN was administered as a single dose for 2 h after the repeated dose treatments of mice for seven consecutive days with each antioxidant. DMN reduced the expression and inhibited the activity of GST. However, repeated treatments of mice with low-dose gossypol or high dose of either selenium or GSH followed by a single dose of DMN induced the expression and the activity of GST. In contrast, low-dose treatments of mice with zinc, selenium, or GSH followed by a single dose of DMN reduced the expression and the activity of GST compared to either control or DMN-treated groups. In addition, high-dose treatment with either gossypol or selenium markedly induced the levels of GSH compared to either control or DMN-treated groups. Interestingly, pretreatment of mice with high dose of either gossypol or selenium for seven consecutive days followed by a single dose of DMN decreased the levels of MDA, whereas DMN induced such levels. It is concluded that high dose of either gossypol or selenium is a stronger protector than zinc and GSH in ameliorating the toxic effects of DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Sheweita
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hosseinzadeh H, Abootorabi A, Sadeghnia HR. Protective Effect of Crocus sativus Stigma Extract and Crocin (trans-crocin 4) on Methyl Methanesulfonate–Induced DNA Damage in Mice Organs. DNA Cell Biol 2008; 27:657-64. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2008.0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Akram Abootorabi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Hamid R. Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
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Azqueta A, Shaposhnikov S, Collins AR. DNA oxidation: investigating its key role in environmental mutagenesis with the comet assay. Mutat Res 2008; 674:101-8. [PMID: 19041417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA oxidation, which can have potentially serious mutagenic consequences, commonly accompanies exposure to environmental mutagens. Oxidised bases can be measured chromatographically, but spurious oxidation during sample preparation leads to serious over-estimation of low levels of damage. A more reliable approach is to employ endonucleases specific for oxidised bases, to introduce breaks in cellular DNA that are then most commonly measured using the comet assay (alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis). The two enzymes in general use are formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, which detects primarily 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), and endonuclease III which recognises oxidised pyrimidines. We give a brief account of the recommended experimental procedures, and then describe applications in various areas of environmental research. Cultured cell lines or white blood cells have been exposed to a range of environmental mutagens, including natural products, industrial chemicals, radiation and nanoparticles. In vivo exposure of animals and humans to pollutants is more challenging but can give particularly valuable information in relation to real life exposure. Possibly the most useful application is in biomonitoring of human population groups suffering actual exposure to environmental or occupational mutagens. Finally, the potential use of this technique to monitor effects of contaminants in the natural environment has yet to be fully exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Dietary polyphenols protect against N-nitrosamines and benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Eur J Nutr 2008; 47:479-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-008-0751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Delgado ME, Rafter J, Morales P. Inhibition by vitamin C of apoptosis induced byN-nitrosamines in HepG2 and HL-60 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:788-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Organosulfur compounds alone or in combination with vitamin C protect towards N-nitrosopiperidine- and N-nitrosodibutylamine-induced oxidative DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 173:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Delgado E, Rafter J, Morales P. Effects of organosulfurs, isothiocyanates and vitamin C towards hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) in human hepatoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 169:63-71. [PMID: 17603030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of organosulfurs, isothiocyanates and vitamin C towards hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage (DNA strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) in human hepatoma cells (HepG2), using the Comet assay. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) increased the levels of DNA strand breaks and oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases, in a concentration and time dependent manner. Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) reduced DNA strand breaks induced by H(2)O(2). In addition, OSCs also decreased the levels of oxidized pyrimidines. However, none of the OSCs tested reduced the levels of oxidized purines. Isothiocyanates compounds (ITCs) and vitamin C showed protective effects towards H(2)O(2)-induced DNA strand breaks and oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases. The results indicate that removal of oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases by ITCs was more efficient than by OSCs and vitamin C. Our findings suggest that OSCs, ITCs and vitamin C could exert their protective effects towards H(2)O(2)-induced DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage by the free radical-scavenging efficiency of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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