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Chaturvedi M, Mishra M, Pandey A, Gupta J, Pandey J, Gupta S, Malik MZ, Somvanshi P, Chaturvedi R. Oxidative Products of Curcumin Rather Than Curcumin Bind to Helicobacter Pylori Virulence Factor VacA and Are Required to Inhibit Its Vacuolation Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196727. [PMID: 36235264 PMCID: PMC9572645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from turmeric with potent anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects. Curcumin is degraded into various derivatives under in vitro and in vivo conditions, and it appears that its degradation may be responsible for the pharmacological effects of curcumin. The primary risk factor for the cause of gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). A virulence factor vacuolating cytotoxic A (VacA) is secreted by H. pylori as a 88 kDa monomer (p88), which can be fragmented into a 33 kDa N-terminal domain (p33) and a 55 kDa C-terminal domain (p55). Recently it has been reported that curcumin oxidation is required to inhibit the activity of another major H.pylori toxin CagA. We performed molecular docking of curcumin and its oxidative derivatives with p33 and p55 domains of VacA. Further, we have examined the effect of the oxidation of curcumin on the vacuolation activity of VacA protein. We observed the binding of curcumin to the p55 domain of VacA at five different sites with moderate binding affinities. Curcumin did not bind to p33 domain of VacA. Remarkably, cyclobutyl cyclopentadione and dihydroxy cyclopentadione, which are oxidized products of curcumin, showed a higher binding affinity with VacA protein at all sites except one as compared to parent curcumin itself. However, cyclobutyl cyclopentadione showed a significant binding affinity for the active site 5 of the p55 protein. Active site five (312-422) of p55 domain of VacA plays a crucial role in VacA-mediated vacuole formation. Invitro experiments showed that curcumin inhibited the vacuolation activity of H. pylori in human gastric cell line AGS cells whereas acetyl and diacetyl curcumin, which cannot be oxidized, failed to inhibit the vacuolation in AGS cells after H. pylori infection. Here our data showed that oxidation is essential for the activity of curcumin in inhibiting the vacuolation activity of H. pylori. Synthesis of these oxidized curcumin derivatives could potentially provide new therapeutic drug molecules for inhibiting H. pylori-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mohit Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Achyut Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jyoti Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Md. Zubbair Malik
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Special Center for System Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Special Center for System Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Nanofluidiks Pvt. Ltd., Jawaharlal Nehru University-Foundation for Innovation, New Delhi 110067, India
- Correspondence:
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Marhuenda J, Villaño D, Arcusa R, Zafrilla P. Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020343. [PMID: 33440795 PMCID: PMC7827953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the pineal gland with several functions, especially regulation of circadian sleep cycle and the biological processes related to it. This review evaluates the bioavailability of melatonin and resulting metabolites, the presence of melatonin in wine and beer and factors that influence it, and finally the different benefits related to treatment with melatonin. When administered orally, melatonin is mainly absorbed in the rectum and the ileum; it has a half-life of about 0.45–1 h and is extensively inactivated in the liver by phase 2 enzymes. Melatonin (MEL) concentration varies from picograms to ng/mL in fermented beverages such as wine and beer, depending on the fermentation process. These low quantities, within a dietary intake, are enough to reach significant plasma concentrations of melatonin, and are thus able to exert beneficial effects. Melatonin has demonstrated antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective actions. These benefits are related to its free radical scavenging properties as well and the direct interaction with melatonin receptors, which are involved in complex intracellular signaling pathways, including inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation, among others. In the present review, the current evidence on the effects of melatonin on different pathophysiological conditions is also discussed.
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Guo Q, Liu M, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Liu J, Cai C, Shi Y, Han J. Spectroscopic and cytotoxicity studies on the combined interaction of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and anthracycline drugs with human serum albumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 222:117213. [PMID: 31177010 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) and anthracycline drugs (doxorubicin, DOX and epirubicin, EPI) alone or in combination with human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological condition were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxic activity of the single drug, combined drugs, and their complexes with HSA against human cervical cancer HeLa cell line was determined by MTT assay. Fluorescence quenching result and difference spectra of UV absorption revealed the formation of static complex between EGCG, DOX, or EPI and HSA. The binding of EGCG with HSA was driven by both enthalpy and entropy while the binding of DOX or EPI was mainly entropy driven. The nature of binding was expounded based on the effect of sodium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, and sucrose which interfere in electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions, respectively. Site marker competitive experiments combined with synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that these three ligands mainly bound to subdomain IIA of HSA and were closer to tryptophan residues. In EGCG + DOX/EPI + HSA ternary system, the effect of one drug on the binding ability of another drug was discussed. The influences of the individual and combined binding of EGCG and DOX/EPI on the secondary structure and particle size of HSA were investigated by CD spectroscopy and DLS, respectively. Moreover, the synergistic cytotoxicity of EGCG and DOX/EPI as well as their complexes with HSA were discussed. Obtained results would provide beneficial information on the combination of EGCG and anthracyclines in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yushu Wu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yabo Shi
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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Dusek J, Skoda J, Holas O, Horvatova A, Smutny T, Linhartova L, Hirsova P, Kucera O, Micuda S, Braeuning A, Pavek P. Stilbene compound trans-3,4,5,4´-tetramethoxystilbene, a potential anticancer drug, regulates constitutive androstane receptor (Car) target genes, but does not possess proliferative activity in mouse liver. Toxicol Lett 2019; 313:1-10. [PMID: 31170421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor(CAR) activation is connected with mitogenic effects leading to liver hyperplasia and tumorigenesis in rodents. CAR activators, including phenobarbital, are considered rodent non-genotoxic carcinogens. Recently, trans-3,4,5,4´-tetramethoxystilbene(TMS), a potential anticancer drug (DMU-212), have been shown to alleviate N-nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital-induced liver carcinogenesis. We studied whether TMS inhibits mouse Car to protect from the PB-induced tumorigenesis. Unexpectedly, we identified TMS as a murine CAR agonist in reporter gene experiments, in mouse hepatocytes, and in C57BL/6 mice in vivo. TMS up-regulated Car target genes Cyp2b10, Cyp2c29 and Cyp2c55 mRNAs, but down-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. TMS did not change or down-regulate genes involved in liver proliferation or apoptosis such as Mki67, Foxm1, Myc, Mcl1, Pcna, Bcl2, or Mdm2, which were up-regulated by another Car ligand TCPOBOP. TMS did not increase liver weight and had no significant effect on Ki67 and Pcna labeling indices in mouse liver in vivo. In murine hepatic AML12 cells, we confirmed a Car-independent proapoptotic effect of TMS. We conclude that TMS is a Car ligand with limited effects on hepatocyte proliferation, likely due to promoting apoptosis in mouse hepatic cells, while controlling Car target genes involved in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Holas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Horvatova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Linhartova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Otto Kucera
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Simkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Simkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany; Department of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic.
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Giallourou NS, Rowland IR, Rothwell SD, Packham G, Commane DM, Swann JR. Metabolic targets of watercress and PEITC in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells explain differential sensitisation responses to ionising radiation. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2377-2391. [PMID: 30066177 PMCID: PMC6689287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Watercress is a rich source of phytochemicals with anticancer potential, including phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). We examined the potential for watercress extracts and PEITC to increase the DNA damage caused by ionising radiation (IR) in breast cancer cells and to be protective against radiation-induced collateral damage in healthy breast cells. The metabolic events that mediate such responses were explored using metabolic profiling. METHODS 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling was coupled with DNA damage-related assays (cell cycle, Comet assay, viability assays) to profile the comparative effects of watercress and PEITC in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A non-tumorigenic breast cells with and without exposure to IR. RESULTS Both the watercress extract and PEITC-modulated biosynthetic pathways of lipid and protein synthesis and resulted in changes in cellular bioenergetics. Disruptions to the redox balance occurred with both treatments in the two cell lines, characterised by shifts in the abundance of glutathione. PEITC enhanced the sensitivity of the breast cancer cells to IR increasing the effectiveness of the cancer-killing process. In contrast, watercress-protected non-tumorigenic breast cells from radiation-induced damage. These effects were driven by changes in the cellular content of the antioxidant glutathione following exposure to PEITC and other phytochemicals in watercress. CONCLUSION These findings support the potential prophylactic impact of watercress during radiotherapy. Extracted compounds from watercress and PEITC differentially modulate cellular metabolism collectively enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa S Giallourou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian R Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Steve D Rothwell
- Vitacress, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Xie M, Liu J, Tsao R, Wang Z, Sun B, Wang J. Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1769. [PMID: 31374888 PMCID: PMC6723813 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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Wang C, Zhou X, Wang H, Sun X, Guo M. Interactions between β-Lactoglobulin and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane in Model System. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112151. [PMID: 31181617 PMCID: PMC6600512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The compound 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) has a broad spectrum of anticancer activities. However, low stability and bioavailability limit its application. Elucidating interactions between DIM and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) may be useful for fabricating whey protein-based protecting systems. Interaction with DIM increased the diameter and absolute zeta potential value of β-LG. UV-absorption spectra suggested that there was a complex of DIM and β-LG. β-LG showed enhanced fluorescence intensity by complexing with DIM with a binding constant of 6.7 × 105 M−1. Upon interaction with DIM, β-LG was decreased in secondary structure content of helix and turn while increased in β-sheet and unordered. FT-IR spectra and molecular docking results indicated the roles of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond for the formation of DIM and β-LG nanocomplexes. Data suggested that β-LG may be a good vehicle for making a protein-based DIM protection and delivery system due to the tight binding of DIM to β-LG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Abstract
Genistein is a type of isoflavonoid found predominantly in leguminous plants. Genistein has diverse biological activities, such as anthelmintic and antioxidant effects, as well as inhibitory effects on the growth of several cancers. In addition, genistein is well known as a phytoestrogen. In this study, we attempted to biologically synthesize genistein from either p-coumaric acid or naringenin using Escherichia coli as a biotransformation host. Four genes, Os4CL, PeCHS, RcIFS, and OsCPR, were used for genistein production. To functionally express RcIFS and OsCPR, two members of the cytochrome P450 family, in E. coli, the membrane-binding anchor domain of each gene was removed, and RcIFS and OsCPR were translationally fused to generate an RcIFS-OsCPR hybrid. Os4CL and PeCHS, or the RcIFS-OsCPR hybrid, were then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). Using these strains, we optimized our culture system at a laboratory scale in terms of the cell density, concentrations of substrate and isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside, temperature, and culture medium. Under the optimized culture conditions, genistein was produced at up to 35 mg/l and 18.6 mg/l using naringenin and p-coumaric acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Forest Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
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Crans DC, Yang L, Haase A, Yang X. Health Benefits of Vanadium and Its Potential as an Anticancer Agent. Met Ions Life Sci 2018; 18:/books/9783110470734/9783110470734-015/9783110470734-015.xml. [PMID: 29394028 DOI: 10.1515/9783110470734-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds have been known to have beneficial therapeutic properties since the turn of the century, but it was not until 1965 when it was discovered that those effects could be extended to treating cancer. Some vanadium compounds can combat common markers of cancer, which include metabolic processes that are important to initiating and developing the phenotypes of cancer. It is appropriate to consider vanadium as a treatment option due to the similarities in some of the metabolic pathways utilized by both diabetes and cancer and therefore is among the few drugs that are effective against more than one disease. The development of vanadium compounds as protein phosphatase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes may be useful for potential applications as an anticancer agent. Furthermore, the ability of vanadium to redox cycle is also important for biological properties and is involved in the pathways of reactive oxygen species. Early agents including vanadocene and peroxovanadium compounds have been investigated in detail, and the results can be used to gain a better understanding of how some vanadium compounds are modifying the metabolic pathways potentially developing cancer. Considering the importance of coordination chemistry to biological responses, it is likely that proper consideration of compound formulation will improve the efficacy of the drug. Future development of vanadium-based drugs should include consideration of drug formulation at earlier stages of drug development.
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Corona G, Coman MM, Guo Y, Hotchkiss S, Gill C, Yaqoob P, Spencer JPE, Rowland I. Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation on polyphenolic content and bioactivity of brown seaweed phlorotannin-rich extracts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28718977 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Unlike other classes of polyphenols, there is a lack of knowledge regarding brown seaweed phlorotannins and their bioactivity. We investigated the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on the bioactivity of a seaweed phlorotannin extract from Ascophyllum nodosum and its high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) fractions. METHODS AND RESULTS The highest phlorotannin and total polyphenol (TP) concentration was observed in the HMW fraction. Antioxidant capacity broadly followed phlorotannin and TP levels, with HMW having the highest activity. Both gastrointestinal digestion (GID) and colonic fermentation (CF) significantly affected phlorotannin and TP levels, and antioxidant capacity of the extract and fractions. Despite this, in HT-29 cells, all GID extracts significantly inhibit cell growth, whereas CF extracts effectively counteracted H2 O2 induced DNA damage. CONCLUSION Although phlorotannins, TP levels and antioxidant power of the extracts were strongly reduced after in vitro digestion and fermentation, their anti-genotoxic activity and cell growth inhibitory effect in colon HT-29 cells was maintained and enhanced. HMW was the most effective fraction, indicating that the high molecular weight phlorotannins potentially exert a stronger beneficial effect in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Maria Magdalena Coman
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- CyberColloids Ltd. Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, County Cork, Northern Ireland
| | - Chris Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Chatterjee A, Ronghe A, Padhye SB, Spade DA, Bhat NK, Bhat HK. Antioxidant activities of novel resveratrol analogs in breast cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [PMID: 28960787 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize the role of novel resveratrol (Res) analogs: 4-(E)-{(4-hydroxyphenylimino)-methylbenzene, 1, 2-diol} (HPIMBD) and 4-(E)-{(p-tolylimino)-methylbenzene-1,2-diol} (TIMBD) as potent antioxidants against breast cancer. Non-neoplastic breast epithelial cell lines MCF-10A and MCF-10F were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), Res, HPIMBD, and TIMBD for up to 72 h. mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant genes, superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and N-quinoneoxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and transcription factors, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf) 1, 2 and 3 were quantified after the above treatments. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by CM-H2-DCFDA and oxidative-DNA damage was determined by measuring 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). HPIMBD and TIMBD scavenged cellular ROS production, attenuated oxidative DNA damage, increased mRNA and protein expression levels of SOD3 and NQO1 and activated Nrf signaling pathway. Our studies demonstrate that HPIMBD and TIMBD have the potential as novel antioxidants to prevent development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Chatterjee
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Amruta Ronghe
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, India
| | - David A Spade
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Nimee K Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Hari K Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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12
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Lee YS, Ku KM, Becker TM, Juvik JA. Chemopreventive glucosinolate accumulation in various broccoli and collard tissues: Microfluidic-based targeted transcriptomics for by-product valorization. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185112. [PMID: 28945821 PMCID: PMC5612653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Floret, leaf, and root tissues were harvested from broccoli and collard cultivars and extracted to determine their glucosinolate and hydrolysis product profiles using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromotography. Quinone reductase inducing bioactivity, an estimate of anti-cancer chemopreventive potential, of the extracts was measured using a hepa1c1c7 murine cell line. Extracts from root tissues were significantly different from other tissues and contained high levels of gluconasturtiin and glucoerucin. Targeted gene expression analysis on glucosinolate biosynthesis revealed that broccoli root tissue has elevated gene expression of AOP2 and low expression of FMOGS-OX homologs, essentially the opposite of what was observed in broccoli florets, which accumulated high levels of glucoraphanin. Broccoli floret tissue has significantly higher nitrile formation (%) and epithionitrile specifier protein gene expression than other tissues. This study provides basic information of the glucosinolate metabolome and transcriptome for various tissues of Brassica oleracea that maybe utilized as potential byproducts for the nutraceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Talon M. Becker
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John A. Juvik
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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13
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Pereira LP, Silva P, Duarte M, Rodrigues L, Duarte CMM, Albuquerque C, Serra AT. Targeting Colorectal Cancer Proliferation, Stemness and Metastatic Potential Using Brassicaceae Extracts Enriched in Isothiocyanates: A 3D Cell Model-Based Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040368. [PMID: 28394276 PMCID: PMC5409707 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence is often attributable to circulating tumor cells and/or cancer stem cells (CSCs) that resist to conventional therapies and foster tumor progression. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from Brassicaceae vegetables have demonstrated anticancer effects in CRC, however little is known about their effect in CSCs and tumor initiation properties. Here we examined the effect of ITCs-enriched Brassicaceae extracts derived from watercress and broccoli in cell proliferation, CSC phenotype and metastasis using a previously developed three-dimensional HT29 cell model with CSC-like traits. Both extracts were phytochemically characterized and their antiproliferative effect in HT29 monolayers was explored. Next, we performed cell proliferation assays and flow cytometry analysis in HT29 spheroids treated with watercress and broccoli extracts and respective main ITCs, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN). Soft agar assays and relative quantitative expression analysis of stemness markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling players were performed to evaluate the effect of these phytochemicals in stemness and metastasis. Our results showed that both Brassicaceae extracts and ITCs exert antiproliferative effects in HT29 spheroids, arresting cell cycle at G₂/M, possibly due to ITC-induced DNA damage. Colony formation and expression of LGR5 and CD133 cancer stemness markers were significantly reduced. Only watercress extract and PEITC decreased ALDH1 activity in a dose-dependent manner, as well as β-catenin expression. Our research provides new insights on CRC therapy using ITC-enriched Brassicaceae extracts, specially watercress extract, to target CSCs and circulating tumor cells by impairing cell proliferation, ALDH1-mediated chemo-resistance, anoikis evasion, self-renewal and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília P Pereira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marlene Duarte
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Catarina M M Duarte
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Albuquerque
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E (IPOLFG, EPE), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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14
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Nurdin SU, Le Leu RK, Young GP, Stangoulis JCR, Christophersen CT, Abbott CA. Analysis of the Anti-Cancer Effects of Cincau Extract (Premna oblongifolia Merr) and Other Types of Non-Digestible Fibre Using Faecal Fermentation Supernatants and Caco-2 Cells as a Model of the Human Colon. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040355. [PMID: 28368356 PMCID: PMC5409694 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Green cincau (Premna oblongifolia Merr) is an Indonesian food plant with a high dietary fibre content. Research has shown that dietary fibre mixtures may be more beneficial for colorectal cancer prevention than a single dietary fibre type. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green cincau extract on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in anaerobic batch cultures inoculated with human faecal slurries and to compare these to results obtained using different dietary fibre types (pectin, inulin, and cellulose), singly and in combination. Furthermore, fermentation supernatants (FSs) were evaluated in Caco-2 cells for their effect on cell viability, differentiation, and apoptosis. Cincau increased total SCFA concentration by increasing acetate and propionate, but not butyrate concentration. FSs from all dietary fibre sources, including cincau, reduced Caco-2 cell viability. However, the effects of all FSs on cell viability, cell differentiation, and apoptosis were not simply explainable by their butyrate content. In conclusion, products of fermentation of cincau extracts induced cell death, but further work is required to understand the mechanism of action. This study demonstrates for the first time that this Indonesian traditional source of dietary fibre may be protective against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsu U Nurdin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Richard K Le Leu
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Graeme P Young
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Claus T Christophersen
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Catherine A Abbott
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
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15
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Abstract
Serum albumin (Alb) is the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Alb reacts with many carcinogens and/or their electrophilic metabolites. Studies conducted over 20 years ago showed that Alb forms adducts with the human carcinogens aflatoxin B1 and benzene, which were successfully used as biomarkers in molecular epidemiology studies designed to address the role of these chemicals in cancer risk. Alb forms adducts with many therapeutic drugs or their reactive metabolites such as β-lactam antibiotics, acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and antiretroviral therapy drugs. The identification and characterization of the adduct structures formed with Alb have served to understand the generation of reactive metabolites and to predict idiosyncratic drug reactions and toxicities. The reaction of candidate drugs with Alb is now exploited as part of the battery of screening tools to assess the potential toxicities of drugs. The use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) enabled the identification and quantification of multiple types of Alb xenobiotic adducts in animals and humans during the past three decades. In this perspective, we highlight the history of Alb as a target protein for adduction to environmental and dietary genotoxicants, pesticides, and herbicides, common classes of medicinal drugs, and endogenous electrophiles, and the emerging analytical mass spectrometry technologies to identify Alb-toxicant adducts in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sabbioni
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland
- Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, CH-6718 Olivone, Switzerland
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie
und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Guo L, Yang R, Gu Z. Cloning of genes related to aliphatic glucosinolate metabolism and the mechanism of sulforaphane accumulation in broccoli sprouts under jasmonic acid treatment. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:4329-4336. [PMID: 26786856 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 79F1 (CYP79F1), cytochrome P450 83A1 (CYP83A1), UDP-glucosyltransferase 74B1 (UGT74B1), sulfotransferase 18 (ST5b) and flavin-containing monooxygenase GS-OX1 (FMOGS - OX1 ) are important enzymes in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis. In this study, their full-length cDNA in broccoli was firstly cloned, then the mechanism of sulforaphane accumulation under jasmonic acid (JA) treatment was investigated. RESULTS The full-length cDNA of CYP79F1, CYP83A1, UGT74B1, ST5b and FMOGS - OX1 comprised 1980, 1652, 1592, 1378 and 1623 bp respectively. The increase in aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation in broccoli sprouts treated with JA was associated with elevated expression of genes in the aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway. Application of 100 µmol L(-1) JA increased myrosinase (MYR) activity but did not affect epithiospecifier protein (ESP) activity in broccoli sprouts, which was supported by the expression of MYR and ESP. Sulforaphane formation in 7-day-old sprouts treated with 100 µmol L(-1) JA was 3.36 and 1.30 times that in the control and 300 µmol L(-1) JA treatment respectively. CONCLUSION JA enhanced the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts via up-regulation of related gene expression. Broccoli sprouts treated with 100 µmol L(-1) JA showed higher sulforphane formation than those treated with 300 µmol L(-1) JA owing to the higher glucoraphanin content and myrosinase activity under 100 µmol L(-1) JA treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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17
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Stanisavljević NS, Ilić MD, Matić IZ, Jovanović ŽS, Čupić T, Dabić DČ, Natić MM, Tešić ŽL. Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Seed Coats of Differently Colored European Varieties of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Characterization of Their Antioxidant and In Vitro Anticancer Activities. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:988-1000. [PMID: 27348025 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To date little has been done on identification of major phenolic compounds responsible for anticancer and antioxidant properties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed coat extracts. In the present study, phenolic profile of the seed coat extracts from 10 differently colored European varieties has been determined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer technique. Extracts of dark colored varieties with high total phenolic content (up to 46.56 mg GAE/g) exhibited strong antioxidant activities (measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or DPPH assay, and ferric ion reducing and ferrous ion chelating capacity assays) which could be attributed to presence of gallic acid, epigallocatechin, naringenin, and apigenin. The aqueous extracts of dark colored varieties exert concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on all tested malignant cell lines (human colon adenocarcinoma LS174, human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453, human lung carcinoma A594, and myelogenous leukemia K562). Correlation analysis revealed that intensities of cytotoxic activity of the extracts strongly correlated with contents of epigallocatechin and luteolin. Cell cycle analysis on LS174 cells in the presence of caspase-3 inhibitor points out that extracts may activate other cell death modalities besides caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. The study provides evidence that seed coat extracts of dark colored pea varieties might be used as potential cancer-chemopreventive and complementary agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja S Stanisavljević
- a Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marija D Ilić
- a Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
- b Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ivana Z Matić
- c Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Živko S Jovanović
- a Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | - Dragana Č Dabić
- e Innovation Center , Faculty of Chemistry Ltd, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Maja M Natić
- b Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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18
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Xiang LP, Wang A, Ye JH, Zheng XQ, Polito CA, Lu JL, Li QS, Liang YR. Suppressive Effects of Tea Catechins on Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080458. [PMID: 27483305 PMCID: PMC4997373 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) is rich in catechins, which endow tea with various health benefits. There are more than ten catechin compounds in tea, among which epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Epidemiological studies on the association between tea consumption and the risk of breast cancer were summarized, and the inhibitory effects of tea catechins on breast cancer, with EGCG as a representative compound, were reviewed in the present paper. The controversial results regarding the role of tea in breast cancer and areas for further study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xiang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- National Tea and Tea product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guizhou), Zunyi 563100, China.
| | - Ao Wang
- National Tea and Tea product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guizhou), Zunyi 563100, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Curt Anthony Polito
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- National Tea and Tea product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guizhou), Zunyi 563100, China.
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19
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Lee J, Kim YS, Lee J, Heo SC, Lee KL, Choi SW, Kim Y. Walnut Phenolic Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds Suppress Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Regulating Colon Cancer Stemness. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070439. [PMID: 27455311 PMCID: PMC4963915 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut has been known for its health benefits, including anti-cardiovascular disease and anti-oxidative properties. However, there is limited evidence elucidating its effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs) which represent a small subset of cancer cells that provide resistance against chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-CSCs potential of walnut phenolic extract (WPE) and its bioactive compounds, including (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and gallic acid. In the present study, CD133+CD44+ cells were isolated from HCT116 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and then treated with WPE. As a result, survival of the CD133+CD44+ HCT116 cells was inhibited and cell differentiation was induced by WPE. In addition, WPE down-regulated the CSC markers, CD133, CD44, DLK1, and Notch1, as well as the β-catenin/p-GSK3β signaling pathway. WPE suppressed the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Furthermore, the WPE exhibited stronger anti-CSC effects than its individual bioactive compounds. Finally, the WPE inhibited specific CSC markers in primary colon cancer cells isolated from primary colon tumor. These results suggest that WPE can suppress colon cancer by regulating the characteristics of colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Yoo-Sun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | | | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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20
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Kim H, Ramirez CN, Su ZY, Kong ANT. Epigenetic modifications of triterpenoid ursolic acid in activating Nrf2 and blocking cellular transformation of mouse epidermal cells. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:54-62. [PMID: 27260468 PMCID: PMC4895202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a well-known natural triterpenoid found in abundance in blueberries, cranberries and apple peels, has been reported to possess many beneficial health effects. These effects include anticancer activity in various cancers, such as skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidative stress response with anticarcinogenic activity against UV- and chemical-induced tumor formation in the skin. Recent studies show that epigenetic modifications of Nrf2 play an important role in cancer prevention. However, the epigenetic impact of UA on Nrf2 signaling remains poorly understood in skin cancer. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic effects of UA on mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells. UA inhibited cellular transformation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate at a concentration at which the cytotoxicity was no more than 25%. Under this condition, UA induced the expression of the Nrf2-mediated detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. DNA methylation analysis revealed that UA demethylated the first 15 CpG sites of the Nrf2 promoter region, which correlated with the reexpression of Nrf2. Furthermore, UA reduced the expression of epigenetic modifying enzymes, including the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a and the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC8 (Class I) and HDAC6 and HDAC7 (Class II), and HDAC activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the epigenetic effects of the triterpenoid UA could potentially contribute to its beneficial effects, including the prevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina N Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan (Republic of China) 32023
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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21
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Yan J, Xia Q, Cherng SH, Wamer WG, Howard PC, Yu H, Fu PP. Photo-induced DNA damage and photocytotoxicity of retinyl palmitate and its photodecomposition products. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 21:167-75. [PMID: 16149731 DOI: 10.1191/0748233705th225oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Retinyl palmitate (RP) is an ester of retinol (vitamin A) and the predominant form of retinol found endogenously in the skin. We have previously reported that photoirradiation of RP with UVA light resulted in the formation of anhydroretinol (AR), 5,6-epoxyretinyl palmitate (5,6-epoxy-RP) and other photodecomposition products. While AR was formed through an ionic photodissociation mechanism, 5,6-epoxy-RP was formed through a light-mediated, free radical-initiated chain reaction. In the current study, the phototoxicity of RP, AR and 5,6-epoxy-RP in human skin Jurkat T-cells with and without light irradiation was determined using a fluorescein diacetate assay. Under similar conditions, the Comet assay was used to assess damage to cellular DNA. Nuclear DNA was not significantly damaged when the cells were irradiated by UVA plus visible light in the absence of a retinoid; however, when the cells were illuminated with UVA plus visible light in the presence of either RP, 5,6-epoxy-RP or AR (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM), DNA fragmentation was observed. Cell death was observed for retinoid concentrations of 100 mM or higher. When treated with 150 mM of RP, 5,6-epoxy-RP or AR, cell death was 52, 33 and 52%, respectively. These results suggest that RP and its two photodecomposition products, AR and 5,6-epoxy-RP, induce DNA damage and cytotoxicity when irradiated with UVA plus visible light. We also determined that photoirradiation of RP, AR and 5,6-epoxy-RP causes single strand breaks in supercoiled FX174 plasmid DNA. Using a constant dose of UVA light (50 J/cm2), the level of DNA cleavage was highest in the presence of AR, followed by 5,6-epoxy-RP, then RP. The induced DNA strand cleavage was inhibited by NaN3. These results suggest that photoirradiation of RP, 5,6-epoxy-RP and AR with UVA light generates free radicals that initiate DNA strand cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yan
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA.
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22
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Zhao R, Choi BY, Lee MH, Bode AM, Dong Z. Implications of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of CDKN2A (p16(INK4a)) in Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:30-39. [PMID: 27428416 PMCID: PMC4919535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant gene silencing is highly associated with altered cell cycle regulation during carcinogenesis. In particular, silencing of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the p16(INK4a) protein, has a causal link with several different types of cancers. The p16(INK4a) protein plays an executional role in cell cycle and senescence through the regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 and cyclin D complexes. Several genetic and epigenetic aberrations of CDKN2A lead to enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis with recurrence of cancer and poor prognosis. In these cases, the restoration of genetic and epigenetic reactivation of CDKN2A is a practical approach for the prevention and therapy of cancer. This review highlights the genetic status of CDKN2A as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju 361-742, South Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China.
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
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Białek A, Tokarz A, Zagrodzki P. CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACIDS (CLA) DECREASE THE BREAST CANCER RISK IN DMBA-TREATED RATS. Acta Pol Pharm 2016; 73:315-327. [PMID: 27180424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how supplementation of diet of female Sprague-Dawley rats with different doses of conjugated linoleic acids and for a varied period of time influences breast cancer risk, fatty acids profile and lipids peroxidation in chemically induced mammary tumors. Animals were divided into nine groups with different modifications of diet (vegetable oil, 1.0 or 2.0% of CLA) and period of supplementation, which lasted after (A), before (B) and before and after (BA) carcinogenic agent--7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene administration at 50th day of life. Mammary adenocarcinomas occurred in all groups, but CLA supplementation decreased the cancer morbidity. Two percent CLA seems to be excessive because of the coexisting cachexia. Two CLA isomers (9-cis, 11-trans and 10-trans, 12-cis) were detected in tumors but content of rumenic acid was higher. Dietary supplementation significantly influenced some unsaturated fatty acids content (C18:2 n-6 trans, C20:1, C20:5 n-3, C22:2), but the anti- or prooxidant properties of CLA were not confirmed. CLA can inhibit chemically induced mammary tumors development in female rats, but their cytotoxic action seems not to be connected with lipids peroxidation. CLA isomers differ with their incorporation into cancerous tissues and they influence the content of some other fatty acids.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Adenocarcinoma/chemically induced
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/chemistry
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/metabolism
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Dietary Supplements
- Female
- Isomerism
- Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/chemistry
- Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/metabolism
- Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Time Factors
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Ben Rahal N, Barba FJ, Barth D, Chevalot I. Supercritical CO₂ extraction of oil, fatty acids and flavonolignans from milk thistle seeds: Evaluation of their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:275-82. [PMID: 26172510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The optimal conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) (160-220 bars, 40-80 °C) technology combined with co-solvent (ethanol), to recover oil, flavonolignans (silychristin, silydianin and silybinin) and fatty acids from milk thistle seeds, to be used as food additives and/or nutraceuticals, were studied. Moreover, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the SC-CO2 oil seeds extracts were evaluated in Caco-2 carcinoma cells. Pressure and temperature had a significant effect on oil and flavonolignans recovery, although there was not observed a clear trend. SC-CO2 with co-solvent extraction at 220 bars, 40 °C was the optimum treatment to recover oil (30.8%) and flavonolignans from milk thistle seeds. Moreover, linoleic (47.64-66.70%), and oleic (19.68-24.83%) acids were the predominant fatty acids in the oil extracts recovered from milk thistle under SC-CO2. In addition, SC-CO2 extract showed a high antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and ABTS tests. Cytotoxic activities of silychristin, silydianin and silybinin and the obtained SC-CO2 extract (220 bars, 40 °C) were evaluated against Caco-2 cells. The SC-CO2 extract inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells in a dose-responsive manner and induced the highest percentage of mortality of Caco-2 cells (from 43 to 71% for concentrations from 10 up to 100 μg/ml of SC-CO2 oil seeds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Ben Rahal
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés UMR CNRS 7274, Université de Lorraine, 1, rue Grandville BP20451, 54001 Nancy, France.
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Danielle Barth
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés UMR CNRS 7274, Université de Lorraine, 1, rue Grandville BP20451, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Chevalot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés UMR CNRS 7274, Université de Lorraine, 1, rue Grandville BP20451, 54001 Nancy, France
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Aguiló-Aguayo I, Suarez M, Plaza L, Hossain MB, Brunton N, Lyng JG, Rai DK. Optimization of pulsed electric field pre-treatments to enhance health-promoting glucosinolates in broccoli flowers and stalk. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1868-1875. [PMID: 25171771 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment variables (electric field strength and treatment time) on the glucosinolate content of broccoli flowers and stalks was evaluated. Samples were subjected to electric field strengths from 1 to 4 kV cm(-1) and treatment times from 50 to 1000 µs at 5 Hz. RESULTS Data fitted significantly (P < 0.0014) the proposed second-order response functions. The results showed that PEF combined treatment conditions of 4 kV cm(-1) for 525 and 1000 µs were optimal to maximize glucosinolate levels in broccoli flowers (ranging from 187.1 to 212.5%) and stalks (ranging from 110.6 to 203.0%) respectively. The predicted values from the developed quadratic polynomial equation were in close agreement with the actual experimental values, with low average mean deviations (E%) ranging from 0.59 to 8.80%. CONCLUSION The use of PEF processing at moderate conditions could be a suitable method to stimulate production of broccoli with high health-promoting glucosinolate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, E-25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel Suarez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University Rovira and Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lucia Plaza
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, E-25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mohammad B Hossain
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Nigel Brunton
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - James G Lyng
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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Garzón A, Bravo I, Carrión-Jiménez MR, Rubio-Moraga Á, Albaladejo J. Spectroscopic study on binding of gentisic acid to bovine serum albumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 150:26-33. [PMID: 26010705 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of (gentisic acid) GA with (bovine serum albumin) BSA has been studied by different spectroscopic techniques. GA is a monoanionic specie at the working pH of 7.4, it was determined by combining UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. A set of fluorescence quenching experiments at different temperatures was carried out employing the native fluorescence of BSA. A Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) of (2.07±0.12)×10(4) mol(-1) L and a binding constant (Ka) of (8.47±4.39)×10(3) were determined at 310 K. The static quenching caused by the BSA-GA complex formation seems to play a significant role in the overall quenching process. A single binding site on BSA for GA was observed. ΔH=-55.6±0.2 kJ mol(-1) and ΔS=-104.3±0.6 J mol(-1) K(-1) were determined in a set of experiments on the dependence of Ka with the temperature. The binding process is, therefore, spontaneous and enthalpy-driven. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds could also play the major role in the binding mode. The secondary structure changes of BSA in the absence and presence of GA were studied by FTIR and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Garzón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de los estudiantes, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Iván Bravo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de los estudiantes, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - M Rosario Carrión-Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de los estudiantes, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de los estudiantes, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Kazimierczak R, Hallmann E, Lipowski J, Drela N, Kowalik A, Püssa T, Matt D, Luik A, Gozdowski D, Rembiałkowska E. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and naturally fermented beetroot juices from organic and conventional production: metabolomics, antioxidant levels and anticancer activity. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2618-29. [PMID: 24798659 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the paper was to determine the level of antioxidants and metabolomic fingerprinting in both raw beetroots and naturally fermented beetroot juices from organic (ORG) versus conventional (CONV) production. In addition, the anticancer properties of the fermented beetroot juices were evaluated. RESULTS The obtained results showed that ORG fresh beetroots contained significantly more dry matter, vitamin C and some individual phenolic compounds than CONV beetroots. The content of total phenolic acids was significantly higher in CONV beetroots compared with the ORG ones. The level of flavonoids was similar in ORG and CONV beetroots. There were only slight differences in the chemical composition of ORG and CONV beetroot juices. Metabolomic analysis provided a possibility to distinguish clearly between ORG and CONV fermented beetroot juices. However, this method was less useful in the case of fresh whole beetroots. It was found that anticancer activity was stronger in the case of ORG fermented juices when compared with CONV ones. CONCLUSION The obtained results indicate that ORG- and CONV-produced beetroots and fermented beetroot juices have different chemical properties and different impacts on cancer cells. It is necessary to continue research on this topic in order to confirm and understand the achieved results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kazimierczak
- Department of Functional and Organic Food and Commodities, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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Murakami A, Kuwahara S, Takahashi Y, Ito C, Furukawa H, Ju-Ichi M, Koshimizu K. In Vitro Absorption and Metabolism of Nobiletin, a Chemopreventive Polymethoxyflavonoid in Citrus Fruits. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 65:194-7. [PMID: 11272829 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The polymethoxyflavonoid (PMF), nobiletin (NOB), specifically occurs in citrus fruits, and is currently believed to be a promising anti-inflammatory and antitumor promoting agent. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro absorption and metabolism of NOB and compared them with those of the polyhydroxyflavonoid (PHF), luteolin (LT). NOB preferentially accumulated in a differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer, which is a model for small intestinal epithelial cells, while LT did not. Treatment of NOB with a rat liver S-9 mixture led to the formation of 3'-demethyl-NOB, while that of LT did not. We thus suggest that PMFs including NOB have properties distinct from those of general flavonoids for absorption and metabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murakami
- Department of Biotechnological Science, Faculty of Biology-oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama, Japan
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Pawlikowska-Pawlęga B, Misiak LE, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Zarzyka B, Paduch R, Gawron A, Gruszecki WI. Biophysical characterization of genistein-membrane interaction and its correlation with biological effect on cells - The case of EYPC liposomes and human erythrocyte membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1838:2127-38. [PMID: 24813834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With application of EPR and (1)H NMR techniques genistein interaction with liposomes formed with egg yolk lecithin and with erythrocyte membranes was assessed. The present study addressed the problem of genistein localization and its effects on lipid membrane fluidity and protein conformation. The range of microscopic techniques was employed to study genistein effects on HeLa cells and human erythrocytes. Moreover, DPPH bioassay, superoxide anion radical test and enzymatic measurements were performed in HeLa cells subjected to genistein. The gathered results from both EPR and NMR techniques indicated strong ordering effect of genistein on the motional freedom of lipids in the head group region and the adjacent hydrophobic zone in liposomal as well as in red blood cell membranes. EPR study of human ghost showed also the changes in the erythrocyte membrane protein conformation. The membrane effects of genistein were correlated with the changes in internal membranes arrangement of HeLa cells as it was noticed using transmission electron microscopic and fluorescent techniques. Scanning electron and light microscopy methods showed that one of the aftermaths of genistein incorporation into membranes was creation of echinocytic form of the red blood cells with reduced diameter. Genistein improved redox status of HeLa cells treated with H2O2 by lowering radicals' level. In conclusion, the capacity of genistein to incorporate, to affect membrane organization and to change its biophysical properties is correlated with the changes inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Lucjan E Misiak
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Zarzyka
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Antoni Gawron
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Brown EM, Latimer C, Allsopp P, Ternan NG, McMullan G, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Crozier A, Rowland I, Gill CIR. In vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer: antigenotoxic activity of berries. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:3852-3866. [PMID: 24447259 DOI: 10.1021/jf4050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), a common cause of cancer-related mortality globally, has strong associations with diet. There is considerable epidemiological evidence that fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of CRC. This paper reviews the extensive evidence, both from in vitro studies and animal models, that components of berry fruits can modulate biomarkers of DNA damage and that these effects may be potentially chemoprotective, given the likely role that oxidative damage plays in mutation rate and cancer risk. Human intervention trials with berries are generally consistent in indicating a capacity to significantly decrease oxidative damage to DNA, but represent limited evidence for anticarcinogenicity, relying as they do on surrogate risk markers. To understand the effects of berry consumption on colorectal cancer risk, future studies will need to be well controlled, with defined berry extracts, using suitable and clinically relevant end points and considering the importance of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, U.K
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Wang Y, Zhu R, Ni Y, Kokot S. Competitive interactions of anti-carcinogens with serum albumin: a spectroscopic study of bendamustine and dexamethasone with the aid of chemometrics. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 123:241-248. [PMID: 24398467 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the anti-carcinogens, bendamustine (BDM) and dexamethasone (DXM), with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the use of fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopies under pseudo-physiological conditions (Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4). The static mechanism was responsible for the fluorescence quenching during the interactions; the binding formation constant of the BSA-BDM complex and the binding number were 5.14×10(5)Lmol(-1) and 1.0, respectively. Spectroscopic studies for the formation of BDM-BSA complex were interpreted with the use of multivariate curve resolution - alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), which supported the complex formation. The BSA samples treated with site markers (warfarin - site I and ibuprofen - site II) were reacted separately with BDM and DXM; while both anti-carcinogens bound to site I, the binding constants suggested that DXM formed a more stable complex. Relative concentration profiles and the fluorescence spectra associated with BDM, DXM and BSA, were recovered simultaneously from the full fluorescence excitation-emission data with the use of the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) method. The results confirmed that on addition of DXM to the BDM-BSA complex, the BDM was replaced and the DXM-BSA complex formed; free BDM was released. This finding may have consequences for the transport of these drugs during any anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yongnian Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Serge Kokot
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia.
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Koutsouki E. New mechanism of action discovered for anticarcinogenic natural compound. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:494. [PMID: 24795920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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Haza AI, Morales P. Spanish honeys protect against food mutagen-induced DNA damage. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2995-3000. [PMID: 23504582 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey contains a variety of polyphenols and represents a good source of antioxidants, while the human diet often contains compounds that can cause DNA damage. The present study investigated the protective effect of three commercial honey samples of different floral origin (rosemary, heather and heterofloral) from Madrid Autonomic Community (Spain) as well as an artificial honey on DNA damage induced by dietary mutagens, using a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) as in vitro model system and evaluation by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay. RESULTS Rosemary, heather and heterofloral honeys protected against DNA strand breaks induced by N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), but none of the honey samples tested prevented DNA strand breaks induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Heterofloral and heather (unifloral) honeys with higher phenolic content were most effective in protecting HepG2 cells against DNA damage induced by food mutagens. Heterofloral honey was more protective against NPYR and BaP, while heather honey was more protective against PhIP. Artificial honey did not show a protective effect against DNA damage induced by any of the food mutagens tested, indicating that the protective effects of honeys could not be due to their sugar components. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the protective effect of three kinds of Spanish honey of different floral origin could be attributed in part to the phenolics present in the samples. Honeys with higher phenolic content, i.e. heather and heterofloral honeys, were most effective in protecting against food mutagen-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. In addition, a possible synergistic effect between other minor honey components could also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Haza
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Ávila FW, Faquin V, Yang Y, Ramos SJ, Guilherme LRG, Thannhauser TW, Li L. Assessment of the anticancer compounds Se-methylselenocysteine and glucosinolates in Se-biofortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) sprouts and florets. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6216-23. [PMID: 23763668 DOI: 10.1021/jf4016834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is a rich source of chemopreventive compounds. Here, we evaluated and compared the effect of selenium (Se) treatment on the accumulation of anticancer compounds Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSCys) and glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts and florets. Total Se and SeMSCys content in sprouts increased concomitantly with increasing Se doses. Selenate was superior to selenite in inducing total Se accumulation, but selenite is equally effective as selenate in promoting SeMSCys synthesis in sprouts. Increasing sulfur doses reduced total Se and SeMSCys content in sprouts treated with selenate, but not in those with selenite. Examination of five broccoli cultivars reveals that sprouts generally have better fractional ability than florets to convert inorganic Se into SeMSCys. Distinctive glucosinolate profiles between sprouts and florets were observed, and sprouts contained approximately 6-fold more glucoraphanin than florets. In contrast to florets, glucosinolate content was not affected by Se treatment in sprouts. Thus, Se-enriched broccoli sprouts are excellent for simultaneous accumulation of chemopreventive compounds SeMSCys and glucoraphanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio William Ávila
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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35
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Abstract
Mammary adipose tissue may contribute to breast cancer development and progression by altering neighboring epithelial cell behavior and phenotype through paracrine signaling. Dietary exposure to soy foods is associated with lower mammary tumor risk and reduced body weight and adiposity in humans and in rodent breast cancer models. Despite the suggested linkage between obesity and breast cancer, the local influence of bioactive dietary components on mammary adiposity for antitumor effects remains unknown. Herein, we report that post-weaning dietary exposure to soy protein isolate and its bioactive isoflavone genistein (GEN) lowered mammary adiposity and increased mammary tumor suppressor PTEN and E-cadherin expression in female mice, relative to control casein diet. To ascertain GEN's role in mammary adipose deposition that may affect underlying epithelial cell phenotype, we evaluated GEN's effects on SV40-immortalized mouse mammary stromal fibroblast-like (MSF) cells during differentiation into adipocytes. MSF cells cultured in a differentiation medium with 40 nM GEN showed reductions in mature adipocyte numbers, triglyceride accumulation, and Pparγ (Pparg) and fatty acid synthase transcript levels. GEN inhibition of adipose differentiation was accompanied by increased estrogen receptor β (Erβ (Esr2)) gene expression and was modestly recapitulated by ERβ-selective agonist 2,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN). Reduction of Erβ expression by siRNA targeting increased Pparγ transcript levels and stromal fibroblast differentiation into mature adipocytes; the latter was reversed by GEN but not by DPN. Conditioned medium from GEN-treated adipocytes diminished anchorage-independent mammosphere formation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Our results suggest a mechanistic pathway to support direct regulation of mammary adiposity by GEN for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theresa E Montales
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
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Singha Roy A, Tripathy DR, Chatterjee A, Dasgupta S. The influence of common metal ions on the interactions of the isoflavone genistein with bovine serum albumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 102:393-402. [PMID: 23237845 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of genistein with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been characterized via UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and Circular Dichroism (CD) measurements under physiological conditions. In this study, we have investigated the effect of some common metal ions on the binding of genistein with BSA using fluorescence studies. The fluorescence data reveal that the binding affinity of genistein to BSA increases in presence of certain metal ions. The possibility of non-radiative energy transition from the donor tryptophan to the acceptor genistein has been observed in absence and presence of metal ions. The observed similarities in the values of efficiency of energy transfer (E) and the separation between the donor and acceptor (r) in both the cases may be correlated with the complexation between the genistein and metal ions, which is also observed from the UV-vis studies. The changes in enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) of the interaction were found to be -14.64 kJ mol(-1) and +42.75 J mol(-1)K(-1) respectively. These values indicate the involvement of electrostatic interactions along with a hydrophobic association that results in a positive entropy change. CD analysis shows that there is a slight increase in the% α-helical content of BSA on binding with genistein at lower molar ratios. Warfarin and ibuprofen displacement studies in accordance with the molecular docking show that genistein binds to site I (subdomain IIA) of BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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37
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Turk HF, Chapkin RS. Membrane lipid raft organization is uniquely modified by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:43-7. [PMID: 22515942 PMCID: PMC3404206 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil, enriched in bioactive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), has been shown to play a role in prevention of colon cancer. The effects of n-3 PUFA are pleiotropic and multifaceted, resulting in an incomplete understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action. Here, we focus on a highly conserved mechanism of n-3 PUFA, which is the alteration of the organization of the plasma membrane. We highlight recent work demonstrating that enrichment of n-3 PUFA in the plasma membrane alters the lateral organization of membrane signaling assemblies (i.e. lipid rafts). This mechanism is central for n-3 PUFA regulation of downstream signaling, T-cell activation, transcriptional activation, and cytokine secretion. We conclude that these studies provide strong evidence for a predominant mechanism by which n-3 PUFA function in colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmony F Turk
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and the Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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38
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Zhang X, Wang J, Fan Y, Yang L, Wang L, Ma J. Zinc supplementation attenuates high glucose-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:229-35. [PMID: 22639383 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in preventing many types of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven fibrosis in vivo. But its function in the EMT of the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) remains unknown. Here, we studied the Zn effect on the high glucose (HG)-induced EMT in the rat PMCs (RPMCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that Zn supplementation significantly inhibited TGF-β1 and ROS production, and attenuated the HG-induced EMT in the RPMCs, likely through inhibition of MAPK, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
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39
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Abstract
Selenium and zinc are well-known essential trace elements with potent biological functions. However, the possible health benefits of the combined administration of dietary selenium and zinc have not been studied extensively. In this study, we prepared selenium- and zinc-enriched mushrooms (SZMs) containing increased levels of selenium and zinc. The effects of SZMs on antioxidant and antitumor activities were evaluated. Mice were fed with either a control diet or a diet supplemented with SZMs or sodium selenite and zinc sulfate for 6 weeks. Antioxidant capacity was investigated by measuring the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of lipid peroxide products. Results showed that treatment with SZMs significantly increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and lipofuscin. Furthermore, using a mouse model of lung tumors, we found that SZMs significantly decreased the number of tumor nodes with an increase in the activity of GPx. SZMs had a greater effect on the increase in both antioxidant and antitumor activities than did sodium selenite and zinc sulfate. These findings suggest that SZMs may be effective for improving antioxidant capacity and preventing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, China
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40
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Attili D, Jenkins B, Aslam MN, Dame MK, Varani J. Growth control in colon epithelial cells: gadolinium enhances calcium-mediated growth regulation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:467-76. [PMID: 23008064 PMCID: PMC3661021 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium, a member of the lanthanoid family of transition metals, interacts with calcium-binding sites on proteins and other biological molecules. The overall goal of the present investigation was to determine if gadolinium could enhance calcium-induced epithelial cell growth inhibition in the colon. Gadolinium at concentrations as low as 1-5 μM combined with calcium inhibits proliferation of human colonic epithelial cells more effectively than calcium alone. Gadolinium had no detectable effect on calcium-induced differentiation in the same cells based on change in cell morphology, induction of E-cadherin synthesis, and translocation of E-cadherin from the cytosol to the cell surface. When the colon epithelial cells were treated with gadolinium and then exposed to increased calcium concentrations, movement of extracellular calcium into the cell was suppressed. In contrast, gadolinium treatment had no effect on ionomycin-induced release of stored intracellular calcium into the cytoplasm. Whether these in vitro observations can be translated into an approach for reducing abnormal proliferation in the colonic mucosa (including polyp formation) is not known. These results do, however, provide an explanation for our recent findings that a multi-mineral supplement containing all of the naturally occurring lanthanoid metals including gadolinium are more effective than calcium alone in preventing colon polyp formation in mice on a high-fat diet.
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Chen H, Yao K, Nadas J, Bode AM, Malakhova M, Oi N, Li H, Lubet RA, Dong Z. Prediction of molecular targets of cancer preventing flavonoid compounds using computational methods. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38261. [PMID: 22693608 PMCID: PMC3365021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based polyphenols (i.e., phytochemicals) have been used as treatments for human ailments for centuries. The mechanisms of action of these plant-derived compounds are now a major area of investigation. Thousands of phytochemicals have been isolated, and a large number of them have shown protective activities or effects in different disease models. Using conventional approaches to select the best single or group of best chemicals for studying the effectiveness in treating or preventing disease is extremely challenging. We have developed and used computational-based methodologies that provide efficient and inexpensive tools to gain further understanding of the anticancer and therapeutic effects exerted by phytochemicals. Computational methods involving virtual screening, shape and pharmacophore analysis and molecular docking have been used to select chemicals that target a particular protein or enzyme and to determine potential protein targets for well-characterized as well as for novel phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ke Yao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janos Nadas
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Margarita Malakhova
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Naomi Oi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Haitao Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ronald A. Lubet
- The National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Chen H, Lv L, Soroka D, Warin RF, Parks TA, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Chen X, Sang S. Metabolism of [6]-shogaol in mice and in cancer cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:742-53. [PMID: 22246389 PMCID: PMC3310425 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.043331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger has received extensive attention because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. However, the metabolic fate of its major components is still unclear. In the present study, the metabolism of [6]-shogaol, one of the major active components in ginger, was examined for the first time in mice and in cancer cells. Thirteen metabolites were detected and identified, seven of which were purified from fecal samples collected from [6]-shogaol-treated mice. Their structures were elucidated as 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-4-decen-3-ol (M6), 5-methoxy-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one (M7), 3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl-decan-3-one (M8), 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-ol (M9), 5-methylthio-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one (M10), 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one (M11), and 5-methylthio-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-ol (M12) on the basis of detailed analysis of their (1)H, (13)C, and two-dimensional NMR data. The rest of the metabolites were identified as 5-cysteinyl-M6 (M1), 5-cysteinyl-[6]-shogaol (M2), 5-cysteinylglycinyl-M6 (M3), 5-N-acetylcysteinyl-M6 (M4), 5-N-acetylcysteinyl-[6]-shogaol (M5), and 5-glutathiol-[6]-shogaol (M13) by analysis of the MS(n) (n = 1-3) spectra and comparison to authentic standards. Among the metabolites, M1 through M5, M10, M12, and M13 were identified as the thiol conjugates of [6]-shogaol and its metabolite M6. M9 and M11 were identified as the major metabolites in four different cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, H-1299, and CL-13), and M13 was detected as a major metabolite in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. We further showed that M9 and M11 are bioactive compounds that can inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. Our results suggest that 1) [6]-shogaol is extensively metabolized in these two models, 2) its metabolites are bioactive compounds, and 3) the mercapturic acid pathway is one of the major biotransformation pathways of [6]-shogaol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Chen
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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43
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Williams KM, Martin WE, Smith J, Williams BS, Garner BL. Production of protocatechuic acid in Bacillus Thuringiensis ATCC33679. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3765-3772. [PMID: 22489181 PMCID: PMC3317741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid, or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, is produced by both soil and marine bacteria in the free form and as the iron binding component of the siderophore petrobactin. The soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ATCC 33679, contains the asb operon, but does not produce petrobactin. Iron restriction resulted in diminished B. thuringiensis kurstaki ATCC 33679 growth and the production of catechol(s). The gene product responsible for protocatechuic acid (asbF) and its receptor (fatB) were expressed during stationary phase growth. Gene expression varied with growth temperature, with optimum levels occurring well below the Bacillus anthracis virulence temperature of 37 °C. Regulation of protocatechuic acid suggests a possible role for this compound during soil growth cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimtrele M. Williams
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
| | - William E. Martin
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
| | - Justin Smith
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
| | - Baraka S. Williams
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Bianca L. Garner
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-601-977-7933; Fax: +1-601-977-7898
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44
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Ford NA, Erdman JW. Are lycopene metabolites metabolically active? Acta Biochim Pol 2012; 59:1-4. [PMID: 22428115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is the most abundant carotenoid found in tomatoes and thus has been touted as the bioactive component for the reduced risk of chronic diseases such as prostate cancer. We and others hypothesize that lycopene metabolites are responsible for positively modulating biomarkers and risk factors for the prevention of chronic diseases. Lycopene metabolites circulate in serum and accumulate in tissues at concentrations equivalent to bioactive retinoids. Recent studies report that lycopene metabolites reduce the proliferation of cancer cells, induce apoptosis, enhance gap junction communication between cells, alter normal cell cycle progression, and modulate androgen signaling pathways. Here we review recent literature and provide new evidence to suggest that lycopene metabolites may be bioactive at physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, USA
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45
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Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Yu R, van Breemen RB, Asolkar RN, Murphy BT, Fenical W, Pezzuto JM. Novel marine phenazines as potential cancer chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory agents. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:451-464. [PMID: 22412812 PMCID: PMC3297008 DOI: 10.3390/md10020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new (1 and 2) and one known phenazine derivative (lavanducyanin, 3) were isolated and identified from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. (strain CNS284). In mammalian cell culture studies, compounds 1, 2 and 3 inhibited TNF-α-induced NFκB activity (IC50 values of 4.1, 24.2, and 16.3 μM, respectively) and LPS-induced nitric oxide production (IC50 values of >48.6, 15.1, and 8.0 μM, respectively). PGE2 production was blocked with greater efficacy (IC50 values of 7.5, 0.89, and 0.63 μM, respectively), possibly due to inhibition of cyclooxygenases in addition to the expression of COX-2. Treatment of cultured HL-60 cells led to dose-dependent accumulation in the subG1 compartment of the cell cycle, as a result of apoptosis. These data provide greater insight on the biological potential of phenazine derivatives, and some guidance on how various substituents may alter potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/isolation & purification
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/chemistry
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/isolation & purification
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/metabolism
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aquatic Organisms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Drug Discovery
- Fermentation
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Phenazines/chemistry
- Phenazines/isolation & purification
- Phenazines/metabolism
- Phenazines/pharmacology
- Streptomyces/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P. Kondratyuk
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (T.P.K.); (E.-J.P.)
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (T.P.K.); (E.-J.P.)
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.Y.); (R.B.B.); (B.T.M.)
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.Y.); (R.B.B.); (B.T.M.)
| | - Ratnakar N. Asolkar
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.N.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Brian T. Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.Y.); (R.B.B.); (B.T.M.)
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.N.A.); (W.F.)
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.N.A.); (W.F.)
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (T.P.K.); (E.-J.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-808-933-2909; Fax: +1-808-933-2981
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46
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Zihlif M, Afifi F, Muhtaseb R, Al-Khatib S, Abaza I, Naffa R. Screening the antiangiogenic activity of medicinal plants grown and sold in Jordan. Planta Med 2012; 78:297-301. [PMID: 22174075 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth, invasion, and metastasis of most solid tumors and has become a valuable pharmacological target for cancer prevention and treatment. This study was performed to assess the antiangiogenic activity of 31 medicinal plants grown and sold in Jordan. The antiangiogenic activity was assessed using the rat aortic ring assay. Out of 31 extracts, 15 extracts showed more than 50 % inhibition of the blood vessels outgrowth from the primary tissue explants (p = 0.000). Three of these 15 extracts showed a potential cytotoxic effect on normal fibroblast cells. Four extracts shared antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activity towards MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Eight extracts demonstrated selective antiangiogenic activity. This is the first report demonstrating the potential antiangiogenic activity of Artemisia judaica, Aloysia citriodora, Salvia egyptiaca, and Calendula arvensis. Some extracts with antiangiogenic activity exhibited selectivity against the endothelial cells proliferation, demonstrating a direct inhibitory activity against the key step in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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47
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Ramos AA, Pedro D, Collins AR, Pereira-Wilson C. Protection by Salvia extracts against oxidative and alkylation damage to DNA in human HCT15 and CO115 cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2012; 75:765-75. [PMID: 22788364 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.689804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by oxidative and alkylating agents contributes to carcinogenesis, leading to possible mutations if replication proceeds without proper repair. However, some alkylating agents are used in cancer therapy due to their ability to induce DNA damage and subsequently apoptosis of tumor cells. In this study, the genotoxic effects of oxidative hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and alkylating agents N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitosourea (BCNU) agents were examined in two colon cell lines (HCT15 and CO115). DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay with and without lesion-specific repair enzymes. Genotoxic agents were used for induction of DNA damage in both cell lines. Protective effects of extracts of three Salvia species, Salvia officinalis (SO), Salvia fruticosa (SF), and Salvia lavandulifolia (SL), against DNA damage induced by oxidative and alkylating agents were also determined. SO and SF protected against oxidative DNA damage in HCT15 cells. SO and SL decreased DNA damage induced by MNU in CO115 cells. In addition to chemopreventive effects of sage plant extracts, it was also important to know whether these plant extracts may interfere with alkylating agents such as BCNU used in cancer therapy, decreasing their efficacy. Our results showed that sage extracts tested and rosmarinic acid (RA), the main constituent, protected CO115 cells from DNA damage induced by BCNU. In HCT15 cells, only SF induced a reduction in BCNU-induced DNA damage. Sage water extracts and RA did not markedly change DNA repair protein expression in either cell line. Data showed that sage tea protected colon cells against oxidative and alkylating DNA damage and may also interfere with efficacy of alkylating agents used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Ramos
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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48
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Izzotti A, Larghero P, Balansky R, Pfeffer U, Steele VE, De Flora S. Interplay between histopathological alterations, cigarette smoke and chemopreventive agents in defining microRNA profiles in mouse lung. Mutat Res 2011; 717:17-24. [PMID: 20974155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated alterations of microRNA expression profiles in the apparently healthy lung of mice and rats as an early response to exposure to cigarette smoke, either mainstream (MCS) or environmental, and/or to treatment with chemopreventive agents. Further on, we evaluated microRNA alterations at a later stage, when lung tumors were detectable in MCS-exposed mice. Lung samples were available from previous studies, in which strain H mice had been exposed to MCS for 4 months, starting immediately after birth, and then kept in filtered air for an additional 3 months. Some samples were from MCS-exposed mice treated either with N-acetyl-l-cysteine during pregnancy or with phenethyl isothiocyanate after weaning. The analysis of 576 mouse microRNAs showed that MCS strongly dysregulated microRNA expression and that both chemopreventive agents efficiently attenuated this trend, especially in noncancer tissue. MicroRNA expression was affected by histopathology, with specific signatures related to occurrence of pneumonia, adenoma, or bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Within pairs of samples from individual mice, microRNA analysis discriminated adenomatous tissue and especially carcinomatous tissue from the surrounding normal appearing tissue. A series of microRNA alterations characterized the sequential stages of pulmonary carcinogenesis. The involved functions included oncogene activation, inhibition of oncosuppressor genes, recruitment of undifferentiated stem cells, inflammation, inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular communications, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastatization. Thus, microRNA expression profiles in lung are dysregulated by MCS along all steps of the carcinogenesis process and depend on the interplay among exposure to noxious agents, treatment with dietary and pharmacological agents, and occurrence of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Mi L, Di Pasqua AJ, Chung FL. Proteins as binding targets of isothiocyanates in cancer prevention. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1405-13. [PMID: 21665889 PMCID: PMC3179418 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are versatile cancer-preventive compounds. Evidence from animal studies indicates that the anticarcinogenic activities of ITCs involve all the major stages of tumor growth: initiation, promotion and progression. Epidemiological studies have also shown that dietary intake of ITCs is associated with reduced risk of certain human cancers. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the chemopreventive activities of ITCs. To identify the molecular targets of ITCs is a first step to understand the molecular mechanisms of ITCs. Studies in recent years have shown that the covalent binding to certain protein targets by ITCs seems to play an important role in ITC-induced apoptosis and cell growth inhibition and other cellular effects. The knowledge gained from these studies may be used to guide future design and screen of better and more efficacious compounds. In this review, we intend to cover all potential protein targets of ITCs so far studied and summarize what are known about their binding sites and the potential biological consequences. In the end, we also offer discussions to shed light onto the relationship between protein binding and reactive oxygen species generation by ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Mi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Lissina E, Young B, Urbanus ML, Guan XL, Lowenson J, Hoon S, Baryshnikova A, Riezman I, Michaut M, Riezman H, Cowen LE, Wenk MR, Clarke SG, Giaever G, Nislow C. A systems biology approach reveals the role of a novel methyltransferase in response to chemical stress and lipid homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002332. [PMID: 22028670 PMCID: PMC3197675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using small molecule probes to understand gene function is an attractive approach that allows functional characterization of genes that are dispensable in standard laboratory conditions and provides insight into the mode of action of these compounds. Using chemogenomic assays we previously identified yeast Crg1, an uncharacterized SAM-dependent methyltransferase, as a novel interactor of the protein phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin. In this study we used a combinatorial approach that exploits contemporary high-throughput techniques available in Saccharomyces cerevisiae combined with rigorous biological follow-up to characterize the interaction of Crg1 with cantharidin. Biochemical analysis of this enzyme followed by a systematic analysis of the interactome and lipidome of CRG1 mutants revealed that Crg1, a stress-responsive SAM-dependent methyltransferase, methylates cantharidin in vitro. Chemogenomic assays uncovered that lipid-related processes are essential for cantharidin resistance in cells sensitized by deletion of the CRG1 gene. Lipidome-wide analysis of mutants further showed that cantharidin induces alterations in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid abundance in a Crg1-dependent manner. We propose that Crg1 is a small molecule methyltransferase important for maintaining lipid homeostasis in response to drug perturbation. This approach demonstrates the value of combining chemical genomics with other systems-based methods for characterizing proteins and elucidating previously unknown mechanisms of action of small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lissina
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Malene L. Urbanus
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Lowenson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anastasia Baryshnikova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Isabelle Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Michaut
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Guri Giaever
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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