1
|
Bonfiglio F, Henström M, Nag A, Hadizadeh F, Zheng T, Cenit MC, Tigchelaar E, Williams F, Reznichenko A, Ek WE, Rivera NV, Homuth G, Aghdassi AA, Kacprowski T, Männikkö M, Karhunen V, Bujanda L, Rafter J, Wijmenga C, Ronkainen J, Hysi P, Zhernakova A, D'Amato M. A GWAS meta-analysis from 5 population-based cohorts implicates ion channel genes in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13358. [PMID: 29673008 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows genetic predisposition, however, large-scale, powered gene mapping studies are lacking. We sought to exploit existing genetic (genotype) and epidemiological (questionnaire) data from a series of population-based cohorts for IBS genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their meta-analysis. METHODS Based on questionnaire data compatible with Rome III Criteria, we identified a total of 1335 IBS cases and 9768 asymptomatic individuals from 5 independent European genotyped cohorts. Individual GWAS were carried out with sex-adjusted logistic regression under an additive model, followed by meta-analysis using the inverse variance method. Functional annotation of significant results was obtained via a computational pipeline exploiting ontology and interaction networks, and tissue-specific and gene set enrichment analyses. KEY RESULTS Suggestive GWAS signals (P ≤ 5.0 × 10-6 ) were detected for 7 genomic regions, harboring 64 gene candidates to affect IBS risk via functional or expression changes. Functional annotation of this gene set convincingly (best FDR-corrected P = 3.1 × 10-10 ) highlighted regulation of ion channel activity as the most plausible pathway affecting IBS risk. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES Our results confirm the feasibility of population-based studies for gene-discovery efforts in IBS, identify risk genes and loci to be prioritized in independent follow-ups, and pinpoint ion channels as important players and potential therapeutic targets warranting further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bonfiglio
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Henström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Nag
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England
| | - F Hadizadeh
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Zheng
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M C Cenit
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Tigchelaar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Williams
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England
| | - A Reznichenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W E Ek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N V Rivera
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kacprowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Bujanda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
| | - P Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - A Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M D'Amato
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Bilbao, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hadizadeh F, Bonfiglio F, Belheouane M, Vallier M, Sauer S, Bang C, Bujanda L, Andreasson A, Agreus L, Engstrand L, Talley NJ, Rafter J, Baines JF, Walter S, Franke A, D’Amato M. Faecal microbiota composition associates with abdominal pain in the general population. Gut 2018; 67:778-779. [PMID: 28765473 PMCID: PMC6058062 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hadizadeh
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Marie Vallier
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (BIMSB/BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Clinical Genomics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA,Australian GI Research Alliance (AGIRA), Australia
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John F Baines
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Susanna Walter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain,Department of Medicine, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,IKERBASQUE, Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Henström M, Diekmann L, Bonfiglio F, Hadizadeh F, Kuech EM, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Thingholm LB, Zheng T, Assadi G, Dierks C, Heine M, Philipp U, Distl O, Money ME, Belheouane M, Heinsen FA, Rafter J, Nardone G, Cuomo R, Usai-Satta P, Galeazzi F, Neri M, Walter S, Simrén M, Karling P, Ohlsson B, Schmidt PT, Lindberg G, Dlugosz A, Agreus L, Andreasson A, Mayer E, Baines JF, Engstrand L, Portincasa P, Bellini M, Stanghellini V, Barbara G, Chang L, Camilleri M, Franke A, Naim HY, D'Amato M. Functional variants in the sucrase-isomaltase gene associate with increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2018; 67:263-270. [PMID: 27872184 PMCID: PMC5563477 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IBS is a common gut disorder of uncertain pathogenesis. Among other factors, genetics and certain foods are proposed to contribute. Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is a rare genetic form of disaccharide malabsorption characterised by diarrhoea, abdominal pain and bloating, which are features common to IBS. We tested sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene variants for their potential relevance in IBS. DESIGN We sequenced SI exons in seven familial cases, and screened four CSID mutations (p.Val557Gly, p.Gly1073Asp, p.Arg1124Ter and p.Phe1745Cys) and a common SI coding polymorphism (p.Val15Phe) in a multicentre cohort of 1887 cases and controls. We studied the effect of the 15Val to 15Phe substitution on SI function in vitro. We analysed p.Val15Phe genotype in relation to IBS status, stool frequency and faecal microbiota composition in 250 individuals from the general population. RESULTS CSID mutations were more common in patients than asymptomatic controls (p=0.074; OR=1.84) and Exome Aggregation Consortium reference sequenced individuals (p=0.020; OR=1.57). 15Phe was detected in 6/7 sequenced familial cases, and increased IBS risk in case-control and population-based cohorts, with best evidence for diarrhoea phenotypes (combined p=0.00012; OR=1.36). In the population-based sample, 15Phe allele dosage correlated with stool frequency (p=0.026) and Parabacteroides faecal microbiota abundance (p=0.0024). The SI protein with 15Phe exhibited 35% reduced enzymatic activity in vitro compared with 15Val (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS SI gene variants coding for disaccharidases with defective or reduced enzymatic activity predispose to IBS. This may help the identification of individuals at risk, and contribute to personalising treatment options in a subset of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Henström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Diekmann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Hadizadeh
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva-Maria Kuech
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Louise B Thingholm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tenghao Zheng
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghazaleh Assadi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Dierks
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Heine
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Philipp
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mary E Money
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Meritus Medical Center, Hagerstown, Maryland, USA
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Femke-Anouska Heinsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerardo Nardone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Cuomo
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Digestive Motility Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Usai-Satta
- S.C. Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Neri
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and CeSi, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Susanna Walter
- Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pontus Karling
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greger Lindberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aldona Dlugosz
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emeran Mayer
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Oppenheimer Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lin Chang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Oppenheimer Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian and IKERBASQUE, Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain,Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Henström M, Hadizadeh F, Beyder A, Bonfiglio F, Zheng T, Assadi G, Rafter J, Bujanda L, Agreus L, Andreasson A, Dlugosz A, Lindberg G, Schmidt PT, Karling P, Ohlsson B, Talley NJ, Simren M, Walter S, Wouters M, Farrugia G, D'Amato M. TRPM8 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of IBS-C and IBS-M. Gut 2017; 66:1725-1727. [PMID: 27974553 PMCID: PMC5561393 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Henström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Hadizadeh
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,School of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tenghao Zheng
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghazaleh Assadi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aldona Dlugosz
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greger Lindberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Karling
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Magnus Simren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna Walter
- Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mira Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Bilbao, Spain,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Westerlind H, Mellander MR, Bresso F, Munch A, Bonfiglio F, Assadi G, Rafter J, Hübenthal M, Lieb W, Källberg H, Brynedal B, Padyukov L, Halfvarson J, Törkvist L, Bjork J, Andreasson A, Agreus L, Almer S, Miehlke S, Madisch A, Ohlsson B, Löfberg R, Hultcrantz R, Franke A, D'Amato M. Dense genotyping of immune-related loci identifies HLA variants associated with increased risk of collagenous colitis. Gut 2017; 66:421-428. [PMID: 26525574 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collagenous colitis (CC) is a major cause of chronic non-bloody diarrhoea, particularly in the elderly female population. The aetiology of CC is unknown, and still poor is the understanding of its pathogenesis. This possibly involves dysregulated inflammation and immune-mediated reactions in genetically predisposed individuals, but the contribution of genetic factors to CC is underinvestigated. We systematically tested immune-related genes known to impact the risk of several autoimmune diseases for their potential CC-predisposing role. DESIGN Three independent cohorts of histologically confirmed CC cases (N=314) and controls (N=4299) from Sweden and Germany were included in a 2-step association analysis. Immunochip and targeted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data were produced, respectively, for discovery and replication purposes. Classical human leucocyte antigen (HLA) variants at 2-digit and 4-digit resolution were obtained via imputation from single marker genotypes. SNPs and HLA variants passing quality control filters were tested for association with CC with logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and country of origin. RESULTS Forty-two markers gave rise to genome-wide significant association signals, all contained within the HLA region on chromosome 6 (best p=4.2×10-10 for SNP rs4143332). Among the HLA variants, most pronounced risk effects were observed for 8.1 haplotype alleles including DQ2.5, which was targeted and confirmed in the replication data set (p=2.3×10-11; OR=2.06; 95% CI (1.67 to 2.55) in the combined analysis). CONCLUSIONS HLA genotype associates with CC, thus implicating HLA-related immune mechanisms in its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helga Westerlind
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie-Rose Mellander
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastrocentrum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Bresso
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastrocentrum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Munch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköpings University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghazaleh Assadi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank POPGEN, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrik Källberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Leif Törkvist
- Gastrocentrum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Bjork
- Gastrocentrum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Agreus
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Almer
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastrocentrum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Miehlke
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Madisch
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Interventional Diabetology, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert Löfberg
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sophiahemmet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Hultcrantz
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- BioCruces Health Research Institute and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hadizadeh F, Walter S, Belheouane M, Bonfiglio F, Heinsen FA, Andreasson A, Agreus L, Engstrand L, Baines JF, Rafter J, Franke A, D'Amato M. Stool frequency is associated with gut microbiota composition. Gut 2017; 66:559-560. [PMID: 27196592 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hadizadeh
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Susanna Walter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Andreasson
- Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Genomics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,BioCruces Health Research Institute and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ek WE, Reznichenko A, Ripke S, Niesler B, Zucchelli M, Rivera NV, Schmidt PT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson P, Talley NJ, Holliday EG, Houghton L, Gazouli M, Karamanolis G, Rappold G, Burwinkel B, Surowy H, Rafter J, Assadi G, Li L, Papadaki E, Gambaccini D, Marchi S, Colucci R, Blandizzi C, Barbaro R, Karling P, Walter S, Ohlsson B, Tornblom H, Bresso F, Andreasson A, Dlugosz A, Simren M, Agreus L, Lindberg G, Boeckxstaens G, Bellini M, Stanghellini V, Barbara G, Daly MJ, Camilleri M, Wouters MM, D'Amato M. Exploring the genetics of irritable bowel syndrome: a GWA study in the general population and replication in multinational case-control cohorts. Gut 2015; 64:1774-82. [PMID: 25248455 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IBS shows genetic predisposition, but adequately powered gene-hunting efforts have been scarce so far. We sought to identify true IBS genetic risk factors by means of genome-wide association (GWA) and independent replication studies. DESIGN We conducted a GWA study (GWAS) of IBS in a general population sample of 11,326 Swedish twins. IBS cases (N=534) and asymptomatic controls (N=4932) were identified based on questionnaire data. Suggestive association signals were followed-up in 3511 individuals from six case-control cohorts. We sought genotype-gene expression correlations through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-expression quantitative trait loci interactions testing, and performed in silico prediction of gene function. We compared candidate gene expression by real-time qPCR in rectal mucosal biopsies of patients with IBS and controls. RESULTS One locus at 7p22.1, which includes the genes KDELR2 (KDEL endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 2) and GRID2IP (glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2 (Grid2) interacting protein), showed consistent IBS risk effects in the index GWAS and all replication cohorts and reached p=9.31×10(-6) in a meta-analysis of all datasets. Several SNPs in this region are associated with cis effects on KDELR2 expression, and a trend for increased mucosal KDLER2 mRNA expression was observed in IBS cases compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that general population-based studies combined with analyses of patient cohorts provide good opportunities for gene discovery in IBS. The 7p22.1 and other risk signals detected in this study constitute a good starting platform for hypothesis testing in future functional investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronica E Ek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Reznichenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beate Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Zucchelli
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia V Rivera
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lesley Houghton
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Karamanolis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gudrun Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Division of Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Women's Clinic, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Division of Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Women's Clinic, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghazaleh Assadi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Papadaki
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dario Gambaccini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Santino Marchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Division of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Division of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Walter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skånes University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - Hans Tornblom
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesca Bresso
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aldona Dlugosz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simren
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Agreus
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greger Lindberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mira M Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quince C, Lundin EE, Andreasson AN, Greco D, Rafter J, Talley NJ, Agreus L, Andersson AF, Engstrand L, D'Amato M. The impact of Crohn's disease genes on healthy human gut microbiota: a pilot study. Gut 2013; 62:952-4. [PMID: 23297005 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
While several effects beneficial to health have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria, perhaps the most interesting and controversial remains that of anti-cancer activity. The vast majority of studies in this area deal with protective effects against colon cancer. There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in human subjects as a result of the consumption of probiotic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products. However, there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies. Reports in the literature, regarding the anti-cancer effects of lactic acid bacteria, fall into the following categories: in vitro studies, animal studies, epidemiological studies and human dietary intervention studies. Examples of these reports will be given in the present review. The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria may inhibit colon cancer are still poorly understood. However, several potential mechanisms are being discussed in the literature and these will also be addressed in the present review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rafter
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Mammalian brain development is initiated in utero and internal and external environmental signals can affect this process all the way until adulthood. Recent observations suggest that one such external cue is the indigenous microbiota which has been shown to affect developmental programming of the brain. This may have consequences for brain maturation and function that impact on cognitive functions later in life. This review discusses these recent findings from a developmental perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Microbiology; Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge, Sweden,Department of Biomedical Science; College of Arts and Sciences; Qatar University; Doha, Qatar·
| | - Farhana Anuar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Sultan Qaboos University; Alkoudh, Oman
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Microbiology; Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge, Sweden,Laboratory of Inflammation Biology; National Cancer Centre Singapore; Singapore, Singapore,Correspondence to: Sven Pettersson,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rafter J. 77 INVITED Probiotics and Colon Cancer Prevention. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Rijkers GT, Bengmark S, Enck P, Haller D, Herz U, Kalliomaki M, Kudo S, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Mercenier A, Myllyluoma E, Rabot S, Rafter J, Szajewska H, Watzl B, Wells J, Wolvers D, Antoine JM. Guidance for substantiating the evidence for beneficial effects of probiotics: current status and recommendations for future research. J Nutr 2010; 140:671S-6S. [PMID: 20130080 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. There is a growing interest in probiotics within the scientific community, with consumers, and in the food industry. The interactions between the gut and intestinal microbiota and between resident and transient microbiota define a new arena in physiology, an understanding of which would shed light on the "cross-talk" between humans and microbes. The different beneficial effects of specific probiotic strains may be translated into different health claims. However, there is a need for comprehensive and harmonized guidelines on the assessment of the characteristics and efficacy of probiotics and of foods containing them. An international expert group of ILSI has evaluated the published evidence of the functionality of different probiotics in 4 areas of (human) application: 1) metabolism, 2) chronic intestinal inflammatory and functional disorders, 3) infections, and 4) allergy. Based on the existing evidence, concrete examples of demonstration of benefits and gaps are listed, and guidelines and recommendations are defined that should help design the next generation of probiotic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ger T Rijkers
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rabot S, Rafter J, Rijkers GT, Watzl B, Antoine JM. Guidance for substantiating the evidence for beneficial effects of probiotics: impact of probiotics on digestive system metabolism. J Nutr 2010; 140:677S-89S. [PMID: 20107147 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have been studied for their potential impact on the metabolism of dietary components in the small intestine lumen including lactose digestion, metabolism of lipids such as cholesterol, and oxalate metabolism. In the large intestine, they contribute to the metabolism of otherwise indigestible dietary carbohydrates (e.g., prebiotics) and have a favorable effect on colonic protein and ammonia metabolism, although their effect on the digestive fate of phytochemicals and xenobiotics is still uncertain. Probiotics also influence metabolism in the host tissues, in particular the gastrointestinal mucosa and the liver. Underlying mechanisms include supply of additional enzymatic activities in the gut lumen and alterations of the composition or metabolic pattern of the gut resident microbiota. For future studies, selection of probiotic strains should include assessment of their metabolic activities, and the outcome of the intervention studies should also take into account the composition of the probiotic matrix and the background diet of the target population. New technologies such as metabolomics hold great promise for assessment of probiotics functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rabot
- INRA, UR 910 Ecology and Physiology of the Digestive Tract, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
García A, Morales P, Arranz N, Delgado ME, Rafter J, Haza AI. Antiapoptotic effects of dietary antioxidants towards N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosodibutylamine-induced apoptosis in HL-60 and HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 29:403-13. [PMID: 19301245 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of vitamin C, diallyl disulfide (DADS) and dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) towards N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)-induced apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. None of the vitamin C (5-50 microm), DADS and DPDS (1-5 microm) concentrations selected induced a significant percentage of apoptosis. In simultaneous treatments, vitamin C, DADS and DPDS reduced the apoptosis induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL-60 and HepG2 cells (around 70% of reduction). We also investigated its scavenging activities towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NPIP and NDBA using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate in both cell lines. ROS production induced by both N-nitrosamine was reduced to control levels by vitamin C (5-50 microm) in a dose-dependent manner. However, DADS (5 microm) increased ROS levels induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL-60 (40 and 20% increase, respectively) and HepG2 cells (18% increase), whereas DPDS was more efficient scavenger of ROS at the lowest concentration (1 microm) in both HL-60 (52 and 25% reduction, respectively) and HepG2 cells (24% reduction). The data demonstrated that the scavenging ability of vitamin C and DPDS could contribute to inhibition of the NPIP- and NDBA-induced apoptosis. However, more than one mechanism, such as inhibition of phase I and/or induction of phase II enzymes, could be implicated in the protective effect of dietary antioxidants towards NPIP- and NDBA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 and HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
García A, Morales P, Rafter J, Haza AI. N-Nitrosopiperidine and N-Nitrosodibutylamine induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via the caspase dependent pathway. Cell Biol Int 2009; 33:1280-6. [PMID: 19748591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) exhibited a dose and time-dependent apoptotic response following treatment with N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), two recognized human carcinogens. Our results showed a significant apoptotic cell death (95%) after 24h treatment with NDBA (3.5 mM), whereas it was necessary to use high doses of NPIP (45 mM) to obtain a similar percentage of apoptotic cells (86%). In addition, both extrinsic (caspase-8) and intrinsic pathway (caspase-9) could be implicated in the N-Nitrosamines-induced apoptosis. This study also addresses the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intermediates for apoptosis signaling. A significant increase in ROS levels was observed after NPIP treatment, whereas NDBA did not induce ROS. However, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not block NPIP-induced apoptosis. All these findings suggest that NPIP and NDBA induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via a pathway that involves caspases but not ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Björkholm B, Bok CM, Lundin A, Rafter J, Hibberd ML, Pettersson S. Intestinal microbiota regulate xenobiotic metabolism in the liver. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6958. [PMID: 19742318 PMCID: PMC2734986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is the central organ for xenobiotic metabolism (XM) and is regulated by nuclear receptors such as CAR and PXR, which control the metabolism of drugs. Here we report that gut microbiota influences liver gene expression and alters xenobiotic metabolism in animals exposed to barbiturates. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By comparing hepatic gene expression on microarrays from germfree (GF) and conventionally-raised mice (SPF), we identified a cluster of 112 differentially expressed target genes predominantly connected to xenobiotic metabolism and pathways inhibiting RXR function. These findings were functionally validated by exposing GF and SPF mice to pentobarbital which confirmed that xenobiotic metabolism in GF mice is significantly more efficient (shorter time of anesthesia) when compared to the SPF group. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that gut microbiota modulates hepatic gene expression and function by altering its xenobiotic response to drugs without direct contact with the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Björkholm
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chek Mei Bok
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annelie Lundin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lidbeck A, Övervik E, Rafter J, Nord CE, Gustafsson JÅ. Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus Supplements on Mutagen Excretion in Faeces and Urine in Humans. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609209141305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lidbeck
- Departments of Microbiology and Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Övervik
- Departments of Medical Nutrition, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute and Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Rafter
- Departments of Medical Nutrition, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute and Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. E. Nord
- Departments of Microbiology and Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of National, Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-Å. Gustafsson
- Departments of Medical Nutrition, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute and Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Delgado ME, Rafter J, Morales P. Inhibition by vitamin C of apoptosis induced byN-nitrosamines in HepG2 and HL-60 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:788-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
García A, Morales P, Arranz N, Delgado E, Rafter J, Haza AI. Induction of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production byN-nitrosopiperidine andN-nitrosodibutylamine in human leukemia cells. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:455-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
García A, Haza AI, Arranz N, Rafter J, Morales P. Protective effects of isothiocyanates alone or in combination with vitamin C towardsN-nitrosodibutylamine orN-nitrosopiperidine-induced oxidative DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:196-204. [PMID: 17582584 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of isothiocyanates alone or in combination with vitamin C towards N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) or N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP)-induced oxidative DNA damage in the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) alone showed a weak protective effect towards NDBA (0.1 microm, 26-27%, respectively) or NPIP (1 microm, 26-28%, respectively)-induced oxidative DNA damage. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) alone did not attenuate the genotoxic effect provoked by NDBA or NPIP. In contrast, HepG2 cells simultaneously treated with PEITC, I3C and AITC in combination with vitamin C showed a stronger inhibition of oxidative DNA-damage induced by NDBA (0.1 microm, 67%, 42%, 32%, respectively) or NPIP (1 microm, 50%, 73%, 63%, respectively) than isothiocyanates (ITCs) alone. One feasible mechanism by which ITCs alone or in combination with vitamin C exert their protective effects towards N-nitrosamine-induced oxidative DNA damage could be by the inhibition of their cytochrome P450 dependent bioactivation. PEITC and I3C strongly inhibited the p-nitrophenol hydroxylation (CYP2E1) activity (0.1 microm, 66-50%, respectively), while the coumarin hydroxylase (CYP2A6) activity was slightly reduced (0.1 microm, 25-37%, respectively). However, the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (CYP1A1) activity was only inhibited by PEITC (1 microm, 55%). The results indicate that PEITC and I3C alone or PEITC, I3C and AITC in combination with vitamin C protects human-derived cells against the oxidative DNA damaging effects of NDBA and NPIP, two food carcinogenic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lundin A, Bok CM, Aronsson L, Björkholm B, Gustafsson JA, Pott S, Arulampalam V, Hibberd M, Rafter J, Pettersson S. Gut flora, Toll-like receptors and nuclear receptors: a tripartite communication that tunes innate immunity in large intestine. Cell Microbiol 2007; 10:1093-103. [PMID: 18088401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Separating the large intestine from gut flora is a robust layer of epithelial cells. This barrier is armed with an array of recognizing receptors that collectively set the host innate response. Here, we use nuclear receptors (NRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), suggested to act as second messengers in the communication between microorganisms and epithelial cells, as probes to assess the impact of gut flora on innate immunity in germ-free (GF) mice. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses, we show that 37/49 NRs are expressed in colonic cells of GF mice. Of these, 5 can be modulated by resident flora: LXRalpha, RORgamma and CAR show reduced expression and Nur77 and GCNF display elevated expression in conventionally raised mice compared with GF. Moreover, increased expression levels of TLR-2 and TLR-5 are observed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice compared with GF mice, and CAR expression is connected to the TLR-2 signalling pathway. Infections of GF or SPF mice with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, show that GF intestinal epithelial cells fail to respond, except for CAR, which is downregulated. In contrast, SPF epithelial cells show a downregulation of all the NRs except CAR, which appears to be unaffected. Our findings indicate that gut flora contributes to the development of an intact barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Lundin
- Department of Microbiology, Cell and Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Rafter J, Morales P. Protective effect of vitamin C towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1311-7. [PMID: 17512695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of vitamin C towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. None of the vitamin C concentrations tested (1-10 microM) in presence or absence of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg enzyme) caused DNA damage per se. HepG2 cells simultaneously treated with vitamin C and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) or N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) reduced the genotoxic effects of the N-nitrosamines in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations of 1-5 microM vitamin C, the protective effect was higher towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage (78-79%) than against NDMA (39-55%), NDBA (12-14%) and NPIP (3-55%), in presence of Fpg enzyme. However, a concentration of 10 microM vitamin C led to a maximum reduction in NDBA (94%), NPYR (81%), NPIP (80%) and NDMA (61%)-induced oxidative DNA damage, in presence of Fpg enzyme. The greatest protective effect of vitamin C (10 microM) was higher towards NDBA-induced oxidative DNA damage. One feasible mechanism by which vitamin C exerted its protective effect is that may interact with the enzyme systems catalyzing the metabolic activation of the N-nitrosamines, blocking the production of genotoxic intermediates. Vitamin C (10 microM) strongly reduced the coumarin hydroxylase (82%) activity. However, the p-nitrophenol hydroxylase and the ethoxyresorufine O-deethylation activities were slightly and weakly reduced (32-19%), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Arranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Möller L, Rafter J, Morales P. Protective effects of organosulfur compounds towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1662-9. [PMID: 17434656 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of organosulfur compounds towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) incubated with formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), caused a significant increase in oxidative DNA damage in comparison to the solvent control, the lowest effective concentrations, being 5 and 27 mM, respectively. NPYR exerted greater genotoxic effects than NDMA. None of the organosulfur compounds (OSCs) concentrations tested in presence or absence of Fpg enzyme, caused DNA damage per se. OSCs (diallyl sulfide, DAS and dipropyl sulfide, DPS, 1-50 microM; diallyl disulfide, DADS and dipropyl disulfide, DPDS, 1-5 microM) reduced the genotoxic effects of the N-nitrosamines in a dose-dependent manner when HepG2 cells were simultaneously treated with OSCs and N-nitrosamines. The effect of NPYR was attenuated by about 61-67%, respectively, with the highest concentration of DAS (50 microM) and DADS (5 microM). The protective effect of DADS (5 microM, 66%) was higher than DAS (50 microM, 53%) towards NDMA-induced oxidative DNA damage. A concentration of 50 microM DPS and 5 microM DPDS led to a 65-63% and 59-65% reduction in NPYR/NDMA-induced oxidative DNA damage, respectively. Our results indicate that OSCs protect human-derived cells against the oxidative DNA damaging effect of NPYR and NDMA, two carcinogenic compounds which occur in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Arranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Delgado E, Rafter J, Morales P. Effects of organosulfurs, isothiocyanates and vitamin C towards hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) in human hepatoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 169:63-71. [PMID: 17603030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of organosulfurs, isothiocyanates and vitamin C towards hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage (DNA strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) in human hepatoma cells (HepG2), using the Comet assay. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) increased the levels of DNA strand breaks and oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases, in a concentration and time dependent manner. Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) reduced DNA strand breaks induced by H(2)O(2). In addition, OSCs also decreased the levels of oxidized pyrimidines. However, none of the OSCs tested reduced the levels of oxidized purines. Isothiocyanates compounds (ITCs) and vitamin C showed protective effects towards H(2)O(2)-induced DNA strand breaks and oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases. The results indicate that removal of oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases by ITCs was more efficient than by OSCs and vitamin C. Our findings suggest that OSCs, ITCs and vitamin C could exert their protective effects towards H(2)O(2)-induced DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage by the free radical-scavenging efficiency of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Arranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rafter J, Bennett M, Caderni G, Clune Y, Hughes R, Karlsson PC, Klinder A, O'Riordan M, O'Sullivan GC, Pool-Zobel B, Rechkemmer G, Roller M, Rowland I, Salvadori M, Thijs H, Van Loo J, Watzl B, Collins JK. Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:488-96. [PMID: 17284748 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.2.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggest that prebiotics and probiotics exert protective effects against tumor development in the colon, but human data supporting this suggestion are weak. OBJECTIVE The objective was to verify whether the prebiotic concept (selective interaction with colonic flora of nondigested carbohydrates) as induced by a synbiotic preparation-oligofructose-enriched inulin (SYN1) + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 (BB12)-is able to reduce the risk of colon cancer in humans. DESIGN The 12-wk randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a synbiotic food composed of the prebiotic SYN1 and probiotics LGG and BB12 was conducted in 37 colon cancer patients and 43 polypectomized patients. Fecal and blood samples were obtained before, during, and after the intervention, and colorectal biopsy samples were obtained before and after the intervention. The effect of synbiotic consumption on a battery of intermediate bio-markers for colon cancer was examined. RESULTS Synbiotic intervention resulted in significant changes in fecal flora: Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased and Clostridium perfringens decreased. The intervention significantly reduced colorectal proliferation and the capacity of fecal water to induce necrosis in colonic cells and improve epithelial barrier function in polypectomized patients. Genotoxicity assays of colonic biopsy samples indicated a decreased exposure to genotoxins in polypectomized patients at the end of the intervention period. Synbiotic consumption prevented an increased secretion of interleukin 2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the polypectomized patients and increased the production of interferon gamma in the cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Several colorectal cancer biomarkers can be altered favorably by synbiotic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rafter
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Möller L, Rafter J, Morales P. Protective effects of isothiocyanates towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. J Appl Toxicol 2006; 26:466-73. [PMID: 16871546 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of isothiocyanates towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. None of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) concentrations tested in the presence or absence of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) caused DNA damage per se. Combined treatments of HepG2 cells with phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) or indol-3-carbinol (I3C) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) reduced the genotoxic effects of the N-nitrosamines in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect of the three ITCs tested was higher towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage than against NDMA. The greatest protective effect towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage was shown by I3C (1 microM, 79%) and by PEITC (1 microM, 67%) and I3C (1 microM, 61%) towards NDMA (in presence of Fpg enzyme). However, in absence of Fpg enzyme, AITC (1 microM, 72%) exerted the most drastic reduction towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage, and PEITC (1 microM, 55%) towards NDMA. Our results indicate that ITCs protect human-derived cells against the DNA damaging effect of NPYR and NDMA, two carcinogenic compounds that occur in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Arranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yngve A, Hambraeus L, Lissner L, Serra Majem L, Vaz de Almeida MD, Berg C, Hughes R, Cannon G, Thorsdottir I, Kearney J, Gustafsson JA, Rafter J, Elmadfa I, Kennedy N. The Women's Health Initiative. What is on trial: nutrition and chronic disease? Or misinterpreted science, media havoc and the sound of silence from peers? Public Health Nutr 2006; 9:269-72. [PMID: 16571183 DOI: 10.1079/phn2006952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first results of the Women's Health Initiative dietary intervention trial were published in the USA in February. This is a colossal intervention designed to see if diets lower in fat and higher in fruits, vegetables and grains than is usual in high-income countries reduce the incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, heart disease and other chronic diseases, in women aged 50-79 years. As interpreted by US government media releases, the results were unimpressive. As interpreted by a global media blitz, the results indicate that food and nutrition has little or nothing to do with health and disease. But the trial was in key respects not reaching its aims, was methodologically controversial, and in any case has not produced the reported null results. What should the public health nutrition profession do about such messes?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Yngve
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, SE 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The aqueous phase of feces (fecal water) has been suggested to mediate the effects of diet on colon carcinogenesis. We determined whether human fecal water samples, of varying genotoxic potential, had the capacity to alter adhesion of intestinal bacteria to intestinal (Caco-2) cells. Genotoxicity of fecal water samples was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay ("comet" assay), and bacterial adhesion was measured using a well-established model system. Fecal water genotoxicity was found to correlate positively with inhibition of adhesion of Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella species, and Enterococcus faecium to Caco-2 cells. The presence of fecal water samples did not interfere with adhesion of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus species. Inhibition of adhesion by fecal water was not due to cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells as cytotoxicities of most fecal water samples were similar, nor was the inhibitory effect due to bacteriotoxicity as toxicity of fecal waters in the 10 strains of bacteria studied was not detected. Results indicate that components in fecal water may alter adhesion of intestinal bacteria to intestinal cell surfaces and that this effect may be correlated to the genotoxic potential of fecal water. This may have consequences for dietary effects on colon carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arranz N, Haza AI, García A, Möller L, Rafter J, Morales P. Retracted: Protective effects of isothiocyanates towardsN-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. J Appl Toxicol 2006; 26:493-9. [PMID: 17080405 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of isothiocyanates towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. None of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) concentrations tested in the presence or absence of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), caused DNA damage per se. Combined treatments of HepG2 cells with phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) or indol-3-carbinol (I3C) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) reduced the genotoxic effects of the N-nitrosamines in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect of the three ITCs tested was higher towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage than against NDMA. The greatest protective effect towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage was shown by I3C (1 microm, 79%) and by PEITC (1 microm, 67%) and I3C (1 microm, 61%) towards NDMA (in the presence of Fpg enzyme). However, in the absence of Fpg enzyme, AITC (1 microm, 72%) exerted the most drastic reduction towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage, and PEITC (1 microm, 55%) towards NDMA. The results indicate that ITCs protect human-derived cells against the DNA damaging effect of NPYR and NDMA, two carcinogenic compounds which occur in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Arranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sanders ME, Guarner F, Mills D, Pot B, Rafter J, Rastall B, Reid G, Ringel Y, Rowland I, Saarela M, Tuohy K. Selected topics in probiotics and prebiotics: meeting report for the 2004 international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2005; 6:55-68. [PMID: 16107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
On August 29-31, 2004, 84 academic and industry scientists from 16 countries gathered in Copper Mountain, Colorado USA to discuss certain issues at the forefront of the science of probiotics and prebiotics. The format for this invitation only meeting included six featured lectures: engineering human vaginal lactobacilli to express HIV-inhibitory molecules (Peter Lee, Stanford University), programming the gut for health (Thaddeus Stappenbeck, Washington University School of Medicine), immune modulation by intestinal helminthes (Joel Weinstock, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics), hygiene as a cause of autoimmune disorders (G. A. Rook, University College London), prebiotics and bone health (Connie Weaver, Purdue University) and prebiotics and colorectal cancer risk (Ian Rowland, Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health). In addition, all participants were included in one of eight discussion groups on the topics of engineered probiotics, host-commensal bacteria communication, 'omics' technologies, hygiene and immune regulation, biomarkers for healthy people, prebiotic and probiotic applications to companion animals, development of a probiotic dossier, and physiological relevance of prebiotic activity. Brief conclusions from these discussion groups are summarized in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Sanders
- Dairy and Food Culture Technologies, 7119 S. Glencoe Ct., Centennial, CO 80122-2526, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jenner AM, Rafter J, Halliwell B. Human fecal water content of phenolics: the extent of colonic exposure to aromatic compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 38:763-72. [PMID: 15721987 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are not completely absorbed in the small intestine and so enter the colon, where they might exert physiological effects. To identify phenolics that are present in normal human colon, fecal water was prepared from 5 free-living volunteers with no dietary restrictions and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Daily measurements were also performed on a single individual to examine the variation more closely. Levels of polyphenols were variable between individuals. Naringenin and quercetin had mean concentrations of 1.20 and 0.63 microM. All other flavonoids examined were present < or =0.17 microM. Simple phenolic and other aromatic acids were present at much higher concentrations. The major components were phenylacetic acid, 479 microM; 3-phenylpropionic acid, 166 microM; 3-(4-hydroxy)-phenylpropionic acid, 68 microM; 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 52 microM; benzoic acid, 51 microM; 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 46 microM; and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 19 microM. Other phenolic acids ranged from 0.04 to 7 microM. Decreased dietary phenolic intake caused a decrease in polyphenol and monophenolic acid concentration in fecal water 24 h later. This study is the first to measure the range of aromatic compounds in human fecal water and demonstrates that phenolic acid concentrations are high. The biological effects of phenolics may play an important role in colon function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Jenner
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Halliwell B, Rafter J, Jenner A. Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and other phenols: direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not? Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:268S-276S. [PMID: 15640490 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.268s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Foods and beverages rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, have often been associated with decreased risk of developing several diseases. However, it remains unclear whether this protective effect is attributable to the phenols or to other agents in the diet. Alleged health-promoting effects of flavonoids are usually attributed to their powerful antioxidant activities, but evidence for in vivo antioxidant effects of flavonoids is confusing and equivocal. This may be because maximal plasma concentrations, even after extensive flavonoid intake, may be low (insufficient to exert significant systemic antioxidant effects) and because flavonoid metabolites tend to have decreased antioxidant activity. Reports of substantial increases in plasma total antioxidant activity after flavonoid intake must be interpreted with caution; findings may be attributable to changes in urate concentrations. However, phenols might exert direct effects within the gastrointestinal tract, because of the high concentrations present. These effects could include binding of prooxidant iron, scavenging of reactive nitrogen, chlorine, and oxygen species, and perhaps inhibition of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. Our measurements of flavonoids and other phenols in human fecal water are consistent with this concept. We argue that tocopherols and tocotrienols may also exert direct beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract and that their return to the gastrointestinal tract by the liver through the bile may be physiologically advantageous.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary factors in the aetiology of human cancer is an area, which has attracted intense interest in recent years. The suggestion that approximately one third of all cancers may be caused by an 'inappropriate' balance of food components has led to the attractive contention that we can significantly decrease cancer incidence through dietary recommendations and a change in dietary habits in populations. Thus, a key issue must be to establish clear criteria, which must be met in order to be able to make 'cancer risk reduction' claims for food components. In this area, the one true marker is the malignant human tumour, which for practical reasons is usually not accessible to claims. In its absence, we must rely on alternative markers--biomarkers/surrogate endpoints. This paper mainly deals with the link of these biomarkers to the endpoint tumour and their usefulness for making claims. Some claims have been made based on epidemiological studies. AIM Can we identify targets/ biomarkers in the chain of events from initial 'exposure' to overt malignant tumour, whose modification can be used to make 'anticancer' claims for food components? RESULTS We identified 18 targets/markers in the above chain of events whose modification 'have the potential' to be used for 'reduction of cancer risk' claims for food components. These targets/markers fall under 5 broad headings: tumours and preneoplastic changes; cellular targets/markers; gut luminal markers; angiogenesis and metastasis; carcinogen metabolising enzymes; genetic events. CONCLUSIONS The strongest markers presently available are precancerous lesions (e. g. polyps or aberrant crypt foci) in humans and precancerous lesions and tumours in animal models. The only marker that presently can be used for a 'reduction of disease risk' claim (type B) for food components is 'polyp recurrence'. Type B claims cannot be made on the basis of results in animal models. All of the other biomarkers examined presently lack validation against the 'true endpoint', the tumour, and thus cannot be used for type B claims. 'Reduction of disease risk' claims in the area of 'diet-related cancer' should be based primarily on human intervention studies using relevant/acceptable endpoints. An important area for future research will be the validation of these surrogate endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rafter
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, S-14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Larsson SC, Rafter J, Holmberg L, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Red meat consumption and risk of cancers of the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum: The Swedish Mammography Cohort. Int J Cancer 2004; 113:829-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Although a myriad of health-promoting effects have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria, perhaps the most interesting and controversial is that of anticancer activity, the vast majority of studies in this area dealing with protective effects against colon cancer. There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of probiotic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products, but there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies. Reports in the literature regarding the anticancer effects of lactic acid bacteria fall into the categories of in vitro studies, animal studies, epidemiological studies and human dietary intervention studies. Examples of these reports will be given in the current paper. The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria may inhibit colon cancer are still poorly understood, but, several potential mechanisms are being discussed in the literature, and these will also be addressed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rafter
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, S-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pajari AM, Rajakangas J, Päivärinta E, Kosma VM, Rafter J, Mutanen M. Promotion of intestinal tumor formation by inulin is associated with an accumulation of cytosolic beta-catenin in Min mice. Int J Cancer 2003; 106:653-60. [PMID: 12866023 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, polydisperse beta (2-1) fructan, has been suggested to protect against colon carcinogenesis and is currently used in a number of food applications. However, the data regarding the role of inulin in intestinal carcinogenesis remains controversial since the results of our previous study suggested that inulin promotes intestinal tumor formation in Min mice, an animal model for intestinal cancer with a mutation in the Apc tumor suppressor gene (Carcinogenesis 2000;21:1167-73). In our present study, we further examined the effects of inulin on intestinal tumor formation in Min mice by carefully analyzing beta-catenin expression and cellular localization at 3 different time points during the tumorigenic process. Min mice were fed a high-fat inulin-enriched (10% w/w) diet or the high-fat diet without any added fiber from the age of 6 weeks to the ages of 9, 12 or 15 weeks. The results showed that inulin significantly increased the number (by 20%) and especially the size (by 44%) of adenomas in the small intestine. At week 15, the promotion of tumor development was accompanied by an accumulation of cytosolic beta-catenin in the adenoma tissue. In the normal appearing mucosa, levels of membrane beta-catenin and PCNA were reduced in the inulin-fed mice, possibly indicating impaired enterocyte migration. These data do not support the earlier suggestions on the cancer preventive effects of inulin and emphasize the need for further research and evaluation where health claims for inulin are concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Horie H, Zeisig M, Hirayama K, Midtvedt T, Möller L, Rafter J. Probiotic mixture decreases DNA adduct formation in colonic epithelium induced by the food mutagen 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole in a human-flora associated mouse model. Eur J Cancer Prev 2003; 12:101-7. [PMID: 12671533 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200304000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of probiotic bacteria such as bifidobacteria has been shown to reduce the risk of colon cancer in animal models. However, the composition and metabolic activities of the intestinal flora of experimental animals are significantly different from those of humans. The aim of the study was to examine whether the probiotic mixture, which consisted of Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus mesentericus, could decrease DNA adduct formation induced by 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (2-amino-alpha-carboline; AAC) in the colonic epithelium of a human-flora-associated (HFA) mouse model. Ten HFA mice were divided into a control group (n=4) and a probiotic group (n=6). The control group was administered AAC for 3 days and sacrificed 24 h after the last dose. The probiotic group was administered the probiotic mixture for 2 weeks prior to the administration of AAC. Analysis of DNA adducts with the 32P-high-performance liquid chromatography method was performed on stomach, jejunum and colonic epithelium, representing direct exposure sites of AAC, and colon wall, liver and kidney, representing indirect exposure sites. The mean level of the DNA adducts in the colonic epithelium of the probiotic group was significantly lower than that of control group, while the mean levels at the other sites did not differ significantly between the groups. The results indicated that the probiotic mixture could decrease the DNA adduct formation in the colonic epithelium induced by AAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Horie
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Western countries. While a myriad of healthful effects have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), perhaps the most controversial remains that of anticancer activity. It should be pointed out that there is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in man as a result of consumption of lactic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products. However, there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies, in the literature. The precise mechanisms by which LAB may inhibit colon cancer are presently unknown. However, such mechanisms might include: alteration of the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora; alteration of physico-chemical conditions in the colon; binding and degrading potential carcinogens; quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in the intestinal microflora incriminated in producing putative carcinogen(s) and promoters (e.g. bile acid-metabolising bacteria); production of antitumourigenic or antimutagenic compounds; enhancing the host's immune response; and effects on physiology of the host. These potential mechanisms are addressed in the present paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rafter
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, NOVUM, S-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rafter J. [Probiotics as dietary supplements can have a cancer-preventive effect. But the epidemiological studies are contradictory]. Lakartidningen 2001; 98:5732-4. [PMID: 11789093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Rafter
- Institutionen för medicinsk näringslära, Karolinska institutet, Novum, Huddinge Universitetssjukhus.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Westerholm R, Christensen A, Törnqvist M, Ehrenberg L, Rannug U, Sjögren M, Rafter J, Soontjens C, Almén J, Grägg K. Comparison of exhaust emissions from Swedish environmental classified diesel fuel (MK1) and European Program on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies (EPEFE) reference fuel: a chemical and biological characterization, with viewpoints on cancer risk. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:1748-54. [PMID: 11355188 DOI: 10.1021/es000113i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Diesel fuels, classified as environmentally friendly, have been available on the Swedish market since 1991. The Swedish diesel fuel classification is based upon the specification of selected fuel composition and physical properties to reduce potential environmental and health effects from direct human exposure to exhaust. The objective of the present investigation was to compare the most stringent, environmentally classified Swedish diesel fuel (MK1) to the reference diesel fuel used in the "European Program on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies" (EPEFE) program. The study compares measurements of regulated emissions, unregulated emissions, and biological tests from a Volvo truck using these fuels. The regulated emissions from these two fuels (MK1 vs EPEFE) were CO (-2.2%), HC (12%), NOx (-11%), and particulates (-11%). The emissions of aldehydes, alkenes, and carbon dioxide were basically equivalent. The emissions of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 1-nitropyrene were 88% and 98% lower than those of the EPEFE fuel, respectively. The emissions of semi-volatile PAHs and 1-nitropyrene were 77% and 80% lower than those from the EPEFE fuel, respectively. The reduction in mutagenicity of the particle extract varied from -75 to -90%, depending on the tester strain. The reduction of mutagenicity of the semi-volatile extract varied between -40 and -60%. Furthermore, the dioxin receptor binding activity was a factor of 8 times lower in the particle extracts and a factor of 4 times lower in the semi-volatile extract than that of the EPEFE fuel. In conclusion, the MK1 fuel was found to be more environmentally friendly than the EPEFE fuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Westerholm
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence is accumulating that inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity are useful for preventing human colon cancer. Therefore, it is important to determine whether agents in the colonic luminal contents can influence the transcriptional regulation of COX-2 in colonic cells. METHODS Transient transfections were performed, using a human COX-2 promoter-luciferase construct, in HCT 116 cells, and the effects of pure luminal compounds and components of fecal water, the fecal fraction in direct contact with the colonocytes, on luciferase activity studied. RESULTS The luminal compounds deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, and butyrate all induced COX-2 promoter activity in HCT 116 cells. Lipid extracts of human fecal water also induced promoter activity in these cells, and the extent of induction varied between individuals. Induction of COX-2 promoter activity by the lipid extracts was positively correlated with induction of activator protein 1-dependent gene transcription. Results also indicated that protein kinase C and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediated the effect of the luminal agents on COX-2 promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS Components in the luminal contents can effect COX-2 transcription and may influence colonic tumor development. Available data suggest that the responsible components are under dietary influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Glinghammar
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang Y, Griffiths WJ, Nordling M, Nygren J, Möller L, Bergman J, Liepinsh E, Otting G, Gustafsson JA, Rafter J, Sjövall J. Ring opening of benzo[a]pyrene in the germ-free rat is a novel pathway for formation of potentially genotoxic metabolites. Biochemistry 2000; 39:15585-91. [PMID: 11112546 DOI: 10.1021/bi001148y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is known to lead to a large number of oxygenated compounds, some of which can bind covalently to DNA. We have studied the integrated metabolism of BP in vivo in germ-free rats given (14)C-labeled BP. Urinary metabolites were separated into groups according to acidity using lipophilic ion exchangers. The groups were analyzed by mass spectrometry and were further fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The fraction of urinary metabolites previously shown to contain N-acetylcysteine and glucuronic acid conjugates was found to contain derivatives of 7-oxo-benz[d]anthracene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid as major components. These compounds, which were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR, accounted for about 30% of the total metabolites in urine, demonstrating that, surprisingly, ring opening is a major pathway for metabolism of BP in the germ-free rat. The dicarboxylic acid may be excreted in urine as an ester glucuronide. By using the single cell gel electrophoresis or COMET assay, we were able to demonstrate that the anhydride of 7-oxo-benz[d]anthracene-3, 4-dicarboxylic acid was an efficient inducer of DNA damage. Taken together, these results indicate that the novel ring opening metabolic pathway may provide alternative mechanisms for the toxicity of BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hirayama K, Baranczewski P, Akerlund JE, Midtvedt T, Möller L, Rafter J. Effects of human intestinal flora on mutagenicity of and DNA adduct formation from food and environmental mutagens. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:2105-11. [PMID: 11062175 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.11.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the intestinal flora is believed to have a critical role in carcinogenesis, little is known about the role of the human intestinal flora on the effects of mutagens in vivo. The aim of the present study was to address a possible role of the human intestinal flora in carcinogenesis, by exploiting human-flora-associated (HFA) mice. The capacity of human faeces to activate or inactivate 2-amino-3-methyl-3H:-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-nitrofluorene was determined using the Ames assay. Human faecal suspensions that were active in this regard were then selected and orally inoculated into germfree NMRI mice to generate HFA mice. HFA, germfree, conventionalized and conventional mice were administered IQ, 2-amino-9H:-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (2-amino-alpha-carboline; AAC) and 2-nitrofluorene. The activity of human intestinal flora against mutagens could be transferred into the mice. In comparing germfree mice and mice harbouring an intestinal flora, the presence of a flora was essential for the activities of faeces against mutagens. After administration of IQ and 2-nitrofluorene, DNA adducts were observed in the mice with a flora, while adducts were extremely low or absent in germfree animals. DNA adducts after AAC treatment were higher in germfree mice in some tissues including colon than in mice with bacteria. Differences in DNA adduct formation were also observed between HFA mice and mice with mouse flora in many tissues. These results clearly indicate that the intestinal flora have an active role in DNA adduct formation and that the role is different for the different chemicals to which the animals are exposed. The results also demonstrate that the human intestinal flora have different effects from the mouse flora on DNA adduct formation as well as in vitro metabolic activities against mutagens. Studies using HFA mice could thus provide much-needed information on the role of the human intestinal flora on carcinogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hirayama
- Departments of Medical Nutrition and Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Odeberg J, Wood T, Blücher A, Rafter J, Norstedt G, Lundeberg J. A cDNA RDA protocol using solid-phase technology suited for analysis in small tissue samples. Biomol Eng 2000; 17:1-9. [PMID: 11042471 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0344(00)00057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA RDA) is a PCR-based subtractive enrichment procedure for the cloning of differentially expressed genes. In this study, we have further developed the procedure to take advantage of solid-phase technology, and to facilitate the use of RDA when starting material is limited. Several parameters of the PCR-based generation of cDNA representations were investigated, and a solid-phase based purification step was introduced to simplify removal of digested adapter-ends and uncleaved fragments. The use of magnetic particles increased the speed of the method, and also eliminated the risk of carry-over contamination between iterative steps of subtraction and PCR amplification. The modified protocol was evaluated in monitoring differences in gene expression in (i) a rat system consisting of livers with and without growth hormone treatment, and in (ii) a human system consisting of normal colon and colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Odeberg
- Department of Biotechnology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Apoptosis is central to cell number regulation in the colonic epithelium, and interest in its role in colon carcinogenesis has been growing rapidly. It thus becomes of interest to characterize luminal components, possibly of dietary origin, that may influence this process. We have investigated the sensitivity of two human colonic cell lines, the human adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) and the human fetal colonic mucosa cell line (FHC), to induction of apoptosis by sodium butyrate, bile acids, and human fecal water fractions. The apoptotic effect has been studied by 1) morphological changes in cells examined by fluorescence microscopy, 2) DNA fragmentation analysis by gel electrophoresis, 3) flow cytometry analysis of DNA strand breaks assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay (TUNEL), and 4) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage by Western blot. Sodium butyrate and bile acids induced a time- and concentration-dependent apoptosis in both cell lines. Quantitation of this effect, by use of the TUNEL assay, indicated that deoxycholic acid was most effective in inducing this effect at lower concentrations and at shorter times. Apoptotic effects were also observed, in both cell lines, when the cells were exposed to intact human fecal waters (the fecal fraction in direct contact with the epithelium) and their lipid extracts, with the intact samples being more effective. Although all fecal waters examined induced apoptosis, quantitation of the effect by the TUNEL assay indicated that the ability to induce apoptosis differed markedly between samples. Induction of apoptosis by the fecal waters was not correlated to cytotoxicity but was negatively correlated to the pH of the samples. Interestingly, the cells derived from the fetal mucosa (FHC) were consistently less sensitive to apoptotic effects of the luminal components than the tumor-derived cells (HT-29). Thus human fecal water fractions induce apoptosis in colonic cells, and this effect is not due to lipid components alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Haza
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in western countries [1]. A myriad of healthful effects have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria; perhaps the most controversial remains that of anticancer activity. There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of consumption of lactic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products. However, there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies, in the literature and this will be summarised in the present paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hirayama
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, NOVUM, S-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Glinghammar B, Rafter J. Carcinogenesis in the colon: interaction between luminal factors and genetic factors. Eur J Cancer Prev 1999; 8 Suppl 1:S87-94. [PMID: 10772422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
At last, inroads are beginning to be made into the hitherto unknown and complex area of gene-environment interactions in the colon. Interestingly, many of the studies to date would suggest: that the Apc gene is a target for such interactions; that luminal factors can regulate the level of cellular proteins of central importance in the control of cell growth/arrest; and that some of the newly discovered members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily may be mediating gene-environment interactions in the colon. This is a very exciting area and will presumably be the subject of intense research in the near future. By characterizing the dietary/luminal factors that interact with the genes implicated in tumour development in the colon, we will reach another level of certainty regarding the dietary components responsible for tumour formation and their underlying mechanisms. It is gratifying to see at last the fields of epidemiology and molecular biology begin to overlap, and without doubt results from this new area of research will give a new and better status to the field of making dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Glinghammar
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang Y, Griffiths WJ, Midtvedt T, Sjövall J, Rafter J, Gustafsson JA. Characterization of conjugated metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene in germ-free rat urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:1182-9. [PMID: 10604867 DOI: 10.1021/tx990101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of conjugated metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in the urine of male germ-free rats given a single intraperitoneal dose of [(14)C]BP is described. Urinary metabolites, constituting 9% of the administered radioactivity, were extracted on a Sep-Pak C(18) cartridge and separated by lipophilic ion-exchange chromatography into neutral and acidic fractions (fractions I-V). Metabolites in the latter fractions, constituting more than 80% of the urinary radioactivity, were characterized by reversed-phase HPLC and capillary column liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Relative quantities of BP metabolites were estimated from the distribution of radioactivity. Some coeluting compounds were semiquantified from the ion current chromatograms obtained in the capillary column LC/ESMS analyses. The major conjugated metabolites in fraction II, containing about 50% of the urinary radioactivity, consisted of three tetrahydrotrihydroxy-BP-S-N-acetylcysteines, the major isomer being 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-8,9, 10-trihydroxy-BP-7-S-N-acetylcysteine, two dihydrotrihydroxy-BP-S-N-acetylcysteines, and a tetrahydrotetrahydroxy-BP-S-N-acetylcysteine. Fraction II also contained three apparently unconjugated compounds whose structures will be described elsewhere. Metabolites characterized in fractions III and IV, containing about 30% of the urinary radioactivity, included three BP-O,O'-disulfates, two monohydroxy-BP-O-sulfates, three dihydrodihydroxy-BP-O-sulfates, three BP-O,O'-diglucuronides, and a BP-O-sulfate-O'-glucuronide. Trace levels of a tetrahydrotrihydroxy-BP-S-glutathione conjugate were detected in fraction V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Western countries. While a myriad of healthful effects have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria, perhaps the most controversial remains that of anticancer activity. It should be pointed out already at this point that there is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of consumption of lactic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products. However, there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies, in the literature. The precise mechanisms by which lactic acid bacteria may inhibit colon cancer are presently unknown. However, such mechanisms might include: enhancing the host's immune response; binding and degrading potential carcinogens; quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in the intestinal microflora incriminated in producing putative carcinogen(s) and promoters (e.g. bile acid-degrading bacteria); producing antitumorigenic or antimutagenic compounds in the colon; alteration of the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora; alteration of physicochemical conditions in the colon; effects on physiology of the host. These potential mechanisms are discussed in the present paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hirayama
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, NOVUM, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Glinghammar B, Holmberg K, Rafter J. Effects of colonic lumenal components on AP-1-dependent gene transcription in cultured human colon carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:969-76. [PMID: 10357775 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.6.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently suggested that prolonged deregulated expression of AP-1 activity in colonic cells by bile acids may contribute to tumour promotion in the colon. In the present study, using two human colon carcinoma cell lines, HT-29 and HCT 116, transiently transfected with the AP-1-luciferase reporter construct, we showed that the bile acids, deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate and lithocholate, induced AP-1-dependent gene transcription in a dose-dependent manner, whereas cholate was without effect. The greatest effect was observed with deoxycholate, and the ability of this bile acid to induce reporter gene activity was significantly correlated with its ability to induce cell proliferation (r = 0.91, P = 0.01). Cholesterol and the long chain fatty acids, myristate, palmitate and stearate, had no effect on AP-1-dependent gene transcription, whereas the short chain fatty acid, butyrate, exhibited a marked effect. Mindful of the fact that the concentrations of lumenal components that are actually in or entering the epithelial cells in the colon are presumably lower than lumenal values, we considered it of interest to determine the effect of dilution on the capacity of human faecal water to induce AP-1 activity and also cell proliferation. We demonstrated that diluted lipid extracts, from all of the faecal water samples examined, significantly induced AP-1-dependent gene transcription in the colonic cells, and that this effect differed markedly between the extracts. We confirmed that the faecal water lipid extracts, at the same dilution at which they increased AP-1 activity, significantly induced proliferation in the same cell line. These data suggest that lipid components of human faecal water, which is in direct contact with the colon epithelium and may be physiologically more active than the solid phase, can activate AP-1, a transcription factor whose activation has been associated with the promotion of neoplastic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Glinghammar
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|