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Turcato G, Zaboli A, Sibilio S, Mian M, Brigo F. The Clinical Utility of Albumin with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) in Improving 30-Day Mortality Prediction in Patients with Infection in the Emergency Department. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7676. [PMID: 38137746 PMCID: PMC10744260 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is currently the primary prognostic tool used in patients with infections to predict sepsis and mortality, although its predictive role remains debated. Serum albumin values have been recently found to correlate with the severity of sepsis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of albumin dosage on SOFA score prediction in infected patients. METHODS This prospective single-centre observational study was performed in 2021. We used the net reclassification improvement (NRI) technique to evaluate the additional prognostic value of serum albumin used together with the SOFA score in infected patients. The discriminatory abilities of the SOFA score alone, of albumin levels alone, and of the albumin levels together with (but not incorporated into) the SOFA score was evaluated by comparing the area under the curve of the corresponding receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS We included 949 patients with an infectious status; 8.9% (84/949) died within 30 days of ED admission. The AUROC for the SOFA score was 0.802 (95% CI: 0.756-0.849) and the albumin level was 0.813 (95% CI: 0.775-0.852). The NRI found that serum albumin improved SOFA score predictions of 30-day mortality by 24.3% (p < 0.001), yielding an AUROC of 0.881 (95% CI: 0.848-0.912; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Using serum albumin values together with the SOFA score can improve prognostic prediction in patients with infections evaluated in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Turcato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital Alto Vicentino (AULSS-7), 36014 Santorso, Italy;
| | - Arian Zaboli
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Via A. Volta 5, 39049 Bolzano, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Serena Sibilio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Merano-Meran (SABES-ASDAA), 39012 Merano-Meran, Italy;
- Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Mian
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Via A. Volta 5, 39049 Bolzano, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.M.)
- Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, 39100 Bozen, Italy
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Via A. Volta 5, 39049 Bolzano, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.M.)
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Kusulja M, Trkulja V, Skočibušić E, Grgić B, Čulo M, Tambić Andrašević A, Santini M. Prediction of unfavorable outcomes in community-acquired bacteremia by SIRS, SOFA and qSOFA scores. Minerva Anestesiol 2023; 89:895-905. [PMID: 37307031 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.23.17340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis diagnostic and prognostic scoring systems have changed over time. It remains uncertain which scoring system is the best predictor of unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to evaluate prediction of community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) outcomes using on-admission systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA). METHODS We present a retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive adult patients hospitalized with CAB over ten years. SIRS, qSOFA and SOFA scores calculated on admission were dichotomized as ≥2 or 0-1. Raw and adjusted incidence of a composite unfavorable outcome (death, septic shock, invasive mechanical ventilation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy) over 35 days were compared. RESULTS Among 1930 patients, 1221 (63.3%) had SIRS, 196 (10.2%) had qSOFA, and 1117 (57.9%) had SOFA≥2. Respective raw and adjusted probabilities of the outcome were similar. Incidence for qSOFA≥2 was high (41.3%) and still considerable for qSOFA 0-1 (5.4%). SOFA≥2 indicated higher risk than SIRS≥2 (14.7% vs. 12.4%), while SOFA 0-1 indicated lower risk than SIRS 0-1 (1.2% vs. 3.1%). This relationship between SOFA and SIRS was also observed in patients with qSOFA 0-1. CONCLUSIONS qSOFA≥2 was associated with highest probability of unfavorable outcome, but dichotomized SOFA was more precise at high vs. low-risk distinction. Consecutive use of dichotomized qSOFA and SOFA on admission of adults with CAB enables fast and reliable identification of patients at high (qSOFA≥2, risk ~≥35%), moderate (qSOFA 0-1, SOFA≥2, risk ~10%), and low risk (qSOFA 0-1, SOFA 0-1, risk 1-2%) of subsequent unfavorable events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kusulja
- Emergency Department, Dr Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia -
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elizabeta Skočibušić
- School of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borna Grgić
- Emergency Department, Dr Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Čulo
- Department for Clinical Microbiology, Dr Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arjana Tambić Andrašević
- Department for Clinical Microbiology, Dr Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, Department for Microbiology, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Santini
- School of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Infections in the Immunocompromised, Dr Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
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Qiu X, Lei YP, Zhou RX. SIRS, SOFA, qSOFA, and NEWS in the diagnosis of sepsis and prediction of adverse outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:891-900. [PMID: 37450490 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2237192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), and National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for sepsis diagnosis and adverse outcomes prediction. METHODS Clinical studies that used SIRS, SOFA, qSOFA, and NEWS for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis assessment were included. Data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed for outcome measures, including sepsis diagnosis, in-hospital mortality, 7/10/14-day mortality, 28/30-day mortality, and ICU admission. RESULTS Fifty-seven included studies showed good overall quality. Regarding sepsis prediction, SIRS demonstrated high sensitivity (0.85) but low specificity (0.41), qSOFA showed low sensitivity (0.42) but high specificity (0.98), and NEWS exhibited high sensitivity (0.71) and specificity (0.85). For predicting in-hospital mortality, SOFA demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.89) and specificity (0.69). In terms of predicting 7/10/14-day mortality, SIRS exhibited high sensitivity (0.87), while qSOFA had high specificity (0.75). For predicting 28/30-day mortality, SOFA showed high sensitivity (0.97) but low specificity (0.14), whereas qSOFA displayed low sensitivity (0.41) but high specificity (0.88). CONCLUSIONS NEWS independently demonstrates good diagnostic capability for sepsis, especially in high-income countries. SOFA emerges as the optimal choice for predicting in-hospital mortality and can be employed as a screening tool for 28/30-day mortality in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Peng Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Xi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chand S, Kumar N, Mawari G, Sarkar S, Daga MK, Raghu RV, Aarthi J, Fatima A. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria (SIRS) and sepsis 3 criteria for assessing outcomes in sepsis: A prospective observational study. Lung India 2023; 40:200-204. [PMID: 37148015 PMCID: PMC10298813 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_400_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a major cause of death in hospitalised patients worldwide. Most studies for assessing outcomes in sepsis are from the western literature. Sparse data from Indian settings are available comparing the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA (qSOFA) (sepsis 3 criteria) for assessing outcomes in sepsis. In this study, we aimed to compare the SIRS criteria and sepsis 3 criteria to assess disease outcome at day 28 (recovery/mortality) in a North Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods A prospective observational study was performed in the Department of Medicine from 2019 to early 2020. Patients admitted to the medical emergency with clinical suspicion of sepsis were included. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, qSOFA and SOFA scores were calculated at the time of presentation to the hospital. Patients were followed through the course of their hospital stay. Results Out of 149 patients, 139 were included in the analysis. Patients who died had significantly higher mean SOFA, qSOFA scores and mean change in SOFA score than patients who survived (P value <0.01). There was no statistical difference between recovery and deaths at similar SIRS scores. A 40.30% fatality rate was recorded. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome had low Area Under Curve (AUC) (0.47) with low sensitivity (76.8) and specificity (21.7). SOFA had the maximum AUC (0.68) compared to qSOFA (0.63) and SIRS (0.47). SOFA also had the maximum sensitivity (98.1) while the qSOFA score had the maximum specificity (84.3). Conclusion SOFA and qSOFA scores had superior predictive ability as compared to the SIRS score in assessing mortality in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Chand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind Mawari
- Centre for Occupational and Environment Health (COEH), Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayan Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mradul Kumar Daga
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - RV Raghu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - J. Aarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Arisha Fatima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Ozen C, Yalcinkaya A, Zarandi K, Haydal A, Pedersen SH, Leutscher PC. Antibiotic Practice in Patients With Acute Abdomen Admitted to a Danish Regional Hospital: A Clinical Qualitative Assurance Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e37706. [PMID: 37077367 PMCID: PMC10109216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute abdomen is often complicated by intra-abdominal infection requiring antibiotic therapy. Danish regional antibiotic guidelines emphasize the restricted use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as cephalosporins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate antibiotic practices in relation to hospitalized patients with acute abdomen. Methodology This retrospective quality assurance study was conducted among patients admitted to the surgical emergency department at the North Denmark Regional Hospital during a four-month observation period. Data were extracted from electronic patient journals and entered in the Research Electronic Data Capture data management system for further analytical work. Results Of 331 patients, 174 (53%) were treated with antibiotics, of whom 98 (56%) had been treated with cephalosporin, 47 (27%) with benzylpenicillin and gentamicin, 22 (13%) with piperacillin/tazobactam, and seven (4%) with ciprofloxacin. Use of a cephalosporin-based antibiotic regimen was significantly more common in patients with acute appendicitis (75%) compared to other diagnostic groups, such as acute cholecystitis (57%), incarcerated hernia with strangulation (56%), acute pancreatitis (50%), and acute diverticulitis (30%). However, patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis (53%) were significantly more often treated with benzylpenicillin and gentamicin, whereas patients with complicated diverticulitis Hinchey stage 3-4 were significantly more often treated with piperacillin/tazobactam. In addition, as the severity of acute cholecystitis increased, it was more frequently treated with piperacillin/tazobactam. Conclusions The study revealed that cephalosporins are frequently used in patients hospitalized with acute abdomen. This finding conflicts with current regional antibiotic guidelines. Reinforcement of the guidelines is required as an essential measure against the development of antibiotic resistance associated with the use of cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Ozen
- General and Colorectal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DNK
- Research and Development, Center for Clinical Research, Hjoerring, DNK
| | - Ali Yalcinkaya
- Center for General Practice, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DNK
| | - Kasra Zarandi
- General Surgery, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjoerring, DNK
| | - Ashraf Haydal
- General Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DNK
| | | | - Peter Christian Leutscher
- Research and Development, North Denmark Regional Hospital Centre for Clinical Research, Hjoerring, DNK
- Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DNK
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Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin. Anim Health Res Rev 2022; 23:82-99. [PMID: 35795920 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252322000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome triggered by an inflammatory host response to an infection. It is usually complicated to detect and diagnose, and has severe consequences in human and veterinary health, especially when treatment is not started early. Therefore, efforts to detect sepsis accurately are needed. In addition, its proper diagnosis could reduce the misuse of antibiotics, which is essential fighting against antimicrobial resistance. This case is a particular issue in farm animals, as antibiotics have been traditionally given massively, but now they are becoming increasingly restricted. When sepsis is suspected in animals, the most frequently used biomarkers are acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, but their concentrations can increase in other inflammatory conditions. In human patients, the most promising biomarkers to detect sepsis are currently procalcitonin and presepsin, and there is a wide range of other biomarkers under study. However, there is little information on the application of these biomarkers in veterinary species. This review aims to describe the general concepts of sepsis and the current knowledge about the biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses, and cattle and to discuss possible advances in the field.
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Suttapanit K, Dangprasert K, Sanguanwit P, Supatanakij P. The Ramathibodi early warning score as a sepsis screening tool does not reduce the timing of antibiotic administration. Int J Emerg Med 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35538415 PMCID: PMC9087922 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-022-00420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Administration of antibiotics to septic patients within 1 h was recommended in 2018 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) as a strategy to improve survival outcomes. The use of sepsis screening tools in emergency departments (EDs) is important for early diagnosis and initiation of sepsis care. This study aimed to assess the impact of the Ramathibodi early warning score (REWs) on the administration of antibiotics within 1 h of presentation. Methods This was an observational retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching between the sepsis-3 criteria (pre-period) and the REWs (post-period) as screening tools in adult patients with sepsis in EDs. The primary outcome was the proportion of receiving antibiotics within 1 h of presentation in the pre- and post-periods. Results A total of 476 patients were analyzed without propensity matching. The proportion of antibiotic administration within 1 h was higher in patients screened using the REWs compared with standard of care in the total study population (79.5% vs. 61.4%, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, 153 patients were included in both groups. The proportion of antibiotic administration within 1 h was similar in patients screened using the REWs and those receiving standard of care (79.7% vs. 80.4%, p = 0.886). However, time to intensive care unit (ICU) admission was faster in patients screened using the REWs. Delays in receiving antibiotics of longer than 3 h were associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 7.04, 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 34.11, p = 0.015). Conclusions Implementing the REWs as a tool in sepsis screening protocols in EDs did not improve rates of antibiotic administration within 1 h as recommended by the SSC. However, time to ICU admission was improved after implementation of the REWs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12245-022-00420-w.
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Kammar-García A, Castillo-Martínez L, Mancilla-Galindo J, Villanueva-Juárez JL, Pérez-Pérez A, Rocha-González HI, Arrieta-Valencia J, Remolina-Schlig M, Hernández-Gilsoul T. SOFA Score Plus Impedance Ratio Predicts Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department: Retrospective Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050810. [PMID: 35627947 PMCID: PMC9140899 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) is a scoring system used for the evaluation of disease severity and prognosis of critically ill patients. The impedance ratio (Imp-R) is a novel mortality predictor. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the combination of the SOFA + Imp-R in the prediction of mortality in critically ill patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in adult patients with acute illness admitted to the ED of a tertiary-care referral center. Baseline SOFA score and bioelectrical impedance analysis to obtain the Imp-R were performed within the first 24 h after admission to the ED. A Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the mortality risk of the initial SOFA score plus the Imp-R. Harrell’s C-statistic and decision curve analyses (DCA) were performed. Results: Out of 325 patients, 240 were included for analysis. Overall mortality was 31.3%. Only 21.3% of non-surviving patients died after hospital discharge, and 78.4% died during their hospital stay. Of the latter, 40.6% died in the ED. The SOFA and Imp-R values were higher in non-survivors and were significantly associated with mortality in all models. The combination of the SOFA + Imp-R significantly predicted 30-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, and ED mortality with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% CI: 74–0.86), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74–0.86) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66–0.84), respectively. The DCA showed that combining the SOFA + Imp-R improved the prediction of mortality through the lower risk thresholds. Conclusions: The addition of the Imp-R to the baseline SOFA score on admission to the ED improves mortality prediction in severely acutely ill patients admitted to the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashuin Kammar-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico;
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (H.I.R.-G.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Lilia Castillo-Martínez
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.C.-M.); (J.L.V.-J.)
| | - Javier Mancilla-Galindo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04360, Mexico;
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90750, Mexico
| | - José Luis Villanueva-Juárez
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.C.-M.); (J.L.V.-J.)
| | - Anayeli Pérez-Pérez
- Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.P.-P.); (M.R.-S.)
| | - Héctor Isaac Rocha-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (H.I.R.-G.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Jesús Arrieta-Valencia
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (H.I.R.-G.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Miguel Remolina-Schlig
- Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.P.-P.); (M.R.-S.)
| | - Thierry Hernández-Gilsoul
- Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.P.-P.); (M.R.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-4870-900 (ext. 5010)
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Risk factors for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with brain abscess in South Korea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257541. [PMID: 34543311 PMCID: PMC8451987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain abscess can be life-threatening and manifest various neurological findings, although the mortality rate has decreased recently. We investigated the risk factors for unfavorable outcomes of patients with brain abscess. Methods A retrospective cohort study examined patients with brain abscess seen from May 2005 to December 2018 in a tertiary care hospital in Seoul, South Korea. We reviewed the medical records for clinical findings, therapeutic modalities, and prognostic factors of brain abscess. Unfavorable clinical outcomes were defined as death, moderate to severe disability with neurological deficits, or vegetative state at 1 year or at the time of discharge from outpatient follow-up. Results The study enrolled 135 patients: 65.2% were males; the mean age was 56 years. 35.6% had unfavorable outcomes. In multivariate analysis, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (p < 0.001), pre-existing hemiplegia (p = 0.049), and higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (p = 0.028) were independently associated with unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions Higher SOFA, pre-existing hemiplegia and higher Charlson comorbidity index were significant risk factors for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with brain abscess.
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Suttapanit K, Wisan M, Sanguanwit P, Prachanukool T. Prognostic Accuracy of VqSOFA for Predicting 28-day Mortality in Patients with Suspected Sepsis in the Emergency Department. Shock 2021; 56:368-373. [PMID: 33577246 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis screening in the emergency department (ED) is challenging. The quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score had poor accuracy for predicting mortality in both the intensive care unit and ED. High lactate levels were associated with an increased mortality. However, a previous study using lactate levels in combination with the qSOFA score did not observe a meaningful improvement in predictive accuracy. This study assessed the prognostic accuracy of venous lactate levels plus the qSOFA (VqSOFA) score for predicting 28-day mortality. METHODS Patients who visited the Ramathibodi ED with suspected sepsis were enrolled. The VqSOFA, qSOFA, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated using the initial vital signs and laboratory values. Prognostic accuracy was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of the VqSOFA score and Sepsis-3 criteria for predicting 28-day mortality. RESULTS In total, 1,139 patients were enrolled, 118 of whom died within 28 days of admission. The AUROCs of the VqSOFA, qSOFA, and SOFA scores were 0.851 (95% CI 0.813-0.889), 0.813 (95% CI 0.772-0.854), and 0.728 (95% CI 0.671-0.784), respectively. Using VqSOFA score ≥ 3 as the cutoff, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were 74.6%, 82.5%, and 4.25%, respectively. VqSOFA ≥ 3 was linked to a low probability of 28-day survival and higher odds of vasopressor and ventilator use within 24 h. CONCLUSIONS VqSOFA was more predictive of 28-day mortality and vasopressor and mechanical ventilator use than the qSOFA and SOFA scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Suttapanit
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Variation of vital signs with potential to influence the performance of qSOFA scoring in the Ethiopian general population at different altitudes of residency: A multisite cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245496. [PMID: 33539398 PMCID: PMC7861372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The physiological range of different vital signs is dependent on various environmental and individual factors. There is a strong interdependent relationship between vital signs and health conditions. Deviations of the physiological range are commonly used for risk assessment in clinical scores, e.g. respiratory rate (RR) and systolic blood pressure (BPsys) in patients with infections within the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score. A limited number of studies have evaluated the performance of such scores in resource-limited health care settings, showing inconsistent results with mostly poor discriminative power. Divergent standard values of vital parameters in different populations, e.g. could influence the accuracy of various clinical scores. Methods This multisite cross-sectional observational study was performed among Ethiopians residing at various altitudes in the cities of Asella (2400m above sea level (a.s.l.)), Adama (1600m a.s.l.), and Semara (400m a.s.l.). Volunteers from the local general population were asked to complete a brief questionnaire and have vital signs measured. Individuals reporting acute or chronic illness were excluded. Results A positive qSOFA score (i.e. ≥2), indicating severe illness in patients with infection, was common among the studied population (n = 612). The proportion of participants with a positive qSOFA score was significantly higher in Asella (28.1%; 55/196), compared with Adama, (8.3%; 19/230; p<0.001) and Semara (15.1%; 28/186; p = 0.005). Concerning the parameters comprised in qSOFA, the thresholds for RR (≥22/min) were reached in 60.7%, 34.8%, and 38.2%, and for BPsys (≤100 mmHg) in 48.5%, 27.8%, and 36.0% in participants from Asella, Adama, and Semara, respectively. Discussion The high positivity rate of qSOFA score in the studied population without signs of acute infection may be explained by variations of the physiological range of different vital signs, possibly related to the altitude of residence. Adaptation of existing scores using local standard values could be helpful for reliable risk assessment.
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Ebrahimian A, Shahcheragh SMT, Fakhr-Movahedi A. Comparing the Ability and Accuracy of mSOFA, qSOFA, and qSOFA-65 in Predicting the Status of Nontraumatic Patients Referred to a Hospital Emergency Department: A Prospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 24:1045-1050. [PMID: 33384509 PMCID: PMC7751043 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was proposed to compare the ability and accuracy of modified sequential organ failure assessment (mSOFA), quick SOFA (qSOFA), and qSOFA-65 in predicting the status of nontraumatic patients referred to hospital emergency departments (EDs). Materials and methods This study was a prospective design that performed on the 746 nontraumatic patients referred to the ED. Each patient data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, mSOFA, qSOFA, and qSOFA-65 scales. Related variables of each scale were recorded based on patients’ medical records. Then, the outcome of each patient in the ED was followed up and recorded. The severity and specificity of each scale were estimated by the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve at 99% confidence interval (CI). Results The mean and standard deviation of scores were as follows: mSOFA = 4.40 ± 2.58, qSOFA = 0.50 ± 0.70, and qSOFA-65 = 0.92 ± 0.96. Patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were identified with AUROC curve as follows: mSOFA = 0.882 (99% CI = 0.778–0.865); qSOFA = 0.717 (99% CI = 0.662–0.773); and qSOFA-65 = 0.771 (99% CI = 0.721–0.820), which showed that mSOFA has higher sensitivity and specificity than the other two scales in identifying patients requiring admission to the ICU. Conclusion All three scales were found to be reliable for identifying nontraumatic patients at risk of death and patients requiring admission to the ICU. However, since the time and data required to complete qSOFA and qSOFA-65 are much less than those of mSOFA, it is recommended that qSOFA and especially qSOFA-65 be used in ED to identify critically ill nontraumatic patients. How to cite this article Ebrahimian A, Shahcheragh SMT, Fakhr-Movahedi A. Comparing the Ability and Accuracy of mSOFA, qSOFA, and qSOFA-65 in Predicting the Status of Nontraumatic Patients Referred to a Hospital Emergency Department: A Prospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11):1045–1050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Ebrahimian
- Nursing Care Research Center, Emergency Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Fakhr-Movahedi
- Nursing Care Research Center, Pediatric and Neonatal Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Normand CV, Zender HO, Staehli DM, Chouiter-Djebaili AF, John G. Acute cytokine release syndrome after a first dose of pembrolizumab as second-line treatment for metastatic, programmed death-ligand 1-positive, non-small-cell lung cancer. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:1528-1533. [PMID: 33353504 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220980813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitor therapy is expanding, although its adverse effects are not completely known. We report on a rare case of acute cytokine release syndrome related to pembrolizumab use in a patient with lung cancer. CASE REPORT A 79-year-old man with metastatic, PD-L1-positive, non-small-cell lung cancer developed a febrile condition associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and suffered haemodynamic compromise four hours after the first intravenous administration of pembrolizumab. A thorough medical workup found no alternative cause and a grade 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was diagnosed.Management and outcome: Aggressive fluid resuscitation and supportive therapy led to restitutio ad integrum. DISCUSSION Acute CRS after the administration of a PD-L1 inhibitor is infrequent but could be a fatal condition. Supportive treatment and, if necessary, corticosteroids should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément V Normand
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois - La Chaux-de-Fonds, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Hervé O Zender
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois - La Chaux-de-Fonds, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Dominique M Staehli
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois - La Chaux-de-Fonds, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | | | - Gregor John
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois - Pourtalès, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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Liu S, Yao N, Qiu Y, He C. Predictive performance of SOFA and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality in severe novel coronavirus disease. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38:2074-2080. [PMID: 33142178 PMCID: PMC7354270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The assessment of illness severity at admission can contribute to decreased mortality in patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scoring systems at admission for the prediction of mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. METHODS We included 140 critically ill COVID-19 patients. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings at admission were used to calculate SOFA and qSOFA against the in-hospital outcomes (survival or death) that were ascertained from the medical records. The predictive accuracy of both scoring systems was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The area under the ROC curve for SOFA in predicting mortality was 0.890 (95% CI: 0.826-0.955), which was higher than that of qSOFA (0.742, 95% CI 0.657-0.816). An optimal cutoff of ≥3 for SOFA had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 90.00%, 83.18%, 50.00%, and 97.80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This novel report indicates that SOFA could function as an effective adjunctive risk-stratification tool at admission for critical COVID-19 patients. The performance of qSOFA is accepted but inferior to that of SOFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China; China International Emergency Medical Team, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ni Yao
- China International Emergency Medical Team, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China; COVID19 Medical Team (Hubei) of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China; COVID-19 Ward of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Yanru Qiu
- COVID-19 Ward of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China; Oncology Department of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, East Campus, PR China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China.
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Mukherjee S, Das S, Mukherjee S, Ghosh PS, Bhattacharya S. Arterial blood gas as a prognostic indicator in patients with sepsis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:457-460. [PMID: 33154263 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal arterial blood gas (ABG) among patients with sepsis is an important prognostic indicator. All-cause mortality was the highest among patients with respiratory acidosis (4/9 = 44.4%), followed by those having metabolic acidosis (3/8 = 37.5%). Median length of hospital and intensive care unit stay was 15.75 days and 6.25 days for those with abnormal ABG and 11 and 3.5 days among those with normal ABG. Median health-care expenditure at the time of discharge or death of the patient was the highest in patients with respiratory acidosis ($14,473) and least in patients with normal ABG ($3,384) (average expenditure among patients with abnormal ABG was [$10,059]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvrajyoti Das
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Mukherjee
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pralay Shankar Ghosh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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