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Yu F, Liu X, Ou H, Li X, Liu R, Lv X, Xiao S, Hu M, Liang T, Chen T, Wei X, Zhang Z, Liu S, Liu H, Zhu Y, Liu G, Tu T, Li P, Zhang H, Pan T, Ma X. The histamine receptor H1 acts as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2. mBio 2024; 15:e0108824. [PMID: 38953634 PMCID: PMC11324024 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01088-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous host factors, in addition to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), have been identified as coreceptors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demonstrating broad viral tropism and diversified druggable potential. We and others have found that antihistamine drugs, particularly histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) antagonists, potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we provided compelling evidence that HRH1 acts as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2 by directly binding to the viral spike protein. HRH1 also synergistically enhanced hACE2-dependent viral entry by interacting with hACE2. Antihistamine drugs effectively prevent viral infection by competitively binding to HRH1, thereby disrupting the interaction between the spike protein and its receptor. Multiple inhibition assays revealed that antihistamine drugs broadly inhibited the infection of various SARS-CoV-2 mutants with an average IC50 of 2.4 µM. The prophylactic function of these drugs was further confirmed by authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection assays and humanized mouse challenge experiments, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of antihistamine drugs for combating coronavirus disease 19.IMPORTANCEIn addition to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can utilize alternative cofactors to facilitate viral entry. In this study, we discovered that histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) not only functions as an independent receptor for SARS-CoV-2 but also synergistically enhances ACE2-dependent viral entry by directly interacting with ACE2. Further studies have demonstrated that HRH1 facilitates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 by directly binding to the N-terminal domain of the spike protein. Conversely, antihistamine drugs, primarily HRH1 antagonists, can competitively bind to HRH1 and thereby prevent viral entry. These findings revealed that the administration of repurposable antihistamine drugs could be a therapeutic intervention to combat coronavirus disease 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- Institute of Human
Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Hailan Ou
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Shenzhen Key
Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,
Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Ruxin Liu
- Shenzhen Key
Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,
Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Xi Lv
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine,
South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- Department of Breast
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Taizhen Liang
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for
Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for
Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Xuepeng Wei
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenglai Zhang
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- School of Biology and
Biological Engineering, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Han Liu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyan Liu
- Department of Pathogen
Biology, Shenyang Medical College,
Shenyang, Liaoning,
China
| | - Tianyong Tu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human
Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Shenzhen Key
Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,
Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for
Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
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Mettler SK, Charoenngam N, Colgrove RC. Clinical differences between Raoultella spp. and Klebsiella oxytoca. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1260212. [PMID: 38887491 PMCID: PMC11180880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1260212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Raoultella spp. is a genus of bacteria that is known to be closely related to Klebsiella. It has been debated whether Raoultella should be reclassified as a subgroup of Klebsiella. The aim of this study is to compare clinical aspects of Raoultella and Klebsiella oxytoca, a species of Klebsiella that is known to be bacteriologically similar to Raoultella spp. Methods Using data collected at a tertiary care hospital in the United States, we identified 43 patients with Raoultella infection and 1173 patients with Klebsiella oxytoca infection. We compared patient demographics (age and sex), hospitalization status, isolation sites and antibiotic resistance profiles between the two species. Results There was no significant difference in patient demographics between the two bacteria species. The proportions of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were higher among patients with Raoultella infection (p=0.008). The most common site of isolation was urine for both species (39.5% of all patients with Raoultella spp. vs. 59.3% for K. oxytoca). The second most common site of isolation was blood stream for Raoultella spp. (23.3%) and respiratory tract for K. oxytoca (10.8%). Except for the high proportion of resistant isolates of Raoultella spp. for Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles were similar between the two bacteria species. Both were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Conclusion While there are no significant differences in the patient demographics and antibiotic susceptibility profiles between Raoultella spp. and K. oxytoca, Raoultella may cause more serious infection requiring ICU admissions. Also, Raoultella may cause blood stream infection more frequently than K. oxytoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K. Mettler
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert C. Colgrove
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Fauzi A, Simadibrata DM, Friska D, Syam AF. COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life: Analysis From 9800 Participants in the Indonesian GERD-Q Study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:324-329. [PMID: 37983734 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is expected to increase during the pandemic due to unexpected, sudden lifestyle changes such as decreased physical activity and worsening mental conditions. Here, we aim to explore the difference in the prevalence of GERD and GERD-related quality of life (QoL) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the Indonesian GERD Questionnaire study, a cross-sectional study utilizing an online form of the GERD Questionnaire, was done to compare the prevalence of GERD between March 2, 2018 to March 1, 2020 (prepandemic group) and March 2, 2020 to March 1, 2022 (pandemic group). The prevalence odds ratios between the 2 groups were calculated using χ 2 . RESULTS A total of 9800 participants were included in the analysis; 1807 and 7993 were allocated to the pandemic and prepandemic groups, respectively. The prevalence of GERD in the pandemic and prepandemic groups were 67.9% and 61.8%, respectively (prevalence odds ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.46). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of GERD, heartburn, and those who reported impaired GERD-related quality of life increased. Regurgitation was the most common symptom reported by participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fauzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ari F Syam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Stipaničev D, Dragun Z, Repec S, Ivanković D, Barac F, Kiralj Z, Kralj T, Valić D. Dynamics of drug contamination of the river-water in the rural, semirural and urban areas of the Mrežnica River in Croatia during COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93652-93666. [PMID: 37515617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Increased contamination of aquatic ecosystems with pharmaceuticals could have been expected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Surface water from three domains (rural, semirural, urban) of the Mrežnica River (Croatia) was screened for 253 pharmaceuticals by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS. At the beginning of the pandemic, the highest concentration of drugs (excluding veterinary) was detected at urban site (291.4 ng/L), followed by semirural (186.5 ng/L) and rural (141.6 ng/L). With the progression of pandemic, contamination increase was observed at all sites, but it was the most obvious at semirural (approximately 400-700 ng/L). The most pronounced concentration increases were observed for non-opioid analgesics, especially ibuprofen. In September 2021, the first notable occurrence of opioid analgesics was recorded. The most represented group of pharmaceuticals at the start of the pandemic (May 2020) was generally stimulants (caffeine, cotinine). In September 2021, the predominant group was analgesics at all sites (45-84%), whereas stimulants decreased to undetectable levels. The results of this study indicated that the epidemiological measures and medical treatments that were widely imposed/applied caused notable increase of the surface water contamination with drugs of a small river with limited dilution capacity, indirectly pointing to the changes that occurred in the behaviour and habits of the inhabitants of the affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Draženka Stipaničev
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Siniša Repec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Barac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Kiralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Valić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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Patil CR, Suryakant Gawli C, Bhatt S. Targeting inflammatory pathways for treatment of the major depressive disorder. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103697. [PMID: 37422168 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments modalities for major depressive disorder (MDD) mainly target the monoaminergic neurotransmission. However, the therapeutic inadequacy and adverse effects confine the use of these conventional antidepressants to a limited subset of MDD patients. The classical antidepressants are increasingly proving unsatisfactory in tackling the treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Hence, the focus of treatment is shifting to alternative pathogenic pathways involved in depression. Preclinical and clinical evidences accumulated across the last decades have unequivocally affirmed the causative role of immuno-inflammatory pathways in the progression of depression. There is an upsurge in the clinical evaluations of the drugs having anti-inflammatory effects as antidepressants. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms connecting the inflammatory pathways to the MDD and current clinical status of inflammation modulating drugs in the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandragauda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrakant Suryakant Gawli
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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Morán Blanco JI, Alvarenga Bonilla JA, Fremont-Smith P, Villar Gómez de Las Heras K. Antihistamines as an early treatment for Covid-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15772. [PMID: 37128299 PMCID: PMC10129342 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARs-COV-2 results in COVID-19 disease. Between March 2020 and August 2021, 468 COVID-19 patients confirmed by PCR or antigen test, in Yepes, Spain, received early treatment with antihistamines, adding azithromycin in selected cases. The primary endpoint is the hospitalization rate of COVID-19 patients, and the secondary endpoints are ICU admission and mortality rates. All endpoints are compared with the official Spanish rates during the time period of the study. There were 20 hospital admissions (hospitalization rate 4,3%), 5 ICU admissions (ICU admission rate 1,1%) and 3 deaths (fatality rate of 0,6%). No patients in the study required follow up treatment, which suggest they did not develop long COVID. Results from this retrospective trail indicate that early treatment of SARS-COV-2 positive patients with antihistamines may reduce the odds of hospitalization (OR: 0.490, CI: 0.313-0.767, p-value: 0.001). Randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the effects of early antihistamine treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients to prevent hospitalization, ICU admission, mortality and long-covid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Morán Blanco
- Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Salud de Yepes, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - Karina Villar Gómez de Las Heras
- Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Gerencia de Urgencias, Emergencias y Transporte Sanitario, Toledo, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Hosseini MS, Davoudi-Monfared E, Najmeddin F, Mojtahedzadeh M. Effect of Famotidine on COVID-19: Killing Virus or Opposing ARDS? Pulm Ther 2023; 9:173-175. [PMID: 37004651 PMCID: PMC10066957 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-023-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first detection of SARS-CoV-2 in China, COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has taken the lives of more than six million people. Although some antivirals seem proper for treatment, the investigation of finding the best therapeutic approach for COVID-19 is still continuing. Some observational research showed that famotidine has promising effects in addition to its acid-suppressing characteristics in the treatment of COVID-19. The definite viricidal effect of famotidine is not established. Opposing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be proposed as a probable mechanism for the action of famotidine, due to its inhibitory effect on histamine release, inhibition of transmembrane protease serine S (TMPRSS) and stabilizing glycocalyx. These hypotheses should be under investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Porsina St., Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
| | - Effat Davoudi-Monfared
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Porsina St., Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
| | - Farhad Najmeddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Porsina St., Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Porsina St., Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran.
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Choi W, Lee HP, Manilack P, Saysavanh V, Lee BH, Lee S, Kim E, Cho JY. Antiallergic Effects of Callerya atropurpurea Extract In Vitro and in an In Vivo Atopic Dermatitis Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:860. [PMID: 36840208 PMCID: PMC9959980 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Callerya atropurpurea is found in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Although the anti-inflammatory action of C. atropurpurea has been investigated, the functions of this plant in allergic responses are not understood. Here, we explored the antiallergic mechanism of C. atropurpurea ethanol extract (Ca-EE) using in vitro assays and an in vivo atopic model. (2) Methods: The constituents of Ca-EE were analyzed using GC/MS. Inhibition of lipoxygenase and β-hexosaminidase activity was examined, and the expression of inflammatory genes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The regulatory roles of Ca-EE in IgE/FcεRI signaling were examined by Western blotting. The DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model was performed with histological analysis. (3) Results: Ca-EE comprised cis-raphasatin, lupeol, some sugars, and fatty acids. In RBL-2H3 cells, treatment with Ca-EE significantly reduced the activities of lipoxygenase and β-hexosaminidase, as well as cytokine gene expression. IgE-mediated signaling was downregulated by blocking Lyn kinases. Moreover, Ca-EE effectively inhibited allergic symptoms in the DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis model without toxicity. (4) Conclusions: Ca-EE displayed antiallergic activities through regulating IgE/Lyn signaling in RBL-2H3 cells and a contact dermatitis model. These results indicate that Ca-EE could be effective for allergic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooram Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Pyoung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Philaxay Manilack
- Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Veosavanh Saysavanh
- Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Yungjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Mashauri HL. Covid-19 Histamine theory: Why antihistamines should be incorporated as the basic component in Covid-19 management? Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1109. [PMID: 36778771 PMCID: PMC9903129 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harold L. Mashauri
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
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Hassanen EI, Kamel S, Mohamed WA, Mansour HA, Mahmoud MA. The potential mechanism of histamine-inducing cardiopulmonary inflammation and apoptosis in a novel oral model of rat intoxication. Toxicology 2023; 484:153410. [PMID: 36565801 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histamine (HIS) is a potent vasodilator that contributes to anaphylactic reactions. Our investigation aims to study the possible toxic impact of repeated oral administration of histamine on the target organs of HIS poisoning (lung & heart) in rats as a model of scombroid poisoning. We used 15 rats that were separated into three groups with 5 rats in each. All rats received the treatments orally for 14 days as follows; (1): distilled water, (2) HIS at a dosage level of 250 mg/kg BWT daily and (3) HIS at a dosage level of 1750 mg/kg BWT weekly. Our results revealed that the consumption of HIS either daily or weekly could cause marked cardiopulmonary toxicity in rats. HIS can trigger inflammatory reactions in the cardiopulmonary tissues and induce oxidative stress damage along with apoptosis of such organs. HIS was markedly increase the MDA levels and decrease the CAT and GSH activity in both lung and heart tissues. The main pathological lesion observed is inflammation which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and demonstrated strong iNOS and TNF-α protein expressions. Cardiac muscles showed extensive degeneration and necrosis and displayed strong casp-3 protein expression. Additionally, all HIS receiving groups noticed marked elevation of the pulmonary transcription levels of Cox2, TNF-α, and IL1β along with substantial elevation of casp-3 and bax genes and downregulation of Bcl2 gene in the cardiac tissue. We concluded that the oral administration of HIS either daily or weekly can induce cardiopulmonary toxicity via the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines resulting in ROS overgeneration and inducing both oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Hayam A Mansour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Mailem RC, Tayo LL. Drug Repurposing Using Gene Co-Expression and Module Preservation Analysis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sepsis, and COVID-19. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121827. [PMID: 36552336 PMCID: PMC9775208 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections are highly correlated with the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in what is known as a cytokine storm, leading to high fatality rates. Such infections are accompanied by SIRS, ARDS, and sepsis, suggesting a potential link between the three phenotypes. Currently, little is known about the transcriptional similarity between these conditions. Herein, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) clustering was applied to RNA-seq datasets (GSE147902, GSE66890, GSE74224, GSE177477) to identify modules of highly co-expressed and correlated genes, cross referenced with dataset GSE160163, across the samples. To assess the transcriptome similarities between the conditions, module preservation analysis was performed and functional enrichment was analyzed in DAVID webserver. The hub genes of significantly preserved modules were identified, classified into upregulated or downregulated, and used to screen candidate drugs using Connectivity Map (CMap) to identify repurposed drugs. Results show that several immune pathways (chemokine signaling, NOD-like signaling, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation) are conserved across the four diseases. Hub genes screened using intramodular connectivity show significant relevance with the pathogenesis of cytokine storms. Transcriptomic-driven drug repurposing identified seven candidate drugs (SB-202190, eicosatetraenoic-acid, loratadine, TPCA-1, pinocembrin, mepacrine, and CAY-10470) that targeted several immune-related processes. These identified drugs warrant further study into their efficacy for treating cytokine storms, and in vitro and in vivo experiments are recommended to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Christian Mailem
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences and School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences and School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines
- School of Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +63-02-247-5000 (ext. 3300)
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12
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Raghavan S, Leo MD. Histamine Potentiates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Entry Into Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872736. [PMID: 35548336 PMCID: PMC9084361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most serious global health crises in recent history. COVID-19 patient symptoms range from life-threatening to mild and asymptomatic, which presents unique problems in identifying, quarantining, and treating the affected individuals. The emergence of unusual symptoms among survivors, now referred to as “Long COVID”, is concerning, especially since much about the condition and the treatment of it is still relatively unknown. Evidence so far also suggests that some of these symptoms can be attributed to vascular inflammation. Although famotidine, the commonly used histamine H2 receptor (H2R) blocker, was shown to have no antiviral activity, recent reports indicate that it could prevent adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Histamine is a classic proinflammatory mediator, the levels of which increase along with other cytokines during COVID-19 infection. Histamine activates H2R signaling, while famotidine specifically blocks H2R activation. Investigating the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain (Spike) on ACE2 expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells, we found that the presence of histamine potentiated spike-mediated ACE2 internalization into endothelial cells. This effect was blocked by famotidine, protein kinase A inhibition, or by H2 receptor protein knockdown. Together, these results indicate that histamine and histamine receptor signaling is likely essential for spike protein to induce ACE2 internalization in endothelial cells and cause endothelial dysfunction and that this effect can be blocked by the H2R blocker, famotidine.
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13
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García-Matarín L, Velilla-Zancada S, Trillo-Calvo E, Molina-Escribano F, Serrano-Cumplido A. [Potentially useful drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 in Primary Care]. Semergen 2022; 48:137-148. [PMID: 34454827 PMCID: PMC8316068 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have exceeded any forecast made. Today we know that the level of severity of the infection in its initial stages will correspond to the evolution and the presence of sequelae in the future. There are no specific treatments that have shown sufficient evidence to allow their recommendation, especially in the mild-moderate stages of the disease. The anti-Covid vaccination is showing clear benefits, both in the prevention of the disease and in its evolution, with the consequent improvement in the numbers of those affected by the pandemic. The use of different drugs used in other indications has been proposed as possible beneficial treatments for COVID-19 that, if used, will be prescribed individually taking into account the characteristics and situation of the patient, the evolutionary phase of the disease as well as well as the limitations of the lack of evidence in its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L García-Matarín
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud Aguadulce Sur, Almería, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, España
| | - S Velilla-Zancada
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud Joaquín Elizalde, Logroño, Servicio Riojano de Salud, España
| | - E Trillo-Calvo
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud Campo de Belchite, Zaragoza, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, España
| | - F Molina-Escribano
- Médico de familia, Centro de Salud de Sisante, Cuenca, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, España
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14
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Morgan P, Arnold SJ, Hsiao NW, Shu CW. A Closer Look at Dexamethasone and the SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm: In Silico Insights of the First Life-Saving COVID-19 Drug. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121507. [PMID: 34943719 PMCID: PMC8698520 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term cytokine storm refers to an uncontrolled overproduction of soluble inflammatory markers known as cytokines and chemokines. Autoimmune destruction of the lungs triggered by the release of these inflammatory markers often induces acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is an emergency condition with a high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Dexamethasone is the first repurposed corticosteroid with life-saving efficacy in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dexamethasone has traditionally been known to suppress the production of inflammatory markers at the transcriptional level, but its role as a direct therapeutic to neutralize cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, and functionally critical SARS-CoV-2 proteins has not yet been explored. Herein, we demonstrated that dexamethasone binds with high affinity to interlukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-21, INF2, TGFβ-1, INF-γ, CXCL8, some of the receptors, IL-1R, IL-21R, IFNGR, INFAR, IL-6αR-gp130, ST2 and the SARS-CoV-2 protein NSP macro X, and 3CLpro, forming stable drug–protein complexes. Our work implied that dexamethasone has the potential to directly neutralize inflammatory markers, further supporting its life-saving potential in patients with severe manifestations of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Morgan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Belize, Belmopan 501, Belize; (P.M.); (S.J.A.)
| | - Shareen J. Arnold
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Belize, Belmopan 501, Belize; (P.M.); (S.J.A.)
| | - Nai-Wan Hsiao
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-75252000 (ext. 5828)
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15
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Hungerford JM. Histamine and Scombrotoxins. Toxicon 2021; 201:115-126. [PMID: 34419509 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Histamine intoxications result when histamine-metabolizing enzymes are compromised or overwhelmed by dietary histamine in the human body. This can occur either due to metabolic enzyme deficiencies, such as in histamine intolerance to wines, aged cheese and other foods or from high concentrations of histamine following ingestion of decomposed fish. The presence of histamine in decomposed fish and fish products results from bacterial decarboxylation of free L-histidine following product mishandling. Consequently, histamine intoxications from mishandled fish, commonly referred to as scombrotoxin fish poisoning (SFP) or scombroid poisoning, require high levels of free L-histidine only found in certain species of pelagic fish. Differential diagnosis is required of clinicians since dietary histamine intoxications produce the same symptoms typical of release of endogenous histamine due to IgE -mediated seafood allergies or anisakiasis. Although high levels of dietary histamine are responsible for SFP, histamine has important physiological functions and tends to exert toxic effects only at doses beyond the physiological range. Endogenous histamine is essential to local immune responses, regulation of gastric acid secretion in the gut, and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Scombrotoxins, postulated to explain histamine's augmented toxicity in scombrotoxic fish, are a milieu of histamine and other bioactives. Since time-and-temperature abuse is required to produce high levels of histamine in fish, management consists of ensuring proper handling by identifying hazards and critical control points (HACCP) and maintaining a "cold chain" from catch to consumption. Reference methods for detecting histamine have received increased attention and the European Commission has validated a popular precolumn dansylation-based HPLC method through inter-laboratory collaboration and studied method equivalence with the AOAC fluorescence method 977.13 recognized by Codex Alimentarius. Much progress has been made during the last decade in the development and validation of rapid screening methods for detecting histamine in food and especially in fish products. These include many innovative sensors and several validated commercial test kits, many of them based on a recombinant form of the enzyme histamine dehydrogenase (HD).
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hungerford
- Applied Technology Center, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Dr SE Bothell, WA, 98021, USA.
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16
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Mura C, Preissner S, Preissner R, Bourne PE. A Birds-Eye (Re)View of Acid-Suppression Drugs, COVID-19, and the Highly Variable Literature. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:700703. [PMID: 34456726 PMCID: PMC8385362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.700703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This Perspective examines a recent surge of information regarding the potential benefits of acid-suppression drugs in the context of COVID-19, with a particular eye on the great variability (and, thus, confusion) that has arisen across the reported findings, at least as regards the popular antacid famotidine. The degree of inconsistency and discordance reflects contradictory conclusions from independent, clinical-based studies that took roughly similar approaches, in terms of both experimental design (retrospective, observational, cohort-based, etc.) and statistical analysis workflows (propensity-score matching and stratification into sub-cohorts, etc.). The contradictions and potential confusion have ramifications for clinicians faced with choosing therapeutically optimal courses of intervention: e.g., do any potential benefits of famotidine suggest its use in a particular COVID-19 case? (If so, what administration route, dosage regimen, duration, etc. are likely optimal?) As succinctly put this March in Freedberg et al. (2021), "…several retrospective studies show relationships between famotidine and outcomes in COVID-19 and several do not." Beyond the pressing issue of possible therapeutic indications, the conflicting data and conclusions related to famotidine must be resolved before its inclusion/integration in ontological and knowledge graph (KG)-based frameworks, which in turn are useful for drug discovery and repurposing. As a broader methodological issue, note that reconciling inconsistencies would bolster the validity of meta-analyses which draw upon the relevant data-sources. And, perhaps most broadly, developing a system for treating inconsistencies would stand to improve the qualities of both 1) real world evidence-based studies (retrospective), on the one hand, and 2) placebo-controlled, randomized multi-center clinical trials (prospective), on the other hand. In other words, a systematic approach to reconciling the two types of studies would inherently improve the quality and utility of each type of study individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Mura
- School of Data Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Saskia Preissner
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-IT, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip E. Bourne
- School of Data Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Sibilio P, Bini S, Fiscon G, Sponziello M, Conte F, Pecce V, Durante C, Paci P, Falcone R, Norata GD, Farina L, Verrienti A. In silico drug repurposing in COVID-19: A network-based analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111954. [PMID: 34358753 PMCID: PMC8316014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide public health emergency. Despite the beginning of a vaccination campaign, the search for new drugs to appropriately treat COVID-19 patients remains a priority. Drug repurposing represents a faster and cheaper method than de novo drug discovery. In this study, we examined three different network-based approaches to identify potentially repurposable drugs to treat COVID-19. We analyzed transcriptomic data from whole blood cells of patients with COVID-19 and 21 other related conditions, as compared with those of healthy subjects. In addition to conventionally used drugs (e.g., anticoagulants, antihistaminics, anti-TNFα antibodies, corticosteroids), unconventional candidate compounds, such as SCN5A inhibitors and drugs active in the central nervous system, were identified. Clinical judgment and validation through clinical trials are always mandatory before use of the identified drugs in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sibilio
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy; Fondazione per la Medicina Personalizzata, Via Goffredo Mameli, 3/1, Genova, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pecce
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy; Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Falcone
- Phase 1 Unit-Clinical Trial Center Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Excellence in Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan and Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, SISA Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Farina
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Verrienti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Eljaaly K, Malibary H, Alsulami S, Albanji M, Badawi M, Al-Tawfiq JA. Description and Analysis of Cytokine Storm in Registered COVID-19 Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060692. [PMID: 34199506 PMCID: PMC8229812 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the characteristics of clinical trials that focused on COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and the variability in CRS definitions. Two authors independently searched three clinical trial registries and included interventional clinical trials on COVID-19 hospitalized patients that required at least one elevated inflammatory biomarker. Relevant data, including the type and cutoff of the measured biomarker, oxygen/respiratory criteria, fever, radiologic criteria, and medications, were summarized. A total of 47 clinical trials were included. The included studies considered the following criteria: oxygen/respiratory criteria in 42 trials (89%), radiologic criteria in 29 trials (62%), and fever in 6 trials (18%). Serum ferritin was measured in 35 trials (74%), CRP in 34 trials (72%), D-dimer in 26 trials (55%), LDH in 24 trials (51%), lymphocyte count in 14 trials (30%), and IL-6 in 8 trials (17%). The cutoff values were variable for the included biomarkers. The most commonly used medications were tocilizumab, in 15 trials (32%), and anakinra in 10 trials (24.4%). This systematic review found high variability in CRS definitions and associated biomarker cutoff values in COVID-19 clinical trials. We call for a standardized definition of CRS, especially in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Eljaaly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, King Abdulaziz University, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(857)272-2994
| | - Husam Malibary
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaimaa Alsulami
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacy, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 21159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muradi Albanji
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mazen Badawi
- Infectious Disease Division, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia;
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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19
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Villoutreix BO, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Beaune P. Chemoinformatic Analysis of Psychotropic and Antihistaminic Drugs in the Light of Experimental Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activities. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2021; 14:71-85. [PMID: 33880039 PMCID: PMC8051956 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s304649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an urgent need to identify therapies that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and improve the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Objective Based upon clinical observations, we proposed that some psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect psychiatric patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This observation is investigated in the light of experimental in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2. Methods SARS-CoV-2 high-throughput screening results are available at the NCATS COVID-19 portal. We investigated the in vitro anti-viral activity of many psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs using chemoinformatics approaches. Results and Discussion We analyze our clinical observations in the light of SARS-CoV-2 experimental screening results and propose that several cationic amphiphilic psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect people from SARS-CoV-2 infection; some of these molecules have very limited adverse effects and could be used as prophylactic drugs. Other cationic amphiphilic drugs used in other disease areas are also highlighted. Recent analyses of patient electronic health records reported by several research groups indicate that some of these molecules could be of interest at different stages of the disease progression. In addition, recently reported drug combination studies further suggest that it might be valuable to associate several cationic amphiphilic drugs. Taken together, these observations underline the need for clinical trials to fully evaluate the potentials of these molecules, some fitting in the so-called category of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Repositioning orally available drugs that have moderate side effects and should act on molecular mechanisms less prone to drug resistance would indeed be of utmost importance to deal with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno O Villoutreix
- INSERM U1141, NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, F-75019, France
| | - Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Philippe Beaune
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, 75006, France
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20
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Gitahy Falcao Faria C, Weiner L, Petrignet J, Hingray C, Ruiz De Pellon Santamaria Á, Villoutreix BO, Beaune P, Leboyer M, Javelot H. Antihistamine and cationic amphiphilic drugs, old molecules as new tools against the COVID-19? Med Hypotheses 2021; 148:110508. [PMID: 33571758 PMCID: PMC7830196 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that certain psychoactive drugs could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we propose that antihistamines (anti-H1) and cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD), specifically, have the capacity to disrupt virus entry and replication. In addition, several of these molecules have limited side effects and as such could be promising prophylactic candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gitahy Falcao Faria
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Luisa Weiner
- Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU de Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Petrignet
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules BioActives (SIMBA, EA 7502), Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Tours, France
| | - Coraline Hingray
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, CHU de Nancy, Département de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | | | - Bruno O Villoutreix
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm U1141, hôpital Robert-Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Beaune
- Inserm U 1138 Centre de recherche des Cordeliers 75006 Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-psychiatrie translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Hervé Javelot
- Etablissement Public de Santé Alsace Nord, Brumath, France Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Pharmacologie Neuro Cardiovasculaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Shamshad H, Sayqal A, Zeb J, Mirza AZ. Simultaneous Determination of Chloroquine and Pyrimethamine with Cetirizine in an Active Form and Human Serum by RP-HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:923-927. [PMID: 33621328 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine, pyrimethamine and cetirizine hydrochloride concentrations in bulk drug and human serum. The assay was performed using a mobile phase of methanol: water (70:30) at pH of 2.8 ± 0.05 on the Purospher C-18 column with UV detection at 230 nm and rosuvastatin used as an internal standard. The retention times observed for chloroquine, pyrimethamine and cetirizine hydrochloride were 3.5, 2.5 and 5.5 minutes, respectively. The method was found to be specific for the assayed drugs showing a linear response in the concentration range of 1-100 μg mL-1 with coefficients of determination values of (r = 0.999). The method was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was used to monitor the serum samples and was found to be sensitive for therapeutic purposes, showing the potential to be a useful tool for routine analysis in laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Shamshad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sayqal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahan Zeb
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, Institute of Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Agha Zeeshan Mirza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
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A computational study on hydroxychloroquine binding to target proteins related to SARS-COV-2 infection. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021; 26:100714. [PMID: 34458558 PMCID: PMC8381687 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed a global health emergency. Repurposing of existing drugs can be a rapid and effective strategy to fight the infection. Clinical trials have reported reduction or elimination of viral load when patients were treated with the anti-malarial drug Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). To understand the molecular mechanism of action for effective repurposing of this drug we have carried out in silico docking and dynamics studies on complexes between HCQ and target proteins, which were identified through both literature survey and structural similarity searches in databases of small molecule - protein complexes. The proteins identified as binding HCQ are: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), α7 nicotinic AcetylCholine Receptor (α7 nAChR), α1D-adrenergic receptor (α1D-AR), Histamine N- Methyl Transferase (HNMT) and DNA gyrase/Topoisomerase III β (Top3β). The majority of these proteins are novel and have not been used before, in docking studies. Our docking and simulation results support action of HCQ both at the entry and post-entry stages of SARS-CoV2 infection. The mechanism of action at the entry stage is through blocking the virus-binding sites on the two receptors, ACE2 & α7 nAChR, by binding directly at those sites. Our computational studies also show that the action of HCQ at the post-entry stage is to prevent both viral replication and generation of 'cytokine storm' by inhibiting host Top3β enzyme and α1D-AR, respectively. Binding of HCQ to HNMT is not a desired binding, and therefore this should be reduced during repurposing of HCQ.
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Goff DA, Ashiru‐Oredope D, Cairns KA, Eljaaly K, Gauthier TP, Langford BJ, Mahmoud SF, Messina AP, Michael UC, Saad T, Schellack N. Global contributions of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020; 3:1480-1492. [PMID: 33043280 PMCID: PMC7537072 DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) global pandemic, pharmacists were rarely mentioned as essential frontline health care providers by the news media, the public, or politicians. Around the world, pharmacists are working on the frontlines of health care every day providing essential health care services during the pandemic. Pharmacists are medication experts providing patient care in a variety of settings including hospitals, clinics, community pharmacies, long-term care, physician offices, and national and public health. In this paper, we describe how pharmacists from high and low-middle income countries contributed to essential patient care and well-being of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the news media, the public, and politicians often overlooked pharmacists as essential frontline health care providers, we hope that this list of contributions by pharmacists from nine countries in this article can help to change this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Goff
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State University College of PharmacyColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Diane Ashiru‐Oredope
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandLondonUK
- Commonwealth Pharmacists AssociationLondonUK
| | | | - Khalid Eljaaly
- Faculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
- College of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | | | - Bradley J. Langford
- Public Health OntarioTorontoOntarioCanada
- Hotel Dieu Shaver Health and Rehabilitation CentreSt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | | | - Angeliki P. Messina
- Division of PharmacyNetcare Hospitals LtdJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | - Thérèse Saad
- Department of PharmacyAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Natalie Schellack
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health SciencesSefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityPretoriaSouth Africa
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