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Oliveira Pereira EA, Labine LM, Kleywegt S, Jobst KJ, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Metabolomics revealed disruptions in amino acid and antioxidant biochemistry in Daphnia magna exposed to industrial effluents associated with plastic and polymer production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117547. [PMID: 37949288 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater effluents are a major source of chemicals in aquatic environments, and many of these chemicals may negatively impact aquatic life. In this study, the crustacean Daphnia magna, a common model organism in ecotoxicity studies, was exposed for 48 h to nine different industrial effluent samples from manufacturing facilities associated with the production of plastics, polymers, and coating products at a range of dilutions: 10, 25, 50, 100% (undiluted). A targeted metabolomic-based approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify polar metabolites from individual daphnids that survived the 48 h exposure. Multivariate analyses and metabolite changes revealed metabolic perturbations across all effluent samples studied, with non-monotonic responses and both up and downregulation relative to the unexposed control. Pathway analyses indicated the disruption of similar and distinct pathways, mostly connected to protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and antioxidant processes. Overall, we observed disruptions in Daphnia biochemistry that were similar across the effluent samples, but with unique features for each effluent sample. Additionally, non-monotonic heightened responses suggested additive and/or synergistic interactions between the chemicals within the industrial effluents. These findings demonstrate that targeted metabolomic approaches are a powerful tool for the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems in the context of complex mixtures, such as industrial wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico A Oliveira Pereira
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Lisa M Labine
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl J Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Pharmacometabolomics for the Study of Lipid-Lowering Therapies: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043291. [PMID: 36834701 PMCID: PMC9960554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-lowering therapies are widely used to prevent the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and related mortality worldwide. "Omics" technologies have been successfully applied in recent decades to investigate the mechanisms of action of these drugs, their pleiotropic effects, and their side effects, aiming to identify novel targets for future personalized medicine with an improvement of the efficacy and safety associated with the treatment. Pharmacometabolomics is a branch of metabolomics that is focused on the study of drug effects on metabolic pathways that are implicated in the variation of response to the treatment considering also the influences from a specific disease, environment, and concomitant pharmacological therapies. In this review, we summarized the most significant metabolomic studies on the effects of lipid-lowering therapies, including the most commonly used statins and fibrates to novel drugs or nutraceutical approaches. The integration of pharmacometabolomics data with the information obtained from the other "omics" approaches could help in the comprehension of the biological mechanisms underlying the use of lipid-lowering drugs in view of defining a precision medicine to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects associated with the treatment.
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Kamp H, Wahrheit J, Stinchcombe S, Walk T, Stauber F, Ravenzwaay BV. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors: in silico flux analysis and in vivo metabolomics investigations show no severe metabolic consequences for rats and humans. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112085. [PMID: 33636213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase complex II inhibitors (SDHIs) are widely used fungicides since the 1960s. Recently, based on published in vitro cell viability data, potential health effects via disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle have been postulated in mammalian species. As primary metabolic impact of SDH inhibition, an increase in succinate, and compensatory ATP production via glycolysis resulting in excess lactate levels was hypothesized. To investigate these hypotheses, genome-scale metabolic models of Rattus norvegicus and Homo sapiens were used for an in silico analysis of mammalian metabolism. Moreover, plasma samples from 28-day studies with the SDHIs boscalid and fluxapyroxad were subjected to metabolome analyses, to assess in vivo metabolite changes induced by SDHIs. The outcome of in silico analyses indicated that mammalian metabolic networks are robust and able to compensate different types of metabolic perturbation, e.g., partial or complete SDH inhibition. Additionally, the in silico comparison of rat and human responses suggested no noticeable differences between both species, evidencing that the rat is an appropriate testing organism for toxicity of SDHIs. Since no succinate or lactate accumulation were found in rats, such an accumulation is also not expected in humans as a result of SDHI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kamp
- BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - T Walk
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Estrela GR, Arruda AC, Torquato HFV, Freitas-Lima LC, Perilhão MS, Wasinski F, Budu A, Fock RA, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Araujo RC. Gemfibrozil Induces Anemia, Leukopenia and Reduces Hematopoietic Stem Cells via PPAR-α in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145050. [PMID: 32708962 PMCID: PMC7403977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is a form of hyperlipidemia, which may be a consequence of diet, obesity or diabetes. In addition, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Thus, controlling cholesterol levels is commonly necessary, and fibrates have been used as lipid-lowering drugs. Gemfibrozil is a fibrate that acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha to promote changes in lipid metabolism and decrease serum triglyceride levels. However, anemia and leukopenia are known side effects of gemfibrozil. Considering that gemfibrozil may lead to anemia and that gemfibrozil acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, we treated wild-type and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-knockout mice with gemfibrozil for four consecutive days. Gemfibrozil treatment led to anemia seven days after the first administration of the drug; we found reduced levels of hemoglobin, as well as red blood cells, white blood cells and a reduced percentage of hematocrits. PPAR-alpha-knockout mice were capable of reversing all of those reduced parameters induced by gemfibrozil treatment. Erythropoietin levels were increased in the serum of gemfibrozil-treated animals, and we also observed an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) and erythropoietin in renal tissue, while PPAR-alpha knockout mice treated with gemfibrozil did not present increased levels of serum erythropoietin or tissue HIF-2α and erythropoietin mRNA levels in the kidneys. We analyzed bone marrow and found that gemfibrozil reduced erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells in wild-type mice but not in PPAR-alpha-knockout mice, while increased colony-forming units were observed only in wild-type mice treated with gemfibrozil. Here, we show for the first time that gemfibrozil treatment leads to anemia and leukopenia via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rufino Estrela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Discipline of Hematology and Hematotherapy, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04037002, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.R.E.); (R.C.A.); Tel.: +55-11-5576-4859 (R.C.A.)
| | - Adriano Cleis Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
| | - Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; (H.F.V.T.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Center Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes 08773380, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Sérgio Perilhão
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil;
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil;
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; (H.F.V.T.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79070900, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.R.E.); (R.C.A.); Tel.: +55-11-5576-4859 (R.C.A.)
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5
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Sperber S, Wahl M, Berger F, Kamp H, Lemke O, Starck V, Walk T, Spitzer M, Ravenzwaay B. Metabolomics as read-across tool: An example with 3-aminopropanol and 2-aminoethanol. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Analysis of metabolome changes in the bile acid pool in feces and plasma of antibiotic-treated rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 363:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Behr C, Sperber S, Jiang X, Strauss V, Kamp H, Walk T, Herold M, Beekmann K, Rietjens I, van Ravenzwaay B. Microbiome-related metabolite changes in gut tissue, cecum content and feces of rats treated with antibiotics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:198-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Behr C, Ramírez-Hincapié S, Cameron HJ, Strauss V, Walk T, Herold M, Beekmann K, Rietjens IMCM, van Ravenzwaay B. Impact of lincosamides antibiotics on the composition of the rat gut microbiota and the metabolite profile of plasma and feces. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:139-151. [PMID: 30102961 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the gut microorganisms and their wide range of interactions with the host are well-acknowledged. In this study, lincomycin and clindamycin were used to modulate microbial communities of Wistar rats to gain a comprehensive understanding of the implications of microbiome alterations. A metabolomics approach and taxonomic profiling were applied to characterize the effects of these antibiotics on the functionality of the microbiome and to identify microbiome-related metabolites. After treatment, the diversity of the microbial community was drastically reduced. Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were drastically reduced, Tenericutes and Deferribacteres completely disappeared, while abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were highly increased. Changes in plasma and feces metabolites were observed for metabolites belonging mainly to the class of complex lipids, fatty acids and related metabolites as well as amino acids and related compounds. Bile acid metabolism was markedly affected: taurocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid presented abrupt changes showing a specific metabolite pattern indicating disruption of the microbial community. In both plasma and feces taurocholic acid was highly upregulated upon treatment whereas glycochenodeoxycholic acid was downregulated. Cholic acid was upregulated in feces but downregulated in plasma. These results show that changes in the gut microbial community lead to alterations of the metabolic profile in blood and feces of the host and can be used to identify potentially microbiome-related metabolites. This implies that metabolomics could be a suitable tool to estimate the extent of changes induced in the intestinal microbiome with respect to consequences for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Behr
- BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - H J Cameron
- BASF Plant Science LP, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - V Strauss
- BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - T Walk
- metanomics GmbH, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Herold
- metanomics GmbH, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Beekmann
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Baldivia DDS, Sanjinez-Argandonã EJ, Antunes KÁ, Moraes ICF, Dos Santos EL, de Picoli Souza K. The Chemical Composition and Metabolic Effects of Attalea phalerata Nut Oil in Hyperlipidemic Rats Induced by a High-Fructose Diet. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040960. [PMID: 29677105 PMCID: PMC6017791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acids found in nuts are important regulators of the metabolism. These acids are frequently associated with a reduction of serum cholesterol and body fat and a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify and quantify the nut oil fatty acids from Attalea phalerata and investigate their metabolic effects in rats with hyperlipidemia induced by a diet rich in fructose. Oleic and lauric acids were the major compounds found in the A. phalerata nut oil (APNO). Hyperlipidemic rats treated with APNO showed a reduction in the total serum cholesterol similar to those treated with simvastatin, an increased body temperature by 1 °C, and a reduction in the body weight gain and mesenteric depot of white adipose tissue compared to the hyperlipidemic controls rats. There was an increase in the relative liver weight of rats treated with APNO, without, however, any change in the serum markers of hepatic toxicity. In addition, there was an increase in the moisture and lipid content of the feces of the rats treated with APNO compared to the controls. Together, these results suggest that APNO has potential use in health foods and nutritional supplements to control hypercholesterolemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Silva Baldivia
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting applied to metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Dourados MS 79804-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Kátia Ávila Antunes
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting applied to metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Dourados MS 79804-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Edson Lucas Dos Santos
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting applied to metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Dourados MS 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting applied to metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Dourados MS 79804-970, Brazil.
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10
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Miousse IR, Murphy LA, Lin H, Schisler MR, Sun J, Chalbot MCG, Sura R, Johnson K, LeBaron MJ, Kavouras IG, Schnackenberg LK, Beger RD, Rasoulpour RJ, Koturbash I. Dose-response analysis of epigenetic, metabolic, and apical endpoints after short-term exposure to experimental hepatotoxicants. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:690-702. [PMID: 28495587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of sensitive and novel biomarkers or endpoints associated with toxicity and carcinogenesis is of a high priority. There is increasing interest in the incorporation of epigenetic and metabolic biomarkers to complement apical data; however, a number of questions, including the tissue specificity, dose-response patterns, early detection of those endpoints, and the added value need to be addressed. In this study, we investigated the dose-response relationship between apical, epigenetic, and metabolomics endpoints following short-term exposure to experimental hepatotoxicants, clofibrate (CF) and phenobarbital (PB). Male F344 rats were exposed to PB (0, 5, 25, and 100 mg/kg/day) or CF (0, 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day) for seven days. Exposure to PB or CF resulted in dose-dependent increases in relative liver weights, hepatocellular hypertrophy and proliferation, and increases in Cyp2b1 and Cyp4a1 transcripts. These changes were associated with altered histone modifications within the regulatory units of cytochrome genes, LINE-1 DNA hypomethylation, and altered microRNA profiles. Metabolomics data indicated alterations in the metabolism of bile acids. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the apical, epigenetic and metabolic alterations, and suggests that the latter two occur within or near the dose response curve of apical endpoint alterations following exposure to experimental hepatotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Lynea A Murphy
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.
| | - Haixia Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Melissa R Schisler
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Marie-Cecile G Chalbot
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35246, USA.
| | - Radhakrishna Sura
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.
| | - Kamin Johnson
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.
| | - Matthew J LeBaron
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.
| | - Ilias G Kavouras
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35246, USA.
| | - Laura K Schnackenberg
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Reza J Rasoulpour
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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11
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Behr C, Kamp H, Fabian E, Krennrich G, Mellert W, Peter E, Strauss V, Walk T, Rietjens IMCM, van Ravenzwaay B. Gut microbiome-related metabolic changes in plasma of antibiotic-treated rats. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3439-3454. [PMID: 28337503 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota contributes to the metabolism of its host. Adequate identification of the microbiota's impact on the host plasma metabolites is lacking. As antibiotics have a profound effect on the microbial composition and hence on the mammalian-microbiota co-metabolism, we studied the effects of antibiotics on the "functionality of the microbiome"-defined as the production of metabolites absorbed by the host. This metabolomics study presents insights into the mammalian-microbiome co-metabolism of endogenous metabolites. To identify plasma metabolites related to microbiome changes due to antibiotic treatment, we have applied broad-spectrum antibiotics belonging to the class of aminoglycosides (neomycin, gentamicin), fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin) and tetracyclines (doxycycline, tetracycline). These were administered orally for 28 days to male rats including blood sampling for metabolic profiling after 7, 14 and 28 days. Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines can be absorbed from the gut; whereas, aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed. Hippuric acid, indole-3-acetic acid and glycerol were identified as key metabolites affected by antibiotic treatment, beside changes mainly concerning amino acids and carbohydrates. Inter alia, effects on indole-3-propionic acid were found to be unique for aminoglycosides, and on 3-indoxylsulfate for tetracyclines. For each class of antibiotics, specific metabolome patterns could be established in the MetaMap®Tox data base, which contains metabolome data for more than 550 reference compounds. The results suggest that plasma-based metabolic profiling (metabolomics) could be a suitable tool to investigate the effect of antibiotics on the functionality of the microbiome and to obtain insight into the mammalian-microbiome co-metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Behr
- BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - H Kamp
- BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - E Fabian
- BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - W Mellert
- BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - E Peter
- Metanomics GmbH, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Strauss
- BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - T Walk
- Metanomics GmbH, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - I M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Okamoto-Uchida Y, Yu R, Miyamura N, Arima N, Ishigami-Yuasa M, Kagechika H, Yoshida S, Hosoya T, Nawa M, Kasama T, Asaoka Y, Alois RW, Elling U, Penninger JM, Nishina S, Azuma N, Nishina H. The mevalonate pathway regulates primitive streak formation via protein farnesylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37697. [PMID: 27883036 PMCID: PMC5121603 DOI: 10.1038/srep37697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The primitive streak in peri-implantation embryos forms the mesoderm and endoderm and controls cell differentiation. The metabolic cues regulating primitive streak formation remain largely unknown. Here we utilised a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation system and a library of well-characterised drugs to identify these metabolic factors. We found that statins, which inhibit the mevalonate metabolic pathway, suppressed primitive streak formation in vitro and in vivo. Using metabolomics and pharmacologic approaches we identified the downstream signalling pathway of mevalonate and revealed that primitive streak formation requires protein farnesylation but not cholesterol synthesis. A tagging-via-substrate approach revealed that nuclear lamin B1 and small G proteins were farnesylated in embryoid bodies and important for primitive streak gene expression. In conclusion, protein farnesylation driven by the mevalonate pathway is a metabolic cue essential for primitive streak formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Okamoto-Uchida
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruoxing Yu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Miyamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Arima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ishigami-Yuasa
- Chemical Biology Screening Center, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Chemical Biology Screening Center, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Department of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Nawa
- Laboratory of Cytometry and Proteome Research, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Instrumental Analysis Research Division, Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Asaoka
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiner Wimmer Alois
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Elling
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sachiko Nishina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Laboratory for Visual Science, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Laboratory for Visual Science, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Metabolite profiles of rats in repeated dose toxicological studies after oral and inhalative exposure. Toxicol Lett 2016; 255:11-23. [PMID: 27153797 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The MetaMap(®)-Tox database contains plasma-metabolome and toxicity data of rats obtained from oral administration of 550 reference compounds following a standardized adapted OECD 407 protocol. Here, metabolic profiles for aniline (A), chloroform (CL), ethylbenzene (EB), 2-methoxyethanol (ME), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofurane (THF), dosed inhalatively for six hours/day, five days a week for 4 weeks were compared to oral dosing performed daily for 4 weeks. To investigate if the oral and inhalative metabolome would be comparable statistical analyses were performed. Best correlations for metabolome changes via both routes of exposure were observed for toxicants that induced profound metabolome changes. e.g. CL and ME. Liver and testes were correctly identified as target organs. In contrast, route of exposure dependent differences in metabolic profiles were noted for low profile strength e.g. female rats dosed inhalatively with A or THF. Taken together, the current investigations demonstrate that plasma metabolome changes are generally comparable for systemic effects after oral and inhalation exposure. Differences may result from kinetics and first pass effects. For compounds inducing only weak changes, the differences between both routes of exposure are visible in the metabolome.
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Snowden SG, Grapov D, Settergren M, D'Alexandri FL, Haeggström JZ, Fiehn O, Hyötyläinen T, Pedersen TL, Newman JW, Orešič M, Pernow J, Wheelock CE. High-dose simvastatin exhibits enhanced lipid-lowering effects relative to simvastatin/ezetimibe combination therapy. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:955-964. [PMID: 25516625 PMCID: PMC4270085 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Statins are the frontline in cholesterol reduction therapies; however, their use in combination with agents that possess complimentary mechanisms of action may achieve further reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thirty-nine patients were treated with either 80 mg simvastatin (n=20) or 10 mg simvastatin plus 10 mg ezetimibe (n=19) for 6 weeks. Dosing was designed to produce comparable low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions, while enabling assessment of potential simvastatin-associated pleiotropic effects. Baseline and post-treatment plasma were analyzed for lipid mediators (eg, eicosanoids and endocannabinoids) and structural lipids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. After statistical analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures multivariate modeling, no changes were observed in lipid mediator levels, whereas global structural lipids were reduced in response to both monotherapy (R(2)Y=0.74; Q(2)=0.66; cross-validated ANOVA P=7.0×10(-8)) and combination therapy (R(2)Y=0.67; Q(2)=0.54; cross-validated ANOVA P=2.6×10(-5)). Orthogonal projections to latent structures modeling identified a subset of 12 lipids that classified the 2 treatment groups after 6 weeks (R(2)Y=0.65; Q(2)=0.61; cross-validated ANOVA P=5.4×10(-8)). Decreases in the lipid species phosphatidylcholine (15:0/18:2) and hexosyl-ceramide (d18:1/24:0) were the strongest discriminators of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions for both treatment groups (q<0.00005), whereas phosphatidylethanolamine (36:3e) contributed most to distinguishing treatment groups (q=0.017). Shifts in lipid composition were similar for high-dose simvastatin and simvastatin/ezetimibe combination therapy, but the magnitude of the reduction was linked to simvastatin dosage. Simvastatin therapy did not affect circulating levels of lipid mediators, suggesting that pleiotropic effects are not associated with eicosanoid production. Only high-dose simvastatin reduced the relative proportion of sphingomyelin and ceramide to phosphatidylcholine (q=0.008), suggesting a pleiotropic effect previously associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Snowden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Grapov
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Magnus Settergren
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Luiz D'Alexandri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California
| | | | | | - John W Newman
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Xu QY, Liu YH, Zhang Q, Ma B, Yang ZD, Liu L, Yao D, Cui GB, Sun JJ, Wu ZM. Metabolomic analysis of simvastatin and fenofibrate intervention in high-lipid diet-induced hyperlipidemia rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1265-73. [PMID: 25220639 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the metabolite changes caused by simvastatin or fenofibrate intervention in diet-induced hyperlipidemia rats using a GC-MS-based metabolomic profiling approach. METHODS SD rats were fed with high-lipid diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia, then the rats were fed with normal diet, and orally administered with simvastatin (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or fenofibrate (150 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected once a week, and potential biomarkers were examined using commercial assay kits and a metabolomic approach. The metabolomics data were analyzed using a multivariate statistical technique and a principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Oral administration of simvastatin or fenofibrate significantly decreased the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increased the plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the hyperlipidemia rats. Plasma samples were scattered in the PCA scores plots in response to the diet and to the drugs administered. The main metabolites changed in the hyperlipidemia rats were cholesterol, creatinine, linoleic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, tyrosine, isoleucine and ornithine. The plasma level of creatinine was significantly lower in the simvastatin-treated rats than in the fenofibrate-treated rats. The plasma tyrosine concentration was declined following intake of high-lipid diet, which was reversed by fenobrate, but not by simvastatin. CONCLUSION A series of potential biomarkers including tyrosine, creatinine, linoleic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid and ornithine have been identified by metabolomic profiling, which may be used to identify the metabolic changes during hyperlipidemia progression.
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16
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Long-term atorvastatin improves age-related endothelial dysfunction by ameliorating oxidative stress and normalizing eNOS/iNOS imbalance in rat aorta. Exp Gerontol 2014; 52:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Ramirez T, Daneshian M, Kamp H, Bois FY, Clench MR, Coen M, Donley B, Fischer SM, Ekman DR, Fabian E, Guillou C, Heuer J, Hogberg HT, Jungnickel H, Keun HC, Krennrich G, Krupp E, Luch A, Noor F, Peter E, Riefke B, Seymour M, Skinner N, Smirnova L, Verheij E, Wagner S, Hartung T, van Ravenzwaay B, Leist M. Metabolomics in toxicology and preclinical research. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2013; 30:209-25. [PMID: 23665807 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2013.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in a biological system, provides detailed information about the biochemical/physiological status of a biological system, and about the changes caused by chemicals. Metabolomics analysis is used in many fields, ranging from the analysis of the physiological status of genetically modified organisms in safety science to the evaluation of human health conditions. In toxicology, metabolomics is the -omics discipline that is most closely related to classical knowledge of disturbed biochemical pathways. It allows rapid identification of the potential targets of a hazardous compound. It can give information on target organs and often can help to improve our understanding regarding the mode-of-action of a given compound. Such insights aid the discovery of biomarkers that either indicate pathophysiological conditions or help the monitoring of the efficacy of drug therapies. The first toxicological applications of metabolomics were for mechanistic research, but different ways to use the technology in a regulatory context are being explored. Ideally, further progress in that direction will position the metabolomics approach to address the challenges of toxicology of the 21st century. To address these issues, scientists from academia, industry, and regulatory bodies came together in a workshop to discuss the current status of applied metabolomics and its potential in the safety assessment of compounds. We report here on the conclusions of three working groups addressing questions regarding 1) metabolomics for in vitro studies 2) the appropriate use of metabolomics in systems toxicology, and 3) use of metabolomics in a regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzutzuy Ramirez
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Sasseville VG, Mansfield KG, Brees DJ. Safety biomarkers in preclinical development: translational potential. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:281-91. [PMID: 24091814 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813505117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The identification, application, and qualification of safety biomarkers are becoming increasingly critical to successful drug discovery and development as companies are striving to develop drugs for difficult targets and for novel disease indications in a risk-adverse environment. Translational safety biomarkers that are minimally invasive and monitor drug-induced toxicity during human clinical trials are urgently needed to assess whether toxicities observed in preclinical toxicology studies are relevant to humans at therapeutic doses. The interpretation of data during the biomarker qualification phase should include careful consideration of the analytic method used, the biology, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the biomarker, and the pathophysiology of the process studied. The purpose of this review is to summarize commonly employed technologies in the development of fluid- and tissue-based safety biomarkers in drug discovery and development and to highlight areas of ongoing novel assay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Sasseville
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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